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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Hearing:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 20th September 2002
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\par 
\par Counsel:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Appellant in Person
\par Mr G. Allen for State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 The Appellant appeals against conviction and sentence in respect of the following charges:
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 FIRST COUNT
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Statement of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 RAPE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
: Contrary to section 149 and 150 of the Penal Code Cap. 17.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Particulars of Offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 SURESH MANI s/o PAPPAIYA between the 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 st}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484  day of January, 1999 and the 31}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
 day of December, 1999 at Nadi in the Western Division, had unlawful carnal knowledge of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 [the complainant]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484  d/o RAM LINGAM without her consent

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 SECOND COUNT
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Statement of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 RAPE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 : Contrary to s
ection 149 and 150 of the Penal Code Cap. 17.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Particulars of Offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 SURESH MANI s/o PAPPAIYA between the 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 st}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484  day of January, 1999 and the 31}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
 day of December, 1999 at Nadi in the Western Division had unlawful carnal knowledge of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 [the complainant]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484  d/o RAM LINGAM without her consent.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par The case was first called on 25}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484  April 2002 in the Nadi Magistrate}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 s Court.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Before the charges were read, he was told that he had a Constitutional right to counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 He said he did not want counsel but asked to have his brother}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 in}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 law present.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 His brother}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
law, one Mr Chandra Naidu was present in court during the proceedings.
\par 
\par The charges were then read and explained to the Appellant in Hindi.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 He said he understood them.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 He elected Magistrate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 s Court trial, and pleaded guilty on both counts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 The record contains the following statement by the Appellant:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 I have pleaded guilty to both counts on my own free will and was not influenced whatsoever by anyone to do so.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par The facts were then read by the prosecutor.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 They were that the victim, a 10 year old girl was the step}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 daughter of the Appellant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
She lived with him and her mother at Navo, Nadi.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 In 1999, her brother became ill, and was admitted at the Lautoka Hospital.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Her mother stayed at the hospital with him between the 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 st}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484  of October 1999 and the 31}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484  of December 1999.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 During this time, the Appellant went to the victim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 s bed during the night and woke her up.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 He threatened her, telling her not to make a noise.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
He tied one of her hands to the frame of the bed, and the other to the shelf of the prayer stand.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
He tied a piece of cloth around her mouth and tied her legs apart to the bed frame.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
He then pulled her clothes off, committed several acts of indecency on her, and raped her.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 She screamed.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 She was overheard by a neighbour who called out from his house, asking what was happening.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 The Appellant said that the victim was frightened.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
He stopped raping her, untied her and went to sleep.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 The victim told her aunt about the incident the next morning.
\par 
\par One week later the Appellant repeated his act of rape.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 The victim again told her aunt about it the next morning.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Her aunt went to Lautoka Hospital and told the victim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 s mother about the complaint.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 When she returned to Nadi a week later, she asked her daughter about the incident.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 She told her mother what had happened.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
The Appellant was then confronted by his wife.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 He denied raping his step}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 daughter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 He began to ill}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 treat her by beating her and chased her out of the house on 26}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484  March 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 A policewoman who witnessed the incident took the vic
tim home with her.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 On 21}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 st}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484  April 2002, the victim told the policewoman what had happened to her in 1999.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 The Appellant was interviewed under caution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
In that interview, the Appellant admitted raping his step}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 daughter after tying her hands and feet with pie
ces of cloth, on two separate occasions.
\par 
\par The Appellant admitted these facts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 In mitigation he said he was 31 years old and living with the victim}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 s mother in a de facto relationship.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 He said he had two children of his own, and that he was remorseful about the offences.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 He asked for forgiveness.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 His brother}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
law also addressed the court saying that: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 we admit what the Accused has done and there are two children to be looked after.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Also they are schooling.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par 
\par The court after considering the Court of Appeal guidelines in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Mohammed Kasim }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484  State}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484  Crim. App. 21/93 and the guidelines in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Billam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
 (1986) 8 Cr. App. R(S), listed the aggravating features of the case as follows:
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4476484 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 the tender years of the victim;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4476484 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 the relationship between Accused and victim;
\par }\pard\plain \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4476484 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 (iii)\tab the vio
lence used on the victim during the rape;
\par (iv)\tab other acts of indecency carried out on the victim;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (v)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4476484 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 the breach of trust;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (vi)\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4476484 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 the age gap between accused and victim.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par He listed the mitigating factors as}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls3\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4476484 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 the early guilty plea;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}good character;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}remorse;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}the accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 s disadvantaged background.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par The learned Magistrate was of the view that the appropriate sentence on each count was 7 years imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
However because the Magistrate has limited jurisdiction, he imposed a sentence of 5 years imprisonment on each count to be served consecutively.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 In totality, the Appellant was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment.
\par 
\par The Appellant appeals against conviction and sentence on the following grounds:
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls4\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4476484 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 The Appellant was prejudiced by lack of counsel;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}The plea was not unequivocal;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls4\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4476484 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 The facts did not disclose the offences;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls4\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4476484 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 The sentences should have been concurrent and not consecutive;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (v)\tab}The sentence offended the totality principle.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 The conviction}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par 
\par It is correct that the Appellant was unrepresented at the hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Indeed, he was unrepresented at the appeal hearing.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 However he was clearly told of his right to counsel, and he just as clearly waived that right.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Korponay }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484  Attorney}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 General of Canada}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
 (1982) 1 SCR 41, it was held by the Supreme Court of Canada (per Lamer CJ at p.202) that any waiver to the right to counsel must be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
... clear and unequivocal that the person is waiving the procedural safeguard and is doing so with full knowledge of the rights the procedure was enacted to protect and of the effect the waiver will have on those rights.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par The Appellant was told of his right to counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 He waived his right, opting instead to have a relative present.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 The proceedings were conducted fairly, the Magistrate taking pains to ensure that no pressure had been put on the Appellant to plead guilty.

\par 
\par In the circumstances I am satisfied not only that the Appellant waived his right to counsel, but that he was not prejudiced by lack of legal representation and that his plea was unequivocal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Finally, the facts outlined clearly disclosed the charges including the victim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 s lack of consent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
Lack of consent and the Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
s knowledge of lack of consent, was apparent from the fact that he felt the need to tie her arms and legs to the bed frame, and to tie a piece of cloth around her mouth.
\par 
\par The appeal against conviction fails.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484\charrsid4476484 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Sentence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par 
\par The Appellant did not pursue his appeal against sentence with any conviction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
At the hearing of the appeal, he simply said the sentence was too harsh.
\par 
\par State counsel invited me to enhance the sentence, saying that the facts of the case clearly called for a higher sentence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
I agree that the sentence on each count was far below the tariff for the rape of children.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 In }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Mark Lawrence Mutch }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 v}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484  The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  Crim. App. AAU0060.19}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 99 the Court of Appeal said that a sentence of 10 years imprisonment was the minimum appropriate in a case of the rape of a child on one count.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 If the Appellant had been sentenced in the High Court, he might have received a sentence in excess of 10 years imprisonment.
\par 
\par Section 319(2) of the Criminal Procedure Code provides:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
(2) At the hearing of an appeal whether against conviction or against sentence, the Supreme Court may, if it thinks that a different sentence should have been passed, quash the sentence passed by the magistrate}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 s court and pass s
uch other sentence warranted in law, whether more or less severe, in substitution therefor as it thinks ought to have been passed.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Eri Mateni }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 v}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484  State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
 Cr. App. No. AAU0021 of 1998S, the Court of Appeal, in construing this section, said that the High Court could not increase the sentence beyond the jurisdictional limit of the Magistrate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 s Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 The Court approved the decision of the Fiji Court of Appeal in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 DPP }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -
}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484  Gaj Raj Singh}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484  24 FLR 43 which was that:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 On appeal against sentence from a Magistrate}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 s Court the Supreme Court may increase the sentence up to, but not beyond, the limit of the magistrate}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 s jurisdiction in that respect.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par Both decisions approved the following principles in relation to the jurisdiction of an appeal court, set out in Sohoni}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 s Code of Criminal Procedure 15}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484  Ed. p.2230:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
It is a fundamental principle that every Court of Appeal exists, for the purpose, where necessary, of doing or causing to be done, that which each Court subordinate to its appellate jurisdiction should have bu
t has not done, or cause to be done, and nothing further.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
Therefore the jurisdiction in appeal is necessarily limited in each case to the same extent as the jurisdiction from which that particular case comes.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 It is a proposition which cannot be disputed that all powers conferred upon an appellate Court, as such, must be interpreted as subject to the general rule above stated.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 All jurisdiction starts with the first Court and remains a constant factor throughout all subsequent stages of the suit or proceeding
 governed by it.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par For this reason, I am unable to enhance the Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 s sentence, although I agree with State counsel that the Appellant received a lower sentence than he deserved.
\par 
\par It follows that the Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
s appeal against sentence fails.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 The learned Magistrate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 s sentencing remarks show that he was guided by principle, and that he considered all aggravating and mitigating factors.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 The sentences passed are not excessive and the appeal against sentence is unsuccessful.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Result}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 
\par 
\par The Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 s appeal
 against conviction and sentence, is dismissed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 Nazhat Shameem
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 JUDGE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4476484 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 At Suva
\par 27}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1330451\charrsid4476484  September 2002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476484 
\par }}