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blake_r}{\creatim\yr2006\mo4\dy20\hr8\min55}{\revtim\yr2006\mo4\dy20\hr8\min55}{\version2}{\edmins0}{\nofpages4} {\nofwords1055}{\nofchars6017}{\*\company USP}{\nofcharsws7058}{\vern16391}}\margl1440\margr1440 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\notabind\wraptrsp\transmf\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\truncatefontheight\subfontbysize\sprsbsp\wpjst\lytprtmet\hyphcaps0\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3 \jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale100\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot5047515 \fet0\sectd \sbknone\linex0\headery1440\footery1440\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5047515\sftnbj {\header \pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\pvpara\posx0\posy0\absw9361\nowrap\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12414268 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 45 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f40\fs24}}} {\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid12414268 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12414268 4}}}{\insrsid12414268 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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT SUVA \par MISCELLANEOUS JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 CRIMIN}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 AL MISCELLANEOUS ACTION NO: HAM0}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 029 OF 2002 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 Between:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949\charrsid15798949 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949\charrsid15798949 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 MAHESH RAO \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 Applicant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 And:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949\charrsid15798949 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949\charrsid15798949 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 THE STATE \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 Respondent \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 \par Counsel:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 Mr M. Raza for Applicant \par Ms K. Bavou for Respondent \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 Hearing: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 26th July 2002 \par Ruling:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 29th July 2002 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949\charrsid15798949 RULING}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 Background \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 On 20th May 2002 the Applicant was convicted of Larceny under section 259 of the Penal Code.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 He had been charged with an offence under section 309(a) of the Penal Code, of Obtaining by False Pretences.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 The learned Magistrate convicted of the lesser offence under section 182 of the Criminal Procedure Code.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 He was sentenced to two years imprisonment on 4th July 2002. He now applies for bail pending appeal, on the ground that his appeal is clearly meritorious. \par \par The charge in the Magistrates Court read as follows: \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 Statement of Offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 OBTAINING MONEY BY FALSE PRETENCE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 : Contrary to section 309(a) of the Penal Code Act 17. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 Particulars of Offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 MAHESH RAO s/o Krishna between 25th day of April, 1999 and 4th day of May, 1999 at Suva in the Central Division with intent to defraud obtained $6,000.00 in cash from Bidya Wati Lal d/o Ram Latchan by falsely pretending that he was in a position to arrange her family migration visa to Australia. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 \par Although the court record is not available, the facts of the case are set out in the judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 An advertisement was lodged in the Fiji Times by Jay}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f40\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 s Travel Agent offering to assist people to emigrate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 The complainant, Bidya Wati, rang the number advertised and spoke to the Applicant who apparently told her he could get her a visa within 8 months.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 She was asked to send him personal documents and to pay $2,000 for each family member.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 On 23rd April 2001 (this may be a typing error, the date may be 1999), Ms Wati visited the Applicant and paid him (in the office of Jay}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f40\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 s Travel Agent) the sum of $4,000 in cash.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 She was given a receipt for the payment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 Ms Wati}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f40\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 s husband was present when payment was made. \par \par A week later the Applicant telephoned Ms Wati and her husband asking for a further $2,000, to pay for Police and medical clearance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 Ms Wati sent a further $2,000 by telegraphic transfer on the 3rd of May 1999. \par \par After eight months Ms Wati contacted the Applicant but was unable to speak to him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 She made enquiries at the Australian High Comm ission about her visa.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 She did not receive any approval of her visa.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 She then reported the matter to the police in September 2000. \par \par The proprietor of Jays}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f40\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 Travel Agency, said that his firm did provide migration services and that the Applicant was in charge of those services.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 He said that the Applicant stopped working for the firm in 2000, and that he, the proprietor knew nothing of the money paid to the Applicant by Ms Wati and her husband. \par \par The Applicant in an unsworn statement said that he had never handled finances and that he was only an employee of the Travel Agency.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 In his statement to the police, he had admitted signing the receipt for the initial payment of $4,000, but denied receiving any money from Ms Wati. \par \par In her judgment, the learned Magistrate accepted the evidence that the Applicant had received the $6,000 from Ms Wati and said }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f40\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 there has been no visa and no reasonable explanation why there was no visa obtained by PW1 to date.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 All that the defendant said in his defence is that he was an employee and did not handle the finances.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f40\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 The learned Magistrate then convicted of the lesser offence of larceny. \par \par In her sentence however, she said that the Applicant was convicted of the offence of Obtaining by False Pretence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 She sentenced him to two years imprisonment. \par \par The grounds of appeal include a ground that the Applicant was sentenced for the wrong offence, a ground that the conviction seems to be based on an inference that the Applicant stole from his employer, and a ground that there was no direction on the burden and standard of proof. \par \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 Principles}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 The grounds for granting bail pending appeal are that there must be exceptional circumstances, that the merits of the appeal may be relevant where the appeal has every chance of success, and that a substan tial portion of the term of imprisonment shall have been served when the appeal is heard (}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 Amina Begum Koya }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 -}{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 State}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 Criminal Appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 No. AAU0011.19}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 96S). \par \par The ground for this application is that the appeal has every chance of success.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 The State opposes the application although counsel conceded that there were some obvious errors on the face of the judgment and sentence. \par \par Section 182 indeed allows court to convict of the offence of larceny on a charge of obtaining by false pretence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 However, in order to so co nvict, the court must explain why a conviction under section 309 was not possible, which ingredients of that offence had not been proved beyond reasonable doubt, and why all the ingredients of larceny had been proved beyond reasonable doubt.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 I see no such explanation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 If the learned Magistrate was of the view that the Applicant had fraudulently converted monies that he ought to have paid to his employer, then she ought to have said so.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 However the basis of her decision appears to be that Ms Wati was the com plainant and that she believed her evidence that she had paid the Applicant the money. She also accepted the evidence of Ms Wati that no visa had been obtained.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 Of course, for a section 309 the question was whether at the time of obtaining, the complainant thought, as a result of false representations made to her by the Applicant, that he }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 could}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 obtain a visa for her.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 On the evidence of the proprietor of the Travel Agency, the firm did provide such services and that therefore was not a false pretence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 What his evidence showed if it was accepted, is that the Applicant took the money on behalf of his employer and kept it for his own use.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 The learned Magistrate therefore appears to have accepted, that the Applicant stole $6,000 from his employer. \par \par However, on the charge under section 309, his employer was not the complainant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 Could the learned Magistrate therefore convict of the lesser offence? The judgment does not indicate whether she considered this question, or indeed the ingredients of the offence of larceny in relation to the facts of the case. \par \par Further, there is no reference to the burden and standard of proof.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 The reference to the accused not providing any reasonable explanation, would appear to indicate that he had the burden of proving his innocence. \par \par Lastly the sentence which purports to be for the section 309 offence, is clearly wrong in law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 The Applicant was not convicted of the section 309 offence. \par \par The Applicant has therefore shown three grounds that appear to be clearly meritorious and to have every chance of success on full argument of the appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 For this reason, I accept that there are exceptional grounds to justify the grant of bail pending appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 I grant bail accordingly, in the Applicant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f40\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 s own recognisance in the sum of $2,000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15798949 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 He must appear in the High court at 9.30am on 25th August 2002 when this case will be listed for mention to set a hearing date. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 Nazhat Shameem \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 JUDGE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15798949 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5047515\charrsid15798949 \par At Suva \par 29th July 2002 \par }}