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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid5256370 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5256370 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712\charrsid2251712 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO: HAA0}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 048 OF 2002}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712\charrsid2251712 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5256370 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712\charrsid2251712 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 Between:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712\charrsid2251712 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5256370 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712\charrsid2251712 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid5256370 SAULA VUNIVESI
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5256370 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 And:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712\charrsid2251712 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid5256370 THE STATE
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712\charrsid2251712 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712\charrsid2251712 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 Hearing:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 21st June 2002
\par Judgment:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 28}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712  June 2002
\par 
\par Counsel:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 Appellant in Person
\par Mr E.J. Toganivalu for Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 
\par 
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 The Appellant was convicted, on his plea of guilty, on the 25}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712  of April 2002 of the following offences:
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 FIRST COUNT
\par }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 Statement of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 BURGLARY}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
: Contrary to section 299(a) of the Penal Code, Act 17.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 Particulars of Offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 SAULA VUNIVESI, between the 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712  day of June, 2001 and 10}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
 day of June, 2001 at Nabua in the Central Division by night broke and entered the dwelling house of WAISELE SEREVI with intent to commit a felony namely to steal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 SECOND COUNT
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 Statement of Offence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 LARCENY IN DWELLING HOUSE OF PROPERTY TO A VALUE AMOUNTING TO NOT LESS THAN TEN DOLLARS}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 : Contrary to section 270(a) of the Penal Code, Act. 17.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 Particulars of Offence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 SAULA VUNIVESI, between the 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712  day of June, 2001 and the 10}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712  day of June 2001 at 
Nabua in the Central Division stole in the dwelling house of WAISELE SEREVI, assorted clothings valued $5000.00, 1 multi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
system video deck valued $1800.00, 1 digital camera valued $1000.00, 1 discman valued $200.00, 1 Alcatel mobile phone valued $300.00, 6
 tabuas valued $600.00, 6 mats valued $300.00, 6 sports bag valued $500.00, 1 shopping bag valued $200.00, 1 kit bag valued $200.00, 1 rugby boot valued $1000.00, 1 canvas valued $1000.00, a value amounting to not less than ten dollars, the properties of 
the said WAISELE SEREVI to the total value of $12,100.00
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
\par The facts outlined by the prosecution were that the complainant was a professional rugby player in France, and his house was vacant at the time of the burglary.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 On 10}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712  June 2001 the caretaker discov
ered that the house had been broken into and the items specified in Count 2 were missing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
The Appellant was interviewed after investigation and he admitted committing the offences.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 $5000 worth of the stolen goods were recovered.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 The Appellant admitted the facts and 24 previous convictions of a similar nature.
\par 
\par The learned Magistrate said that the Appellant had committed the offence on the complainant, who had done a lot for the country.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
He further said that a person from Kadavu should not behave in such a w
ay to a person from Lomaiviti, that the offences were serious and prevalent and that he would impose a heavier sentence than the tariff because the prisons authority would be giving the Appellant one}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 third remission.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 He imposed a sentence of five years imp
risonment on Count 1 and a three year concurrent term on Count 2.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 He ordered that the recovered items be restored to their owner.
\par 
\par The Appellant now appeals against his sentence, saying that he is 25 years old, has a dependent mother and that the five year term was harsh and excessive.
\par 
\par State counsel agreed that the five year term was heavier than the tariff, but said that the sentence was justified because of the Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 s previous convictions, and the value of the goods stolen.
\par 
\par The tariff for house}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 breaking offences in the Magistrates}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
 Court appears to range from a very short term of imprisonment (for the young first offender who might have played a marginal role in the offending) to a three to four year term for the habitual offender who steals items o
f high value and does not help the police to find his accomplices, or the stolen goods.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
Of course a higher term than the tariff might be justified in some cases, for instance in the case of a well}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
planned burglary executed on a house by a gang of people and where there might be some danger that the house was occupied, and that someone therefore might get hurt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 However this does not appear to be such a case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
The learned Magistrate appears to have put considerable weight on the cultural relationship between the complainant and the Appellant and on the identity of the complainant.
\par 
\par This is quite wrong in principle.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
Would burglars who break into the houses of people who are not famous, or with whom they share no cultural relationship, then get a lighter sentence? Is it worse to break into a house of a well}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 known and well}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
off person, that it is to break into the house of the poor and unknown?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 This cannot be so.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 The identity of the complainant is only relevant in a burglary where a particularly vulnerable victim (s
uch as a very old or handicapped person) is taken advantage of, to execute the burglary.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
If the burglary becomes a robbery, then the characteristics of the victim are relevant to sentence but only in relation to physical or mental characteristics.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 It is not worse to rob a public servant, than it is to rob a market vendor.
\par 
\par Further, the learned Magistrate gave a heavier sentence because he calculated the one}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
third remission normally given by the prisons department for good behaviour.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 This is also wrong in principle.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 The sentencer, must generally ignore the remission of sentence in determining length of sentence (per Goddard L.J. in }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 R }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 -}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712  Maguire and Enos}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712  (1957) 40 Cr. App. R. 92).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 R }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 -}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712  Burnley Magistrates Court ex p Halstead}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712  (1991) Crim. L.R. 215, the Divisional Court said that it was permissible to take into account the effects of remission }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 when justice required the court to do so.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 In that case, the applicant had been sentenced to 12 months detention in a young offender institution and while serving, she was committed for non}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 payment of fines which was served consecutive to the 12 month term.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 The effect was to deprive the applicant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 s remission entitlement to one}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 third (from one}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 half) and this increased her detention period in effect by a total of 74 days.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 In considering her total term, the court took into account her remission entitlement.
\par 
\par A sentencer may therefore consider remission only when calculating the total term to be served to see whether the totality principle is offended, and whether the total sentence is disproportionate to the offending.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 The prison remission cannot be taken into account to justify imposing a longer term of imprisonment for the offence before the court.
\par 
\par The reasons given by the learned Magistrate for imposing a heavier sentence than the tariff are based on errors of principle.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
The five year term of Count 1 is therefore quashed.
\par 
\par In the circumstances of this case, the Appellant did not deserve the leniency normally shown to a young first offender.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
His long list of previous convictions from 1994, are mainly for burglary and larceny.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
On Count 2 the total value of the items stolen (most of which were not recovered) totalled $12,100.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
The Appellant therefore deserved a sentence on the higher end of the tariff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 I consider that a sente
nce of three years imprisonment to be an appropriate sentence on each count.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 
The two counts are in relation to one transaction, and the sentences must therefore be served concurrently with each other, but consecutive to his existing terms of imprisonment.
\par 
\par His appeal against sentence succeeds to this extent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 Nazhat Shameem
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 JUDGE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2251712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 At Suva
\par 28}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16534836\charrsid2251712  June 2002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2251712 
\par }}