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{\creatim\yr2006\mo3\dy28\hr14\min29}{\revtim\yr2006\mo3\dy28\hr14\min29}{\version2}{\edmins1}{\nofpages11}{\nofwords3342}{\nofchars19056}{\*\company USP}{\nofcharsws22354}{\vern16391}}\margl2160\margr2160 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\notabind\wraptrsp\transmf\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\truncatefontheight\subfontbysize\sprsbsp\wpjst\lytprtmet\hyphcaps0\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3 \jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale100\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot14383323 \fet0\sectd \sbknone\linex0\headery1440\footery1440\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14383323\sftnbj {\header \pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\pvpara\posx0\posy0\absw7921\nowrap\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid3937955 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3937955 11}}}{ \insrsid3937955 \par }\pard \ql \li-720\ri-720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin-720\lin-720\itap0 {\insrsid3937955 \par }\pard \ql 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{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 STATE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 v \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 PUBLIC SERVICE APPEAL BOARD \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 First Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 AMRIKA PRASAD \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Interested Party/Second Respondent \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Ex parte: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 SARAN DEO \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Applicant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Mr. R.P. Singh for the Applicant \par Mr. J. Raidrokadroka for 1st Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par This is an application by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Saran Deo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 applicant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 ) for judicial review arising out of an appeal from the decision of the Ministry of Education provisionally promoting }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Amrika Prasad}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 second respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 ) to the post of Assistant Head Teacher in Grade ED5B at Khemendra Bhartiya School and the subsequent decision of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Public Service Appeal Board}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Board}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 )on appeal holding: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The Appeal Board has considered your appeal and decided to disallow it.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The reason is that Mr. Prasad has an edge over you in terms of holding the higher substantive grade ED6A.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The relief sought and grounds}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The applicant seeks the following relief (as per the Notice of Motion):}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 An }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 order of certiorari}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 to remove the said decision of the Public Service Appeal Board dated 2 April 2002 into this Court and be quashed. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 A }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 declaration}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 that the Board holding that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Mr. Prasad has an edge over you in terms of holding the higher substantive grade ED6A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 is unsustainable, it is in excess of jurisdiction, erroneous, totally incorrect, unreasonable, unfair and ultra vires. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 A }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 declaration}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 that the second respondent did not meet the MQR, nor qualify to apply for the said vacant post of Assistant Head Teacher by virtue of his last promotion on 27.3.00 in grade ED6A as he had not served the required service of two years in that grade at the closing of the said vacancy on 21.12.00. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 A }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 declaration}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 that the Board failed to apply the mandatory provisions of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 section 140(b) and (c)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 1997 Constitution of Fiji}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 in that the applicant had }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 better merit}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 than the second respondent. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 A }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 declaration}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 that the Board}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 s reason for dismissing the appeal cannot be applied as it is null and void; it was in contravention of the said section 140 of the Constitution; was in breach of }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 section 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 of the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Public Service Act 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 as there was denial of natural justice, improper, unfair, unreasonable and in breach of the legitimate expectations of the applicant. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 An order of mandamas directing the Board to reconsider the appeal on merit and promote the applicant.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11744417 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Costs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Consideration of the application}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par \par This judicial review is from the said decision of the Board.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Leave to apply as well as stay of the decision was granted by this Court. \par \par An Affidavit in Reply to the applicant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 s application of 6 May 2002 was filed by Rajka Prasad, the Secretary to the Board.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 He deposed that the Board received submissions from the parties and these were exchanged.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The applicant replied to the Ministry of Education}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 s submissions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Then on 3 March 2002 this appeal was heard and the decision was given on 7 April 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 He said that the decision was made in accordance with the provisions of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Public Service Act No. 8 of 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 . \par \par In this judicial review application Mr. Singh has thrown the whole book at me as far as his grounds for relief are concerned.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Some of the grounds overlap and they can be dealt with together.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The written submission lacks cohesion and it is too lengthy with a lot of repetition.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 I think it will be wise for a counsel to bear the following comments in this connection in the judgment of Fiji Court of Appeal delivered 14 November 1997 in }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Victor Jan Kaisiepo and The Minister for Immigration}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (Civ. App. No. 54/96S) at p3 in the hope that what is stated therein will be borne in mind in future: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The grounds of the application were numerous and included a denial of natural justice, on the grounds of not giving a fair hearing and bias, taking into consideration irrelevant matters, failing to take into account relevant matter s, acting unreasonably, not giving regard to or taking into account the legitimate expectations of the applicant and failing to give reasons for the decision.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 In effect, the appellant raised almost all imaginable grounds available in administrative law to challenge the decision but did not make clear what matters were relied upon to support the individual grounds.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 This is an unacceptable procedure when}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 seeking judicial review.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 We add, that adopting this scatter}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 -}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 gun approach is inimical to the applicant}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f169\fs24}}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 s prospects of success for the Court is left unclear as to what are the important issues in the case.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Principles pertaining to judicial review}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 One must understand the basic concepts pertaining to the subject of administrative law when applying for judicial review.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Judicial review is }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 not an appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 from a decision but is a }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 review}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 of the manner in which the decision was made.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 It is concerned, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 not with the decision but with decision}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 -}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 making process.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Unless that restriction on the power of the Court is observed, the Court will, in my view, under the guise of preventing the abuse of power, be itself guilty of usurping power}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Lord Brightman}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Chief Constable of the North Wales Police v Evans}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 [1982] 1 WLR 1155 at 1173).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Further in that case }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Lord Hailsham}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 at 1160 commented on the purpose of the remedy by way of judicial review under Order 53}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 as follows which is apt and should be kept in mind: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 This remedy, vastly increased in extent, and rendered, over a long period in recent years, of infinitely more convenient acc ess than that provided by the old prerogative writs and actions for a declaration, is intended to protect the individual against the abuse of power by a wide range of authorities, judicial, quasi}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 -}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 judicial, and, as would originally have been thought when I first practised at the Bar, administrative.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 It is not intended to take away from those authorities the powers and discretions properly vested in them by law and to substitute the courts as the bodies making the decisions.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 It is intended to see that the relevant authorities use their powers in a proper manner.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 In a judicial review the Court is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 not as much concerned with the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 merits}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 of the decision as with the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 way }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 in which it was reached}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Evans}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 , supra at 1174).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Also, as put by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Lord Templeman}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 in }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Reg. v Inland Revenue Commissioners, Ex parte Preston}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (1985) A.C. 835 at 862 that: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Judicial review is available where a decision}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 -}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 making authority exceeds its powers, commits an error of law, commits a breach of natural justice, reaches a decision which no reasonable tribunal could have reached, or abuses its powers}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 .}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 One of the purposes of judicial review is to ensure that that an applicant is given a }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 fair treatment}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 by the decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 making body in question.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The judicial review jurisdiction is supervisory in nature.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The Court confines itself to the question of legality when reviewing a decision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 s concern is with whether a decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 making authority }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 exceeded its powers}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 , committed an }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 error of law}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 , committed a breach of the rules of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 natural justice,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 reached a decision which no reasonable tribunal could have reached or abused its powers. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Consideration of grounds of review}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par \par I shall now consider the various grounds of review under some of the major heads in the light of the principles pertaining to judicial review of a decision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The modern heads of judicial review jurisdictions in respect of a decision are }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 illegality}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 irrationality}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 procedural impropriety}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 , or abuse of power as summarised in 1984}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 in }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 [1985] AC 374).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Illegality}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 is synonym for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 error of law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 which includes the taking into account of an irrelevant consideration or failure to take relevant consideration into account.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Irrationality}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 describes a decision }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 which is so outrageous in its defiance of logic or of accepted moral standards that no sensible person who had applied his mind to the question to be decided could have arrived at it}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 . (}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 CCS Unions}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (supra) at 951). \par \par I have before me written and oral submission from both counsel and have read all the affidavits filed herein and have given these due consi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 deration.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Procedural impropriety \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The head of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 procedural impropriety}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 includes }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 failure to observe basic rules of natural justice and failure to act with procedural fairness.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The requirements of natural justice go to the procedure adopted by the decision taken and the need to allow each party an opportunity to put his case}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Immigration Law & Practice by Jackson }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 at 19.13). \par \par The Appeal before the Board is governed by the provisions of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Public Service Act 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Act}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 ).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Sections 25}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 and }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 26}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 of the Act are relevant to the issues before me and I find that the Board complied with them.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 One relevant section is }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 s26(6)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 which provides: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (6) At the hearing of an appeal }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 -}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 the appellant is entitled to be present and may be represented by a legal practitio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 ner or by any other person; and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 the officer or person against whose promotion or appointment the appeal has been lodged is entitled to be heard in such manner as the Appeal Board thinks fit and may be represented by a legal practitioner or by any other person.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 This section was fully complied with.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The applicant was given every opportunity of being heard and make submissions and he availed himself of that right. \par \par The other important section is }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 s26(9)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 This has also been complied with.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 It provides: \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (9)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls3\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 In the conduct of an appeal, the Appeal Board is not bound by the procedures, legal forms and rules of evidence of a court of law but should }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 -}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls3\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 accord natural justice to the parties to the appeal; \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls3\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 keep a written record of its proceedings; and \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls3\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 give reasons for its decision on the appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\outlinelevel1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 In the whole of the lengthy written submission, one aspect, and that seems to be the crux of the applicant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 s argument through his counsel, which sticks out is that on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 merits}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 , in the applicant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 s view, he should have been promoted and not the second respondent. \par \par Although Mr. Singh threw in a number of grounds to review but the thrust of his argument is and he laboured on this point, that the applicant is better qualified than the second respondent and hence he should have been promoted.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 This line of argument is clearly asking the Court to consider the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 merits}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 of the case, but as I said hereabove on authorities that that is not the function of the court in a judicial revi ew. \par \par Counsel ought to remember that this application for judicial review is not an appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 It is a protection and not a weapon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Lord Keith}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Lonrho plc v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 [1989] 2 All E.R. 609 at 617).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 In an }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 the court is concerned with the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 merits}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 of the decision under appeal but not so in a judicial review.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 In this regard in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Re Amin}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 [1983] 2 AC 818 at 829,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Lord Fraser}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 observed that: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Judicial review is concerned not with the merits of the decision but with the manner in which the decision was made . . . Judicial review is entirely different from an ordinary appeal.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 It is made effective by the court quashing an administrative decision without substituting its own decision, and is to be contrasted with an appeal where the ap pellate tribunal substitutes its own decision on the merits for that of the administrative officer}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}} {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 And I have said earlier on, bearing in mind the authorities and the principles governing }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 judicial review}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 , it is not within the province of this Court when considering an application for judicial review to delve}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 into the merits of a decision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par \par Because Mr. Singh has laboured this point at great lengths, and thereby to my mind introduced irrelevant matters for this Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 s consideration}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 I ought to say a lit tle bit more on this aspect. \par \par The following remarks of the then Chief Justice (Sir Timoci Tuivaga) in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Bulou Eta Kacalaini Vosailagi v The Native Lands Commission and Ratu \par Sakuisa Kuruicivi Makutu and Native Land Trust Board }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (High Court Civil Action No. 19 of 1988) is apt on the question of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 merits}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 : \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 At this point it should be made clear that this Court has no jurisdiction to decide the merits of the Ka Levu dispute.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The Court has no function in that regard.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 } {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The Court}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 s function is to ensure that the process by which the Commission arrived}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 at its decision in the inquiry under Section 17(i) of the Act was done in accordance with the law.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 In other words, it is the decision making process of the Commission as a statutory tribunal which is under review by this Court and not the merits of the decision itself}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 And on page 20 the Chief Justice goes on to say:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 As already noted it is not for this Court to decide the merits of the Ka Levu dispute.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 That decision belongs elsewhere.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The function of this Court is to ensure that the Commission as a statutory tribunal acted in accordance with the law in relation to the inquiry held under Section 17(1) of the Act.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Whether the Commission came to the right or wrong decision according to Fijian custom and tradition is not for this Court to say.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The instant case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Now let me examine the nature of the case before me.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Here, the second respondent was provisionally promoted by the Ministry of Education and the applicant was aggrieved by the said decision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 On appeal to the Board on the ground of what could be termed alleged }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 superior qualification}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 he did not succeed. \par \par In a situation such as the present the Board was expected to do its best to reach a judgment on materials before it supplemented by such inquiries as it thought}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 fit to make.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 A decision as to the factors to be considered is one for the Board, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 which is to be treated in this regard as an expert body}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 to use the words of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Fox J}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Hurt v Rossall and Others}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 1982 64 F.L.R. 102 at 110, Federal court of Australia. \par \par In this case the applicant and the second respondent each presented his own case based on his own credentials.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 After hearing both sides the Board came to a decision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Hence there is no fault in the decision}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 making process.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Both parties were heard in accordance with the said provisions of the Act.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 There was nothing wrong in the procedure adopted by the Board.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 There was no denial of natural justice as alleged. \par \par There has to be }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 procedural fairness}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 As }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Fox J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 said in }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Hurt }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (supra) at 108: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Certainly, what natural justice requires in one case may be quite different from what it requires in another.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 In Russell v. Duke of Norfolk [1949] 1 All E.R. 109, at p. 118, Tucker L.J. said: }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The requirements of natural justice must depend on the circumstances of the case, the nature o f the inquiry, the rules under which the tribunal is acting, the subject}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 -}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 matter that is being dealt with, and so forth.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Kitto J. stated the situation in an often cited passage in Mobil Oil Australia Pty. Ltd. v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1963) 113 C.L.R. 475, at p. 504: }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 What the law requires in the discharge of a quasi}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 -}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 judicial function is judicial fairness.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 This is}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 not a label for any fixed body of rules.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 What is fair in a given situation depends upon the circumstances.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 In considering the application of the principles of natural justice I consider the following passage from the judgment of }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Lord Morris of Borth}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 -y-}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Gest}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 in the House of Lords case of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Wiseman v Borneman}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (1971) A.C. 297 at 308}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 309 pertinent: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 My Lords, that the conception of natural justice should at all stages guide those who discharge judicial functions is not merely an acceptable but is an essential part of the philosophy of the law.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 We often speak of the rules of natural justice.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 But there is nothing rigid or mechanical about them.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 What they comprehend has been analysed and described in many authorities.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 But any analysis must bring into relief rather their spirit and their inspiration than any precision of definition or precision as to application.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 We do not search for prescriptio ns which will lay down exactly what must, in various divergent situations, be done.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The principles and procedures are to be applied which, in any particular situation or set of circumstances, are right and just and fair.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Natural justice, it has been said, is only }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 fair play in action}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 .}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Nor do we wait for directions from Parliament.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The common law has abundant riches: there may we find what Byles J. called the justice of the common law}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt \f169\fs24}}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (Cooper v. Wandsworth Board of Works (1863) 14 C.B.N.S. 180, 194).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The Act requires that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 natural justice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 should be accorded to the parties to the appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 As I said this was done on the evidence before me.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The decision that the Board was to make had to be arrived at by simply inquiring into the capability and diligence etc o f the applicant and the second respondent based on the material of professional and academic character presented to the Board and to see that the person promoted is a fitter person for the post.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 They came up with a decision that the second respondent has an }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 edge}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 over the applicant.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The Court does not interfere in this exercise as there are certain statutory powers vested in the Board which it exercised }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 properly unless there are obvious or glaring errors.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 As was said in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Ansell v Wells & Others}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 63 FLR 127 a t 133 by}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Franki J:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The major purpose of the legislation is to ensure, in the public interest, that the most efficient person is appointed to the position.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 There is of course, a need to ensure that the promotion should be made in a way which is fair, that it is likely to promote harmony in the public service, and that public servants have no legitimate grievance in relation to the selection of the person to be promoted to a vacant position.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Here the statute has conferred power on the Board to make a decis ion affecting the rights or legitimate expectations of the applicant, and it has also stated that the natural justice or the duty to be fair should be accorded. \par \par To conclude on this aspect, in my view, there was no denial of natural justice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 It is not a ca se in which relief should be granted on that ground.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The Board considered all the relevant material including the said section of Constitution of which the applicant complains about so forcefully. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Section 140(b) and (c) of 1997 Constitution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par \par Mr. Singh submits that the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 s.140 (b)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (c)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 1997 Constitution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 requires that}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 appointment and promotion in the public service be made on merit which he says}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 basically includes consideration of qualification, experience and performance of each applicant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 . \par \par Here again on this ground Mr. Singh is indirectly suggesting that the Court look into the merits by analyzing the qualifications and experience, inter alia, of the applicant and that of the second respondent who does not merit promotion. \par \par The short answer to Mr. Singh}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 s argument on this ground is that the matters that he has raised have all been fully dealt with by the Board.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par \par For these reasons I find that there is no breach of the provisions of the Constitution as alleged and hence there is no merit on this ground of review. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Reason for decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par \par Mr. Singh submits that the Board failed to give proper reasons for its decision as required under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 s26(9)(c)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 of the Act. \par \par It is clear that the Act requires under s26(9)(c) that the Board }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 should}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 give reasons for its decisions. \par \par In this case the Board has in its letter clearly stated that the second Respondent has an }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 edge}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 over the applicant and therefore he is entitled to be promoted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 That clearly is the reason for its decision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 What more does the applicant expect?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The Board could have said more on its reason but there was no need to do so.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The nature of the case was such that it involved analyzing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 ,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 inter alia, the qualifications and experience of these two teachers and after performing that exercise the Board came to a decision for the reason stated by it.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 In this type of situation the Court does not interfere and attempt to substitute its own view to that of the Board unless of course there are breaches of the accepted grounds for the review of a decision in a judicial review. \par \par In regard to the mode of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 reason}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 giving}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 , }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 His Lordship Sir Louis Blom }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 -}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Cooper Q.C }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Regina v Lambath London Borough Council Ex parte Walters}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 1993 TLR 483 at 485 made the following observation which I consider ought to be noted in a case of this nature:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Setting too high a standard of reason}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 -}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 giving might produce the unfortunate result of over}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 -}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 legalising what was quintessentially an informal procedure of public}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 administration.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The question was always one of degree, not that reasons should or should not be required.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Here I find the reason given as adequate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 To use the words of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Hooper J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Regina v Ministry of Defence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Ex Parte Murray}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 1997 TLR (C.A.):}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Judicial review was unlikely to succeed where the reasons were easily discernible albeit not expressed or where no other conclusion than that reached was realistically possible.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 It should not be thought that if the reason given is short that it would normally result in quashing the decision as much will depend on the circumstances of each case.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 This is not one such case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The articulation of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 short reason}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 as here}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 would not frustrate or impede the exercise by the court of its customary powers.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 On the contrary, it would enable the court to ensure that its decision in every case were sound and manifestly just and in the interests of the City}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Regina v Corporation of the City of London and Another, Ex parte Matson}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 1995 TLR 528). \par \par The Board had taken into account all that they ought to have and have not looked at irrelevant matters.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The decision was not unreasonable in a }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Wednesbury}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 sense. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Legitimate expectation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par \par Bearing in mind the facts of this case and the nature of the issue before the Board no question of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 legitimate expectation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 arose.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 The two teachers were eyeing for the same post and the Board looked at the merits of each applicant and came to a decision. \par \par It has been said that legitimate expectation }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 arises where a person responsible for taking a decision has induced in someone who may be affected by the decision a reasonable expectation that he wil l receive or retain a benefit or that he will be granted a hearing before the decision is taken}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 (}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Judicial Review of Administrative Action by De Smith, Woolf and Jowell}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 , 5}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Ed. 417, 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 -}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 037).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417\charrsid11744417 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 No such situation existed here, but then of course }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 62 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 legitimate expectations}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 have arisen in many different circumstances and there is no exhaustive list of these situations. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Conclusion}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par \par In the outcome, for the reasons given hereabove the relief sought are all refused. \par \par Therefore, the application for judicial review is dismissed with costs to the first respondent in the sum of $300.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11744417 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 D. Pathik \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 Acting Chief Justice}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744417 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par At Suva \par 31 October 2002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14383323\charrsid11744417 \par }}