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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 CIVIL ACTION NO. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665\charrsid5193665 HBC0}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 196 OF 2001
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 Between:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 JOSAIA BUAKULA
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF FIJI
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par Mr. V. Maharaj for Plaintiff
\par Mr. Y. Singh for Defendant
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 DECISION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par This is the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 s }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 summons}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665  filed 10 July 2001 seeking the following Orders:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5193665 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 That the Defence of the Defendant be struck out under Rules of the High Court, }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 Order 18 Rule 19}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665  and under inherent jurisdiction of the court on the grounds:}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid5193665 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 that it discloses no reasonable defence
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid5193665 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 that it is frivolous and vexatious; and 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid5193665 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 that it is an abuse of process of court.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5193665 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 That the Plaintiff be at liberty to enter judgment against the Defendant with damages to be assessed;
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 Plaintiff}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 s argument
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 The plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 s claim is contained in the Statement of Claim filed herein.
\par 
\par Whilst driving motor vehicle Registration No. E8715 from Nausori to Suva}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
the plaintiff suffered severe bodily injuries on 4 August 1999 when his owner}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 said vehicle (a taxi) went into the trenches dug by the Public Work
s Department (PWD) at 4 miles Nasinu on Ratu Mara Road.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
At that time the PWD was carrying out repair and upgrading work on that stretch of road particularly constructing and widening a bridge.
\par 
\par It is alleged that the injuries caused was as a result of negligence on the part of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 PWD its servants and/or agents and/or breach of its common law and/or statutory duty}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
The plaintiff says that the PWD owed a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
duty of care to all Road users to keep the said Road safe for use at all times}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 . 
\par 
\par In support of his claim in negligence and in establishing liability the plaintiff says that he will rely and adduce in evidence judgment entered against the defendant in Suva Magistrate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 s Court Civil Action No. 949 of 1999 being an action instituted by the plaintiff}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 s employer a
gainst the defendant for damages to the said motor vehicle.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
The plaintiff was not a party to the said action nor was there any mention of any personal injuries suffered by him.
\par 
\par After the trial of the action, liability was apportioned on the basis of 70/30 against the defendant and judgment was entered in the sum of $8960 on 10 October 2000 on that basis.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 This sum has been paid by the defendant.
\par 
\par The plaintiff says that the defendant has filed a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 sham defence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665  which ought to be struck out and an interlocutory judgment be entered in favour of the plaintiff with damages to be assessed.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 The defendant}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 s argument}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par 
\par The defendant in his Defence states that it was the plaintiff who failed to negotiate }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 a bend and he drove over the chevron markers and collided with a concrete beam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 .
\par 
\par The defendant in reply to the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
s application states that in the Magistrate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 s Court action there is no mention of any injury to the plaintiff (the driver) in the accident.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 There is no medical report given to the defendant }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 to consider, any particulars given as to the nature or the degree of injury the plaintiff has suffered}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 . 
\par 
\par The learned counsel for the defendant submits that he has a good defence and he will be prejudiced should the application by the plaintiff be allowed.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 Consideration of the issue
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 I have considered the arguments put forward by counsel for each of the parties.
\par 
\par It cannot be disputed that liability had been established against the defendant in the proportion 70/30 in the Magistrate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 s Court, Central Division in Civil Action No. 949/99.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 The then learned Magistrate Mr. Jiten Singh (now a High Court Judge) gave a comprehensive judgment in this case and damages have been paid to the plaintiff in that action.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 The plaintiff in that case was the owner of the taxi.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 The alleged injury suffered by the present plaintiff in that action had not figured at all.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 In fact there was no mention of it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
In this regard therefore the revelation of the said injuries has come as a surprise}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 to the defendant.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 Mr. Singh for the defendant in
 the present action said that when the Statement of Defence was filed he was not the solicitor representing the defendant.
\par 
\par Since liability has been established the plaintiff should not be required to prove this again.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 In the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 Notes }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 Or18 r19A}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665  in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 The Rules of the Supreme Court 1989 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 it is stated:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
It is an abuse of the process of law for a suitor to litigate again over an identical question which has already been decided against him even though the matter is not strictly res judicata (}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid13332602 Stephenson v. Garrett}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665  [1898] 1 Q.B. 677, C.A. and see }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid13332602 Spring Grove Services Ltd. v. Deane}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332602  (1972) 116 S.J. 844.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par The following notes to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 Or 18/19/10B}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665  in the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
Rules of Supreme Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665  (ibid) ought to be borne in mind as the defendant cannot insist on the same issue being raised anew once liability has been established and not appealed against:

\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
So, if a party seeks to raise anew a question which has already been decided between the same parties by a Court of competent jurisdiction, this fact may be brought before the Court by affida
vit, and the statement of claim, though good on the face of it, may be struck out, and the action dismissed; even though a plea of res judicata might not strictly be an answer to the action; it is enough if substantially the same point has been decided in
 a prior proceeding (}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid13332602 MacDougall v. Knight}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 , 25 Q.B.D. 1; }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid13332602 Reichel v. Magrath}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332602 ,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665  14 App. Cas. 665 at p.667; }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid13332602 Humphries v. H}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332602 ,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665  [1910] 2 K.B. 531, C.A.; }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid13332602 Cooke v. Richman}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665  [1911] 2 K.B. 1125; }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid13332602 
Greenhalgh v. Mallard}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665  [1947] 2 All E.R. 255, C.A.; cf. }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid13332602 Conquer v Boot}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665  [1928] 2 K.B. 336; }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid13332602 Green v. Weatherill}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
 [1929] 2 Ch. 213).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13332602 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 In this case once liability has been established it should not be relitigated on the same facts and circumstances.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 In this regard the following passage from }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 Phipson on Evidence}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665  12th Ed. at para 1341 is apt:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13332602 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
It is now settled that when once a given fact has been put in issue and decided between the parties, it will conclude them and their privies from re}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665 -}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 litigating such fact in any subsequent proceeding, although brought for a different purpose or object.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
It has been suggested that though this is true with regard to findings of fact, yet to raise an estoppel on the right determined, the two suits must have been brought for the same purpose and object.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 However, it is thought that the second situation is one where the doctrine of the merger of a cause of action in a judgment is called in question and that there never can be an }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 estoppel}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665  as to rights determined.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 Accordingly, when properly viewed, this way of presenting the matter amounts to no more than a truism.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
The result is that where a second action is brought for the same breaches of contract as an earlier action and the damages are the same, though the evidence is different, the matter is res judicata.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13332602 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 Because at no time before the institution of this action, the plaintiff}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 s injury}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
was revealed, it is incumbent on the plaintiff to prove his case in accordance with the Rules of Court and on the authorities cited above bearing in mind of course that liability has been established against the defendant as 
between the plaintiff and the defendant in the said Magistrates Court action.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
As I see it the plaintiff still has to establish the essential ingredients of the offence as far as he as the driver/plaintiff is concerned in relation to the alleged personal injuries received by him.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13332602 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 He cannot ask for judgment with damages to be assessed in his present application to strike out.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13332602 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
In these circumstances I will require the plaintiff to prove his case and adduce evidence as to damages suffered by him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 On the que
stion of liability for negligence the following passage from the judgment in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid13332602 Marc Rich & Co, AG}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid13332602  }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid13332602 and Others v Bishop Rock Marine Co. Ltd and Others (The Nicholas H)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 , The Times 7.7.95 p.34 H.L. is worth noting:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 In order to determine a defendant}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 s liability
 for negligence the court had to consider not only foreseeability and proximity but also whether it was fair, just and reasonable to impose a duty of care.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 Those three requirements were convenient and helpful approaches to the question whether a duty should be imposed in any given case.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5193665  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 Whether a duty should be imposed in any particular circumstances d}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332602 epended upon the circumstances.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13332602 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 The action will therefore take its normal course.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13332602 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 For these reasons the summons is dismissed with costs in the cause.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13332602 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 D. Pathik
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 Judge}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid5193665 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5193665 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid13332602 
\par At Suva
\par 12 July 2002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200453\charrsid13332602 
\par }}