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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848\charrsid9848848 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 Civil Action No.: HBC}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848\charrsid9848848 0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 342 of 2002
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 BETWEEN:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848\charrsid9848848 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848\charrsid9848848 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 BILO LIMITED
\par GRAHAM BRUCE SOUTHWICK AND
\par MARGARET IRENE SOUTHWICK
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 Plaintiffs
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848\charrsid9848848 AND}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 :}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848\charrsid9848848 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848\charrsid9848848 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 CAMIRA HOLDINGS LIMITED
\par LAMI TOWN COUNCIL
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 Defendants
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par Mr. N. Prasad}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848\charrsid9848848  - }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 Counsel for the Plaintiffs
\par Mr. S. Lateef}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848\charrsid9848848  - }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 Counsel for the 1st Defendant
\par Mr. K. Muaror}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848\charrsid9848848  - }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 Counsel for the 2nd Defendant
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 DECISION
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\par By summons dated 19th August 2002 the plaintiffs are seeking}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par 
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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 an injunction restraining the first defendant from undertaking or c
arrying out any building works whatsoever relating to the extension of the existing building on its land at 107 Queens Road, Lami.
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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
an order that the second defendant revokes the building permit it issued to the first defendant and to forthwith issue a stop notice.
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\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 costs of the action.
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\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 FACTS}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 :
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The plaintiffs and the first defendant are lessees of residential properties in Lami close to the Tradewinds Hotel.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The second plaintiff\rquote s property is on top of a small hill, the first plaintiff\rquote s at bottom of the hill with a sea frontage.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 In between the two is the land of the first defendant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The residence of the second plaintiff is not visible from the first defendants\rquote  property due to nature of terrain and prolific growth of trees around the area.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 Only the roof of the first plaintiff\rquote s house is visible from the first defendant\rquote 
s residence again due to nature of terrain and trees.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
The first defendant had some time either in February or March 2002 (the exact time cannot be pinpointed) began to carry out certain extension to his dwelling house without proper approval.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 Later this was rectified.
\par 
\par The plaintiffs\rquote  first complain is that the first defendant has not provided adequate setback from the boundary, in other words he is building too close to the boundary in breach of the regulations.
\par 
\par The parties agree that the setback at present is two meters from the boundary.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
It is also agreed that the minimum regulated setback for single storey building is 1.8 meters from the side boundary and 3 meters for a two}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 storey building.
\par 
\par On 21st August 2002 Justice Scott had granted a very limited interlocutory injunction restraining the first defendant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
not to progress any works within three meters of the boundary until further order of this Honourable Court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 At the time he had only the affidavit in support of the motion before him.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 SINGLE STOREY OR TWO STOREY}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 :
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The parties agree that the continuation of that injunction will depend on the resolution of the issue whether the proposed extension is a single}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 storey or two}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 -}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 storey and any preliminary view the court has about this issue.
\par 
\par The court has the advantage of having before it a number of affidavits including photographs of the proposed building and diagrams of houses.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 I had the advantage of visiting the site with counsels, parties and some of the deponents to the affidavits.
\par 
\par The properties in question are within Lami Town boundary.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The word }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 storey}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
 is not defined in the Town Planning Act 1978 Cap 138 nor in the Public Health Act nor in the Town Planning Scheme General Provisions 1999 all of which were referred to in the affidavits and the submissions.
\par 
\par The issue before the court is whether the word }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 storey}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848  in the General Provisions 1999 is used in its simple meaning or given an artificial meaning.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 To understand the meaning one has to look at the subject matter in respect of which the word is used. 
\par 
\par A rather interesting discussion of such approach was considered by the House of Lords in }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 GRANT v. LANGTON}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
 1900 A.C. 383 where when discussing the meaning of the word }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 '}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 house}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848  Lord Earl of Halsbury at page 390 said as follows}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9848848 \b\i\f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 '}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 A hundred years ago there was not much difficulty in saying what was a \lquote house\rquote 
 but builders and architects have so altered the construction of houses, and the habits of the people have so altered in relation to them
 that the word is no longer the expression of a simple idea; but to ascertain its meaning one must understand the subject matter with respect to which it is used in order to arrive at the sense in which it is employed in a statute.}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 '}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 \f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
The Town Planning Act and the General Provisions deal with a host of specialized matters in relation to orderly and controlled development of towns and rural areas.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The schedule to the Town Planning Act (Section 7 and 8) relates to matters which may be dealt with by General Provisions.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
At the stage of planning, town planners, engineers and architects have a significant role to play and references they use therefore become important in interpreting meanings or giving sense to a word.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par Stuart Huggett who is a registered architect of considerable experience in his affidavit sworn on 20th September 2002 deposed that the Home Building Manual and the Town Planning Act are silent as to the definition of the word \lquote storey\rquote .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 However, he deposed that the current basement in first defendant\rquote 
s extension work is capable of becoming a habitable space without building any additional structure and therefore is a storey on its own.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 He considered habitability as the criterion for deciding the issue of storey.
\par 
\par Vijay Sharma who is also an architect swore an affidavit on 20th August 2002.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
In it he attached examples of different types of buildings which he uplifted from the Fiji Building Code.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
From that he concluded that the proposed extension was one}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 storey.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 In his additional affidavit sworn on 29th August 2002 he annexed an extract from New Zealand Builders Code to support his conclusions.
\par 
\par The Town Planning Act deals with development schemes, zones etc.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 It lays guidelines which an intending developer must follow.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The plans for home are approved by Town Councils and Rural Local Authorities.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The General Provisions outline and fix certain standards so there is uniformity and some semblance of certainty.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The Town Councils and Rural Local Authorities have an important function to perform in approving plans.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 They have to interpret the General Provisions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
The architects, builders and engineers too are guided by General Provisions.
\par 
\par Reference was made to Fiji Building Code.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 That code again does not define the word \lquote storey\rquote .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 However, it contained examples in outline form of what a single storey and two storey house look like.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The New Zealand Building Code also gives outlines of what a single and two storey look like.
\par 
\par One common thread which emerges from inspection of outlines in the two codes is that if the bottom floor or base of the building is on a slope and excavations are not done to even or level the slope then the building is described as a single storey.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The terrain appears to be the decisive factor in distinguishing the single storey from the two storey.
\par 
\par The New Zealand Code is more detailed in one significant way.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 It contains the description not definition of single storey as follows
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 '}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
Single storey buildings may include a part storey basement or a part storey in the roof space.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 Single storey buildings
 shall be supported on any one or a combination of the following foundation structures}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 :}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 Piles
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 Foundation walls
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 Concrete s}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 -}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 Pab on ground.}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 '}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par This is a description not a definition.
\par 
\par In the case before me the extension done is on sloping ground.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 There are pi
les constructed on the lower end of the slope and upper end of floor is resting on the ground.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
There is a septic tank on the ground where extension is carried out; there is hardly any ventilation from three sides.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
It is a most unlikely place for human habitation especially with a septic tank thrown in.
\par 
\par In the absence of any definition, the diagrams given in the Building Codes provide the best guidance as to what constitutes and what does not constitute a single storey or two storey structure.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The situation before me is akin to that of an elephant }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
 being able to describe it but not define it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The word storey appears to have a unique meaning when used in General Provisions.

\par 
\par Having visited the site and having seen the photographs and various diagrams in the 
Building Codes I am of the view, in light of material before me now, that this is a single storey extension and therefore the proper setback is at least 1.8 meters not 3 meters. 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 CONSENT OF DIRECTOR}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 :
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 Mr. Nilesh Prasad, Counsel for the Plaintiff further s
ubmitted that the defendants breached Section 7(3) of the Town Planning Act because consent of the Director of Town and Country Planning was not obtained.
\par 
\par Section 7(1) and (3) read as follows}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1418\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9848848 \b\i\f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 '}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 7.}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  -}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 \tab (1)\tab 
Subject to the provisions of this action, the permi
ssion of the local authority shall be required in respect of any development of land carried out within a town planning area during the period before a scheme affecting such area has been finally approved.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 (3)\tab The local authority shall not grant or refuse
 permission under this section without the prior consent of the Director and the Director may approve such grant or refusal either unconditionally or subject to conditions and may prohibit such grant or refusal.}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 ' }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 (Substituted by 14 of 1961, s. 4.)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par The setback on the ground is 2 meters.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
If the first defendant had requested for a setback below the minimum standard that is less than 1.8 meters, then the consent of Director would be required.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 There was no need for dispensation from the approved scheme and hence no consent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 Gillian Margaret Hugget who swore the affidavit on 16th August 2002 on behalf of the plaintiff was of the view that the building was two}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 storey and therefore proper setback was 3 meters.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 This is the reason why she thought that dispensation from Director of 
\par 
\par Town and Country Planning was required.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 I am of the view no such consent is necessary.
\par 
\par Reference was made to Fiji Building Code.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 That code again does not define the word \lquote storey\rquote .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 However, it contained examples in outline forms of what a single storey and two storey look like.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The New Zealand Building Code also gives outlines
\par 
\par What is to happen to the injunction.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
An interim injunction is a temporary and an exceptional remedy available before rights of parties have been fully determined.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 In
 the present case the interim injunction granted was in absence of any affidavits filed by defendants and before the court was appraised of nature of case for the defendants.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The plan for extension has now been approved by Lami Town Council, the controlling authority.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The first defendant has already carried out substantial portion of work.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The real issue is of balance of convenience.
\par 
\par In AMERICAN }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 CYANAMID}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848  CO. v. ETHICON LTD. [1975] 1 ALL ER 504 at p. 511 Lord Diplock said}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9848848 \b\i\f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 '}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 If the extent of the uncompensat
able disadvantage to each party would not differ widely, it may not be improper to take into account in tipping the balance the relative strength of each party\rquote s case revealed by the affidavit evidence adduced at the hearing.}{
\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848 '}{\i0\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par From this quote it appears it is proper for courts to look at the relative strength of parties\rquote  case as disclosed by affidavits.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The only caution would be not to engage in any prolonged investigation at this interlocutory stage.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 Interlocutory applications arise all of a sudden and are meant to be disposed off quickly so any prolonged investigation is unwise.
\par 
\par I am of the view that the balance of convenience lies heavily in favour of dissolving the interim injunction granted on 21st August 2002.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 The interim injunction is dissolved.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9848848  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 Wit
h costs to be in the cause.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 \{ Jiten Singh \}
\par JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 
\par }\pard\plain \s5\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 \f1\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 At Suva

\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9848848 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid405741\charrsid9848848 4th October 2002
\par }}