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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid3936662 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid3936662 Applicant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3936662 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid3936662 
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid3936662 1st Respondent
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3936662 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid3936662 FIJI PUBLIC SERVICE ASSOCIATION
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid3936662 2nd Respondent
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\par Ms B. Malimali for Applicant
\par Mr J. Udit for 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid3936662 st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  Respondent
\par Mr H. Nagin for 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid3936662 nd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  Respondent
\par 
\par Hearing: 19}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid3936662 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  June 2001 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  23}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid3936662 rd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  August 2001
\par Judgment: 10}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid3936662 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  September 2001
\par 
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\par This is an application for judicial review of an award by the Permanent Arbitrator on 12}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
 March 2001 that the dismissal of Mrs Premila Kumar and Mr Allan Prasad, former employees of the Fiji Islands Revenue & Customs Authority, was wrongful, unfair and harsh.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 He ordered their reinstatement without loss of benefits.
\par 
\par The relief sought by the Fiji Islands Revenue & Customs Authority (the Authority) can be summarised as follows:
\par 
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Certiorari to quash the Award;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}A declaration that the Permanent Arbitrator exceeded his jurisdiction;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}A declaration that the Permanent Arbitrator acted unreasonably and unfairly.
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\par The grounds on which relief is sought are:
\par 
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
The Permanent Arbitrator exceeded his jurisdiction when he decided that the Chief Executive Officer of the Authority had no powers to terminate the employment of Mrs Kumar and Mr Prasad;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 
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\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3936662 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Alternatively, the Permanent Arbitrator erred in law when he found that the Chief Executive Officer did not have powers to appoint or terminate employees;
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The Permanent Arbitrator did not act judicially, and did not take into account relevant considerations;
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\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s16 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}}\pard\plain \s16\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls2\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3936662 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Error on the face of the record.
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\par The affidavit of Sekonaia Tui Malakai was filed in support of the application.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
Notices of Opposition to leave being granted were filed by both Respondents.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
The First Respondent objected to leave being granted on the grounds that the Applicant had failed to show procedural error or wrongful exercise of power.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The Second respondent opposed leave on the grounds that the Permanent Arbitrator did not act ultra vires of the Trade Disputes Act, that his discretion had been exercise
d judicially, that there was error on the face of the record and that all relevant matters had been taken into account.
\par 
\par On 23}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 rd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
 May 2001, counsel agreed in Chambers that the court should proceed to consider leave and the substantive application together in the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 expedited hearing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  procedure.
\par 
\par The Second Respondent filed the affidavit of Rajeshwar Singh on 22}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 nd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  May 2001.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Counsel for the Applicant also filed the preliminary submissions of the Applicant and the Second Respondent before the Arbitration Tribunal
.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Counsel for the First Respondent filed a certified copy of the proceedings before the Arbitration Tribunal.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 All parties then filed helpful written submissions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 There was a final hearing date on 23}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 rd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
 August before I adjourned for judgment.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The Background}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par 
\par On the 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  of January 1999 the Fiji Island Revenue and Customs Authority came into being.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
It was established by Act of Parliament and purported to replace the Inland Revenue Department and the Customs and Excise Department of the Fiji Government with a single statutory body.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Under the Act, all persons formerly employed by the two departments, were transferred to the service of the Authority.
\par 
\par Section 17(2) of the Act provides:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3936662 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Until such time as terms and conditions of service, including rules as to the
 conduct and discipline of its employees, are drawn up by the Authority, the terms and conditions of service of State employees, including the conduct and discipline of State employees, shall continue to apply to every person transferred under subsection 
(1).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par Section 26 of the Act provides that the power to make appointment vests in the Authority.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Section 27(2) of the Act provides:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi709\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3936662 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The Chief Executive Officer shall }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3936662 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3936662 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 (a) hold office as the Commissioner of Inland Revenue and Comptroller of Customs and E
xcise under the Income Tax Act and Customs Act respectively;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3936662 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
(b) be responsible to the Authority for the proper administration and management of the functions and affairs of the Authority in accordance with the policy laid down by the authority;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3936662 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 (c) be r
esponsible to the Authority for the administration and enforcement and collection of revenue under, the laws specified in the First Schedule;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3936662 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 (d) perform such other functions or duties as the Authority, from time to time may determine;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3936662 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 (e) not be removed from office without the consent of the Minister.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par Mrs Kumar and Mr Prasad were both employees of the Authority.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
Mrs Kumar was an accounts officer at the Customs Division, and Mr Prasad was Assistant Accounts Officer in the same division.
\par 
\par On 16}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  July 19
99 the two officers were informed by memorandum that they were to be subjected to disciplinary hearings in respect of charges under the Public Service Commission (Constitution) Regulations 1990.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The charges were for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Negligent Conduct}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Conduct Prejudicial}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  in respect of approvals of Salary Scale Progression payments made improperly to Mrs Kumar and Ms Rowena Ali.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The two officers were given 14 days to respond to the charges.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 On 23}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 rd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  August 1999, a Disciplinary Tribunal was appointed by the Chief Execut
ive Officer to try the charges against the officers.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
At the hearing, all relevant documents were disclosed to the officers, and they were represented by the Fiji Public Service Association.
\par 
\par On 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  March 2000, the Tribunal found on the evidence that Mrs Kumar had committed the offences charged, and that }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
the charges against Allan Prasad are partly substantiated and he is partially exonerated.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The matter was referred to the Chief Executive Officer to impose penalty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 He did so after receiving submissions in mitigation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 On 24}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  March 2000, the Chief Executive Officer informed both officers that he had terminated their appointment.
\par 
\par The Public Service Association was not satisfied with this decision and registered a trade dispute with the Permanent Secretary for Labour, under the Trade Disputes Act.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The Arbitration Tribunal was then requested to make an award in respect of the following dispute:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3936662 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 for settlement over the termination of Messrs Premila Devi Kumar and Allan Prasad with effect from 24}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 th}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  March 2000 which action the Union claims is wrongful and unfair and therefore seeks immediate reinstatement without loss of pay and benefits.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par The Permanent Arbitrator handed down his Award on 12}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  March 2001.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 He found firstly that the Chief Executive Officer had no 
powers to appoint, dismiss or discipline employees, and that the dismissal of the two officers was therefore wrongful in law and without jurisdiction, secondly that a reasonable employer could not conclude that Allan Prasad was guilty of serious misconduc
t when the Tribunal had }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
partially exonerated}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
 him, thirdly that both officers had been accorded procedural fairness, and fourthly that the penalties imposed were harsh and disproportionate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 He concluded that reinstatement ought to be effected.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Review of the Arbitration Tribunal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par 
\par There can be no dispute that the Arbitration Tribunal is susceptible to review (Re }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Satish Chandra}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  (1986) FLR 16).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 As Byrne J said in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Ports Authority of Fiji }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
 Port Workers and Seafarers Union}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  JR0008 OF 1996 at page 11:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3936662 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 If a Tri
bunal goes beyond its jurisdiction or fails to follow the rules of natural justice or acts unreasonably in the Wednesbury sense, any decision it makes in law is simply not a decision.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257\charrsid16718257 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 In that case leave was granted to review a decision of the Tribunal to award compensatory payment, when its term of reference was in respect of redundancy.
\par 
\par At leave stage, the Applicant must show an arguable case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
It must also show that it has sufficient interest in the proceedings, and that the case is not frivolous or an abuse of the process.
\par 
\par In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Inland Revenue Commissioners }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 v}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  National Federation of Self}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Employed and Small Businesses Ltd.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  (1981) 2 ALL ER 93 Lord Scarman said (at page 113):
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3936662 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 If he fails to show, when he applies for leave, a prima facie case, or reasonabl
e grounds for believing that there has been a failure of public duty, the court could be in error if it granted leave.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
The curb represented by the need for an applicant to show, when he seeks leave to apply, that he has such a case is an essential protection against abuse of legal process.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 It enables the court to prevent abuse by busybodies, cranks and other mischief makers.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 I do not see any further purpose served by the requirements for leave.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par I am satisfied on this test, that leave should be granted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 I do not consider the Authority to be a crank or a busybody.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
Clearly it has a direct interest in the question of whether the Tribunal exceeded its jurisdiction, and/or of whether its Chief Executive Officer has powers to dismiss its employees.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 There is certainly an arguable case for the proposition that the Permanent Arbitrator exceeded his jurisdiction in considering lawfulness whilst considering wrongfulness.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Ultra Vires}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par 
\par The Applicant says that the Permanent Arbitrator exceeded his jurisdiction when he asked whether the Chief Executive Officer had powers to dismiss, when that was not referred to in his terms of reference.
\par 
\par Professor Wade in his text }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Administrative Law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 \~(5}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  Ed.) Said at page 38:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3936662 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The simple proposition that a public authority may not act outside its powers (ultra}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 vires) may fitly be called the central principle of administrative law.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257\charrsid16718257 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Anisminic Ltd. }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  Foreign Compensation Commission}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  (1969) 2 AC 147, Lord Reid said (at p.171):
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3936662 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 It has sometimes been said that it is only where a tribunal acts without jurisdiction that its decision is a nullity.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 But in such cases the word }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 jurisdiction}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  has been used in a very wide sense, and I have come to the conclusion that it is better not to use the term except in the narrow and original sense of th
e tribunal being entitled to enter on the inquiry which is of such a nature that its decision is a nullity.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
It may have given its decision in bad faith.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 It may have made a decision which it had no power to make.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 It may have failed in the course of the inquiry to comply with the requirements of natural justice.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
It may in perfect good faith have misconstrued the provisions giving it power to act so that it failed to deal with the question remitted to it and decided some question which was not remitted to it.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 It may have refused to take into account something which it was required to take into account.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Racal Communications Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  (1980) 2 ALL ER Lord Diplock at p.637 said of concept of ultra vires that:}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3936662 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 It proceeds on the presumption that where Parliament c
onfers on an administrative tribunal or authority, as distinct from a court of law, power to decide particular questions defined by the Act conferring the power, Parliament intends to confine that power to answering the question as it has been so defined,
 and if there has been any doubt as to what that question is this is a matter for courts of law to resolve in fulfilment of their constitutional role as interpreters of the written law and expounders of the common law and rules of equity.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 So, if the adminis
trative tribunal or authority have asked themselves the wrong question and answered that, they have done something that the Act does not empower them to do and their decision is a nullity.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par Section 6 of the Trade Disputes Act Cap 97 provides that the Minister for Industrial Relations may, with the consent of the parties authorise the Permanent Secretary to refer a trade dispute to a Tribunal for settlement.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Section 3(2) of the Act provides that a trade dispute when reported to the Permanent Secretary shall sufficiently specify }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
each and every matter over which the dispute has arisen or is apprehended.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The jurisdiction of the Permanent Arbitrator is therefore limited to the trade dispute referred to him for decision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 His jurisdiction is limited to his terms of reference.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 In }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Suva City Council }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 v}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  Suva City Council Staff Association}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
 JR 3/1989, Byrne J found that the Permanent Arbitrator acted outside his terms of reference when he considered the individual merits of the cases of compulsory retirement when he 
was only required to ask whether the consent of the Staff Association was required before the retirement of any employee over the age of 55.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 His Lordship found that the Permanent Arbitrator acted beyond his jurisdiction and that part of his Award was a nullity.
\par 
\par The Permanent Arbitrator}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
s terms of reference were in relation to the termination of the officers.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The dispute referred to the Tribunal was:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3936662 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 For settlement over the termination of Messrs Premila Devi Kumar and Allan Prasad with effect from 24}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 th}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  March 2000 which action the Union claims is }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 wrongful and unfair}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  and therefore seeks immediate reinstatement without loss of pay and benefits.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  (my emphasis)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par It is apparent that at the hearing of the Disciplinary Tribunal, the power of the Chief Executive Authority to terminate was not raised.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
The officers were charged and tried under the PSC (Constitution) Regulations 1990, and at that stage, the Chief Executive Officer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 s powers to suspend or terminate, was irrelevant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 However those powers were relevant at the stage of mitigation, and they were not disputed.
\par 
\par The question of whether he had those powers was raised for the first time by the Association when the Chief Executive Officer was cross}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
examined at page 14 of the record.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 His evidence was that he had pow
ers to discipline employees under section 17 of the Act, and that he had taken legal advice from his legal section on this issue.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
At page 18 of the record, it is apparent that the Arbitrator was aware of the issue and asked Ms Malimali for the Authority to provide evidence of a delegation of powers to appoint by the Authority to the Chief Executive Officer.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 A copy of the Chief Executive Officer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 s contract of service was given to him, but not evidence of a valid delegation.
\par 
\par The question of the legality of the terminations was then raised in submissions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
In its submissions the Association submitted that the Chief Executive did not have powers to deal with disciplinary matters and that only the Public Service Commission had such powers.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The Association referre
d to the fact that the right of appeal under the Public Service (Amendment) Act No. 58 of 1998 was wrongfully taken away when the Chief Executive decided to terminate the officers himself.
\par 
\par The Authority in its submissions, said that the question of the la
wfulness of the terminations, was not within the terms of reference of the Tribunal, but that in any event the Authority had powers to appoint, promote and dismiss by virtue of section 17(1) of the Fiji Islands Revenue and Customs Authority Act which tran
sferred all employees to the employ of the Authority on 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  January 1999.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
The Authority submitted that the Act gave the Authority powers to appoint under section 26, and gave the Chief Executive Officer responsibility for the management of the functions and affairs of the Authority, under section 27.
\par 
\par These submissions were therefore ventilated for the first time, at the hearing of the Arbitration Tribunal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
The question of the lawfulness of the terminations, under the 1999 Act, were not specifically referred to in the dispute referred to the Tribunal.
\par 
\par The question on judicial review, is whether the Tribunal exceeded its jurisdiction by considering the issue.
\par 
\par There can be no doubt at all that if the Tribunal acted within his jurisdiction, and if he was right in deciding that the Chief Executive had no powers to discipline or terminate, that the terminations of the employment of the officers are null and void.

\par 
\par Does }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 wrongful}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  include }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 unlawful}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
? The Authority says it does not, and that all the Tribunal was required to do was to consider whether the employer }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 genuinely and reasonable believed the grievor was guilty of serious misconduct.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
In its supplementary submissions, the Authority said that the real dispute was the circumstances of the dismissal, and that it was never the intention of the parties to refer the lawfulness of the dismissal to the Tribunal.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The First Respondent says that the Oxford English Dictionary defines }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 wrongful}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  as }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
contrary to law, statute or established rule, unlawful, illegal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 , that the Tribunal was required to deliberate on lawfulness, and that section 31 gave the Tribunal wide powers to illicit all relevant information.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The Second Respondent says that the issue of lawfulness in respect of the penalty imposed was included in the Aut
hority}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
s submissions before the Tribunal, and that the Authority could not therefore now argue that lawfulness was irrelevant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 I do not agree with the First Respondent that section 31 of the Trade Disputes Act allows the Permanent Arbitrator to consider issues outside his terms of reference.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
The purpose of section 31 is to allow the Permanent Arbitrator to obtain evidence in order to allow him to properly consider the terms of reference of the dispute, referred to him by the Permanent Secretary.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The issue
, as I see it, is whether the terms of reference included jurisdiction to consider the lawful powers of the Authority and the Chief Executive.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The word }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 wrongful}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  in terms of employment law, and the word }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 unfair}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  have their own definitions in the common law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The word }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 unfair}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
 is commonly used, in both statute and common law to refer to dismissals which are not based on; 1) the capability or qualifications of the employee; 2) the conduct of the employee; 3) reasonableness; or 4) good faith.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Employment tribu
nals are usually required to consider whether in all the circumstances, having regard to equity and the substantial merits of the case, the employer acted reasonably in dismissing the employee, and for a valid reason.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 An investigation into the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 fairness}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  of a dismissal, involves an examination of the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 substance}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  of the dismissal, including a consideration of the employer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 s needs, the circumstances of the employee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 s length of service, and other factors in mitigation of the employee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 s misconduct.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The House of Lords in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Smith }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  City of Glasgow District Council}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12088945  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
(1987) 1 RLR 326, said that the employer must show that he/she genuinely believed that dismissal was reasonable and the reasons for such dismissal, were valid.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The test is not entirely subjective, because 
the employer also has to show that his belief was based on reasonable grounds (see }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Watling & Co. Ltd. }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  Richardson}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12088945  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 (1978) 1 CR 1049, also }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Smith & Wood }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Industrial Law}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12088945  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 p.299).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 As Lord Denning said in }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Alidair Ltd. }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 v}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  Taylor}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12088945  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
(1978) 1 RLR 82, at pp.84}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 85:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 If a man is dismissed for stealing, as long as the employer honestly believes it on reasonable grounds, that is enough to justify dismissal.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 It is not necessary for the employer to prove that he was in fact stealing.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Whenever a man is dismissed for incapacity or incompetence it is sufficient that the employer honestly believes on reasonable grounds that the man is incapable or incompetent.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 It is not necessary for the employer to prove that he is in fact incapable or incompetent.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 It was this test that the Tribunal referred to at page 5 of its award.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The Tribunal said:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 In cases involving unjustified dismissals the Tribunal has to be convinced that the employer genuinely and reasonably believed that the grievor was guilty of serious misconduct.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 This then is the legal meaning of the word }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 unfair.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The word }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 wrongfully}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  logically, was intended to have some other meaning.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 In common law and statute, the word has developed a special meaning.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The common law action for wrongful dismissal was and is based on form rather than substance.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
Thus a wrongful dismissal in a case where employee and employer share contractual relations, may be termination in a way not envisaged by the contract, or before the contract expires (see }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 McClelland }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 v}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  Northern Ireland General Health Services Board}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
 (1957) 2 ALL ER 129).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
The concept of wrongful dismissal may include an argument that the dismissal was invalid either because of breaches of natural justice, or on the ground of ultra vires.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Vine }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
 National Dock Labour Board}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  (1957) AC 488 a registered dockworker employed by the Board under a statutory scheme, was dismissed for refusing a valid order.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 His dismissal was effected by a committee which, on a true construction of the statutory scheme, did not have powers to dismiss.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The House of Lords held that the dismissal was ultra vires and a nullity.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The word }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 wrongful}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  is therefore different to the word }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 unfair.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 A dismissal may be wrongful on the basis of form and procedure.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 An unfair dismissal may be challenged on the question of whether the employer believed on reasonable grounds that the employee}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 s conduct justified dismissal.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 As Smith & Wood in the text }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Industrial Law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 , saw at p.232:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The obvious contrast between the two is that the statutory action for unfair dismissal invo
lves an inquiry into the overall merits of the dismissal whereas the common law action for wrongful dismissal looks basically to the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 form}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  of the dismissal.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 In the light of these definitions, it is apparent, that the concept of ultra vires is included in 
the question of the wrongfulness of a dismissal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
I accept that the thrust of the trade dispute referred to the Tribunal related to unfairness.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 However, the use of the word }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 wrongful}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  in addition to }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 unfair}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
 in the referred dispute, defined the bounds of the Arbitration Tribunal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 s jurisdiction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Further, the Authority}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
s powers to discipline were raised at the Arbitration hearing by the Authority itself, in the course of the hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
When the parties continuously referred to the Authority}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 s powers to disciplin
e, and to the provisions of the PSC (Constitution) Regulations 1990, it was inevitable that the Arbitration Tribunal would consider those provisions, and their applicability to the dismissals of the officers.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Indeed, it was the Tribunal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 s duty to do so, despite the Association}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL
 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 s apparent concessions initially as to the lawfulness of the dismissals.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
In all the circumstances, I find that the Tribunal did not exceed its jurisdiction in considering whether the Chief Executive Officer of the Authority had lawful powers to dismiss.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The Award is therefore not a nullity on this ground.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Error on the face of the Record}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
The Applicant says that the Permanent Arbitrator erred in finding that the Chief Executive Officer had no powers to terminate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
I do not agree. Although judicial review proceedings do not permit the reviewing court to consider the merits of the decision, and must only be concerned with the decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 making process, there are some errors of law, which, if made, may nullify the entire proceedings under review.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
Although there is considerable authority for the view that an inferior tribunal has jurisdiction to adjudicate incorrectly and correctly questions of law which go to the merits of a case, there is also considerable authority for the view that all err
ors of law are reviewable (see Professor Wade }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Administrative Law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  6}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  Ed. p.302).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 South}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 East Asia Fire Bricks SDN.BHD }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 v}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  Non}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Metallic Mineral Products Manufacturing Employees Union}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  (1981) AC 363, the Privy Council also took that position.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Byrne J in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 State }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 v}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
 Arbitration Tribunal of the Republic of Fiji ex parte Ports Authority of Fiji}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  J/R Action No. HBJ0008 of 1996 referred with approval to the view of Lord Denning M.R. in }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Pearlman }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 v}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  Harrow School Governors}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  (1979) QB 56 when he said:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The way to get things right is to hold thus: no court or tribunal has any jurisdiction to make an error of law on which the decision of the case depends.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 If it makes such an error, it goes outside its jurisdiction and certiorari will lie to correct it.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 I do not consider that the Permanent Arbitrator made an error of law in this case.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
The Fiji Revenue and Customs Authority Act certainly transferred employees to the employment of the Authority, but section 17(2) of the Act provided that rules as to conduct and discipline were to apply in the same way as they applied to State employees.}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The Authority was undoubtedly given powers to appoint.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 This arguably included dismissal pursuant to the Interpretation Act.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
However, section 27(2) of the Act, which provide for the powers and function of the Chief Executive, do not include a power to appoint or dismiss.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Nor can such power be implied from meetings of the Authority, or from the words }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The Chief Executive Officer shall .... perform such other functions or duties as the Authority, from time to time may determine.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The dismissal of an employee has serious consequences for both employee and employer.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Statutory provisions for dismissal must be strictly read.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Section 24 of the Act provides that the powers of the Authority may be delegated to a person or committee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 However, there was no such delegation of the power to appoint to the Chief Executive.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
In the circumstances I do not consider that the Permanent Arbitrator erred in law in finding that the Chief Executive Officer had no powers to dismiss.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 This ground for review also fails.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Irrelevant and Relevant Considerations}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The Permanent Arbitrator accepted that the Authority believed on reasonable grounds that Mrs Kumar}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 s actions qualified as }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 serious misconduct}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 , but said that in the 
light of Mr Prasad}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 s }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 partial exoneration}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 , his actions probably did not.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
The Authority says that the Permanent Arbitrator failed to consider the seriousness of the conduct of both officers, in the context of the revenue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 collecting role of the Authority.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
Nor, it says did he consider the effects of reinstatement.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par It is clear from a reading of the Award, that the Permanent Arbitrator, having heard evidence from a number of witnesses, acted reasonably in the Wednesbury sense.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Given his findings on ultra vires, he clearly did not need to canvass at length the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f 
"WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 unfairness}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  portion of the dispute.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
He was entitled to reach the conclusion that he did on the Authority}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 65 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 reasonable belief}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 64 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  as to the grounds for dismissal.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Nor is the Award, and the reasons for it s
o unreasonable that no reasonable tribunal could have reached that conclusion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Nor is reinstatement unreasonable given the Arbitrator}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 61 \\f "WP TypographicSymbols" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f169\fs24}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
s finding that the dismissals were null and void. The Award shows that the Arbitrator considered the question of reinstatement carefully and rationally.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 Conclusion}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 For the reasons I have given in this judgment, this application for judicial review fails.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 The Applicant must pay the 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 st}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  and 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 nd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
 Respondents costs to be taxed if not agreed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12088945 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid12088945 Nazhat Shameem
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid12088945 JUDGE}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid12088945 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718257 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 
\par At Suva
\par 10}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554791\charrsid16718257  September 2001}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718257 
\par }}