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IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234\charrsid525234 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 AT SUVA
\par JUDICIAL REVIEW
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 THE STATE }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1316419 
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1316419 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1316419 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 THE DISPUTES COMMITTEE AND PERMANENT SECRETARY FOR LABOUR AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 Respondents
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 JOKAVETI LABALABA AND NATIONAL UNION OF HOTEL
\par AND CATERING EMPLOYEES
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 Interested Respondents
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
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\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 PLANTATION ISLAND RESORT
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 Applicant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 G.P. Lala for the Applicant
\par R.S. Singh on instructions from Iqbal Khan & Co. for Second Respondent
\par 
\par Dates of Hearing and
\par Submissions: 22nd June, 14th August, 14th September, 3rd October 2001
\par 
\par Date of Judgment: 19th February 2002
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234\charrsid525234 JUDGMENT}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
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\par The Applicant is the owner of a hotel known as Plantation Island Resort.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 It seeks Judicial Review, with an object of setting aside a
nd quashing an award given by a 
\par 
\par Disputes Committee on the 9th of April 2001 under public law powers and jurisdiction given by the Trades Disputes Act Cap. 97.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 The First Interested Respondent was an employee of the Applicant and a member of the Second In
terested Respondent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
The First Interested Respondent had four days sick leave commencing on the 10th of October 2000 until the 13th of October 2000.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 At about 7 a.m. on the 14th of October 2000 she asked her supervisor, Mr. Bimal Deo to let her have the da
y off changing her rostered day off from the 12th of October 2000.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 After her leave was approved she then went to clean the staff quarters and its compound at the hotel.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 The Applicant alleges that together with another employee a Mr. Ilaisa Vuinamotu she c
ollected all the garbage and piled it up on the main road at the entrance to the reception area, in full view of the guests at the Resort.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
This area was not a designated rubbish station nor a rubbish collection place.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 The Applicant alleges that when on th
e instruction of the General Manager Mr. Patrick Wong a Security Officer Mr. Simeli Gonewai started to clear the garbage the First Interested Respondent told him not to pick up the rubbish as she wanted the Health Department to see it.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 Hearing all this Mr. Wong asked the First Interested Respondent to see him in his office at 10.00 a.m. but she did not do so.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 Because of this the Applicant suspended the first Interested Respondent as she had not given him any explanation for her act.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 As a result of her bein
g suspended the First Interested Respondent was required to vacate her quarters and leave the Resort property by 3 p.m. on 14th October 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
On the 17th of October 2000 the Management of the Resort had a meeting with the Second 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par Interested Respondent following which the First Interested Respondent was dismissed from her employment with the Resort.
\par 
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A reference was made to the Permanent Secretary for Labour and Industrial Relations who then appointed a Disputes Committee to rule on the dismissal.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 The terms of reference of the Disputes Committee were:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 \'93
Over the termination of Ms Jakaveti Labalaba with effect from 20th October 2000 which Union claims is harsh, unfair, unjustified and in breach of Clause 7 of the Collective Agreement.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 The Union therefore seeks that Ms Labalaba be re-instated without loss of benefits.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 On the 9th of April 2001 the Disputes Committee gave its decision which was as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 \'93(1)\tab that Ms Labalaba shall be re-instated to her former position with immediate effect;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1316419 {\insrsid1316419 (2)\tab }{\insrsid1975385\charrsid1316419 that she be paid 50% of her benefits for the period 20th October 2000 to 8th April 2001.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par After reading affidavits filed on behalf of the parties, on the 22nd of June 2001 I stated that I would consider all the evidence and would accept submissions on the question of whether leave should be granted to apply for Judicial Review as submissions}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 on a substantive Motion to apply for Judicial Review.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 The grounds on which the Applicant seeks review and an order for certiorari
 to remove into this court and quash the decision of the Disputes Committee are:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\insrsid13044053 (i)\tab }{\insrsid1975385\charrsid13044053 the Disputes Committee failed to give any reasons for its decision;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\insrsid1975385\charrsid13044053 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\insrsid13044053 (ii)\tab }{\insrsid1975385\charrsid13044053 that the decision of the Disputes Committee to award 50% of the First Interested Respondent\rquote s be
nefit for the period 20th October 2000 to 8th April 2001 was irrational having regard to the substance of the complaint against the First Interested Respondent and further, that the Disputes Committee did not have any power to make an award of 50% of the 
First Interested Respondent\rquote s benefit set out above.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
The affidavit of Mr. Patrick Wong the General Manager of the Applicant sworn on the 9th of August 2001 annexes to it statements from employees of the Applicant which if true support the Applicant\rquote s case.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 An affidavit in Reply on behalf of the Respondents denies the matters alleged on behalf of the Applicant.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
But the affidavits filed on behalf of the Applicant namely that of Sada Siwan the Manager of the Applicant and Mr. Patrick Wong satisfy me that the 
Applicant has at least established an arguable case and I therefore grant leave for it to apply for Judicial Review.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par No submissions have been filed on behalf of the Respondents but Mr. Sahadeo Singh an Acting Senior Labour Officer in the Industrial Relations Department swore an affidavit on the 12th of September 2001 on behalf of the Respondents.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
In paragraph 27 Mr. Singh states that the decision to award 50% benefit to Ms Labalaba was arrived at by consensus.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
Further it was made within the stipulated ter
ms of reference of the Disputes Committee whose decision is deemed to be an award of the Permanent Arbitrator and is binding on the parties to the dispute by virtue of section 5(4) of the Trade Disputes Act Cap. 97.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 I agree that unless there are reasons to the contrary that statement is true as a matter of law.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
However in my judgment there is a very strong reason for disallowing the decision of the Disputes Committee, namely that in awarding a 50% benefit to Ms Labalaba the Committee went outside its terms
 of reference and that consequently its decision is a nullity.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
Any administrative act or order which is ultra vires in the sense of being beyond the powers of the decision-maker to make is void in law, i.e. deprived of legal effect.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 The Committee was given power only to re-instate the First Respondent without loss of benefits.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 However it had no power to re-instate her to her former position }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 and}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234  be paid 50% of her benefit from the 20th of October 2001 to the 8th of April 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 I therefore hold that the decision of the Disputes Committee must be set aside and quashed on the ground that it went beyond its terms of reference.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 I am also satisfied that the Committee erred in not giving reasons for its decision.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 Like most Puisne judges, perh
aps a fortiori Acting Judges, I am naturally reticent in mentioning one of my own judgments to support my holding here that the Committee should have given reasons.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 However, the Applicant cites my judgment in }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 State v. Transport Control Board and Pacific Tr
ansport Ltd - Ex-parte: Mohammed Jalil Khan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par HBJ0027 of 1994 in which I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 quoted from Professor Wade in his Administrative Law, Sixth Edition on page 547 where he said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 \'93A right to reasons is therefore an indispensable part of a sound system of judicial review.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 Natural justice may provide the best rubric for it, since the giving of reasons is required by the ordinary man\rquote 
s sense of justice.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 Earlier in HBJ No. 2 of 1991 }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 Sydney Wright v. Minister for Immigration}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234  I had said that increasingly the courts were holding that Arbitration Tribunals should give reasons for their decisions where possible.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 In the instant case I am satisfied that where a decision to dismiss an employee for an arguably serious breach of her employment conditions was overruled the Disput
es Committee should have given at least brief reasons for disallowing the dismissal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
Because it gave no reasons I also uphold this ground for Judicial Review. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 The order of the Court therefore is that the decision of the Disputes Committee of the 9th of A
pril 2001 is quashed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid525234  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid525234 The Respondents must pay the Applicant\rquote s costs which I fix at $750.00.
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid13044053 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13044053 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid13044053 JOHN E. BYRNE
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13306716 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13044053\charrsid13044053 JUDG}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid13044053 E}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1975385\charrsid13306716 
\par }}