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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid15743571 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION
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\par VARASIKO NAITUKU
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid15743571 Appellants
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid15743571 Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945\charrsid15743571 
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 Counsel:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 Appellants in Person
\par Mr D.G. Toganivalu for Respondent
\par 
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\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945  July 2002
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\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945  August 2002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945 
\par 
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 This is an appeal against convictions and sentences of both Appellants on the following offences:
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 FIRST COUNT
\par 
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: Contrary to Section 299(a) of the Penal Code, Cap. 17.
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7870945 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 Particulars of Offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7870945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7870945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 MAIKA BAVORO and VARASIKO NAITUKU, on the 12}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945  day of May, 2002 at Suva in the Central Division, broke and entered the dwelling house of CHANDU UMARIA s/o NAND KANT UMARIA, with intent to commit a felony therein, namely Larceny.}{
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\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 SECOND COUNT
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7870945 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 Statement of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7870945 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7870945 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 LARCENY IN DWELLING HOUSE OF PROPERTY TO A VALUE AMOUNTING NOT LESS THAN $10.00}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 : Contrary to Section 270(a) of the Penal Code, Act 17.
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7870945 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 Particulars of Offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7870945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7870945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 MAIKA BAVORO and VARASIKO NAITUKU, on the 12}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945  day of May, 2002 at S
uva in the Central Division, stole in the dwelling house of CHANDU UMARIA s/o NAND KANT UMARIA chattels, one Pierre Cardin wrist watch valued $300.00, one bracelet valued $1,000.00, two gold chains valued $1,500.00, two pairs bengals valued $2,500.00 to t
he total value amounting to not less than $10.00, the property of NALINI DEVI d/o HARISH SHANKAR to the total value of $5,300.00.
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\par Both Appellants pleaded guilty in the Magistrates}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945  Court on the 14}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
 of May 2002, and were sentenced to three years imprisonment on each count to be served concurrently.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
The second Appellant, who had committed the offences while on a suspended sentence for a similar offence, had 12 months of his 18 month suspended sentence activated.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 The activation was ordered to be served consecutive to the three year term.
\par 
\par The Appellants appeal against conviction and sentence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 The first Appellant appeals against sentence only.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 I summarise the grounds of appeal thus:
\par 
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 A conviction on count 1, for Burglary was not possible because the offence was committed during the day;
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 The Appellants were prejudiced because of lack of legal representation;
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\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7870945 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 The sentences were harsh and excessive.
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\par I deal with each of the grounds in turn.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 Grounds of Appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
\par 
\par Section 299(a) of the Penal Code provides as follows:
\par 
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\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 Any person who in the night }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945 -}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7870945 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \s17\ql \fi-687\li2127\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls1\ilvl2\outlinelevel2\rin0\lin2127\itap0\pararsid7870945 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 breaks and enters the dwelling}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 house of another with intent to commit any felony therein;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 ........
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7870945 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7870945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
is guilty of the felony called burglary, and is liable to imprisonment for life, with or without corporal punishment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7870945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
\par The offence must therefore be committed at night.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 The charge does not specify this ingredient of the offence.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 Further the facts as outlined indicate that the offence was committed sometime after 1.30pm on the 11}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945  of May 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 The learned Magistrate referred to the offence as having being committed in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 broad daylight.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 The facts did not disclose the offence and the Appellants could not have been convicted on Count 1.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 State counsel quite properly conceded the defect in the charge.
\par 
\par Both convictions and sentences are therefore quashed on Count 1.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
The convictions on Count 2 are proper and the charge is disclosed by the facts of the case.
\par 
\par As to sentence, as State counsel submits, the three year term is within the tariff for offences of larceny in dwelling house.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
However the learned Magistrate erred in taking into account the remission granted by the Prisons Department.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
Assuming that he added an extra year to take into account the one}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
third remission currently available, I therefore reduce both sentences by one year.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
Each Appellant is therefore to serve two years imprisonment on Count 2.
\par 
\par As to the activation of the suspended sentence, the record shows that the second Appellant was asked to show cause why the suspended sentence should not be activated.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 The order tha
t the activated sentence be served consecutive to the substantive sentence is right in principle, and the total sentence for the second Appellant of three years imprisonment does not offend the totality principle.
\par 
\par In summary this appeal succeeds to the extent that the convictions and sentences on Count 1 for both Appellants, are quashed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
The convictions on Count 2 are upheld, but the sentences of both Appellants are reduced to two years imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 
The activation of the suspended sentence remains, and the total sentence to be served by the second Appellant is three years imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7870945 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 Nazhat Shameem
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 JUDGE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7870945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 At Suva
\par 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945 nd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8064211\charrsid7870945  August 2002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7870945 
\par }}