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\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 058 OF 2002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002\charrsid4741002 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Between:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002\charrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002\charrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 SEMISI LASIKE
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 And:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002\charrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002\charrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 THE STATE
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002\charrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7037187 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002\charrsid4741002 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Hearing:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 28}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11600427\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  August 2002
\par Judgment:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 13}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  September 2002
\par }{\insrsid10560955\charrsid7037187 
\par Counsel:}{\insrsid4741002\charrsid7037187  }{\insrsid10560955\charrsid7037187 Mr. K. Maraiwai for Appellant
\par Mr. B. Solanki for State}{\insrsid4741002\charrsid7037187 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002\charrsid4741002 JUDGMENT}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002\charrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The Appellant (who is also the Respondent by virtue of the cross}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
appeal by the Director of Public Prosecutions) was convicted of Dangerous Driving on 30}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
 May 2002 in the Suva Magistrates Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He had been charged with the following offences:
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 FIRST COUNT
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Statement of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 CAUSING DEATH BY DANGEROUS DRIVING}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 : Contrary to section 238(1) of the Penal Code, Cap. 17.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Particulars of Offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 SEMISI LASIKE on the 27}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
 day of June, 2000 at Nausori in the Central Division, drove a motor vehicle on Princess Road, Navuso in a manner which was dangerous to the public having regards to all the circumstances of the case and thereby caused the death of AKUILA DRESA.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002\charrsid4741002 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 SECOND COUNT
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Statement of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 DRIVING MOTOR VEHICLE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DRINKS/DRUGS}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 : Contrary to section 39 of the Traffic Act 176.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Particulars of Offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 SEMISI LASIKE on the 27}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
 day of June, 2000 at Nausori in the Central Division being the driver of a motor vehicle drove the said vehicle on the Princess Road, Navuso whilst under the influence of drinks/drugs to such an extent that was incapable of being in proper control of the
 said vehicle.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par The Appellant pleaded not guilty and the case proceeded to trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The Appellant was represented by counsel until the 22}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 nd }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 of April 2002, when counsel did not appear.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The trial proceeded.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The prosecutor called eight witnesses.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The Appellant chose to remain silent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He called no witnesses.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 On 30}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
 May 2002 the learned Magistrate found that the Appellant was not guilty of the charges, but was guilty on Count 1, of the lesser offence of Dangerous Driving.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The Appellant was a first offender.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The le
arned Magistrate sentenced him as follows (at page 50 of the record):
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
This is indeed a tragic case, where a young couple were mowed down by a vehicle driven by Semisi Lasike, the accused person.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
As a result of his manner of driving, the late Akuila Dresa was killed ..... The accused is sentenced to 1 year imprisonment.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
Also disqualified from obtaining or in possession of a Driving licence for two years.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002\charrsid4741002 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 In the course of his sentencing remarks, the learned Magistrate referred to sentencing authorities such as }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Boswell}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  (1984) 6 Cr. App. R(s) 287, which are relevant to cases of Causing Death by Dangerous Driving.
\par 
\par The Appellant appeals against conviction and sentence on the following grounds:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7037187 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7037187 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 That the learned Magistrate erred in law and fact in sentencing 
the Appellant to 12 months imprisonment for Dangerous Driving contrary to Section 38(1) of the Traffic Act, Cap. 176 (pursuant to Section 176 of the Criminal Procedure Code, Cap. 21) when the offence for which the Appellant was convicted with is not known
 in law and contrary to section 28(1)(j) of the Constitutional Amendment Act Number 3 of 1997 as amended by Act No. 5 of 1998.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7037187 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7037187 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 That the learned Magistrate erred in law and fact in convicting the Appellant by using unlawfully obtained evidence contrary t
o section 28(1)(e) of the Constitution Amendment Act Number 13 of 1997 as amended by Act No. 5 of 1998.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7037187 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7037187 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
That the learned Magistrate erred in law and fact in convicting the Appellant when none of the prosecution witnesses could identify the Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 s motor vehicle registration numbers as the vehicle involved in the alleged offence.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7037187 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7037187 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
That the learned Magistrate erred in convicting the Appellant by referring to irrelevant and inadmissible matters, which appeared to based on biased decision.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par The Director of Public Prosecutions has filed a cross}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 petition against the Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 s acquittals on Counts 1 and 2.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The grounds of appeal are as follows:}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls2\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7037187 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 That the learned Magistrate erred in law when he failed to take consider all relevant evidence including the Post}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Mortem report, which had been tendered by prosecution and proved that the victim had died from the injuries sustained during the accident.

\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7037187 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls2\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7037187 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 That the learned Magi
strate failed to properly consider and direct himself to the significance of the Government Analyst report tendered by prosecution which confirmed the presence of alcohol in the Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 s blood.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7037187 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls2\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7037187 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 That the learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact 
when he found evidence of dangerous driving but failed to convict the Respondent for Driving Motor Vehicle Under the Influence of Drinks/Drugs.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7037187 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls2\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7037187 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 That the learned Magistrate erred in law and fact when he acquitted the Respondent on the two counts.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Facts}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par 
\par The facts of the case, as disclosed by the evidence of Lavenia Bilovesi, Tarisi Naikosi and Adish Chand were that on 27}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
 June 2000, the Appellant, a taxi driver hit a number of pedestrians on the side of Corbett Avenue, Waila at about 8.20pm.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
Lavenia Bilovesi said that she, her sister}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 law and Akuila Dresa (her fiance) were walking from Navuso on the right hand side of the road, when her sister}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 law said that there was a car coming from behind them.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 They moved to the grass verge where the car hit them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Lavenia Bilovesi lost consciousness.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
When she regained consciousness she discovered that Akuila Dresa had died.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
Her evidence was consistent with the evidence of Tarisi Naikosi (the sister}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 law) who was not hit by the car, but who was 3 feet away from the collision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 She said the accident happened on the side of the gravel road.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Adish Chand was 30 yards away from the accident.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
He had been walking along Corbett Avenue on the left side of the road, facing Nausori.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He said the car was travelling 
towards Sawani, and that he had to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
save himself by jumping into the hedge with his younger brother.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He helped the police take the victims away by police mini}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 bus.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
He said the driver of the white car did not stop.
\par 
\par Special Constable Rakesh Prasad was driving towards the Sawani Police Post when he saw people gathered at the side of the road on the bend.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
He saw a Fijian man and woman lying on the road in a pool of blood.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He took the victims to the Nausori Health Centre.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Seremaia Tubuna gave evidence that he identified the body of his son Akuila Dresa who had }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
died as a result of accident which took place at Corbett Avenue.
\par 
\par Inspector Penioni Ravoka gave evidence that at 8pm on 27}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  June 2000, he attended the scene of the accident.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He then went to the Sawani Police Post where he saw the Appellant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The Appellant had been stopped by the police officers in charge of the roadblock near the Post.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He said the Appellant smelt heavily of liquor and was locked in the cell.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
He was interviewed the next day on 28}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  June 2000, at 10.20am.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The statement was tendered.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 In that statement the Appellant said that on 27}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  June 2000 he was driving his taxi Reg. No. BK772 from Nadali to Suva.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He was alone in the car.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
On his way he passed a Pajero opposite the Navuso Road and he saw the occupants kissing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
As he was driving he kept looking in his rear vision mirror to look at the kissing couple.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The vehicle suddenly went off the road.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The interview notes read as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 While I was driving ahead I kept looking through my rear}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 vision mirror and watched the occupants of the vehicle behind when suddenly my vehicle went off the road.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 I tried to bring back my taxi to the main road when I saw three people standing in my way.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 I tried to save them but it was too late.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 I didn}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
t see anyone walking whilst approaching the scene and I only saw them when I was trying to get back into the main road.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
I drove straight towards Sawani after bumping them.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Q:\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-687\li1407\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls3\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1407\itap0\pararsid4741002 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
Why was you so concentrated at what was happening to the two who were following you in the Pajero and not concentrating on your driving?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 A:\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s17\ql \fi-687\li1407\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls3\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\rin0\lin1407\itap0\pararsid4741002 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
What they were doing was funny to me.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Q:\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-687\li1407\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1407\itap0\pararsid4741002 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Did you know that accident can happen if you are not concentrating on your driving?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 A:\tab}}\pard\plain 
\s17\ql \fi-687\li1407\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls5\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\rin0\lin1407\itap0\pararsid4741002 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Yes.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par Later in the interview he denied drinking any alcohol before the accident, and said he had drunk alcohol at a family gathering on 26}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  June.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He said nothing in his charge statement.
\par 
\par Police Constable Mukhtar gave evidence that on 28}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
 June 2000, he received the report of the accident and visited the scene.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
He then went to the Nausori Health Centre where he saw the deceased Akuila Dresa, and PW1.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He saw the Appellant
 at the Sawani Police Post and he took him to the Nausori Health Centre.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
He prepared the Medical Report for the Government Analyst, and tendered the post mortem report.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The Analyst}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 s report shows that the blood alcohol level of Semisi Lasike on 28}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  June 2000, was 103.7mg%.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The report is dated 3}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 rd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  July 2000.
\par 
\par The post mortem report of Akuila Dresa shows the estimated time of death was 9.15pm on 28}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  June 2000.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 There was haemorrhage on the left side of his head (sub}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 dural and sub}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 arachnoid) haematoma in the 
right lung and numerous lacerations and abrasions on the head, nose, shoulders, elbow and back.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
There was a complete fracture of the left femur.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The cause of death was multiple injuries due to motor vehicle accident.
\par 
\par That was the evidence led at the trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The learned Magistrate, in his judgment delivered on 30}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
 May 2002, after reviewing the evidence, found that the accident happened because the Appellant hit two pedestrians on the gravel footpath on the side of Princess Road because he drove in a manner dangerous to the public.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 It is not clear from the judgment what evidence he relied on to come to this conclusion because he dismissed the Appellant}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 s explanation for the accident in his interview with police as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 fanciful.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The question he asked himself was:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
Does this kissing incident, was so passionate, that left the accused completely paralysed, to control the steering wheel of his vehicle?
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par The Appellant was acquitted of the charge of Causing Death by Dangerous Driving on the ground that the prosecution had not shown that the Appellant had driven }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 recklessly.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
He acquitted the Appellant on Count 2 on the ground that the Appellant has not been shown to have driven a vehicle whilst drunk, thereby being incapable of properly driving the vehicle.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The DPP}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 s Appeal}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par 
\par The first ground of appeal is that the learned Magistrate erred in failing to take into account all the relevant evidence including the post}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 mortem report.
\par 
\par Counsel for the Director submitted that the learned Magistrate was satisfied beyond reasonable doubt of the dangerous driving, that the causing of death was not disputed, and that therefore, he should have convicted of causing death by dangerous driving.}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Counsel
 for the Appellant, in his written submissions said that the post mortem report was inadmissible because it was not tendered by the medical officer concerned.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He further said that there was no corroboration of the post}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 mortem report.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Finally he submitted that no one had identified the Appellant as the driver of the vehicle that killed the deceased.
\par 
\par The basis of the learned Magistrate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 s decision to acquit on Count 1, was not that death was not caused.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The basis was that the prosecution had not proved recklessness, which he defined in terms of the House of Lords decision in }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 R }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  Lawrence}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 (1982) AC 510.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 At page 46 of the record the learned Magistrate said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 In Lawrence (1982) AC 510, Lord Diplock said: 
............ an appropriate instruction to the jury on what is meant by driving recklessly would be that they must be satisfied of two things:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
First, that in driving in that manner as to create an obvious and serious risk of causing physical injury to some other person ... or of doing substantial damage to property: and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
Second, that in driving in that manner the defendant did so without having any thought to the possibility of there being any such risk, or, having recognised there was some risk involved, had nonetheless, gone on to take it.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 These two limbs are quite important to note by the Prosecution.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
Furthermore, the evidence of impairment through drink had to be linked to the manner of driving so the jury could be satisfied that the accused drove the 
vehicle in such a manner as to create an obvious and serious risk of physical injury or substantial damage to property (the first limb) and did so without having given thought to the possibility of risk, or having recognised some risk was involved, had no
netheless gone on to take it (the second limb).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 This part has been touched in this judgment, where medical evidence were required.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 In view of the above authorities, I find Semisi Lasike, the accused person not guilty of the First Count: Causing Death by Dan
gerous Driving: contrary to section 238(1) of the Penal Code, Cap. 17.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par Section 238 of the Penal Code provides:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
(1) Any person who causes the death of another person by the driving of a motor vehicle on a road recklessly, or at a speed or in a manner whic
h is dangerous to the public, having regard to all the circumstances of the case, including the nature, condition and use of the road, and the amount of traffic which is actually at the time, or which might reasonably be expected to be, on the road, is gu
ilty of a misdemeanour and is liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par This section creates three separate offences.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 One is causing death by reckless driving.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The second is causing death by driving at a speed dangerous to the public.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
The third is driving in a manner dangerous to the public.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The prosecution in each case, must choose which offence is being alleged.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The test for reckless driving, according to the common law definition of recklessness, is partially subjective.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Did the accused know there was a risk, and went on to take that risk?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The test for causing death by driving at a speed dangerous to the public is an objective one.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Similarly, the test for causing death by dangerous driving is an objective one.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
The offence is proved when the driver drives in a way which falls below the standard expected of a competent and prudent driver, and thereby causes a situation, which viewed objectively, is dangerous }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 R }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  Gosney}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  (1974) 3 ALL ER 220, }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Sambhu Lal }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  Reg
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  Criminal Appeal 49/1986).
\par 
\par The definition of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 recklessness in }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Lawrence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
(supra) is therefore not relevant to the offence of causing death by dangerous driving.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 It is the }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Gosney}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  test that applies.
\par 
\par In this case the learned Magistrate applied the wrong test in considering the standard of driving of the Appellant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
In convicting him of Dangerous Driving he did not say what evidence he relied on to come to that conclusion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
However there was uncontradicted evidence of dangerous driving.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
Dangerous driving is the causing of a dangerous situation by a manner of driving which falls below the standard expected of a prudent driver.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 On the evidence of the lay witnesses, the deceased and his partner were hit on the gravel footpath.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Other pedestrians had to jump into the flower hedge to avoid being hit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
The Appellant admitted that he was driving on an unlit road, at a bend and that he was distracted by a kissing couple which caused him to drive off the road.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 As the learned Magistrate said, the distraction provided no defence to dangerous driving.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Indeed, I consider that this evidence was proof of dangerous driving.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
A prudent driver driving on an unlit road, at a bend and allowing himself to be distracted by the occupants of another vehicle behind him, instead of keeping his eye out for other road}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 users in front of him, is clearly driving dangerously, especially when that manner of driving has caused him to veer off the road onto the footpath causing pedestrians to be hit.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
Not only was there uncontradicted evidence of driving below the standard expected of a prudent driver, but there was evidence (which the Magistrate accepted) that a dangerous situation had been caused thereby.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The evidence of alcohol, does not appear to have been relevant to the charge of causing death by dangerous driving.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 There was ample evidence of fault without reference to drinking alcohol.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The rejection of the evidence of the presence of alcohol in the blood has no bearing on the conviction on Count 1.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The only remaining question was whether the death of Akuila Dresa was caused by the dangerous driving of the Appellant.
\par 
\par Counsel for the Appellant submitted that there was no evidence that the Appellant was driving the vehicle involved in the accident.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
In fact, the Appellant in his caution interview made a full admission that he drove the vehicle, was distracted and caused the accident.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
The learned Magistrate clearly accepted this and found the Appellant to be the driver concerned.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He was entitled to make this finding.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The Appellant, who was by then unrepresented, did not cross}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 examine on the caution interview at all.
\par 
\par The only direct evidence that Akuila Dresa died as a result of a motor vehicle accident came from the post mortem report.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The deceased}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 s father, who said that his son had so died, did not witness the incident and is not an expert on causes of death.
\par 
\par Although counsel submitted that the post}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
mortem was inadmissible, it could have been admitted under section 191(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code on condition that the prosecution had given notice of tendering the report to the accused and the accused did not object }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 or}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  under section 192A of the Criminal Procedure Code which provides for the admission of any facts.
\par 
\par It is not apparent from the record which procedure the prosecution decided to follow.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
However the section 192A procedure requires the agreed fact to be signed by counsel and the magistrate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
No such document is on the court file.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 It appears that the procedure under section 191(1) might have been followed.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 On 24}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
 April 2001, Mr Vere for the accused said he had seen the post mortem report but that it was not on his file.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 T
he post mortem doctor, Dr Cayari, was never on the list of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 prosecution witnesses warned to attend court.
\par 
\par The cross}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 examination conducted by defence counsel, never touched on causation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Indeed, when Sevenala Tubuna gave evidence the identity of the deceased was not disputed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The record (at page 26) reads as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Akuila Dresa had passed away on 27/06/00.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 On 28/06/00 I identified the body of my son, when I was called by the Police.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He died as a result of accident which took place at Corbett Avenue along Sawani Road.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 I live beside the road.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par Under cross}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 examination he said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The name of that place is Corbett Avenue.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 It is on the left hand side.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
I identified the body of the late Akuila Dresa at the Colonial War Memorial Hospital in Suva.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
PC Mukhtar also identified the body of my late son.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par When the post}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 mortem report was tendered by PC Mukhtar (PW8), the accused was unrepresented.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Despite three adjournments to accommodate defence counsel, he did not appear to defend his client.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The post}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
mortem report, which PC Mukhtar said had been disclosed to the Appellant, was tendered without objection, in the absence of counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
There was no cross}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 examination on it.
\par 
\par It is always good practice, especially when an accused person is unrepresented, for the prosecution to inform the court that the accused has consented to the tendering of a report under section 191(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Indeed, no such report is admissible unless the court is satisfied that the requirements of the section have been complied with.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
In another case I might have found that the court did not err in allowing the post mortem report to be tendered without satisfying itself that the prosecution had been in compliance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 However, in this case although the cross}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
examination of the witnesses shows that the post}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 mortem report was not likely to be an issue, the Appellant was unrepresented, did not cross
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 examine at all, and remained silent.
\par 
\par If the accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 s counsel had been pr
esent and had not objected to admission of the document, I might have found that although there was an apparent breach of section 191(1) of the Code, the Appellant was not prejudiced because the defence was that there was no dangerous driving.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 However the Appellant was not represented.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 After the non}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
appearance of his lawyer, the court had a duty to be vigilant about any prejudice the Appellant might suffer as a result of non}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
representation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 As the Court of Appeal said in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Maciu Gonevou }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
 The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  40 FLR 20 on the section 191 procedure for an unrepresented defendant:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 It is scarcely to be supposed that he would have had any knowledge of section 191.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 It is, however traditional practice for the Judge in cases where the accused is unrepresented to take special
 pains to ensure that he is informed of special provisions, procedures and legal technicalities which affect him and to assist him to understand the courses open to him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The record shows that there was no recorded consent to the tendering of the report, and that the Appellant did not cross}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 examine PC Mukhtar either on the port}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
mortem report or on the caution interview.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
In the circumstances, if the learned Magistrate had acquitted the Appellant on Count 1 after refusing to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 admit the post}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 mortem report, he would not have been in error.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 However, that was not the basis for the acquittal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
He acquitted instead on the basis that the prosecution had not proved reckless driving.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
On this ground, the appeal against acquittal succeeds.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The acquittal was wrong in law and must be quashed.
\par 
\par Ground (b) is that the learned Magistrate erred in considering the Analyst}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 s report in relation to Count 2.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 However, the Magistrate did consider the report at page 42 of the record.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 4. The Blood Alcohol level, which showed 103.7mg% in the Government Analyst Report, dated 3}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 rd}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
 July 2000, does not clearly show to the court, that the accused was incapable of driving a vehicle with such alcohol level.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par As State Counsel conceded in court, at the hearing of this appeal, there was no evidence that the alcohol affected the Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
s manner of driving.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 An expert can give evidence that no one with 103.7mg% of blood alcohol can safely drive a car.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 No such evidence was led. The prosecution might have led evidence of a pattern of driving showing drunkedness, such as zig}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 zag driving or persistently driving off the road.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 No such evidence was led.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
Indeed the accident was alleged to have been caused by the kissing incident and loss of concentration.
\par 
\par This ground is unsuccessful.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 It follows that the next ground also fails.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The finding that the Appellant drove dangerously, did not hinge on the evidence of drink.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Indeed the learned Magistrate chose to disregard the evidence of the alcohol in the Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 s blood because he held that he was not satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that the alcohol/blood ratio had affected the Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 s driving.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
This was a finding, which on the evidence, he was entitled to make.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
It did not affect a conviction under Count 1, which could have been proved without reference to alcohol.
\par 
\par The last ground of appeal is that the learned Magistrate erred in acquitting the Appellant on the two counts.
\par 
\par For the reasons I have given above, this appeal against acquittal succeeds in respect of Count 1 only.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The Appellant}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 s Appeal}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par 
\par The first ground of appeal is that the learned Magistrate erred in sentencing the Appellant to 12 months imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The State
 agrees, that if the conviction for dangerous driving is upheld, the sentence is wrong in principle because it exceeds the normal tariff for dangerous driving cases.
\par 
\par In fact a perusal of the court record shows that the learned Magistrate in fact sentenced the Appellant for causing the death of Akuila Dresa by dangerous driving.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Having acquitted him of that offence, it was not open to him to sentence on that basis.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 However for the reasons I am about to give, the conviction itself is unsafe and the question of sentence is therefore academic.
\par 
\par The second ground of appeal is that the learned Magistrate erred in relying on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 unlawfully obtained evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 This ground of appeal was amplified in counsel
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 s written submissions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
In those submissions, counsel said: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
that the learned trial Magistrate failed to adjourn the case so as to enable the Appellant to engage a counsel on a charge which was so serious as the learned Magistrate h
ad warned .... the Appellant should have been given the right to engage another counsel so that his rights under the Constitution would not be usurped.
\par 
\par The Appellant was represented by counsel (not the same counsel appearing on appeal) from 13}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  July 2000.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 On the 17}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
 of October 2000, on the first day set for hearing, the prosecution asked for an adjournment on the ground that Lavenia Dresa, a prosecution witness, was still unwell as a result of the injuries she sustained in the accident.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 On 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
 December 2000, the case was adjourned to 22}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 nd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  January 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The Appellant did not appear and a bench warrant was issued.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 On 23}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 rd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  February 2001, a new hearing date was set, for the 24}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 
th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  of April.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
On that day the defence asked for an adjournment on the ground that counsel had not received the analyst}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 s report and the post}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 mortem report.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
The case was adjourned to 24}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  May 2001 for hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 On that day the case proceeded.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Five witnesses were called fo
r the prosecution, and the case was adjourned to 10}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
 July 2001 at the request of the prosecution, on the ground that a witness was not available.
\par 
\par On 10}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  July 2001, the Appellant did not appear and a bench warrant was issued.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He appeared later in the morning, and the case was adjourned to 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  August 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 On 7}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  August, the prosecution asked for an adjournment because the prosecutor was sick.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Defence counsel did not object.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He asked for a November date because he (counsel) was going to be a candidate in the General Elections.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The case was adjourned to 26}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  November 2001.
\par 
\par On the 26}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  of November, counsel did not appear.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The Appellant told the court that his lawyer was in the High Court and that he requested a date in 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The learned Magistrate allowed the application }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 because of the seriousness of the charge.
\par 
\par The case was adjourned to 23}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 rd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  January 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 On that day, the learned Magistrate was not available and the case was adjourned to 22}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid11600427 nd}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  April 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 On that day counsel did not appear.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The learned Magistrate proceeded without him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 PW6 Inspector Penioni Ravoka tendered the Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 s caution statement.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Instead of cross}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
examining, the Appellant said I shall wait for my counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The Magistrate refused to wait saying that the Appellant had been warned.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 There was no cross}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
examination of this witness.
\par 
\par PW7 PC Nadolo tendered the charge statement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The Appellant had not made any statement to the police on being charged.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 There was no cross}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
examination.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
PC Mukhtar then gave evidence and tendered, amongst other exhibits, the plan of the scene, the post mortem report and the analyst}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 s report.}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 As I have already found, the prosecution did not lay the basis for the admission of these exhibits.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The Magistrate did not ask, and again there was no cross}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 examination by the Appellant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
In his defence, the Appellant remained silent and called no witnesses.
\par 
\par The right to counsel under section 28(1) of the Constitution, is not an absolute right.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
The purpose of the right, as the Canadian Supreme Court said in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 R }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  Brydges}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  (1990) 1 SCR 190, is aimed at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 fostering the principles of adjudicative fairness.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 In }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Mitchell }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 v}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  The Queen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
(1999) 1 WLR 1679, counsel withdrew in the middle of the murder trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
The Privy Council held that the judge should have adjourned to allow the accused to seek different counsel, and that failure to do so constituted a breach of the accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7364308 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 s right to counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
The question asked by the Privy Counsel, was whether the justice of the case required the judge to ensure that the Appellant was represented.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 In answering this question, the right to counsel must be balanced with the right to trial without delay, and the public interest in ensuring that offenders are brought to justice.
\par 
\par In this case, counsel failed to appear when the trial eventually proceeded.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He had been given several opportunities to 
appear but for some reason not apparent on the record, he failed to appear.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
It is understandable that the learned Magistrate having adjourned the case on several occasions to suit the diary of counsel, decided to proceed without him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 This is particularly so when the prosecution witnesses had on several occasions been summoned to court to give evidence.
\par 
\par However the real question is whether the Appellant was thereby prejudiced.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 As the High Court of Australia said in }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Dietrich }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 v}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  The Queen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
(1992) CLR 293, if an application to adjourn to allow for legal representation and the trial is not fair, there has been a miscarriage of justice and the conviction must be quashed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The issue is the way in which the trial has been conducted.
\par 
\par In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Romanu Naceva & Others }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 v}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  Crim. App. AAU0014.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
1998S the Court of Appeal allowed an appeal against conviction for manslaughter, on the ground that the case involved complex questions of law and fact which the appellants who were unrepresented for part of the trial could not h
ave been expected to fully comprehend.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Birja Nand }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
 The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  Crim. App. AAU0002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
1997, an appellant who said he had been prejudiced by lack of representation and who appealed against his conviction for murder, was held to have been given a fair trial on the basis of the way proceedings had been conducted.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par In this case therefore, the nature of the proceedings, and the way in which the Appellant conducted his defence, is crucial to the question of prejudice resulting from lack of legal representation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The record shows that the Appellant asked no questions of any of the remaining witnesses.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He did not question the admissibility of the caution interview (which was a complete admission to dangerous driving) or of the post}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 mortem report.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 He remained silent and called no witnesses.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 The learned Magistrate did not ask the prosecution for the basis for tendering the reports.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Nor did he invite the Appellant to make closing submissions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
In fact, it is not at all what the defence was, after the caution interview and post mortem report were tendered.
\par 
\par In the circumstances I do not consider that the Appellant had a fair trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
Further, the fact that the learned Magistrate applied the wrong test to consider the evidence of dangerous driving, is a material irregularity that must lead to the quashing of the conviction.
\par 
\par This ground of appeal is successful.
\par 
\par The remaining grounds of appeal deal with the inherent contradiction in convicting of dangerous driving when the learned Magistrate had found insufficient evidence of causing death by dangerous driving.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 As I have said, the learned Magistrate asked himself the wrong question in relation to Count 1.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 These grounds also succeed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 It is not necessary to consider sentence.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Result}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
\par 
\par The appeal of the Director of Public Prosecutions against the acquittals, is successful in respect of Count 1.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
The appeal of the Appellant against conviction for dangerous driving succeeds for the reasons I have given.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
The appeals have succeeded on irregularities which led to a mistrial (}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Rose}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002  (1982) 1 WLR 614, 622.)
\par 
\par The appeals relate to an incident in June 2000, more than 2 years ago.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 However the Appellant has not served any significant}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 part of his sentence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 
A trial de novo is ordered before another Magistrate on the charge of causing death by dangerous driving.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 Nazhat Shameem
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 JUDGE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4741002 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4741002 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560955\charrsid4741002 At Suva
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