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HBJ 0001 OF 2001 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 STATE}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126\charrsid8797126 V}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 .}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14697247 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 THE PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126\charrsid8797126 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 AND OTHERS}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14697247 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14697247 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14697247 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14697247 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid14697247 EX-PARTE}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 :}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14697247 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14697247 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14697247 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 SALOTE SENITOTO RABUKA \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par M.B. Patel for the Applicant \par S. Banuve for the Respondents \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 Dates of Hearing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126\charrsid8797126 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 19th April, 14th August 2001 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 Date of Judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126\charrsid8797126 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 30th January 2002 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126\charrsid8797126 JUDGMENT}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 The Applicant applies fo r Judicial Review of the decision of the Public Service Commission given on the 6th of October 2000 to promote one Ram Chandar to the position of Chief Education Officer, Curriculum and Advisory Services in the Education Department from the 3rd of January 2000 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8918655 and the Commission\rquote s failure to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 appoint the Applicant to that position.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 She seeks orders for certiorari and Mandamus and a declaration that the decision of the Public Service Commission was unreasonable, biased and in breach of the principles of fairness. \par \par The post to which the Applicant sought appointment is a non-appealable one under the Public Service Commission (General) Regulations 1999 and consequently required the Commission to exercise the greatest care and fairness in making an appointment.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 Th e Applicant contends that it did not because her qualifications and experience were higher than those of Ram Chandar and secondly her application was more meritorious than that of Mr. Chandar. \par \par It is not disputed that the Applicant has higher academic qualifications in education than Mr. Chandar.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 She was awarded the Queensland Institute of Educational Administration Award for academic excellence and achievement in the study of educational administration at Griffth University.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 She is also the most senior Principal Education Officer in the Curriculum and Advisory Services Section and the Ministry Headquarters as a whole.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 She was appointed Principal Education Officer on 22nd February 1989 whereas Mr. Ram Chandar was so appointed on the 16th of December 1991.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 She has had much experience in computer education and as at the 2nd of January 2001 controlled an annual budget of nearly $2 million. \par \par The qualifications of Ram Chandar by comparison are that he had approximately 2 years less teaching experience than the Applicant but more than 12 years experience in curriculum development work.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 The advertisement in the Government Gazette inviting applications for the position was in the following terms: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \'93}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGY}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 1091/99}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 CHIEF EDUCATION OFFICER [CURRICULUM &}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 ADVISORY SERVICES]}{ \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 Responsible to the Deputy Secretary [Professional] and the Permanent Secretary on matters relating to Curriculum and Advisory Services Unit. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 Duties involve the co-ordination of development work in the primary and secondary curriculum division including public examinations, school broadcasting matters and work of the Resources Centre in the Ministry.}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 Monitoring the implementation of policies in the divisions and providing advise to the Deputy Secretary and Permanent Secretary on various issues concerned. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 Qualifications}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 : }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 A graduate with specialist degree with at least thirteen year\rquote s service or a graduate with non-specialist degree with at least eighteen year\rquote s service or a non-graduate with at least twenty one year\rquote s service including in each case at least three year\rquote s service at principal level.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 Previous experience with policy matters and the assessed ability to give advice to the Permanent Secr etary at political level and have had experience in negotiations/discussions with senior staff of government and non-government agencies.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 Applicants should possess well rounded forceful personalities with proven intellectual capacity and a willingness and ability to take far reaching decisions. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 Salary: US03 : $40,043 - $50,429.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par He had also served as a part-time lecturer at the University of the South Pacific\rquote s School of Humanities in two courses which were both relevant to curriculum work. \par \par The Respondents contend that the work of the Applicant has largely been in computer education which it is said has little to do with actual curriculum work. \par \par The Respondents admit that the Applicant has higher academic qualifications than Mr. Chandar and was rated higher than Mr. Chandar in that she has a Masters Degree although she was not the only Applicant for the post who held a Masters Degree. \par \par The Respondents point out that academic qualification is but one component of the requirements assessed for the position o f Chief Education Officer (Curriculum and Advisory Services) because a non-graduate may also be considered for the position provided he has had the requisite 21 years of service with 3 years service at least in the Principal level.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 Furthermore the Responde nts argue that the Applicant had very little practical experience in curriculum work whereas the Fourth Respondent, Chandar had been directly involved in this work for over 12 years and had headed the Curriculum \par \par Development Unit as its Principal Education Officer since 1991 responsible for Secondary Curriculum in Fiji.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par \par At my request the Respondents filed the record of the decision of the Commission and its panelists\rquote assessments of the various Applicants after their interview.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 Their comments on the merits of the Applicant and Mr. Chandar are as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \'93The merits of the two officers, Mrs. Rabuka and Mr. Ram Chandar are considered equal.}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 Although Mrs. Rabuka is highly qualified in view of her Masters in Education, compared to degree certificate of Mr. Chandar\rquote s.}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 On the other hand Mr. Chandar has spent more years in the Curriculum Division, starting when he was a Senior Education Officer until to-date at Principal Education Officer level and currently acting as Chief Education Officer.}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 He has spent over a period of 12 years in CDU and currently acting as head, provides him the leverage as having a better knowledge of the core functional responsibilities of the post and the unit.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 The appointment of Mr. Chandar will also narrow the ethnic parity in the grade and in the Service.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 In a Supplementary Affidavit Anare Jale the Secretary to the Public Service Commission states in paragraph 5: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \'93That I wish to reiterate t hat in arriving at their decision, the Commission carefully and objectively assessed the merit, the academic qualification and work experience of the applicant.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 I would also clarify that time was taken to ensure that all procedures were followed and due co nsideration was given towards the recruitment and promotion policy and principles set out under Section 140 of the Constitution.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 I attached and mark as exhibit \'93AJ7" the Commission Submission on vacancy no. 1091/99 which sets out the criteria, procedures and recommendations in the selection of candidates to the said post.\'94}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par As is so often the case where a person has failed to obtain a promotion and genuinely believes he or she has been the victim of an injustice as a result of that failure the person seeks relief from the Courts in an attempt to remedy the alleged injustice. \par \par Unfortunately at times the Courts have to refuse relief on the ground that considering all the evidence they are forced to conclude that no injustice has been done to the person seeking relief. \par \par In this case I have come to that conclusion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 I do not propose to deal at any length with the numerous cases on Judicial Review which have been cited to me in the submissions of the parties but it is useful to note the remarks of Brennan J. in }{ \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 Attorney-General (N.S.W.) V/ Quin}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 (1990) 170 CLR 1 at p.35 when his Honour referred to the exercise of administrative powers.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 He said: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \'93 The question can be put quite starkly: when an administrative power is conferred by the legislature on the executive and its lawful exercise is apt to disappoint the expectations of an individual, what is the jurisdiction of the courts to protect that individual\rquote s legitimate expectations against adverse exercises of the powers?}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 I have no doubt that the answer is: none, Judic ial Review provides no remedies to protect interests, falling short of enforceable rights, which are apt to be affected by the lawful exercise of executive or administrative power.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 If it were otherwise, the courts would be asserting a jurisdiction, in prot ection of individual interests, to override the law by which a power to affect those interests is conferred on the repository.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 In }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 Anuradha Charan v. Public Service Commission & Others}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 Civil Appeal No. 2 of 1992 the Court of Appeal said: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \'93The Commission must evaluate evidence of all aspects of the candidate\rquote s abilities, qualifications and attitudes.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 Having done so, they are left with a discretion to decide the suitability of a candidate for the post under consideration.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 That discretion must include the right to decide, if based on proper grounds, that despite fulfilling all the stated qualification, the candidate may still not be suitable.\'94}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 Initially the Respondents refused to give reasons for their decision but as a result of my direction the Court now has those reasons before it.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 They satisfy me that although naturally the Applicant believes she has cause to complain, considering the evidence I cannot agree.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 In my judgment the Public Service Commission had to make a choice between two persons with broadly similar qualifications and experience.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 On balance it considered Mr. Chandar was the better choice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 In my judgment its decision was not so patently unreasonable that it should be overturned.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 I am satisfied that the Applicant was given a fair hearing by the Commission and its panelists.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 For these reasons I dismiss the application for Judicial Review but make no order for costs. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8797126 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 JOHN E. BYRNE \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7814609 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126\charrsid8797126 JUDG}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid8797126 E}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315190\charrsid7814609 \par }}