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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529\charrsid273529 AT SUVA}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529\charrsid273529 APPELLATE JURISDICTION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 CIVIL APPEAL NO. 0011 OF 2001
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529\charrsid273529 Between:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 DEO MATI
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529\charrsid273529 And}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529 :}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 JAGDISH PRASAD
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par Mr. T. Fa for the Appellant
\par Respondent in Person
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 This is an appeal against the judgment of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 Resident Magistrate, Nausori}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  in which he awarded the respondent the sum of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 $3,000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
 plus costs.
\par 
\par The undisputed facts of the case are that the appellant was lawfully married to the respondent\rquote s uncle in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 1968}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
 and they cohabited as husband and wife for }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 8 years}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  until }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
1976}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  when they became estranged and since then have separated and lived apart.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
On the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 1st February 2000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  the respondent\rquote s uncle died
 leaving the appellant the sole nominated beneficiary of the monies standing to his credit with the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 Fiji National Provident Fund}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 , a sum in excess of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 $11,000.00 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
which has been paid out to the appellant.
\par 
\par It is common ground that the appellant contributed nothing towards her late husband\rquote s funeral expenses which were all met by the respondent allegedly on a promise by the appellant to reimburse him the funeral expenses.
\par 
\par The respondent\rquote s claim in the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 Magistrate Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  was for }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 `expenses incurred on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 (the appellant\rquote s)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
 behalf over the funeral and related expenses of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 (the appellant\rquote s) }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 husband ......\rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par 
\par The appellant for her part, whilst admitting being estranged from her husband in excess of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 `18 years before his death\rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  denied owing any money to the respondent or agreeing to reimburse him her late husband\rquote s funeral expenses.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 In reply, the respondent avers that }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 `...... $4,300.00 was spent upon instructions by the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 (appellant) }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 that she would reimburse }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 (him) }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 after claiming the F.N.P.F. of her late husband.\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par 
\par At the trial the respondent gave evidence in support of his claim and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 called two }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 (2) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 witnesses.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
He also produced a letter from the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 Ministry of Health}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  outlining the circumstances under which he uplifted his uncle\rquote 
s body from the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 C.W.M. Hospital}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  mortuary }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 (Ex.3)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
Details of the funeral expenses incurred by the respondent in attending to his uncle\rquote s funeral arrangements were also provided at the trial }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 (Ex.5)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 .
\par 
\par The appellant in her evidence denied any agreement or promise to reimburse the respondent for her late husband\rquote s funeral expenses.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
She also called her daughter as a witness.
\par 
\par The trial magistrate in a short judgment upholding the larger part of the respondent\rquote s claim, said (at }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 p.33}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
 of the record}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529\charrsid273529 ):}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529\charrsid273529 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid273529 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 `}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 (The appellant) }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 admitted she did not contribute any money to her late husband\rquote 
s funeral, and it is only fair, that she should at least show her husband that she cares for this death, otherwise she would be indebted to her late husband, until the end of time.\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par No specific findings were made about the existence or otherwise of an agreement to reimburse the funeral expenses incurred by the respondent, }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 nor}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  was any finding made as to the credibility of the parties or their}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 witnesses.

\par 
\par In the result, counsel for the appellant forcefully submits that }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 `The judgment is about morality and not based on the evidence or relevant findings.\rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 Counsel was unable however, to assist the court as the question of whether or not a le
gal wife had a duty to bury her husband but conceded that : }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 `strictly speaking the respondent should be reimbursed from the estate.\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 I note however that neither the appellant or her counsel has challenged the amount awarded to the respondent.
\par 
\par In the absence of any specific findings the task of this Court is a difficult but not impossible one in so far as }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 Order XXXVII Part VI}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 rule 18}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  of the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 Magistrate Court Rules}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  dealing with the powers of this court on an appeal from the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 Magistrates Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  states (inter alia) :
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid273529 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
`The appellate court may, ......, make any order necessary for determining the real question in controversy in the appeal, ......, and, generally shall have as full a jurisdiction over the whole proceedings as if the proceeding had been instituted an
d prosecuted in the appellate court as a court of first instance, and may rehear the whole case ......\rquote 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 Furthermore counsel for the appellant accepted that it was }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
`proper for the court to determine the case because the court has power to make its own findings on the record as it stands.\rquote 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 In this regard I am further fortified by the words of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 Lord Halsbury}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 Riekmann v. Thierry}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 (1896) 14 R.P.C.105}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 [ cited with approval in }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 Benmax v. Austin Motor Co. Ltd}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 (1955) A.C.370 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 ], where his lordship said :
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid273529 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 `The hea
ring upon appeal is a rehearing ...... Upon appeal from a judge where both fact and law are open to appeal, it seems to me that the appellate tribunal is bound to pronounce such judgment as in their view ought to have been pronounced in the Court from whi
ch the appeal proceeds ......\rquote 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 In this regard without the benefit of oral testimony, I nevertheless unhesitatingly accept the respondent\rquote s evidence concerning the appellant\rquote 
s oral agreement or promise to reimburse him the funeral expenses incurred by him in attending to the cremation of the appellant\rquote s late husband.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 In doing so I am mindful that this evidence is directly corroborated by the respondent\rquote s witnesses in several material respects and the amount expended is not denied.
\par 
\par As for the appellant\rquote s evidence that at the relevant time she was able to pay for the funeral expenses (at }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 p.31}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
 of the record), not only is this evidence contradicted by an averment in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 para.5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  of the }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 Statement of Defence}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
filed personally by the appellant before the trial, but it is materially inconsistent with the recollection of the appellant\rquote s daughter concerning the same conversation (at }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 p.32}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  of the record) and which latter evidence is independantly and partially corroborated by the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 C.W.M. Hospital}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  letter }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 (Ex.5)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  which was not challenged.
\par 
\par Whatsmore in a case which is factually very similar to the present case }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 albeit}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  that the roles are reversed, namely }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 Ambrose v. Kerrison}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 (1851) 84 R.R.775}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 Jervis Ch.J.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
in words that are equally applicable to the present case, said at }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 p.777/778}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  :
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid273529 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
`...... the point for our consideration simply is, whether a husband living apart from his wife is liable to a third person for expenses incurred by him for the decent and suitable interment of his wife.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529 
 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 There can be no question that an under-taker who performs a funeral may recover from the executor of the deceased }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
(having assets) }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 the reasonable and necessary expenses of such funeral, without any specific contract. ...... I think that the same rea
sons ...... casts at least an equal responsibility on the husband of a deceased wife, and, without any express authority or request on his part, compel him to recoup one who has performed the funeral.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 I see no difference in principal between the case of an undertaker and that of a third person who takes upon himself to employ and to pay the undertaker.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273529  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
If, therefore, the circumstances of this case would cast a duty on the husband to pay an undertaker, ...... which I think they do, ...... this plaintiff, though a volunteer, is equally entitled to maintain an action against the husband for the money paid.
\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 A fortiori}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
 in the present case where the appellant despite her twenty odd years estrangement from her late husband has received what might be described as a }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 `windfall\rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529  from his estate.
\par 
\par For the foregoing reasons this appeal is dismissed with costs which are summarily assessed at }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 $100.00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 .
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 (D.V. Fatiaki)
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid273529 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2441155\charrsid273529 At Suva,
\par 5th February, 2002.
\par }}