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{\title IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI (AT SUVA)}{\author Amelia Rasovo}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2004\mo8\dy30\hr11\min21}{\revtim\yr2004\mo8\dy31\hr9\min9}{\printim\yr2002\mo8\dy7\hr12\min46}{\version3}{\edmins2}{\nofpages3}{\nofwords991}{\nofchars5650}
{\*\company Judicial Department}{\nofcharsws6628}{\vern16389}}\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow0
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{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain 
\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219\charrsid617219 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 (AT SUVA)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 CIVIL ACTION NO. HBC 127 OF 2002S
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 Between:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 DEHAN ZHANG
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 First Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 LI XIAOYUN
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 Second Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 THE PERMANENT SECRETARY FOR
\par HOME AFFAIRS AND IMMIGRATION
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 First Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 THE DIRECTOR OF IMMIGRATION
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 Second Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
\par S.R. Valenitabua for the Plaintiffs
\par J.J. Udit for the Defendants
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
\par On 25 February 1999 the first Plaintiff was granted a permit 369/99 to enter and reside in Fiji.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
The purpose of the permit was to enable him \'93to work in Fiji as a chef for Taisin Restaurant Limited Lami.\'94}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
The permit expired on 16 February 2002.
\par 
\par On 25 February 1999 the Taisin Restaurant Limited was granted a permit 164/99 to employ a non Fiji citizen.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
The employee was the first Plaintiff.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
The first condition of the permit was that the employee would be employed solely by the employer stated.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
The sixth condition of the permit was that it was immediately to become void upon breach of any of the other conditions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
The permit expired on 16 February 2002.
\par 
\par On 1 March 2000 the second Plaintiff was granted a permit 442/2000 to enter and reside in Fiji.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
The purpose of the permit was to enable her \'93to reside with husband Dehan Zhan holder of permit 369/99\'94.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
The permit expired on 16 February 2002.
\par 
\par On 4 March 2002 the second Defendant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
(the Director) wrote to Mr. Yin Kit Yee (apparently one of the proprietors of the Taisin Restaurant) pointing out that the restaurant had ceased trading in 1999 and that accordingly permit 164/99 had been avoided.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 The Director advised that the two Plaintiffs\rquote  permits \'93are now null and void and their presence in the country are now illegal
\'94.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
It would perhaps have been simpler to point out that the two permits to enter and reside had expired by effluxion of time but nothing turns on this point}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 since Mr. Valenitabua accepted in paragraph 1.1 of his excellent written submission that the Plaintiffs are in fact unlawful immigrants present in Fiji.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 Their status follows from the operation of Section 11 (2) (a) of the Immigration Act (Cap 88 \endash  the Act).
\par 
\par On 25 March 2002 the Plaintiffs commenced these proceedings by way of Originating Summons.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
The various declarations and orders sought were designed to prevent the Plaintiffs being deported pending the processing by the Defendants of the Plaintiffs application for fresh permits to be issued to them.
\par 
\par A preliminary issue raised by Mr. Udit who also filed a most helpful written submission, was that on the face of it the Plaintiffs had chosen wrong method to bring their claims before the Court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 He suggested that proceedings should have been commenced by way of judicial review.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 In view of the fact however that the Plaintiffs commenced these proceedings within three weeks of the 3 March letter and that the Originating Summons process is not ob
viously unsuitable for determination of the Plaintiffs claim I decide the preliminary issues in favour of the Plaintiffs (see also }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 Roy v. Kensington and Chelsea FPC}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219  [1992] 1 AC 624).
\par 
\par The second preliminary question raised by Mr. Udit was whether the Plaintiffs had in fact made an application for a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
new permit or permits.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
According to an affidavit sworn by Eminoni Bola, an employee of the Immigration Department on 2 August 2002 an extensive search of the Department\rquote s registry had not disclosed that any application}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219 
 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 has been received.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
Mr. Valenitabua however relied on an affidavit sworn by his clerk Vilikesa Cakau on 5 August which exhibits a copy of an application sent to the Director together with a bank cheque on about 28 March.
\par 
\par In my opinion the presentation of an application for a fresh permit does not alter the status of an unlawful immigrant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
I think I am also entitled to take judicial notice of the fact that the various registries within the Departments of the Fiji Government are not always as efficient as they might be.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 For these reasons I am prepared to proceed to the substance of the Plaintiff\rquote 
s case on the assumption that the first Plaintiff did in fact apply for a new work permit to be issued to him on about 28 March.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
It may however be noted that there is nothing to suggest that any application has ever been made by or on behalf of his wife, the second Plaintiff.
\par 
\par As will be seen from his written submission Mr. Valenitabua\rquote s principal argument is that the proviso to Section 8 (1) of the Act grants unlawful immigrants a right to apply to the Minister for a permit or a new permit to be granted to them.
\par 
\par The first paragraph of Section 8 (1) permits the Permanent Secretary to issue permits to enter and reside or to reside or to work in Fiji.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 The proviso however reads:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 \'93
Provided that, except the approval of the Minister, no such permit may be issued to any person who is unlawfully in Fiji \'85..\'94.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
\par Mr. Valenitabua\rquote s argument is, if I may say, ingenious but I do not think it can succeed.
\par 
\par The primary responsibility for issuing permits is given by Section 8 to the Permanent Secretary.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
The Permanent Secretary is also given the power to remove unlawful immigrants by Section 15.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 Both powers are permissive.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 The proviso, as I read it, is a fetter on the Permanent Secretary\rquote s powers, not a right given to an applicant.
\par 
\par If Mr. Valentabua\rquote s reading of the proviso were correct then it would have the consequence that an unlawful immigrant has a right to have his application considered by the Minister and to remain in Fiji while the application is considered.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
That proposition however is contrary to Section 18 (2) of the Act which gives the Permanent Secretary the power to grant an applicant a temporary permit to remain in Fiji while he pursues an appeal to the Minister against a decision refusing him a permit 
}{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 except}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 in the case where the applicant is an unlawful immigrant.

\par 
\par In a number of decisions of this court, some of which are referred to in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 re: Cui Zhong Yi and Others}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
 HBJ 2/1997S it has been held that an unlawful immigrant wishing to pursue litigation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
arising from a decision not to allow him to continue to reside in Fiji cannot be permitted to remain in Fiji to pursue that litigation.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 To allow otherwise would be to create a \'93substantial mischief\'94 (per Lyons J in }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 Cantilla v. Director of Immigration
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219  HBJ 12/95L).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
In my opinion the same principle has to be applied to persons who have become unlawful immigrants by reason of the expiry or nullification of their visas but who wish to renew or extend them.
\par 
\par There is nothing to prevent the Plaintiffs from leaving Fiji and then renewing their applications to return and work here.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
In my opinion however they are not entitled to remain here after their former permits have expired.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid617219  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 The reliefs sought are refused.

\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 M.D. Scott
\par Judge
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617219 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid94401\charrsid617219 
\par 9 August 2002
\par }}