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{\title IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\author blake_r}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2006\mo4\dy20\hr15\min49}{\revtim\yr2006\mo4\dy20\hr15\min49}{\version2}{\edmins0}{\nofpages19}{\nofwords6420}{\nofchars36596}{\*\company USP}{\nofcharsws42931}{\vern16391}}
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid8224317 
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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8932856 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT LAUTOKA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8932856 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8932856 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 CIVIL ACTION NO. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8932856 HBC0}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 137 OF 1997
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8932856 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8932856 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 Between:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8932856 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8932856 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 RAM KARAN}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8932856 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 f/n Budhu Prasad}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8932856  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 trading as
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 RAM KARAN TYRES AND AUTO PANEL
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8932856 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8932856 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8932856 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8932856 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 THE NATIONAL INSURANCE COMPANY}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356\charrsid8932856  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 OF FIJI LIMITED
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 
\par Mr. A.K. Narayan for the Plaintiff
\par Mr. R. Smith for the Defendant
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8932856 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid8932856 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par The Plaintiff }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Ram Karan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 RK}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 ) claims against the Defendant }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Tower Insurance (Fiji) Limited}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 ) the sum of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 $52438.87}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
 under a policy of insurance dated 28 April 1994 (as subsequently renewed) (the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 policy}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 ) against loss or damage by fire,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
over stock in trade of tyres, tubes and general motor parts and accessories (the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 stock}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 ) situate in Bhamji Building, Main Street, Kings Road at Ba.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 16 April 1996}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  during the evening the stock wa
s destroyed by fire by reason whereof RK suffered loss and damage to the stock amounting to the sum of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 $52,438.87}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Although the loss was notified to the Company it has not paid RK the said sum.
\par 
\par By Writ of Summons issued in the High Court at Lautoka on 14 May 1997 the Plaintiff claims from the Company judgment for the said sum, damages, interest and costs.
\par 
\par Although this action commenced at Lautoka High Court, because of unavailability of judges there, it fell on me, as a Suva}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
based judge to hear it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The he
aring took place at Lautoka between 24 to 26 August 1999; continuation dates could not be given earlier than 26 February 2001 to 1 March 2001 because of my heavy commitment in a murder trial as Judge Advocate in a Court Martial.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The last of the written submissions as ordered were not filed until 10}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 April 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
Again because of my heavy commitments in Suva as a Civil Judge having to look after Labasa as well it was not possible to deliver judgment any earlier.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The pleadings and issues for determination}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15563629\charrsid13318356 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Amended Statement of Defence and Counterclaim
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15563629 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 1.\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 (a)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 first defence}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  is denial of the claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
Apart from admitting that the company insured RK under a policy of insurance subject to certain terms, conditions, exceptions and obligations it denies paragraphs 1,2 & 3 of the Statement of Claim.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 (b)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Although RK notified the Company of a fire, the company denies paragraph 4 of the Statement of Claim and says that it has no obligation to make any payment to RK.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13318356 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 second defence}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  is that the insured property was (i) deliberately lit; or (ii) set by or on behalf of the plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Therefore, the company says that it is not obliged to indemnify RK for his loss or any part of it.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13318356 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 third defence}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  is that in breach of the duty not to make any false statements in support of any claim under the policy of insurance, RK made }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 false statements}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  in support of his claim.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13318356 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 By way of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Counterclaim}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  the company seeks: (a) judgment for investigation costs in an amount to be fixed before trial; (b) interest and (c) costs on a solicitor client basis.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Reply to Defence and Counterclaim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13318356 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 RK joins issues with the Company upon its Defence save in so far as the same consists of admissions.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (f)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13318356 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 RK denies making any false statements or that particulars stated by the Company currently reflect the answers given by R.K. to }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Gary Luff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  who had questioned him }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 and in the alternative
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  if RK made any false statement as alleged, RK denies that the same entitles the Company to refuse to pay the claim.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (g)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13318356 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 As for the Counterclaim, RK denies its contents and denie
s that the Company has a reasonable cause of action or that it is entitled to the reliefs claimed.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Pre}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 trial conference under Or. 34 r.2}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par 
\par On 3 April 1994, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Lyons J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15563629  (who has since left Fiji}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
) made an Order dispensing the holding of a Pre}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 trial Conference under Order 34 r.2 of the High Court Rules 1988.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Plaintiff}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s evidence
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The policy was effective from 27 April 1995 to 27 April 1996.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
The sum insured was $60,000.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 RK operated the business under the style and name of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Ram Karan Tyres & Auto Panel}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  as the so
le proprietor thereof from shop premises in Main Street, King}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s Road, Ba in Bhamji Building leased from one Mohammed Bhamji at a rental of $300.00 per month.
\par 
\par As stated in the Statement of Claim, RK owned the business and the stock which was insured suffered damage in the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
Notification of the fire and the claim was given to the Company by his solicitors on 18 April 1996; a formal claim was lodged for the loss on or about 23 April 1996.
\par 
\par The loss was assessed by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Mr. Norman Pamberton}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  of Topliss Harding (SP) Limited on behalf of the Company.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 One of the Company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s officers }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Vimal Goundar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
 visited the shop after the fire on 18 April 1996 and submitted a report together with some photographs.
\par 
\par Because the Company did not pay the claim the present proceedings were instituted on 14 May 1997.
\par 
\par The plaintiff (PW1) was the principal witness who testified, inter alia, that he started his present business in 1994 assisted by his son.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
He took overdraft from Westpac Banking Corporation to run the business.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 He said that th
ere was a fire on 16 April 1996 in the ground floor of the property which he was renting as a shop.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
The PW1 described how the property was secured, among other things, with a security door.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
He closed for business at 5 p.m. on 16.4.96 (day of fire) and closed the back door himself; padlock was put on the grille door; the front door was padlocked.
\par 
\par At 6.15 pm he went to Tavua to his brother}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 law Gyan Chand}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s place; he had dinner there and some drinks.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
He said that his sister said that when he gets back to Ba to ring her to say if he has reached home safely and this he did from his shop and spoke to his brother}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 law for about 2 to 3 minutes.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 When he got home he guessed it was 9.30}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 pm or 9.40 pm and went off to sleep.
\par 
\par The plaintiff said that he did not find anything wrong in the shop when he went there to phone but he did not go to the rear of the shop.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
He was woken up by his son at about 11.30 pm.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 He went to the shop where he saw Police and lot of other people.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The fire had already been put out but smoke was there.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Police took him to the Police Station and obtained his statement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
Later insurance people came and police were with them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The PW1 found the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 screen ripped}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 , burglar bars pulled, and several louvre blades missing, rear door was open and the grille was also open.
\par 
\par The PW1 said that he told Mr. Luff that his business was doing well and he was making good profit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
He denied that either he or someone on his behalf set fire to the property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
He said that no fingerprint was taken from him by the Police and that he has not been charged for any criminal offence.
\par 
\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 PW2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Dharmendra Singh}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 ) a Bank Officer at Westpac testified that the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s account with the Bank was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 satisfactory}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 .
\par 
\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 PW3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Waisea Kadawa}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 ) the investigating Officer with many years of experience since 1975 said that he had done many investigations and that it is easy to open padlocks and put them back.
\par 
\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 PW4 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Gyan Chand}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 ) who is the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s brother}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 law corroborated the testimony of PW1 that he visited him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
He said that he left his home at between 9 and 10.00 pm.
\par 
\par The last witness for the plaintiff was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 PW5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
Anil Kumar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 ) an accountant, who testified as to the state of PW1's accounts.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Defendant}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s evidence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par 
\par It is the defence contention that the plaintiff (RK) deliberately destroyed the premises and its contents containing his business at Ba because the business was failing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Additionally, it raises the affirmative defence of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 false statements}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  in that RK deliberately lied to it in the course of the investigation into the fire.
\par 
\par Therefore, the learned counsel for the Company states that each of these defences provides independent grounds and stands alone on which the Company is entitled to decline indemnity.
\par 
\par The first witness for the Company was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Robert John Pole}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 DW1) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 a civil Engineer who testified that he visited the property after five o}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
clock in February 2000 with the object of looking at the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 tower bolts}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  of the inner side of the two doors viz. the main door and the grille door.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 He said that there was a tower bolt a little above the centre and a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 Y}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 ale}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  type night latch (key used from outside) and a tower bolt towards the bottom.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 He produced 11 photographs and described what they depicted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356\charrsid13318356 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The witness said that his second visit was on 22 February 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
As instructed he prepared a Plan with measurement of the rear of the property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 This was tendered as Exhibit D2.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 He described how a padlock works.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 In cross}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 examination he said that he could check the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 top tower bolt}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  but he did not check if }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 yale lock}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  was working.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 He did not see the bottom bolt through the window.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 He said that he had no idea what it was like on the day of the fire.
\par 
\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 DW2 Malakai Raseva}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 , a police officer said that he went to the property on 16 April 1996.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 When he went to the rear of the property he found a padlock open and hanging on tower bolt frame.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 He said that he could not see any sign of forcible entry at the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 back}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 .
\par 
\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 DW3 Viliame Mataika }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
the Billing Controller with Telecom Fiji, testified that a call was made from the telephone at the shop on 16 April 1996 at 10.24 pm to telephone No. 680153 for 58 seconds.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 This telephone belongs to the said Gyan Chand.
\par 
\par A fire Officer for 31 years }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Samuela Kaimaca (DW4)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  Station}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Officer testified that when he went to the scene of the fire at 8.00 am he saw some police officers there i
ncluding the said Dharmendra and Corporal Arun.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
He said he went there to ascertain the possible cause of fire and to report to police for investigation and this he did.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
The photographs and his Report he took are exhibits.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 He said that the fire would have b
een burning for 30 minutes before firemen arrived at 11.22 pm.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The witness }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Acting Inspector Arun Kumar (PW5)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
 testified that on the night of the fire he was called to the scene at after 11.00 pm and then again in the morning with two police officers.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The purpose of going to the scene was to investigate the cause of fire, how it started and to see the extent of damage.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The night before he found the back door open but he does not recall any padlock on the door.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 He did not find any }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 forceful entry}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  the next morning after closer inspection.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
He said that he found containers containing inflammable liquid in the shop.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 He interviewed the Plaintiff who denied the allegations.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 There was no evidence against anyone so the case was filed away and no action was taken.
\par 
\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 DW6 Abraham Pickering}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 , a fireman, found the backdoor open.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 He found only }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 one fire }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  no sign of burning in other parts}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 .
\par 
\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 DW7 Dharmendra Nath}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 , the fire Officer was in charge in respect of this fire.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 He said that he did not inspect the door at the back.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 He could not recall if there was a padlock on the grille door.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
He could not even recall if the louvres from the window were missing nor whether the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 fly screen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  was ripped out of the window.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
Also he could not recall if the burglar bars in the window were interfered with or not.
\par 
\par The last witness for the defendant was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Gary John Luff (DW8)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  an Insurance Investigator.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Upon instructions he interviewed the plaintiff at great length on the fire in the premises.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 His interview is an exhibit (Exhibit D9) in this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Mr. Smith pointed out to Court a number of answers to questions which the plaintiff gave when questioned by Luff endeavouring to prove that he made }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 false statements}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 .
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Consideration of the issues
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 I have before me for my consideration useful and comprehensive written submissions from both counsel in what was a lengthy trial with a large number of witnesses.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Counsel are to be commended for the amount of research and thought they have given to put their case before the Court.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Onus and standard of proof
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The burden of proof rests upon the defendant (the company) to establish its defences.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The defendant has to prove as stated by Mr. Smith either: that the fire was deliberately lit by the Plaintiff; }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 or}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  that the plaintiff has deliberately lied to the defendant in any matter relating to the claim; }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 or }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 that the plaintiff made statements to the defendant and was reckless as to whether they were correct or incorrect before the defendant will be entitled to decline indemni}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15563629 ty.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par It is accepted by the defendant that the standard of proof is higher than the civil standard, but not of the criminal level.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
The company accepts that it must prove arson and/or false statements with }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 clear and convincing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  evidence.
\par 
\par The guiding principles on the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 standard of proof}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  have been well set out in the following passage from the judgment of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Robertson J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
Luscombe v QBE Group (Investments) Ltd}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 No DC Civ}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 96}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 463 (1998) (Dist}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 rict Court of South Australia):}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 It is common ground that if I find that the plaintiff lit the fire then the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s claim must fail.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
It is accepted by the defendant that whilst the standard of proof required to discharge the onus is on the balance of probabilities, the degree of satisfaction which is required to meet the standard of proof must take into account 
the gravity of the allegations made by the defendant against the plaintiff. The defendant alleges that the plaintiff has committed arson.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Sheldon v Sun Alliance Australia Limited
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (1988}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 1990) 53 SASR at 133}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 134 the Full Court commented on the standard of proof in the following terms:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The standard of proof imposed on the respondent is proof on the balance of probabilities.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 In considering whether that standard has been met the court must, when a crime or quasi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 criminal conduct is suggested, remember and take into account the gravity of the offence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 There is no doubt about that.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
In my respectful opinion it has never been stated than it was by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Walters J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  in }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Lemmer v Bertram}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 (1971) 2 SASR 397}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 400.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Walter J}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  said:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Before canvassing the evidence, I propose to
 deal with the burden which the plaintiff must accept in proving a claim in a case such as this, where the facts alleged involve an element of criminal or quasi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 criminal conduct on the part of the defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
Although conduct of such kind is really in direc
t issue on the pleadings, it seems to me that I am bound by authority to hold that the ordinary civil rule as to sufficiency of proof is the proper rule to apply, namely, that the plaintiff must prove his case to my satisfaction on the balance of probabil
ities; cf }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Helton v Rllen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (1940) 63 CLR 691; }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
Rejfek v Mcelroy}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (1965) 112 CLR 517.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
Nevertheless, the standard of proof required to tilt the scales in favour of the plaintiff }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 may vary according to the gravity of the fact to be proved}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 This matter was discuss
ed by Dixon J (as he then was) in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Briginshaw v Bringinshaw}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (1938) 60 CLR 336 at 362, where the learned judge said:}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (emphasis added)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 But reasonable satisfaction is not a state of mind that is attained or established independently of the nature and consequence of the fact or facts to be proved.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 seriousness of an allegation made}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 , the inherent unlikelihood of an occurrence of a given description, or the gravity of the consequences flowing from a particular finding are considerations which must affect the 
answer to the question whether the issue has been proved to the reasonable satisfaction of the tribunal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 (emphasis added)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 I add a reference to the observations of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
Denning LJ}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (as he then was)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 in }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Bater v Bater}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  [1951] P 35, at 37, where his Lordship said:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 In civil cases, the case may be proved by a preponderance of probability, but there may be degrees of probability within that standard.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The degree depends on the subject}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 matter.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 A civil court, when considering a charge of fraud, will naturally require for
 itself a higher degree of probability than that which it would require when asking if negligence is established.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
It does not adopt so high a degree as a criminal court, even when it is considering a charge of a criminal nature; but still it does require a degree of probability which is commensurate with the occasion}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
Whilst the authorities make it plain that the rule to be applied in a case such as the present one is that a court should require proof of the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s case merely on the balance of probabilities, the sufficiency of proof may well be affected by the presumption of innocence.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 As one of the probabilities of the case, the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 ordinary presumption of innocence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  cannot be excluded: cf }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Doe D Devine v Wilson}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (1855) 10 Moo 502 at 531; 14 ER 581 at 592; }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Motchall v Massoud}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 [1926] VLR 273.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 I think, therefore, that even in a civil proceeding, the standard of proof cannot be disassociated from the subject}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 matter of the action and the nature of the allegations upon which it is based, particularly where, as here, the crime of assault is clearly charged on the pleadings.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 It seems to me that the unlikelihood of the defendant committing such a crime forms one of the elements which might be weighed.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 On the other hand, the presumption of innocence cannot shut out 
findings of fact which can and ought to be properly made on the evidence, or the inferences which can and ought to be drawn upon those findings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Indemnity policy}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par 
\par The claim is upon a Policy of Insurance which was current at the time of the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The Plaintiff was entitled to make the claim.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 It was an }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 indemnity}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  policy and the maximum liability of the defendant under the Policy was the sum insured, namely}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 $60,000.00.
\par 
\par On the law on the subject of indemnity, the following quotation from the judgment of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Megaw L.J.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  in}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  Leppard v Excess Insurance Co., Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (1979) 2 All E.R. 668 at 673 is apt:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Ever since the decision of this Court in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Castellain v Preston}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 , (1883 11 QBD 380) the general principle has been beyond dispute.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
Indeed, I think it was beyond dispute long before }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Castellain v Preston}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 .}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The insured may recover his actual loss, subject, of course, to any provision in the policy as to the maximum amount recoverable.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The insured may not recover more than his actual loss.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par As put by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Brett L.J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Castellain v Preston}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 :
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 In order to give my opinion upon this case, I feel obliged to revert to the very foundation of every rule which has been promulgated and acted on by the Courts with regard to insurance law.
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The very foundation in my opinion, of every rule which has b
een applied to insurance law is this, namely that the contract of insurance contained in a marine or fire policy is a }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 contract of indemnity}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 , and of indemnity only, and that this contract means that the assured, because of a loss against which the policy ha
s been made, shall be fully indemnified but shall never be more than fully indemnified.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
That is the fundamental principle of insurance, and if ever a proposition is brought forward which is at variance with it, that is to say which either will prevent the 
assured from obtaining a full indemnity, or which will give to the assured more than a full indemnity, that proposition must certainly be wrong.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 (emphasis added)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par It is not in dispute that RK}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
s said rented premises (hereafter referred to as the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 property}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 ) caught fire and damage was caused to the stock which RK says amounts to $52,438.87.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 There was a Fire Policy in force at the time of the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
The plaintiff now wants to be indemnified under the Policy for the loss suffered by him.
\par 
\par In this very lengthy case where voluminous evidence was adduced by both sides, a careful analysis of the whole of the evidence was required.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The facts relating to the circumstances which resulted in the fire can be ascertained from the brief outline of the evidence already stated hereabove.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
Hence it is not intended to reiterate the facts except to point out the salient features of the evidence to ascertain as to, inter alia, how the property caught fire.
\par 
\par Through the evidence adduced by the Company, it attempts to prove that RK (the plaintiff) himself destroyed the premises and its contents because his }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 business was failing}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 It further raises the defence that the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 plaintiff lied}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  to it during the investigation into the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 It says that both these defences are independent grounds and they stand alone.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
Hence the Company says that RK will not be entitled to indemnity if it (the Company) can prove either that the: (a) fire was deliberately lit by RK; or (b) that RK deliberately lied to the Company in any manner related to the claim; or
 that RK made statements to the Company and was reckless as to whether they were correct or incorrect.
\par 
\par This case does raise the question of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 credibility of the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  who denies lighting the fire.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Mr. Smith, the learned counsel for the company, has urged the Court to take into account RK}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
s conduct in the course of this case to decide whether he is an honest and credible witness.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Counsel referred to RK}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s evidence when he denied}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 that there was ever a second tower bolt on the rear door.
\par 
\par However, as Mr. Narayan says, the company must still discharge the onus of proof despite a lie, which is denied, told by RK or non}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
acceptance of his testimony}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 is not proof of arson.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Arson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par 
\par The defences in arson can be considered under three separate headings, called the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 arson triangle}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 , such as: }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 deliberate fire}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 , }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 opportunity}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  and }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 motive}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  
\par [}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Mc Quade v Sun Alliance Insurance}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
(1992)] 7 ANZ Insurance Cases 61}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 136 at p.77, 699.
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls3\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13318356 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Opportunity}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par It is the Company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
s contention that RK had the opportunity to light the fire because of the physical presence of the plaintiff at the shop close to the time when the fire is alleged to have started and he had the custody of the keys to the premises.
\par 
\par It is the defence contention that the fire was deliberately lit for if it was not RK then it was someone else who did it going by what RK said that it was possibly a competitor who did that.
\par 
\par Although RK says that he was at the building at 9.25 pm (going by his estimation of the time he saw on his brother}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 in}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s wall clock) a telephone call was proved to have been made from the premises at 10.25 pm. thus placing the RK at the scene of the fire at this time.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par 
\par Based on this alone there is no doubt that RK had the opportunity to light the fire at this time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 But is that enough to implicate him in a
ny way to the lighting of the fire?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
Looking at all the other evidence in this case I find that it would be too dangerous to do that in the absence of any other concrete evidence in this connection.
\par 
\par (ii)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Keys to the premises}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par 
\par As far as the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 keys to premises}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  is concerned, RK}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
s evidence is to be accepted that after 5 pm on 16 April 1996 he himself locked the premises.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
It is also not in dispute that there were only two entrances to the premises being the front door and the rear.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
The further fact which is not in dispute is that RK kept the keys himself.
\par 
\par I have already stated hereabove how and when RK came to the premises from his brother}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s place in Tavua in the evening of the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
It has been proved that a telephone call was made from the shop at 10.25 pm by RK to his sister in Tavua after he returned from her place.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
He had no telephone at his house.
\par 
\par The plaintiff has been truthful in these two respects and I find these as facts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
The fact that he was there before the fire is not ample proof that he was the one who lit it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
There have to be strong evidence in this regard to put the blame on RK.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
There is no other evidence whatsoever to suggest that someone else may have set fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
If someone else may have done this then the question arises how was it that no culprit was found particularly when there are so many other people residing in the building and in the vicinity where the fire was.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 It does not appear to be an isolated area.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 If the premises were forced open someone}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s attention would certainly have been drawn by the noise.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
The evidence that the iron rod which were stated to be one foot apart in the back window beside the grille door and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
that the louvres from the windows were removed thus giving easy access to the tower bolt or bolts on the door, are strong evidence to suggest that the back door was easily opened in that manner to give free access to the interior of the premises.
\par 
\par Although finger prints were found on the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Chrome Wheel Caps}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  and containers containing }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 accelerants}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 , according to defence witness Corporal }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Arun Kumar (DW5)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 ,
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 there is no evidence that they were the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s otherwise he would have been charged by Police for an offence.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 According to the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Fire Officer (DW4) }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 the fire may have started after 10.50 pm when the plaintiff was not in the premises.
\par 
\par All in all on the whole of the evidence and the police investigation there is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
no indication that the plaintiff had a direct or indirect connection with the lighting of the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
It was not even ascertained by Police as to whose finger prints were they.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
If the evidence was strong enough, Police would certainly have charged someone.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
In these circumstances mere opportunity and alleged motive because the business was alleged to be failing are not in themselves sufficient to put the blame on the plaintiff.
\par 
\par With the evidence before the Court it cannot be said that the onus of proof has been discharged by the defendant Company.
\par 
\par (iii)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Motive}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par 
\par That leaves me to a consideration of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 motive}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 .
\par 
\par Mr. Smith has gone to a considerable length in submitting that there was an obvious financial motive in this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
He said that the business was steadily declining and producing minimal income and he has demonstrated this by }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 columnar graphs}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  in his written submission.
\par 
\par Mr. Narayan on the other hand submits that in
 the light of the fact that there is evidence of a forcible entry (screen ripped back, missing louvre blades and burglar bars being forced to make them 1 foot apart when seen by Vimal Goundar) a strong motive would have to be shown to conclude that the pl
aintiff was responsible.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Mr. Narayan refuted Mr. Smith}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s claims regarding decline in business as he ignored}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s background, the size of his operation, the recent commencement of the business and the trends in rural set up in Ba}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 As to accounts he said that although there was a decline in turnover between 1994 and 1995, there was an increase in the gross profit margin of 2.46%.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The plaintiffs accounts were prepared by the reputable firm of accountants (C.K. Nanda & Company).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Mr. Narayan submitte
d that there was no evidence that the plaintiff was in dire straits financially as evidenced, inter alia, by the fact that the Banks were not dishonouring his cheques or calling in his security.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 To the contrary, evidence of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Dhamendra Singh (PW2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
 from Westpac Banking Corporation was that his account was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 satisfactory}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 .
\par 
\par In the circumstances stated hereabove I am not satisfied applying the civil standard of proof i.e. the balance of probabilities on the authorities referred to hereabove that the above facts e
stablish a motive for the plaintiff to destroy his recently established business which employed both him and his son.
\par 
\par However, although a strong motive goes to a large extent towards satisfying the onus of proof, lack of inconclusive evidence is not fatal to the discharge of such onus.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 In the light of the facts here I conclude with the following passage from the judgment in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Luscombe}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (supra) per }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Robertson J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
 which I consider apt except that in the case before me there is no compelling piece of evidence pin}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 p
ointing to the plaintiff as the culprit.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 In my opinion there is no compelling piece of evidence which clearly points to a motive as there are in some arson cases.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The absence of a clear motive is not fatal to the defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 In other words the defe
ndant does not need to establish a motive in order that the onus of proof is discharged.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
At times there may be difficulties in identifying a specific motive.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 As Tadgell JA said in }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Transport Industries Insurance Co. Ltd v Longmuir}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (1997) 1VR 125 at 136:}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
The operations of the mind being invisible and intangible, there may be motives, which no human being but the party can divine: Wills, Principles of Circumstantial Evidence 7th Edition (1937) page 65.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 There is evidence in my view that the financial position of the business was slowly deteriorating.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 I have found that the plaintiff must have been aware of that.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 This slow deterioration was despite the huge contribution in time the plaintiff was giving to the business.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 There is no doubt, as Mr. Pickhaver said, that the plaintiff had shown a remarkable degree of resourcefulness in his operation of the business.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 However, it is clear that the business was not allowing him to enjoy a productive social life with Helen Young.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 On the other hand it is acknowledged tha
t the burning of the premises may have led to only a short respite whilst the defendant reinstated the damage caused by the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
Other than replacement of plant and stock by the defendant, if the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s claim had been accepted by the defendant, the only other compensation would have been payment for loss of profits for the period during which reinstatement took place.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 There is no apparent financial gain to the plaintiff other than that which I have just described.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 In the end, in my opinion, all that can be said is that there is some evidence of a possible motive.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 (iv)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 False statements}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par 
\par The defence relied to a large extent on a number of alleged false statements to Mr. Luff when RK was interviewed by him during investigations.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 They were refuted by the plaintiff stating that the statements were not false or reckless as to whether they were correct or incorrect.
\par 
\par Mr. Narayan explained to Court why certain statements referred to as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 false statements}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  in the interview were made.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 I agree that one has to look at the plaintiff}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
s answers to questions put to him by Mr. Luff bearing in mind that the interview was by a former Australian Federal Police Officer residing in New Zealand whereas the plaintiff only has limited education who said he understood English }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 a little bit}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 At one stage the plaintiff needed Mr. Ram Singh as interpreter /translator.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 In considering the matter of alleged }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 false statements}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  one has to bear in mind certain legal principles in this regard which has been appropriately referred to Court
 by Mr. Narayan.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The Company relies on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 clause 12}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 General Conditions}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
 of the Policy which provides as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 If the claim be in any respect fraudulent, or if any false declaration be made or used in support thereof or if any fraudulent means or de
vices are used by the insured or anyone acting on his behalf to obtain any benefit under this policy ... all benefit under this Policy shall be forfeited.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The said }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 clause 12}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  does reflect the common law position as enunciated in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 Britton v Royal Insurance Co.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (1866) 4F & F905 by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Willes J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
 at 909 when his Lordship said:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The contract of insurance is one of perfect good faith on both sides, and it is most important that such good faith should be maintained.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 
 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 It is the common practice to insert in fire policies conditions that they shall be void in the event of fraudulent claim, and there was such a condition in the present case.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 But a condition is only in accordance with legal principle and sound policy if there is a wilful falsehood or fraud in the claim, the 
insured forfeits all claim whatever upon the policy.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Of course, if the assured set fire to his house, he could not recover.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 That is clear.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
But it is not less clear that, even supposing it were not wilful, yet as it is a contract of indemnity only, that is, a contract to recoup the insured the value of the property insured by fire, if the claim is fraudulent, it is defeated altogether.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 That is, suppose the insured made a claim for twice the amount insured and lost, thus seeking to put the office off its g
uard, and in the result to recover more than he is entitled to, that would be a wilful fraud, and the consequence is that he could not recover anything.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 This is a defence quite different from that of wilful arson.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
It gives the go}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 by to the origin of the fire, and it amounts to this }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  that the assured took advantage of the fire to make a fraudulent claim.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The law upon such a case is in accordance with justice, and also with sound policy.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The law is, that a person who has made such a fraudulent claim could not be permitted to recover at all.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
I have carefully analysed the whole of the evidence in this regard and I am satisfied on a balance of probabilities that the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s alleged false statements are not such as to affect the facts relating to the issue before me for my determination.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15737873 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 In other words there is too fragile a base on allegations of false statements to find that the plaintiff forfeits all benefit under the Policy.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Security of the wooden rear door}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 As stated by Mr. Smith security of the rear wooden door became a major factual issue.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 A lot of time has been spent in adducting evidence on this aspect and witnesses were cross}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 
-}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 examined at great lengths.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
A number of exhibits, particularly photographs, were produced.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 I should therefore make some findings on this aspect.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The issue was whether there were two tower bolts on the inside of the back wooden door or one.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 It is common ground that there was a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 yale lock}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  in the centre of this door.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
It is also common ground that there was a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 tower bolt}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  near the top of the inside of the door.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
Mr. Smith has forcefully submitted that whoever opened the doors at the rear and left them open must have had the key and therefore that person must be the plaintiff as he was the only person who had the keys.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 On the other hand Mr. Narayan through his witness Inspector }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Waisea Kadawa (PW3)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
 adduced evidence to show that a padlock, even a good quality one may give the appearance of retaining its integrity even after having been forcefully opened.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The witness who had many years of experience in Police Force said that opening padlocks was possible by levering or striking a rod inserted into the padlock loop (staple) with a hammer.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 He even testified that he had come across many cases where entry had been gained despite the padlocks for security.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Therefore, in this case, if the padlock was found open is no full proof evidence that it had not been forced open.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 It is not that it can be opened by key alone.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Ewen Robert Pole (DW1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  a defence witness agreed that padlocks could be broken 
quite easily and possibly with a lever, and burglars and intruders did so quite often.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
The PW3 also testified that the rear door was not very secure and that because of the close proximity to the window it was possible the locks and tower bolts could be opened by hand.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Mr. Pole did agree that one could reach the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 yale lock}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  and the top tower bolt from the louvre window and for the lower tower bolt one would need long arms or a rod.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Looking at the whole of the evidence in regard to the rear doors it is poss
ible that access could be gained from the rear door.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 In this regard the defendant}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
s own employee Vimal Goundar who visited the shop on 18 April 1996 accompanied by Corporal Narayan, the plaintiff and his son, noted in the document he prepared (document 86) that:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Please note }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
 screen on back window ripped and burglar bars are about one foot apart.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Also there are several louvre blades missing.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 In the outcome, in the face of such evidence from both sides it cannot on a balance of probabilities be said that
 because the plaintiff had the keys to the property}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
he must have opened the doors himself and gained access at this time of the night to commit this most serious crime oblivious of damage that would be caused to the residents of the property if he was succ
essful in his scheme to burn the place down. There is no evidence with any teeth in it to suggest that the plai}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15737873 ntiff set fire to the property.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Conclusion
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 To sum up, this was a hotly contested case involving a claim under a policy of insurance.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Damage to 
the property was caused by fire and because of serious allegations about how the fire was set it was necessary for me to very carefully analyse the whole of the evidence in this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Because it was a fire damage claim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 the standard and onus of proof are he
avy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The law in this respect has been outlined hereabove.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
On the facts and circumstances of this case I have come to the conclusion that the plaintiff was not the one who set fire to the property or that someone else on his behalf did so, notwithstanding 
the fact that the plaintiff was in the property in question sometime before the fire after having gone there to telephone his sister on his return from her house in the evening in question.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Upon a careful analysis of the whole of the evidence in this case
 and bearing in mind the authorities, I find that the defendant has not discharged the burden of proof that lay upon it to satisfy the Court that the plaintiff or anyone else on his behalf had any connection with the fire that was lit in the property.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Even the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 circumstantial evidence}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  that there are, as the defendant tried to show, are not in themselves sufficiently strong to pin}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 point to the plaintiff as the one to be held liable for the damage himself.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The defendant relies on circumstantial evidence as well as to the cause of fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 At the risk of being lengthy I would refer to the law on this subject of circumstantial evidence as so well put by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
His Honour Judge Robertson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 Luscombe}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
 (supra) at pages 19}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 20 which I consider apt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 He said:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Assistance may be g
ained in dealing with a case based upon circumstantial evidence from the observations of Tadgell JA in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 Transport Industries}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  at page 141:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 As will be seen, I respectfully differ from the learned judge upon several of the individual conclusions of fact whi
ch he drew from the evidence and which he considered to preclude a finding that the respondent was responsible for the fire.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
That aside, it should be said that, to assess the evidence in a case like this by reference to various individually}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 pleaded particu
lars, as though running through items on a check list, is apt to mislead.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The evidence is to be evaluated as a whole in order}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 fairly to consider whether the party bearing the onus of proof has established what is ultimately sought to be proved.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The object 
of the exercise of evaluation is to discover whether the evidence paints a picture reflecting real life, rather than to place a tick or a cross against paragraph after paragraph of torpid pleading.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 A true picture is to be derived from an accumulation of detail.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
The overall effect of the detailed picture can sometimes be best appreciated by standing back and viewing it from a distance, making an informed, considered, qualitative appreciation of the whole.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The overall effect of the detail is not necessarily the same as the sum total of the individual details: cf }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 
Hall (Inspector of Taxes) v Lorrimer}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  [1992] 1 WLR 939 at 944 }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 Sherpherd v R}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (1990) }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 170 CLR 573}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  at 579}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 80.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 His Honour goes on to state at p20:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 In a civil case like this, where there is no direct eviden
ce of a fact that a party bearing the onus of proof seeks to prove, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 it is not possible to attain entire satisfaction as to the true state of affairs}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 Girlock (Sales) Pty Ltd v Hurrell}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (1982) }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 149 CLR 155}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  at 169, per Mason J.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 In such a case, however, the law does not require proof to the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 entire satisfaction}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  of the tribunal of fact.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 A definition of the sufficiency of circumstantial evidence in a civil case to support proof by inference from the directly proved facts was given by the High Court in the unrepo
rted case of }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 Bradshaw v McEwans Pty Ltd}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
 (27 April 1951) in a passage since repeatedly adopted: e.g. Luxton v Vines (1952) }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 85 CLR 352}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  at 358;}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 Holloway v McFeeters}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  (1956) }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 94 CLR 470}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  at 480}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 -}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 I: }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 Jones v Dunkel}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  at 304; }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 Girlock}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 s case}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 , at 161 and 168.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The relevant passage in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 Bradshaw}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 s case}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  is:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Of course as far as logical consistency goes many hypotheses may be put which the evidence does not exclude positively.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 But this is a civil and not a criminal case.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
We are concerned with probabilities, not with possibilities.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
The difference between the criminal standard of proof in its application to circumstantial evidence and the civil is that in the former the facts must be such as to exclude reasonable hypotheses consistent with innocence, while in the latter }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 you need only circumstances raising a}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
more probable inference in favour of what is alleged}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
In question of this sort, where direct proof is not available, it is enough if the circumstances appearing in evidence give rise to a }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 reasonable and definite inference}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 : they must do more than give rise to conflicting inferences of equal degrees or probability so that the choice between them is mere matter of conjecture; see per Lord Robson, }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 Richard Evans & Co Ltd v Astley}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  [1911] AC 674, at p.687].}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 But if circumstances are pro
ved in which it is reasonable to find a balance of probabilities in favour of the conclusion sought then, though the conclusion may fall short of certainty, it is not to be regarded as a mere conjecture or surmise...}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 (emphasis added).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The Claim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 There is no dispute as to the quantum of loss suffered by the plaintiff in the fire which has been assessed at }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 $52,438.87}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 No other figure for loss has been produced by the defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
The plaintiff admits recovering $1300.00 from the salvage which makes his total loss at }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 $51,138.87}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The plaintiff says that he has suffered loss of income.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Mr. Narayan submits that according to plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s evidence he was making net profit in excess of $6,000.00 per annum.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Hence he says that he is entitled to a sum calculated on this basis.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The plaintiff therefore claims the sum of $115,657.60 being made up as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-5040\li5760\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid15737873 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Loss of Stock\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab $ 51,138.87
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15737873 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Interest at 13.5% from 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-4320\li5760\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid15737873 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 16/4/96 to 6/4/01\tab \tab \tab \tab 
$ 34,518.73
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15737873 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Loss of income from 16/4/96
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-4320\li5760\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid15737873 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 to 6/4/01 at $6000.00 p.a.\tab \tab \tab $
}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  30,000.00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-5040\li10800\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin10800\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 $115,657.60}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par Having found in favour of the plaintiff (RK), he will be sufficiently compensated for by way of interest on his claim, an order which I propose to make, for having been kept out of this sum since the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Hence he is not entitled to claim loss of profits.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
On interest as was said by Court of Appeal in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 Jovilisi Kamea and the Attorney}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356\charrsid15737873 -}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 General v Mateo Raisalawake}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  FCA ABU0049 of 1999:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Interest is awarded to a Plaintiff for being kept out of money which ought to have been paid to him.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 See }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 Jefford v. Gee}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  [1970] 2 QB 130, 146.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The expression }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 being kept out of money that ought to have been paid}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  is not used to pejoratively.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 It simply expresses the concept that the plaintiff was entitled to the amount of the judgment as from a certain date but in fact, as e
vents occurred, the money was not available to the plaintiff, but remained with the opposite party, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 fructifying in the wrong pocket}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  as was said in the course of argument in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 Newton v. Grand Junction Railway Co}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  [1846] 16 M & W 139, 141.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Again since the judgment will be entered in favour of the plaintiff, an order on the defendant}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 s Counterclaim cannot be made.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 The Count}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15737873 erclaim is therefore dismissed.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Order}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par In the outcome the plaintiff succeeds in his claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 There is no breach of any condition of the pol
icy by the plaintiff as alleged by the defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
The plaintiff is entitled to be indemnified for the loss suffered by him in the amount claimed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 It is}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13318356  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 therefore ordered as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls5\ilvl1\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13318356 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 that judgment be entered for the plaintiff in the sum of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
$51,138.87}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls5\ilvl1\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13318356 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 that interest be paid on the said judgment at the rate of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
8.00 % per
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13318356 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 annum}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  from the date of fire on 16 April 1996 to date of judgment (22 July 2002)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls5\ilvl1\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13318356 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 That the defendant pay }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 costs}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356  of the action which is to be taxed unless agreed.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15737873 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 D. Pathik
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 Judge}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid13318356 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 
\par At Suva
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13318356 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 24 July 2002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9910807\charrsid15737873 
\par }}