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.}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT SUVA \par APPELLATE JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO: HAA}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829\charrsid8716829 0}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 076 OF 2002S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Between:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 RAMESH CHAND \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 s/o Mahesh Prasad \par Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 And:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 THE STATE \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829\charrsid8716829 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Hearing:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 27th September 2002 \par Judgment:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 3rd October 2002 \par \par Counsel:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Mr A.K. Singh for Appellant \par Mr V. Vosarogo for State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829\charrsid8716829 JUDGMENT}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The Appellant, on the 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 of August 1999, was charged with the following offences: \par \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 FIRST COUNT \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Statement of Offence \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 OBTAINING MONEY BY FALSE PRETENCE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 : Contrary to Section 309(a) of the Penal Code, Cap. 17. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Particulars of Offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 RAMESH CHAND s/o Mahesh Prasad between 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 day of March 1999 and 10}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 day of April 1999 at Suva in the Central Division , with intent to defraud, obtained from Rajeshwar Prasad s/o Sita Prasad $23,309.50 in monies and 150 litres of Premix fuel valued at $139.50 by falsely pretending that he, the said Ramesh Chand s/o Mahesh Prasad was in a position to arrange Permanent Mig ration Visa to Australia. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 SECOND COUNT \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Statement of Offence \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 OBTAINING MONEY BY FALSE PRETENCE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 : Contrary to Section 309(a) of the Penal Code, Cap. 17. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Particulars of Offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 RAMESH CHAND s/o Mahesh Prasad between 12}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 day of August 1998 and 22}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 nd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 day of October 1998 at Suva in the Central Division with intent to defraud, obtained from Janan Prasad s/o Hari Prasad $8,000 in monies by falsely pretending that he, the said Ramesh Chand s/o Mahesh Prasad was in a position to arrange Permanent Migration Visa t o Australia. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 THIRD COUNT \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Statement of Offence \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 OBTAINING MONEY BY FALSE PRETENCE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 : Contrary to Section 309(a) of the Penal Code, Cap. 17. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Particulars of Offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 RAMESH CHAND s/o Mahesh Prasad sometimes in August 1998 at Suva in the Central Division with intent to defraud, obtained from Vijay Sen s/o Dwarka Prasad $4,000.00 in monies by falsely pretending that he, the said Ramesh Chand s/o Mahesh Prasad was in a p osition to arrange Permanent Migration Visa to Australia. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 FOURTH COUNT \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Statement of Offence \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 OBTAINING MONEY BY FALSE PRETENCE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 : Contrary to Section 309(a) of the Penal Code, Cap. 17. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Particulars of Offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 RAMESH CHAND s/o Mahesh Prasad}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 between 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 day of September 1998 and 7}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 day of November 1998 at Suva in the Central Division with intent to defraud, obtained from Vidya Prasad s/o Ram Sumer $8,000.00 in monies by falsely pretending that he, the said Ramesh Chand s/o Mahesh Prasad was in a position to arrange Permanent Migration Visa to Australia. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 FIFTH COUNT \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Statement of Offence \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 OBTAINING MONEY BY FALSE PRETENCE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 : Contrary to Section 309(a) of the Penal Code, Cap. 17. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Particulars of Offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 RAMESH CHAND s/o Mahesh Prasad between 13}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 August 1998 and 22}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 nd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 day of October 1998 at Suva in the Central Division with intent to defraud, obtained from Virend Prasad s/o Muneshwar $8,000 in monies by falsely pretending that he, the said Ramesh Chand s/o Mahesh Prasad was in a position to arrange Permanent Migr ation Visa to Australia. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 SIXTH COUNT \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Statement of Offence \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 OBTAINING MONEY BY FALSE PRETENCE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 : Contrary to Section 309(a) of the Penal Code, Cap. 17. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Particulars of Offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 RAMESH CHAND s/o Mahesh Prasad between 12}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 day of August 1998 and 22}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 nd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 day of October 1998 at Suva in the Central Division, with intent to defraud, obtained from Mohini Singh d/o Ram Lal $17,000 in monies by falsely pretending that he, the said Ramesh Chand s/o Mahesh Prasad was in a position to arrange Permanent Migration Visa to Australia. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 SEVENTH COUNT \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Statement of Offence \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 OBTAINING MONEY BY FALSE PRETENCE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 : Contrary to Section 309(a) of the Penal Code, Cap. 17.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Particulars of Offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 RAMESH CHAND s/o Mahesh Prasad on the 21}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 st} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 day of October 1998 at Suva in the Central Division, with intent to defraud, obtained from Sneh Lata Prasad d/o Pyare Lal $8,500 in monies by falsely pretending that he, the said Ramesh Chand s/o Mahesh Prasad was in a position to arrange Permanent Migration Visa to Australia. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par The case was called in the Suva Magistrate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 s Court on the same day, and pleas were taken on the 23}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 rd}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 of August 1999.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The Appellant pleaded not guilty on all 7 counts.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 On 18}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 October, he was represented by Mr G.P. Lala, and on 16}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 November, by Mr G.P. Shankar.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 On all subsequent appearances, he was represented by counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 On 28}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 March 2000, a date set for the hearing of the case, counsel made an application for the learned Chief Magistrate to disqualify himself.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 A ruling was delivered on 25}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 April 2000, refusing the application.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Amended charges were filed, and pleas re}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 taken on 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 June 2000.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 On the 22}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 nd}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 of June 2000, the defence asked for the statement of a witness (Rajeshwar Prasad) in another case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 In chambers, counsel agreed to resolve the question of disclosure amongst themselves. \par \par The trial finally proceeded on 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 rd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 July 2000, 4}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 July 2000 and 19}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 July 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Counts 2 and 4 were withdrawn by the prosecution.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 A ruling on a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 no case to answer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 submission was made, after several adjournments, on 13}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 October 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The defence case commenced on 20}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 September 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The Appellant gave evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 He adopted the contents of his interview to the police, and said he had not promised to obtain visas for any of the State witnesses, and had obtained loans from them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 He said he was unable to repay the loans. \par \par On 19}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 October 2001, the learned Magistrate adjourned to 16}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 November 2001 for judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 It was not ready on that day, nor on the subsequent dates set, the 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 of December, 31}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 of January 2002 and the 28}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 of February 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 On all these days the Appellant appeared, represented by counsel. \par \par On the 27}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 of March 2002 (a date given for the delivery of judgment), the Appellant appeared without counsel.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The court record reads as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-2126\li2835\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Prosecution:\tab Vosarogo \par Accused:\tab Present \par For Accused:\tab Nil. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \fi-2126\li2835\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 :\tab \tab I want to voluntarily change my plea to guilty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 I am not doing it under duress.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 No one is pressing me to change my plea. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \fi-2126\li2835\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Prosecution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 :\tab }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Accused is represented by Mr G.P. Shankar.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 We will be asking for a consecutive sentence. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \fi-2126\li2835\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 :\tab \tab I want to change my plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 I maintain the position I told the Court this morning.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 I am voluntarily doing so, without my lawyer being here. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Charge read and explained and understood.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Yes on all counts. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \fi-709\li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Plea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 :\tab Count 1 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Guilty \par }\pard \ql \fi-709\li2127\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2127\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Count 2 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Guilty \par Count 5 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Guilty \par Count 6 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Guilty \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \fi-2126\li2835\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 :\tab }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 1. Adjourned 10.4.2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Facts and sentencing. \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 2. Production Order endorsed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par On 10}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 April, the prosecution read out the facts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 They were similar on each count.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The prosecution said that in 1998 and 1999 the Appellant obtained sums of money from four complainants after informing each complainant that he was in a position to arrange migration visas for the complainant and his family to Australia.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 He also requested passports for each family member.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The Appellant was not in a position to arrange for visas and the total sum of money alleged to be obtained was $50,560.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 No money was ever recovered, nor were the passports returned. \par \par The Appellant said }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbo ls" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Facts admitted: I accept the summary of facts, subject to me admitting that the amount involved in Count 1 is $22,660.00 as opposed to $23,060.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 I didn}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 t receive any passport.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 That}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 s all.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par \par The prosecution accepted the admitted amount on Count 1 and also the fact that no passports had been obtained.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The court accepted the Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 s version of the facts, saying that he had admitted the ingredients of the offence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 He heard mitigation and sentenced on 11}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 April 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The Appellant was sentenced to a total of 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 50 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 years imprisonment, to be served consecutive to his existing term of imprisonment. \par \par The Appellant now appeals against conviction and sentence, on the following grounds: \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-709\li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 That the learned Chief Magistrate erred in law when he failed to have this matter determined within 12 months a s required under section 202(7) Amended Criminal Procedure Code Cap. 17. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-709\li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 That the learned Chief Magistrate erred in law when he allowed the case to be unnecessarily adjourned for the purpose of him writing his judgment and as such breached the Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 s right under the 1997 Fiji Constitution in not having the matter determined within reasonable time.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \fi-709\li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8716829 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 That the learned Chief Magistrate erred in law when he failed to disqualify him after the Appellant obj ected him on the basic of his previous Criminal Matter and on the basic of his Judicial Review Application against the same Magistrate vide}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 Suva High Court Action No. HBJ00}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 40}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 2001. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-709\li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 That the learned Chief Magistrate erred in law when he failed to consider that the Appellant}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 s plea was equivocal because of his frustration in not having the matter determined within reasonable time and disputing the facts. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-709\li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 That the learned Chief Magistrate erred in law when he failed to enter a conviction against Appellant and as such the whole proceeding are nullity. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (f)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-709\li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 That the learned Chief Magistrate erred in law and facts when he failed to enter a plea of not guilty a fter the Appellant disputed material facts. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (g)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-709\li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 That the Chief Magistrate erred in law when he failed to conduct the Newton hearings to determine the disputed facts. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (h)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-709\li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 That the learned Magistrate erred in law and facts when he failed considered the pre vious conviction that was either disputed by the Appellant or were wrong or erred or that were set aside by the High Court of Fiji. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-709\li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The learned Magistrate erred in law when he considered or that the learned prosecutor erred in law when he mentioned th at the Appellant was a serving prisoner for similar offences. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (j)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-709\li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 That the sentence passed by the Chief Magistrate was excessive and wrong in principle.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 \par }\pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 I deal with these grounds in turn. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Delay}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par \par The first two grounds of appeal are related, because they allege unfair and unreasonable delay in the proceedings. \par \par Section 202(7) of the Criminal Procedure Code (as amended by Act No. 37 of 1998) provides as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 A case must not be adjourned to a date later than 12 months after the summons was served on the accused unless the magistrate, for good cause, which is to be stated in the record, considers such an adjournment to be required in the interests of justice.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par The reasons for each adjournment were noted in the record.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Most of the adjournments were granted at the request of the defence.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 One long adjournment was ordered because the Magistrate was busy with coup}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 related cases, and a series of adjournments were granted because the ruling on a no case to answer submission, was not ready.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Finally there was a delay of five months for the judgment before the Appellant pleaded guilty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 In total, from the filing of the charge to the determination of the case, there was a period of almost two years in the conduct of the case. \par \par In a criminal trial, such a delay is a matter of concern.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Delay in the hearing of proceedings assists no one.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Prosecution witnesses forget the details of their evidence, or migrate, or die.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The accused person has to live with the case }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 hanging over his head.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 He or she may find it difficult to find witnesses.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The court may not recollect the demeanour of witnesses who gave evidence months previously.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 When a criminal hearing is delayed, there is a considerable risk of prejudice to the accused, of frustration of the public interest in bringing offenders to justice, and of mal}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 administration of justice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 In cases of delay, a court must consider whether the accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 s right to a fair trial has been jeopardised by the lapse of time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 If the delay renders the prosecution and continuation of the trial, an abuse of the process, the High Court may order a stay of proceedings (}{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Connolly }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 v}{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 DPP}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 (1964) 48 Cr. App. R. 183) or may allow an appeal against conviction on the ground that the accused had failed to receive a fair trial. \par \par The delay in this case can be attributed to the defence, and also to the learned Magistrate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The prosecution appears to have been invariably ready to proceed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 However irrespective of who caused the delay, the real question is whether the Appellant was prejudiced.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 I do not think that he was.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The prosecution called all its witnesses in July 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 They were cross}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 examined by counsel.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 There was no answer given by any of them that suggested that there was a lapse of memory.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The accused gave evidence in September 2001 and gave his answers with no suggestion that he had forgotten events.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 He did not call any witnesses.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Up to the end of the defence case, there appears to have been no prejudice to the Appellant in the conduct of his case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Indeed documents purporting to be promissory notes and tax invoices were available and were tendered by the witnesses. \par \par After the defence case closed, there was a considerable delay while the learned Magistrate prepared his judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Despite the heavy workload of the Magistrate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 s Court, such a delay is quite unacceptable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 It exposes the Magistrates to allegations that Constitutional rights have been breached, and it causes frustration amongst all parties involved in the litigation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 In this case, it has led counsel for the Appellant to submit that the Appellant was so frustrated that he pleaded guilty in order to bring the case to an end. \par \par In this case however, the delay after the case was heard and before the judgment was delivered, did not prejudice the Appellant in his defence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 By April 2002, the defence case was over, and could not have been affected by the delay from October 2001 to April 2002. \par \par For these reasons, the first two grounds of appeal fail. \par \par Ground (c) is that the learned Magistrate erred in failing to disqualify himself.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Unfortunately the motion, and affidavit relevant to the application, and the learned Magistrate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 s ruling were not on the court record.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The original Magistrate}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 s Court file had to be trawled through to find the necessary papers, and to provide them to counsel. \par \par On a perusal of those papers, it appears that the grounds for the application for disqualification, were that in a prev ious case involving the Appellant, his previous convictions had been referred to in the judgment of the Court of Appeal, and had been placed by the State, in the course of proceedings, before the learned Magistrate.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 That case was referred to as Case No. 1945 of 1997.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The previous convictions were referred to in the Court of Appeal decision in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Ramesh Chand }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Cr. App. No. 50, 51 & 52 of 1991. \par \par In his ruling, the learned Magistrate correctly referred to the test for bias as decided in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Amina Koya }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 State}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Crim. App. No. CAV0002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 .19}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 97, as being whether a reasonable and informed person would consider there was a real danger of bias or that he would reasonably apprehend or suspect bias.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 He further referred to the decision of Grant C.J. in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid11881828 Reg }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829\charrsid11881828 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid11881828 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829\charrsid11881828 -}{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid11881828 Resident Magistrate ex parte Taniela Veitata}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid11881828 23 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13576734 [19}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11881828\charrsid11881828 77] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid11881828 FLR 172}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 which was that: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 I know of no authority which precludes any court from hearing several separate and distinct charges against the same accused arising on different occasions.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Were courts to be limited to one hearing per accused then it might well be found that the judicial system would break down.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Such a system would lead to inordinate delays and would result in delayed justice which in itself would be intolerable.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 This would be very apparent in those jurisdictions where there is only one magistrate sitting in isolation. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 So far as the court knowing the accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 s antecedents is concerned there is nothing unusual or prejudicial to the accused in such being the case,.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 There is a wealth of cases, relating to the court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 s being advised, when bail is opposed, as to the accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 s previous convictions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par These remarks constitute a complete answer to this ground of appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 It is dismissed. \par \par The next ground of appeal was that the Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 s plea of guilty was not unequivocal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The sudden change of plea, after months of pre}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 trial preparation, evidence and submissions was c ertainly extraordinary. Further, and most significantly, the Appellant changed his plea on the one day he was not represented by counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Although he told the Magistrate that he was pleading freely and without the benefit of counsel being present, there is nothing on the record to suggest that the Appellant had dispensed with the services of his lawyer, or that the learned Magistrate made any attempt to find out where counsel was.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Counsel for the Appellant (who was then appearing for the Appellant in the lo wer court) said frankly that if his client had told him of his intention to change his plea, he would have advised him not to do so, firstly because he had a good defence, and secondly because the trial was over bar the judgment. \par \par The right to counsel is not, of course, an absolute right.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 It must be balanced against the right to a trial without delay, and the rights of the public to ensure that offenders are brought to justice without delay.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The question is not whether the accused had counsel, but whether he/she was prejudiced by lack of counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 In the case of a guilty plea, where the accused is unrepresented, the Magistrate/Judge has a special duty to ensure that the charge is understood, that the facts disclose all the ingredients of the offence, that the accused is not raising a possible defence, and that the plea of guilty is clear, unambiguous and unequivocal. (}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Michael Iro }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Reg}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3948636 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 1966}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3948636 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 12 FLR 104, }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Anania Nawaqa & Ors. }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 Misc. Action No. HBM0014.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 2000L). \par \par In this case, not only was the Appellant unrepresented when he suddenly changed his plea;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 when the facts were outlined, he disputed the amount of money he obtained from the complainant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 In his evidence, in the course of trial, he had similarly disputed the amounts of money he had purportedly obtained.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The learned Magistrate did not ask the Appellant if he understood that he was admitting obtaining the money by falsely pretending he could obtain visas, and if he understood that he was admitting that the money obtained was not a loan.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 After all, the Appellant, during the trial had maintained his defence that the monies obtained were loans.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The disputing of the amount of money allegedly obtained, ought to have put the learned Magistrate on his guard against pos sible prejudice as a result of lack of representation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Further, he disputed receiving any passport.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Again, that was consistent with his defence that the monies obtained were loans, and not obtained by a false promise to obtain visas. \par \par In the circumstances I consider that the Appellant was prejudiced by lack of representation on the 27}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 of March 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 I further consider that the plea of guilty was not unequivocal and I quash it accordingly.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 It follows that the sentence must also be quashed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 In the course of the hearing of this appeal, counsel for the Appellant submitted that there was no conviction formally entered.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Although this is not strictly relevant because the conviction is quashed for other reasons, I note that a conviction was entered on the delivery of sentence.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Finally, in respect of ground (g), this is in my view, not an appropriate case for a Newton hearing once the facts were disputed.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The pleas should have been quashed, and the Magistrate should have proceeded to judgment. \par \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Sentence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par \par The sentence is quashed because the plea was invalid.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 However counsel raised valid arguments about the accuracy of the Appellant}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 s previous convictions record, which I hope State counsel noted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The sentencing process depends on accurate records of previous convictions. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 This means that the records must be regularly up}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 -}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 dated and all convictions set aside on appeal must be expunged from the record. \par \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Result}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par \par The conviction and sentence are quashed on the ground that the Appellant was prejudiced by lack of legal representation, and his plea was equivocal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 However, the appeal against conviction on the ground of unconscionable delay and bias is unsuccessful.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 It follows that the proceedings up to the change of plea, are valid.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 All that remains is the judgment of the learned Magistrate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 I therefore order that the learned Magistrate proceed to judgment as expeditiously as possible.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 The conduct of these proceedings has encountered enough delay already. \par \par The Appellant may apply for bail in the Magistrate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 s Court forthwith.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 Nazhat Shameem \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 JUDGE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8716829 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 \par At Suva \par 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 rd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13595531\charrsid8716829 October 2002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8716829 \par }}