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\fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 013f}\sectd \sbknone\linex0\headery1440\footery1440\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2848407\sftnbj {\headerr \pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\pvpara\posx0\posy0\absw9361\nowrap\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid2848407 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 45 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}}{\field{\*\fldinst { \insrsid2848407 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7029242 5}}}\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\insrsid2848407 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 45 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}}{\insrsid2848407 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid2848407 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid2848407 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT SUVA \par APPELLATE JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO: HAA 88 OF 2002S \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 Between:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 LAND TRANSPORT AUTHORITY \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 And:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 SASHI M. LOCHAN \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 Respondent \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par Hearing:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581\charrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 15th November 2002 \par Judgment:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581\charrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 22nd November 2002 \par \par Counsel:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581\charrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 Ms A. Neelta for Land Transport Authority \par No appearance for Respondent \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581\charrsid15021581 JUDGMENT}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par The Respondent on the 15th day of August 2001 was charged with the following offence: \par \par }\pard \ql \li810\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 Statement of Offence \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 DRIVING UNREGISTERED MOTOR VEHICLE}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 : Contrary to sections 49(3) and 87 of the Land Transport Act 1998. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li630\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 Particulars of Offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1170\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 SASHI MAHENDRA LOCHA N on the 15th day of August, 2001 at Nausori in the Central Division, drove a Private Motor Vehicle Registration No. CR364 on Kings Road, Wainibuku when the said Motor Vehicle was not duly registered. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par The case was called on the 21st of November 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 The Respondent pleaded not guilty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 The case was called again on 29th January 2002 but counsel was unavailable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 It was called again on the 8th April 2002, 14th May 2002, 10th June 2002 and 12th August 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 It finally proceeded on 15th August 2002 when the Respondent pleaded guilty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 The facts were that on 13th August 2001, at 6.30pm, Land Transport Officers stopped the Respondent\rquote s car along the Wainibuku Road.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 They found that his wheel tax had expired on 5th April 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 The Respondent admitted these facts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 However in mitigation, counsel for the Respondent said: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \'93We pleaded guilty.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 The defendant is charged under s.49(3).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 The vehicle was registered.}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 The definition of register.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 44 years.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 Civil Servant.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par The prosecutor said he would consult the drafters of the Act.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 The court then said, \'93 Defendant should be charged under s.53(1)(5) of LTA. Defendant is given an absolute discharge.\'94 \par \par The Appellant appeals against this order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 The grounds of appeal are: \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\ls6\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 Th at the sentence meted out to the respondent is manifestly wrong in principle; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\ls6\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 That the learned magistrate erred in law by not following the sentence guideline stipulated in the Land Transport (Fees and Penalties) Regulations 2000 in particular to section 3(1) of the prescribed penalties and fixed penalties; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\ls6\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 That the section 3(1) does not give powers to the magistrate to use their discretion to discharge the respondent after pleading guilty to the charge and admitting the outlined facts.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14030843 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 The grounds of appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par It is firstly not clear what the nature of the discharge was.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 Was it a \'93sentence\'94 discharge under section 44 of the Penal Code, or was it a discharge under section 201(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 If it was a section 44 discharge, it was arguably a nullity because the Magistrate found that the offence was not shown by the facts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 If it was a section 201 discharge, it was in any event a nullity because the prosecution did not withdraw the charge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 If the Magistrate thought that the facts did not disclose the offence, the proper course of action would have been to set asid e the guilty plea, enter a not guilty plea and proceed to trial to allow the prosecution to call evidence and/or make an application to amend the charge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 Either type of discharge was wrong in law in these circumstances.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 However, for the reasons I now give, there was no basis in law or fact, for finding that the facts did not disclose the offence. \par \par The Respondent was charged under section 49(3) of the Land Transport Act.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 Section 49 reads as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \'93(1) A person who owns a motor vehicle or trailer shall re gister the motor vehicle or trailer with the Authority irrespective of whether the motor vehicle or trailer is to be used exclusively on private property. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 (2) A person who has registered a motor vehicle or trailer may apply to the Authority for the motor vehicle or trailer to be exempted from the requirements of this Part. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 (3) A person who drives or uses or permits to be driven or used upon a public street any motor vehicle or trailer which is not registered under subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable on conviction to the prescribed penalty.\'94}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par Regulation 53 provides: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \'93 (1) The Authority may register motor vehicles under the provisions of this Act to operate under the following classes of motor vehicle licence - \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1350\wrapdefault\faauto\ls7\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 a private licence which - \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1350\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid15021581 (i)\tab }{\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 authorises the use of the motor vehicle subject to this Act and the conditions of the licence; and \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid15021581 (ii)\tab }{\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 does not authorise the use of the motor vehicle for commercial purposes, or as a public service vehicle; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls7\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 a commercial licence which - \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid15021581 (i)\tab }{\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 authoris es the use of the motor vehicle for the carriage of goods in relation to the business of the owner, subject to this Act and the conditions of the licence; and \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid15021581 (ii)\tab }{\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 limits the carriage of passengers to bona-fide employees and other persons directly involve d in the carrying on of the business of the owner; \par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581\charrsid15021581 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1260\wrapdefault\faauto\ls7\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15021581 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 a government licence which authorises the use of the motor vehicle for purposes related to the functions of government, subject to this Act and the conditions of the licence; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1260\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1260\wrapdefault\faauto\ls7\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 a diplomatic licence w hich authorises the use of the vehicle consistent with the provisions of this Act and the Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities Act and the conditions of the licence; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1260\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 e)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx1260\wrapdefault\faauto\ls7\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 a public service vehicle licence as provided for in Part VI. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 (2) A licence issued pur suant to this Part may include conditions, as the Authority may determine, relating to the use of the motor vehicle for private purposes. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 (3) The Authority may cancel or suspend a licence issued under this Part. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 (4) The conditions under which a vehicle is licensed to operate shall, unless the licence otherwise expires, or is cancelled or suspended under the provisions of this Act, only be in effect for the period of the registration of the vehicle and shall lapse with the expiry, cancellation or suspension of the registration pursuant to this Act. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 (5) A person who uses a motor vehicle contrary to the condition of the class of licence issued under subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable upon conviction to the prescribed penalty.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par Section 49 therefore creates an offence of driving a vehicle which is }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 not registered at all}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 Section 53 creates an offence of driving a vehicle }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 contrary to the condition of the class of licence issued}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 For instance a person commits an offence under section 53(5) if he/she drives a private vehicle for commercial purposes.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 The Respondent was charged with the offence of driving a vehicle which was not registered at all.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 As such section 49 was the correct section.}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par There was therefore no reason to doubt the facts, nor any ground to set aside the plea of guilty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 The learned Magistrate should have proceeded to sentence. \par \par For the reasons I have given today in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 LTA -v- Isimeli Neneboto}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 Crim. App. No. HAA 87 of 2002 an absolute discharge is only appropriate in those cases where no moral blame attaches to the defendant, or where he/she was guilty of only a technical breach of the law (}{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 State -v- Nand Kumar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 Crim. App. HAA014/00L, }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 Tipple -v- Police}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 (1994) 2 NZLR 362). \par \par Richardson J in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 Fisheries Inspector -v- Turner}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 (1978) 2 NZLR 233, 241, said of the absolute discharge, and the duty of the court in considering one: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \'93 It must have due regard to the nature of the offence and to the gravity with which it is viewed by Parliament; to the ser iousness of the particular offending; to the circumstances of the particular offender in terms of the effect on his career, his pocket, his reputation and any civil disabilities consequential on conviction, and to any other relevant circumstances.}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 And if the direct and indirect consequences of a conviction are, in the Court\rquote s judgment, out of all proportion to the gravity of the offence, it is proper for a discharge to be given under s.42.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par In this case nothing was said in mitigation to warrant a discharge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 The legislature saw fit to provide under the schedule to the Land Transport Act, a maximum penalty of $500 fine or 3 months imprisonment and 2 demerit points on first conviction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 This is an indication of the seriousness with which such an offence was considered.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 A sentence should be passed with this in mind. \par \par This appeal succeeds on ground (a) of the grounds of appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 The discharge is quashed and the case remitted to the Magistrate\rquote s Court for sentence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 At the hearing of this appeal, the Respondent or hi s counsel failed to appear, despite a notice of hearing being served on his solicitors.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15021581 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 A fresh notice will need to be prepared in the Magistrate\rquote s Court. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 Nazhat Shameem \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 JUDGE}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15021581 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848407\charrsid15021581 \par At Suva \par 22nd November 2002 \par }}