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{\author Amelia Rasovo}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2004\mo8\dy30\hr9\min50}{\revtim\yr2004\mo8\dy31\hr14\min5}{\printim\yr2001\mo5\dy25\hr10\min17}{\version3}{\edmins3}{\nofpages4}{\nofwords1087}{\nofchars6199}{\*\company Judicial Department}
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\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 \fs20\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919\charrsid16657919 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 (AT SUVA)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 CIVIL ACTION NO. 359 OF 2000
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 Between:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 SHAKUNTALA D. NAIR
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 THE SECRETARY, PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 1st Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 2nd Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
\par Ms. G. Ollsen for the Plaintiff
\par A.O. Adamu with Y. Singh for the Defendants
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 DECISION
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\par This is an application by the Defendants to strike out the Plaintiff\rquote s Statement of Claim brought under the provisions of Order 18 r 18 (1) of the High Court Rules on the ground that the action is an abuse of the process of the Court.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 The relevant facts are not in dispute.
\par 
\par Two affidavits were filed:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919\charrsid16657919 
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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 Ajay Singh, 14 September 2000;
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-1080\li1800\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls1\pnrnot0\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 Plaintiff, 9 February 2001.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
\par Counsel for the Plaintiff also filed a careful and helpful written submission on the day of the hearing of the application.
\par 
\par The Plaintiff was appointed as a clerical officer at the Legalega Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Nadi in May 1980.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
Some time later she was transferred to the Suva Office of the Department of Forests where she remained until late 1997 rising to Senior Clerical Officer.
\par 
\par It appears that during 1996 and 1997 certain unhappy differences arose between the Plaintiff and her superiors.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
I was not given details of these matters but in paragraphs c(ii) and c(iii) of her affidavit the Plaintiff says that her superiors were affected by \'93dislike and personal malice\'94 towards her and that she had been asked by them \'93
to perform unethical tasks\'94.
\par 
\par On 29 October 1997 the Plaintiff received a notice of transfer from the Conservator of Forests (Exhibit A to Mr. Singh\rquote s affidavit).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 This advised her that she was to be posted as Senior Clerical Officer Silviculturist to the Office of the Silviculturist at Colo-i-Suva with effect from 3 November 1997.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 The Plaintiff refused to move.
\par 
\par On 9 December 1997 the Secretary of the Public Service Commission wrote to the Plaintiff (Exhibit B).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 He poi
nted out that the Plaintiff had not reported to work following her letter of transfer.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
After crediting her with all available leave she had been absent without leave for 9 days.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
The Secretary PSC advised the Plaintiff that unless she presented herself fo
r work the following day she would be deemed to have resigned her appointment by operation of regulation 34 (2) of the Public Service Commission (Constitution) Regulations 1990 (the Regulations).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 This regulation (see Fiji Republic Gazette 18 Dec. 1990) ge
nerally provides that an officer who is absent without leave for an acceptable reason for a period of 7 days shall be deemed, unless the PSC otherwise determines, to have resigned from the service.
\par 
\par On 23 December 1997 not (as I was advised from the bar) having received any reply to its letter of 9 December and the Plaintiff not having returned to work, the PSC wrote to the Plaintiff and advised her that she was deemed to have resigned (Exhibit C).

\par 
\par The writ was issued in August 2000.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 The Plaintiff\rquote s case is that:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919\charrsid16657919 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
the Defendants failed to give her 28 days notice of transfer as required by Regulation 19 (2) of the Regulations;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 the Defendants failed to consider the Plaintiff\rquote 
s view before finalising the decision to transfer her;
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
the transfer was motivated by malice and was intended to victimise the Plaintiff in retaliation for her refusal to comply with \'93unethical and unconscionable\'94 demands made of her;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 and
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 that the Defendants totally disregarded the Plaintiff when she \'93fo
rmally notified the first Defendant\'94 of her reasons of objecting to her transfer.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
\par In the premises the Plaintiff says that her employment was wrongly and improperly terminated}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 \'93
on the basis of Regulation 34 (2) of the (Regulations)\'94.
\par 
\par The Defendants\rquote  application (which I may say was presented with considerable skill by Mr. Adamu) is founded in the distinction between private and public law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 The principal authority cited was a decision of the Fiji Court of Appeal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 Ram Prasad v. Attorney-General}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919  (ABU 58/97 \endash  FCA Reps 99/343).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 On page 9 of the Judgment we read:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 \'93
The paragraphs in the amended statement of claim which we have set out earlier make it perfectly plain that the Appellant was relying on what he claimed to have been a failure by the Respondent to c
omply with the provisions of the regulations, not a breach of any term expressed or implied in any contract of service claimed to have existed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 For these reasons we consider that the judge was correct to conclude that, as the Appellant had been appointed 
under a statutory provision, public law applied to his appointment and any claim resulting from his dismissal can only be brought by an application for judicial review\'94.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 Ms. Ollsen did not specifically refer to }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 Ram Prasad}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919  and she conceded the general rule most clearly expounded in the leading case of }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 O\rquote Reilly v. Mackman}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919  [1988] 2 AC 237.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 Instead, citing }{
\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 Roy v Kensington & Chelsea}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919  [1992] 1 AC 624 she suggested that the Plaintiff was entitled to bring 
these proceedings in private law since despite being at the relevant time a public servant what was being asserted was the private law right not to be transferred except subject to the restraints imposed by regulation 19 as properly applied.
\par 
\par She suggested:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 \'93The circumstances invoking her private law righ
t relates to the decision made by the first Defendant to transfer her.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
The conditions for that transfer are statutorily defined at regulation 19 of the Public Service Commission (Constitution) Regulations 1990.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 The Plaintiff submits she was not granted
 the statutory 28 days notice nor were her views of the transfer sought by the first Defendant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
In particular, the Plaintiff submits that personal dislike and malice by her then immediate superiors were the motives behind her transfer\'94.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
\par In my opinion, this ingenious argument must fail.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 As I see it an employee\rquote 
s rights in respect of transfer depend either on contract, if the employee is privately employed or on Regulation, if the employee is a public servant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 In this case the Plaintiff was a public servant whose position was protected by regulation 19.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 Regulations 19 (3) and 19 (4) provide an appeal mechanism where a public servant objects to a proposed transfer.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 Although paragraph 14 of the Plaintiff\rquote s Statement of Claim refer to a \'93formal\'94
 notification of objection to the PSC no evidence of such a notification was placed before me and there is no reference to it in the correspondence exhibited.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 As can be seen from paragraph 18 of the Statement of Claim the principal ground of complaint is that Regulation 34 (2) was wrongly applied, not that regulation 19 (4) was breached.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
It will also be noted that there is nothing to suggest that the Plaintiff at any time took advantage of the grievance procedure set out in the Public Service (Personal Grievance Procedure) Regulations 1990.
\par 
\par Although mindful of the fact that the Plaintiff is not seeking re-instatement and that accordingly this action would be unlikely to be detrimental to good administration I am satisfied that the Plaintiff\rquote s c
omplaint should have been brought by way of judicial review seeking certiorari in addition to her claim for damages.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
In the face of the 3 months requirement imposed by O 53 r 4 (3) a delay of 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 50 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f36\fs24}}}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919  years in commencing proceedings is clearly unacceptable.
\par 
\par In all the circumstances I am satisfied that this application must succeed and I so rule.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 M.D. Scott
\par Judge
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16657919 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16657919 28 May 01}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3083273\charrsid16657919 
\par }}