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\par Mr. A. Kohli for Plaintiff
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The plaintiff seeks to recover from the defendant the sum of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 $55,000.00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  (fifty five thousand dollars) under policies of fire ins
urance for damages caused by fire in early morning of 4 January 1994. }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The plaintiff is a businessman}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 who resides at Savusavu and was at all material times carrying on the business of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 spare parts}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 supermarket}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  on premises}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 which is a double storey building rented from one Brij Singh.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The defendant, a duly registered}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 limited liability company under the Companies Act, is liable to be sued in and by its corporate name.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Between 3 January 1994 and early morning of 4 January}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 at the material times the plaintiff\rquote s spare parts and stock-in-trade of the supermarket (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 goods}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
) were destroyed by fire.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The goods were insured with the defendant whereby the defendant agreed to }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 indemnify}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  the plaintiff against loss or damages occasioned to the goods by fire, lightening or explosion.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The defendant after being notified of the loss by fire, failed to pay the said claim of $55,000.00 being the alleged value of the goods.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The plaintiff therefore brought these proceedings on 7 September 1995 by issuing this Writ of Summons against the defendant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7818583 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818583 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Background facts
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 To get a picture of the building where the fire was I set out briefly its layout.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14319047\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The ground floor of the building which is of concr
ete construction was occupied by the plaintiff for his business.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The upstairs portion is of timber construction.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Immediately above the plaintiff\rquote 
s shop, the premises were let out as a bookshop run by a Church and behind that was a residence occupied by a Fijian family.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14319047 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The plaintiff ran his business of spare parts from the rear section of the ground floor and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 his minimarket business was operated from the front section.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
This building is a unit on its own but there are neighbours on both sides with a passageway on each side separating the neighbours.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14319047 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 On or shortly after midnight of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 4 January 1994}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
 there was a fire in the plaintiff\rquote s section of the building.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
Alarm was raised and the Savusavu Fire Brigade which was then under the jurisdiction of the Savusavu Town Council attended to the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The call was received by the Chief Fire Officer at 12.45 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7567918 a.m.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par 
\par The defendant\rquote s }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Defence and Counterclaim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  are as follows (as stated in the plaintiff\rquote s written submission):

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The Defendant in its Amended Defence say that the Pl
aintiff has made a false or fraudulently exaggerated claim on account of his loss and thereby represented that his loss was $55,000.00.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
It says that:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\ls3\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 The claim was false.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\ls3\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 
The fire was deliberately started by the Plaintiff or his servant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\ls3\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 The Pl
aintiff did not carry the alleged stocks claimed as destroyed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\ls3\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 The Plaintiff\rquote 
s claim is so excessive that it does not properly reflect his actual loss.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\ls3\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 The Plaintiff put f
orward deliberately exaggerated figure for the purposes of settlement of his claim.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 It further says that the Plaintiff made false statements in support of his claim in that:
\par }{\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 
He stated that he had stock in supermarket worth $4,095.30.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 That he had s
pare parts worth $55,400.98.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 
That he falsely stated that he was looted of some stock.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 
That he stated that there was}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  no salvage.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 By way of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 counterclaim}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  it wants costs of investigation totalling
\par $1,240.38.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7818583 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818583 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Matters in dispute}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The matters in dispute are as to how the fire was caused; the defendant\rquote 
s contention being that the plaintiff\rquote s servants or agents had deliberately set}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
fire to the premises whereas the plaintiff denies this.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 It is also in dispute as to the extent of the damage; the defendant\rquote 
s contention being that the plaintiff exaggerated the loss suffered and in fact did not carry the stock he claims was destroyed by fire and also that the claim is fraudulent whereas the plaintiff says that he suffered total loss.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7818583 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818583 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid7567918 The Issues}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid7567918 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489951 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
It was agreed that a Fire Insurance Policy was issued by the defendant covering total sum insured of $60,000.00.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
It is also not in dispute that on or around the morning of 4th}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 January 1994 the plaintiff\rquote 
s said premises caught fire thereby destroying the contents of his shop.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid489951 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Agreed issues:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid14319047 5)\tab }{\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 Whether the plaintiff had lawful claim to the losses suffered.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid14319047 6)\tab }{\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 Whether there has been a breach of any condition of the Policy by the plaintiff as alleged by th
e defendant at all.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\insrsid14319047 7)\tab }{\insrsid1781860\charrsid14319047 Whether the plaintiff is entitled to be indemnified for the losses suffered in all the circumstances and}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  if so to what extent?
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7818583 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818583 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Plaintiff\rquote s evidence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par The Plaintiff says that he came to know of the fire at 4.30 a.m. when Sandra Banta a next door neighbour rang when his mother answered the call..}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He denied}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 he received a call from a Fong (the Mayor of Savusavu) at 1.15 am.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He is his immediate neighbour.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He went to the shop, lot of people were there; the firemen had put the fire off.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Police took the keys from him; police were carrying a cash box which should have had cash $300}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 from Spareparts and $200 from Supermarket but no money was there.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The Plaintiff went home but came back at 8.00 am.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He said that fireman Mudu found a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14319047 
 mosquito coil and some matches }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 which were \lquote taped\rquote  in mosquito coil which he brought from next to place where it was burnt and left it on the shelf of spare parts.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 A photograph was taken of it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He said he was \lquote shocked to see the mosquito coil, picked from floor in my presence\rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He said that the coil was dry and there was no indication that it was close to fire.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The Plaintiff said when the shop closed the previous day he did not check the back door but the front door was closed by his brother.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
It was locked in the usual manner.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He said that he did not find any break-in or forced entry.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The insurance assessor Rickman came on Wednesday; the fire was on Monday.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He filled in the Claim Form.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14319047 
He said everything was damaged.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The Plaintiff did stock-taking after the fire and the
 prices he gave were wholesale as directed by insurance assessor}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Rickman.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He says that he has lost stock worth $55,000.00 and he told Rickman that the left over stock had no value and the latter said}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 he can take it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He said that the total addition in claim form came to $58,000.
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 In the second or third week of the fire he made a sale worth $1000.00.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The Plaintiff said that his claim is not fraudulent; that he did not light the fire.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He said that he had spare parts stock valued at $55,000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He said that some parts were looted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The Plaintiff admitted that he told the Defendant that there was no \lquote salvage\rquote .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14319047 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He said that the stocks were there of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 the value claimed and the claim is not excessive.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14319047 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 As to his financial position the Plaintiff said that he was not in financial difficulties and that he was not being pressed for payment by the Banks.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14319047 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 In cross-examination the Plaintiff denied receiving a telephone call from Mr. Fong on the morning of the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 When he got to the building the fire was already under control.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The day after the fire i.e. on Tuesday the Police and Fire people were there with camera.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 They found a mosquito coil.
\par 
\par The Plaintiff said that sales dockets were destroyed by fire; stock cards were burnt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The book of purchases is missing.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He said he gave wholesale price of items to Police and Rickman.
\par 
\par He admitted that his 26 cheques were dishonoured and as far as his financial position with Banks is concerned he said it \lquote wasn\rquote t bad, just rolling\rquote .
\par 
\par In cross-examination he admitted that he came to know of fire from Mrs. Banta at 1.30 am and not 4.30 a.m. as he previously stated.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
Also in regard to the keys to the premises at first he said that the Police had the keys after the fire but in the next breath when questioned said that he had the keys admitting that his earlier testimony was incorrect.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He agreed that in his Statement to Police he did not tell them that the place was looted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He agreed that he is not entitled to retail price.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He said that he 
should have given wholesale price and that is a mistake which he made. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7818583 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818583 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Plaintiff\rquote s counsel\rquote s submission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The learned counsel for the plaintiff submitted that there is no evidence whatsoever that the fire was lit by the plaintiff or his servants or agents.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The plaintiff, his wife and his brother were not even a suspect after police investigation into the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Even after finding the mosquito coil no action was taken by the police.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
He says that all this shows that the plaintiff did not have anything to do with the fire.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
Mr. Kohli says that it is unbelievable that Inspector Mahendra Prasad (PW7) could not obtain information from the banks in Savusavu about the plaintiff\rquote s financial position.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He said that the police had \lquote filed\rquote  this case as there was no evidence whatsoever that the plaintiff had set fire to the shop.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He has not been charged till today.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Counsel has the following points to make about the mosquito coil:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The mosquito coil is supposed to have been found on a plank.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 If one examines the photographs
 carefully one will see that there is absolutely nothing near the place where the coil is supposed to have been found.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
In fact the plank was according to Plaintiff covered with a wrapper and his evidence was supported by Raymond Fong and Peni Mudu.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Both of
 these persons admitted that they were hosing the fire down.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
From the photographs it is obvious that damage by fire was caused to the wall near and above the plank.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
Both witnesses testified that they were hosing for some 10 to 15 minutes.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 There was plenty of smoke and heat.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 It is indeed surprising if the cover in the plank was disturbed either by the hosing or by heat how come the coil remained undisturbed.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Counsel}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 submitted that the plaintiff was not in financial difficulties and he had a credit balance of $462.15 in his personal account.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
Mr. Kohli submitted that his loss was $55,000.00 and on sale of damaged items be realized the sum of $1000.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
He said that the insurance company took no steps to take the damaged items away.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Counsel says that the defen
dant has not discharged its burden of proof and it failed to prove that the claim is fraudulent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14319047 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He says that the plaintiff has suffered total loss and even on the assessor\rquote s own}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 stock count the loss suffered by the plaintiff would be $37,150.70.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
He said that if}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
the court decides that there were items which could be salvaged and sold then according to Mr. Rickman (PW8) the total loss at wholesale price would be $18,800.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He agreed that if the insurance company was \lquote held back to indemnify\rquote  the plainfiff then the maximum liability would be $18,800.00.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7818583 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818583 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Defendant\rquote s evidence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The witnesses for the defendant were a businessman and a former mayor of Savusavu}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Raymond Fong}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  (DWI), fireman }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Peni Mudu}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  (DW2), F.E.A employee }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Bimal Chand}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  (DW3), relieving Manager of ANZ Bank }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Lilo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Joseph Foster Fox}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  (DW4), an accountant with Westpac }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
Vinod Kumar Raniga}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  (DW5), }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Anita Devi Prakash}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
 (DW6) - Manager of defendant at Labasa, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Inspector Mahendra Prasad}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  (DW7) and Insurance Assessor }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Rickman}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  (DW8).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 DW1 }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 stated that after he heard Mr. Banta shouting about some fire so he rang the Plaintiff at 12.45 a.m. and told him that his shop is on fire and also alerted the Savusavu Fire Brigade.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The Plaintiff said he }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
will be coming up}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
On the morning of 4 January 1994 the plaintiff, Fong, Firemen and Policemen were at the shop.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 They all went inside.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The witness said that a fireman had a torch and with the light of the torch he came upon a }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 mosquito coil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  and tied to it was matchstick which was located on the top of a portable shelf.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The Police and firemen\rquote s attention was drawn to this.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Fong had a camera and he took photos of the mosquito coil and these were}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
tendered to court as Exhibit }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7567918\charrsid9336543 D2 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 e) (1-4)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 DW2 PENI MUDU, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Chief Fire Officer testified that he received a call with reference to a fir
e in Savusavu Town at 12.45 am from Fong (PW1).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He attended to the call at Gokul\rquote s Spare Parts shop.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 They investigated the cause of fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He said that a fireman showed him what he saw; it was a mosquito coil on the stand to hold the coil.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He identified the coil that was tendered to Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The witness said that there was no suggestion of electrical fault; no sign of forced entry.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The witness further testified that on 19 March 1999 he met the plaintiff who asked him to help him by removing the \lquote photos\rquote  but the witness said that he cannot for by that time he had already given negative to Rickman the assessor.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 DW3}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  said that there was nothing to suggest on examination that there was an electrical fault before the fire.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 DW4 Lilo Joseph Foster Fox}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  testified that the plaintiff had an overdraft account and a term deposit account with the Bank.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 On 9 September 1993 he had occasion to cause to be written to him for $270 arrears for repayment with a warning that legal action will be taken after 24 September.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 On 15 October 1993 the plaintiff called in and said his business is slack.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He was told to lodge $100 per week to update but he did not keep up with that arrangement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He was written to again on 2 November 1993 and given another chance to pay $630 arrears.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He did not honour that.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
Before the fire, demand notice was to have been served.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The plaintiff has a history of default; }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 it was not a satisfactory account}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 DW5 Vinod Kumar Raniga}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  an accountant with Westpac, Labasa testified that in 1994 the plaintiff 
had two accounts with them at Savusavu Branch of the Bank.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Large amounts were outstanding in these accounts.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Until July 1993 his cheques were dishonoured and on 14 December 1993 cheque was returned on personal account.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He was written on 23 June 1993 and 22 July 1993 to reduce his debt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 On 20 December 1993 he was written to threatening legal action to clear his excess.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 On 9 December 1993 the plaintiff told the Bank that the business is very low and that he might be arranging funds through National Bank of Fiji.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He was advised to pay account as the position is not good and if this trend continues the Bank will commence legal action.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The plaintiff was to call again on 20 October 1993 as the Bank had resolved to threaten legal action.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The Labasa Branch Manager of the defendant }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Anita Devi Prakash}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  (DW6) testified that the plaintiff lodged a claim after the fire.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He did not notify that there was going to be a sale of damaged articles.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Inspector Mahendra Prasad}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  (}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 DW7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 ) was the investigating officer in this fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He arrived at the scene at 2.45 am.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He did not find any sign of breaking-in.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 On}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
inspection he found the mosquito coil on a \lquote portable wooden plank\rquote  to which reference was made by fire Officer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He took}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 in his possession a photograph of it}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 which was taken with the Mayor Fong\rquote s camera.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
He tendered the coil as exhibit (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Exhibit D3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
testified that he did not see any pilfering nor did the plaintiff complain to him about pilfering and looting.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
He did not report to him about any cash missing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He said that he did see 
a small hole in exterior staircase but it was so small that his hands could not go through it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The plaintiff did not tell him that children threw candle and match through this hole.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The witness took a plain statement on 7 Janaury 1994 (
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 exhibit D4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 ) from the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The loss was being ascertained and the Plaintiff gave retail prices for them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
Another statement was recorded from him on 6 May 1994 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 exhibit D5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 In cross-examination when asked by Mr. Kohli: \lquote As investigating Officer how you think fire started?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7567918\charrsid9336543 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  he replied \lquote had suspicion on plaintiff because no break in and item forced - it was plaintiff or his brother to do this\rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He said that he did not find evidence to lay a charge.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par The last witness was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Ronald Thomas Rickman}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 PW8}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 ) a loss assessor.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
He testified that he provided a report relating to his first visit on 4 January 1994 and he went again on 24 January for stock count and he provided the report in respect of that as well.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He also took photographs of inside the shop and tendered them to Court as exhibits.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The plaintiff had claimed $}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7567918\charrsid9336543 58,498. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
He said that the total stock held at the time of the fire was $39,079.72 (being $37,075.39 for spare parts and $2004.33 for mini market).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The claim that the plaintiff lodged with the defendant to be paid for loss was $59,496.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
He said that he appears to claim for stocks that he did not have.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The witness said that he was not given any records by the plaintiff at all to substantiate his stock as he claimed that the records had been lost in the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The total loss assessed by the assessor is $18,800 for both the spare parts and the supermarket.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7818583 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818583 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Defendant\rquote s counsel\rquote s submission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par The learned counsel for the defendant submitted that the thrust of the defence case is that the defendant was entitled to decline t
he claim by virtue of the terms of the policy and the common law as being fraudulent and fraudulently exaggerated particulars whereof he has outlined and further the plaintiff had made false statements in support of his claim.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Counsel submits that the evidence supporting the defendant\rquote s case is }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 circumstantial}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 There was no direct evidence of the Plaintiff having set fire to the premises to recover the insurance monies.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He said that such proof is very difficult if not impossible in most cases.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
Counsel submitted that the discovery of the mosquito coil set up as an incendiary device is conclusive of deliberateness of the fire as reported by Rickman (DW8) an Insurance Assessor at page 71 of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Exhibit D1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  where he says:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 It is our opinion due to the l
ocation of the fire and the evidence found by the Chief Officer that a number of incendiary devices may have been set with the one found by the Fire Chief to ignite or be consumed by the flames}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par On the evidence, counsel asks the Court to draw the inferen
ce in the absence of any credible or cogent explanation to the contrary that the plaintiff either by himself or others under his control and direction set fire to the premises and that there would have been more than one incendiary device placed in the pr
emises prior to it}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 being set alight which either contributed to or caused the fire.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
It is further submitted that in the absence of a break-in or forced entry into the premises the only person who could have had access to the premises was the Plaintiff and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 he asks the Court to draw that inference.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
He was the person who secured the premises for the night.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The Counsel dealt at great length with the plaintiff\rquote 
s financial position about which he says the plaintiff had not told the whole truth.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He said that he told too many lies.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The plaintiff\rquote s financial position with his Bankers is not simply that he had outstanding loans but his ability to service them.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Counsel submitted that the financial pressure provided a strong motive to set fire.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Counsel then dealt with other evidence on which the defendant relies.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
He said that the plaintiff told lies about the keys to the shop in that he conceded that his earlier testimony that the police took the keys off him was not correct.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He questioned why the Plaintiff did not rush to the fire when he had been informed at 12.45 am by Fong.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The insurance premium was paid on the eve of the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Counsel submitted that the plaintiff\rquote s enthusiasm in wishing to make payment on that date is \lquote all revealing of the plaintiff\rquote s plot.\rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He said in plaintiff\rquote s own word is that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 he \lquote ran\rquote  to pay this.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par Counsel said that the plaintiff told lies about the amount of cash found in the shop.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
He did not complain to DW7 about the missing money when he made statements to the police.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Both DW1 and DW7 said that there was no looting}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 reported}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
to the assessor; or that a lot of items had been stolen.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The plaintiff told lies about salvage as he told the defendant that there was no salvage when in cross-examination he admitted that he had a sale after the fire realizing $1000.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Counsel submits that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
the claim is fraudulent and the plaintiff loses the right to recover anything under the terms of the policies.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 On value of loss, counsel said that the plaintiff gave conflicting reasons.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The plaintiff said that his total loss is $58,000 but his claim is $55,000.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He was unable to produce any records of his sales and purchase.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
He did not call his accountant inspite of the opportunity being offered to do so.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The total spare parts loss is g
iven in the police statement was $34,554.04.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The supermarket loss came to $2,004.33.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Counsel said that the plaintiff\rquote s fraudulent intent is clear in that he wanted to recover much in excess of his actual loss.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Counsel submits that the plaintiff has failed to prove his loss by any satisfactory evidence.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The onus of proof is on the plaintiff and in the absence of any such evidence his claim is liable to be dismissed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 On the question of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 wholesale and retail price}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  the plaintiff stated in his evidence in chi
ef that the total figures that he gave to the defendant through the assessor was based on the wholesale prices.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
In his statement to police he agreed he told DW7 that the figures were retail.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Then he said he made a mistake.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Counsel submitted that in view of the plaintiff\rquote 
s plain statement to the police and the evidence of DW7 and DW8 the prices given were retail is an attempt by the plaintiff to recover amounts in excess of his loss which is fraudulent; such conduct is deliberate and wilful.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7818583 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818583 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Consideration of the issues}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The plaintiff\rquote 
s claim for loss is made under the provisions of the two fire policies which were current on the day of the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
He was entitled to make the claim under, inter alia, the following provisions of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 policies}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  (as stated in the defendant
\rquote s written submission):
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The insurance in respect of the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
minimarket}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  was first taken out on 27/7/1990 and was subsequently renewed from time to time.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The total sum insured was $12,000.00 which was later increased to $22,000.00 in 1992.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The last premium paid in respect of this policy was on 3rd January 1994.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The Policy number is 321281FCPOO1 exhibited in Plaintiff\rquote s list of documents on page 41.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 This policy was in existence at the time of the fire.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The insurance in respect of the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
spare parts}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  was first taken out on 12/12/91.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The sum insured was $60,000.00.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 This policy was renewed from time to time and was in existence at the time of the fire.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 This policy Number is 326546FCP001 and is exhibited in Plaintiffs list of documents on page 31.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Both the policies covered damage by fire.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Clause 6}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  of the policy provided.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
On the happening of any destruction or damage the Insured shall forthwith give notice thereof to the Company and shall within thirty days after such destruction or damage or such 
further time as the Company may allow, at his own expense deliver to the company a claim in writing containing as particular an account as may be reasonably practicable of the several articles or portions of property destroyed or damaged and of the amount
 of destruction or damage thereto respectively having regard to their }{\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 value}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
 at the time of the destruction or damage together with details of any other Insurances on any property hereby insured.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The 
Insured shall also give to the Company all such proofs and information with respect to the claim as may reasonably be required together with (if demanded) a statutory declaration of the truth of the claim and of any matters connected therewith.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 No claim under the Policy shall be payable unless the terms of this condition have been complied with.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Clause 7}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  of the policy provided

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
If the claim be in respect of fraudulent or if any fraudulent means or devices be used by the Insured or anyone acting on his beh
alf to obtain any benefit under this Policy or if any destruction or damage be occasioned by the wilful act or with the connivance of the Insured, all benefit under this Policy shall be forfeited.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The policies (exhibit P1) issued herein were \lquote }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 indemnity\rquote  policies}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  and the maximum liability of the defendant under the policies are the sum insured. [}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Roumeli Food Stores (NSW) Pty Ltd v The New India Assurance Co. Ltd }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 (1972) 1 NSWLR 227 at 237, }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Leppard v Excess Insurance Co. Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  (1979) 2 All E.R. 668].
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 On the subject of indemnity the following quotation from the judgment of}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  Megaw L.J.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Leppard}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  (supra) at 673 is apt:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Ever since the decision of this Court in }{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 CASTELLAIN v PRESTON}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 , (1883 11 QBD 380)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 the general principle has been beyond dispute.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Indeed, I think i
t was beyond dispute long before }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 CASTELLAIN v PRESTON}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 .}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The insured may recover his actual loss, subject, of course, to any provision in the policy as to the maximum amount recoverable.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The insured may not recover more than his actual loss.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7567918 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 As it was put by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Brett L.J}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  in }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 CASTELLAIN v PRESTON}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 :
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
In order to give my opinion upon this case, I feel obliged to revert to the very foundation of every rule which has been promulgated and acted on by the Courts with regard to insurance law.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The very foundation in my opinion, of every rule which has been applied to insurance law is this, namely that the contract of insurance contained in a marine or fire policy is a }{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 contract of indemnity}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 , and of indemnity only, and that this contract means that the assured, because of
 a loss against which the policy has been made, shall be fully indemnified but shall never be more than fully indemnified.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
That is the fundamental principle of insurance, and if ever a proposition is brought forward which is at variance with it, that is to say which either will prevent the assured from obtaining a full}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14319047  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 indemnity, or which will give to the assured more than a full indemnity, that proposition must certainly be wrong.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 (emphasis added)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The amount payable must be the amount of the plaintiff\rquote s loss.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The amount of an insured\rquote 
s loss is not necessarily measured by reference to the cost of replacement or repair of the property destroyed or damaged and may be measured in other ways.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 In the case of chattels, the measure may be the cost of the chatt
el destroyed, its market value, its value to the owner as part of a going concern, or the cost of repair of the damage ....}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  [}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Vintix Pty Ltd v Lumley General Insurance Ltd, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 (1992) 24 NSW LR 627 at 633, }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Giles J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 ].}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The policy states:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 In consideration of the 
insured, the company will pay to the insured the value of the property at the time of the happening of its destruction or the amount of such damage or at its option re-instate or replace such property or any part thereof.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Provided that the liability of th
e company shall in no case exceed in respect of each item the sum expressed in the schedule to be insured thereon or in the whole the total sum insured thereby.....}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7818583 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818583 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Onus and standard of proof}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The onus is on the plaintiff to satisfy the Court as to the extent of the loss.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The defendant is alleging arson on the part of the plaintiff, his servants or agents.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The onus and standard of proof is on the defendant to prove the defence of arson.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 In }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Hornal v Neuberger Products Ltd}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  [1957] 1 Q,B. 247 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Denning L.J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  said at 258:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The more serious the allegation the higher the degree of probability that is required; but it need not, in a civil case, reach the very high standard required by the criminal law}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par On}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  standard of proof}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  I refer also to the following passage from the judgment of the Full court in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Sheldon v Sun}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Alliance Australia Limited}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  (1988-1990) 53 SASR at 133-134:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The standard of proof imposed on the respondent is proof on the balance of probabilities.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
In considering whether that standard has been met the court must, when a crime or quasi-criminal conduct is suggested, remember and take into account the gravity of the offence.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 There is no doubt about that.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
In my respectful opinion it has never been better stated than it was by Walters J in }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Lemmer v Bertram}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
 (1971) 2 SASR 397-400.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Walter J}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  said:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7567918 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
Before canvassing the evidence, I propose to deal with the burden which the plaintiff must accept in proving a claim in a case such as this, where the facts alleged involve an element of criminal or quasi-criminal conduct on the part of the defendant.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
Although conduct of such kind is really in direct issue on the proceedings, it seems to me that I am bound by authority to hold that the ordinary civil rule as to sufficiency of proof is the proper rule to apply namely,
 that the plaintiff must prove his case to my satisfaction on the balance of probabilities: cf }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 HELTON v ALLEN}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
 (1940) 63 CLR 691; }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 REJFEK v MCELROY}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  (1965) 112 CLR 517.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Nevertheless, the standard of proof required to tilt the scales in favour of the plaintiff }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 '}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 may vary according to the gravity of the fact to be proved}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 .}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 This matter was discussed by Dixon J (as he then was) in }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
BRIGINSHAW v BRINGINSHAW}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  (1938) 60 CLR 336 at 362, where the learned judge said:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7567918 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
But reasonable satisfaction is not a state of mind that is attained or established independently of the nature and consequence of the fact or facts to be proved.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The seriousness of an allegation made, the inherent unlikelihood of an occurrence of a given description, or the gravity of the consequences flowin
g from a particular finding are considerations which must}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
affect the answer to the question whether issue has been proved to the reasonable satisfaction of the tribunal.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 In determining the issues before me, I have been assisted by useful written submissions from both counsel.}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 I have also carefully scrutinized all the evidence adduced in this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The facts pertaining to the Plaintiff and his shop premises, and the circumstances surrounding the fire have already been outlined hereabove and I do not wish to reiterate them.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 However, in considering the issues I shall now deal with the salient features of the case to ascertain the cause of the fire.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 It is perfectly clear that
 there is no direct evidence as to who and how the fire was lit which caused damage to the plaintiff\rquote 
s Supermarket and Spare Parts. The defendant is relying on circumstantial evidence in regard to the setting of fire which it says points to the Plaintiff or his servants or agents. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par There is no doubt that the firemen found a }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 mosquito}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 coil
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  with candles to which match sticks were cello-taped together, which the defendant suggested to be the likely cause of the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The plaintiff\rquote s assertion that there was a }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 hole}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
 in the wall through which children were dropping matches and candles was not told by him to the Investigation Officer (DW7).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The DW7 said that the hole was so small that he could not get his}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 hand}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 through.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 I agree it would not be possible to put a mosq
uito coil through such a hole.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The plaintiff could not say}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 how the mosquito coil decorated in that manner came to be there.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
A lot was made of the coil by the counsel for the defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 On the evidence I am in grave doubts that it could by any stretch of im
agination be the cause.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The finding of the coil giving rise to the setting of fire could not be more than a suspicion on the plaintiff.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Even Mr. Rickman made his statement in this regard on an assumption.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 On a proper analysis of the evidence in this connection I am inclined to agree with Mr. Kohli\rquote s comments in his written submission which I have quoted hereabove.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 De
spite the constant hosing with water for 15 minutes when everything else around the coil was affected with water and became wet, how is it that the coil was undistrubed and was still dry.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Even if the coil was found where it was, it does not establish that it was the plaintiff who planted it there.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 It does not establish the guilt in the plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 told the Police and the insurance assessor that a likely cause of the fire was electrical fault.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 He said that in the past there was a small }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 electrical fault}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
 and there was a fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 There is no evidence of any report having been made on this or any evidence was adduced by him in this regard.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 A qualified electrician Bimal Chand (DW3), an Electrical Supervisor with}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 FEA, at the time in Savusavu found that there was no electrical fault.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
I am of the view that here the plaintiff thought merely that it was an electrical fault but it was found otherwise.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The finding in this regard by the electrician merely eliminated this as a possible cause.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 It does not establish guilt in the plaintiff.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 There were a number of instances in which the plaintiff\rquote 
s evidence was unsatisfactory and threw doubt on his truthfulness.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 These instances were about the keys to the premises.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 At first he said that the police took the keys from 
him but then later admitted that he kept them after the front door was closed and conceded that his earlier testimony that the Police took the keys was not correct.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Also it turned out that there was no looting and pilfering as alleged.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
He even hid the fact that there was salvage of the damaged goods but he admitted that he realized the sum of $1000 from the sale he conducted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 All these go his credibility but they do not go to the root of the matter to establish the cause of the fire looking at all the other evidence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
Although on these and some other matters I do not regard the plaintiff as a witness of truth but to use the words of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Robertson J}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Luscombe}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
 (supra) at page 19 the defendant still has to discharge its onus:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid15077168 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid15077168 
the fact that I do not accept the plaintiff\rquote s evidence does not mean that the defendant has discharged its onus.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid15077168  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid15077168 The defendant is still required to establish that the plaintiff lit the fire according to the standard of proof}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid15077168  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid15077168 to which I already referred.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid15077168 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid15077168 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The defendant through lengthy cross
-examination of the plaintiff attempted to show that because the plaintiff was in financial difficulties this could be one of the motives to set fire and claim for loss from the defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 No doubt there are certain unsatisfactory features in the plaintiff\rquote 
s evidence when he tried to paint a rosy picture of his financial position at the time of the fire but that was not what he made it out to be.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 However, like most businessman, I find that he had debts to pay and he had his ups and downs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 I find that on the evidence before me from the bank officers who testified the scale tips in his favour to show that he was not in that dire straits to force him to set fire as alleged.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 There was no actual or concrete action taken by any bank against him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The nature of evidence in regard to his financial situation is not such as to establish that this would have led the plaintiff to set fire to his own goods.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 On the evidence in regard to his financial position it can only be said that there is some evidence of a possible mot
ive if one accepts that the plaintiff\rquote s business had greatly deteriorated.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The Counsel for the defendant suggested that one of the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 motives}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  to set fire could have been to claim under the fire insurance policies.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 But then as stated by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Judge Robertson}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Luscombe v QBE Group (Investments) Limited }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
No. DC CIV-96-463 (1998) (District Court of South Australia) at page19:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid15077168 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid15077168 
The absence of a clear motive is not fatal to the defendant\rquote s case.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid15077168  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid15077168 In ot
her words the defendant does not need to establish a motive in order that the onus of proof is discharged.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid15077168  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid15077168 
At times there may be difficulties in identifying a specific motive.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid15077168 " }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid15077168 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 And as }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Tadgell JA}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  said in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Transport Industries Insurance Co. Ltd v Longmuir}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  (
1997) 1VR 125 at 136:-
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid15077168 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid15077168 
The operations of the mind being invisible and intangible, there may be motives, which no human being but the party can divine: Wills, Principles of Circumstantial Evidence 7th Edition (1937) page 65.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid15077168 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid15077168 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 onus of proof}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  as stated earlier rests on the defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The defendant asserts that the fire was lit by the plaintiff or his servants or agents.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
On the evidence before me I find that the defendant has not discharged the burden of proof that lay upon it to satisfy the court that the plaintiff had anything to do with the fire in his premises.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 A very high degree of proof is required in a case of this nature where arson is alleged.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The evidence must be clear and convincing but it is not the case here.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 I have already stated the law on this aspect hereabove.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
Further authorities on the subject talk of a higher degree of probability where, as in this case, there is allegation of a fraudulent claims.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 In }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Bater v Bater}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  [1950] 2 All E.R.458 at 459 }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Lord Denning }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 said:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 A civil court
, when considering a charge of fraud, will naturally require a higher degree of probability than that which it would require if considering whether negligence was established.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 If does not adopt so high a degree as a criminal court, even when it is consider
ing a charge of criminal nature, but still it does require a degree of probability which is commensurate with the occasion.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
Since the defendant is relying on circumstantial evidence in regard to the cause of fire it is important that one should bear in mind the law as to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 circumstantial evidence }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 which has been so succinctly put and is so apt by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 His honour Judge}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Robertson }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Luscombe }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 (supra) that I ought}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 to state it here.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 There at }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 pages 19-20}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  he said:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 In this case the defendant relies entirely upon circumstantial evidence to establish its case.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 
The defendant submits that, taking into account the gravity of the assertion it makes, on the whole of the evidence the conclusion can be drawn on the balance of probabilities that it was the plaintiff who lit the fire.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 Assistance may be gained in dealing 
with a case based upon circumstantial evidence from the observations of Tadgell JA in Transport Industries at page 141:-
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13439304 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 
As will be seen, I respectfully differ from the learned judge upon several of the individual conclusions of fact which he drew from the evidence and which he considered to preclude a finding that the respondent }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13439304\charrsid13439304 was responsible for the fire}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 
That aside, it should be said that, to assess the evidence in a case like this by reference to various individually-pleaded particulars, as though running through items on a check list, is apt to mislead.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 
The evidence is to be evaluated as a whole in order fairly to consider whether the party bearing the onus of proof has established what is ultimately sought to be proved.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 The object of the exercise of
 evaluation is to discover whether the evidence paints a picture reflecting real life, rather than to place a tick or a cross against paragraph after paragraph of torpid pleading.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 A true picture is to be derived from an accumulation of detail.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 The overall effect of the detailed picture can sometimes be best appreciated by standing back and viewing it}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 from a distance, making an informed, considered, qualitative appreciation of the whole.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 The overall effect of the detail is not necessarily the same as the sum
 total of the individual details: cf Hall (Inspector of Taxes) v Lorrimer [1992] 1 WLR 939 at 944 Sherpherd v R (1990) }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 170 CLR 573}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304  at 579-80.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 His Honour goes on to state at }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 p20}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 :
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 In a civil case like this, where there is no direct evidence of a fact that 
a party bearing the onus of proof seeks to prove, }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 
it is not possible to attain entire satisfaction as to the true state of affairs}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 
 Girlock (Sales) Pty Ltd v Hurrell (1982) }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 149 CLR 155}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304  at 169, per Mason J.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 In such a case, however, the law does not require proof to the }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 entire satisfaction}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304 "}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304  of the tribunal of fact.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 
A definition of the sufficiency of circumstantial evidence in a civil case to support proof by inference from the directly proved facts was given by the High Court in the unreported case of Brads
haw v McEwans Pty Ltd (27 April 1951) in a passage since repeatedly adopted: e.g. Luxton v Vines (1952) }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 85 CLR 352}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304  at 358; Holloway v McFeeters (1956) }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 94 CLR 470}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304  at 480-I: Jones v Dunkel at 304; Girlock\rquote s case, at 161 and 168.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 The relevant passage in Bradshaw\rquote  case is that is:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13439304 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 \lquote 
Of course as far as logical consistency goes many hypotheses may be put which the evidence does not exclude positively.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 But this is a civil and not a criminal case.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 
We are concerned with probabilities, not with possibilities.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 The di
fference between the criminal standard of proof in its application to circumstantial evidence and the civil is that in the former the facts must be such as to exclude reasonable hypotheses consistent with innocence, while in the latter }{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 you need only circumstances raising a more probable inference in favour of what is alleged}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 .}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 
In questions of this sort, where direct proof is not available, it is enough if the circumstances appearing in evidence give rise to a }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 reasonable and definite inference}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 : they must do m
ore than give rise to conflicting inferences of equal degrees or probability so that the choice between them is mere matter of conjecture; see per Lord Robson, Richard Evans & Co Ltd v Astley [1911] AC 674, at p.687].}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 But if circumstances are proved in whi
ch it is reasonable to find a balance of probabilities in favour of the conclusion sought then, though the conclusion may fall short of certainty, it is not to be regarded as a mere conjecture or surmise...}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 (emphasis added)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
On the authorities, I find that on the whole of the evidence the defendant has not established that the circumstantial evidence is such that the Court can come to no other conclusion but that the plaintiff, his servants or agents are guilty of setting fir
e to the goods.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7818583 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818583 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Loss Claim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The defendant has alleged that the plaintiff\rquote 
s claim is false and fraudulently made and hence his claim should be dismissed altogether under the terms of the fire insurance policies.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
In this regard the intent to defraud must be established (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Sampson v Gold Star Insurance Co. Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
 [1980] 2 NZLR 742 at 746-7 where }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Barker J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  said:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 
However, the statement in the claim form went beyond error or carelessness; it was a deliberate falsehood and struck at the good faith which is still at the heart of all insurance contracts}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543\charrsid13439304 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid13439304 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Here I am not satisfied on evidence that the statements regardi
ng the loss were made with a view to defrauding the defendant insurer nor has fraud been established to enable me to consider dismissing the claim altogether.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 One has to look at the whole of the circumstances under which the amount in the claim has been calculated.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par I have carefully analyzed the whole of the evidence in this regard.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
It is clear from the evidence that after the fire the plaintiff was not able to produce any relevant invoice books and books of account to prove his claim as most of his records were destroyed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 However, his accountant could have thrown some light on the plaintiff\rquote 
s business and the stock he carried had he been called; but he did not call him despite opportunity having been given to him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
He rested his case on his own evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 How
ever, since he lost his books and papers in the fire he had to rely entirely on some record which were not affected by fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
In these circumstances it is quite possible that the amount claimed by him is not entirely correct and could give rise to an exaggerated claim.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
In the absence of a proper basis for his calculation I am not satisfied entirely with the amount claimed and therefore I am not convinced that he }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14319047 is entitled to the full amount.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The insurance assessor }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Rickman}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  assessed the loss from whatever he saw and from information supplied to him by the plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The prices of items given by the plaintiff were retail whereas they should have been wholesale.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The plaintiff made the claim for }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
total loss}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  in the sum of $55,000.00, that is, for the entire stock he had before the fire as none of the items he says could be sold due to either water or smoke damage.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 However, the plaintiff also gave police a different amount in his written statement of 7 January 1994 thus:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The value of stock in Mini Supermarket o
f $2004.33.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14319047\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Total value of stock damaged by water in the spare parts section $9,380.61.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Total value of spare parts and accessories damage by fire 25,173.43}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14319047\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Total spare parts not damaged is valued at $2521.35.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14319047\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The above figures were arrived at after each item was checked and record made by policman Kush Ram.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14319047\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The value recorded are }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
retail price}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 All the above makes the total loss at $36,558.37 (made up of $2004.33 + $9380.61 + $25,173.43}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2228581\charrsid9336543 ). }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Mr. Kohli submitted 
that the stock count after fire would not reflect value of items that would be completely destroyed by fire and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14319047 therefore could not be counted.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14319047 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
In his writ of summons the plaintiff claims the sum of $55,000 being for both the supermarket and spare parts loss.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 claim lodged with the defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  is as follows (as per exhibit }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 D7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 ):
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts18\trgaph108\trleft630\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind738\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2070\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2520\clshdrawnil \cellx5220
\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid6362637\yts18 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10579354\charrsid10579354 Parts\cell }\pard 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid9522892\yts18 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10579354\charrsid10579354 $55,400.98\cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10579354\charrsid10579354 \trowd \irow0\irowband0
\ts18\trgaph108\trleft630\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind738\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2070\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2520\clshdrawnil \cellx5220
\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid6362637\yts18 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10579354\charrsid10579354 Mini Supermarket\cell 
$ 4,095.30\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10579354\charrsid10579354 
\trowd \irow1\irowband1\ts18\trgaph108\trleft630\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind738\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2070\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2520\clshdrawnil \cellx5220
\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid6362637\yts18 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10579354\charrsid10579354 \cell \cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10579354\charrsid10579354 \trowd \irow2\irowband2
\ts18\trgaph108\trleft630\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind738\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2070\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2520\clshdrawnil \cellx5220
\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid6362637\yts18 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10579354\charrsid10579354 Total\cell $59,496.28\cell 
}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10579354\charrsid10579354 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\lastrow 
\ts18\trgaph108\trleft630\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind738\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2070\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2520\clshdrawnil \cellx5220
\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid10579354 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10579354 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 insurance assessor\rquote s evidence
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  on loss is also reflected in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 exhibit D7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  thus:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts18\trgaph108\trleft630\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind738\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3508\clshdrawnil \cellx4140\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3888\clshdrawnil \cellx8028\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7147743\yts18 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 Total parts Stock at Retail\cell $30,044.40\cell 
}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 \trowd \irow0\irowband0
\ts18\trgaph108\trleft630\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind738\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3508\clshdrawnil \cellx4140\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3888\clshdrawnil \cellx8028\row 
}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7147743\yts18 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 Plus 15% Error\cell 4,506.66\cell 
}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 \trowd \irow1\irowband1
\ts18\trgaph108\trleft630\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind738\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3508\clshdrawnil \cellx4140\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3888\clshdrawnil \cellx8028\row 
}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7147743\yts18 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 \cell }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 $34,550.70}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ts18\trgaph108\trleft630\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind738\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3508\clshdrawnil \cellx4140\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3888\clshdrawnil \cellx8028\row 
}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7147743\yts18 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 Estimate of Mini Supermarket\cell 
$ 2,600.00}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\ts18\trgaph108\trleft630\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind738\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3508\clshdrawnil \cellx4140\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3888\clshdrawnil \cellx8028\row 
}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7147743\yts18 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961 TOTAL STOCK }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 \cell $37,150.70}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 \trowd \irow4\irowband4\ts18\trgaph108\trleft630\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind738\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3508\clshdrawnil \cellx4140\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3888\clshdrawnil \cellx8028\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7147743\yts18 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961 Parts Loss Retail 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid8874961\yts18 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 $18,428.68}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7147743\yts18 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 \cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 \trowd \irow5\irowband5
\ts18\trgaph108\trleft630\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind738\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3508\clshdrawnil \cellx4140\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3888\clshdrawnil \cellx8028\row 
}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7147743\yts18 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961 Mini Market Loss }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 \cell $ 1,750.00\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 \trowd \irow6\irowband6\ts18\trgaph108\trleft630\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind738\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 
\clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3508\clshdrawnil \cellx4140\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3888\clshdrawnil \cellx8028\row 
}\trowd \irow7\irowband7\lastrow \ts18\trgaph108\trleft630\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind738\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3510\clshdrawnil \cellx4140\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3888\clshdrawnil \cellx8028
\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid8874961\yts18 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 TOTAL LOSS RETAIL}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961 \cell }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961\charrsid8874961 $20,178.68}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961 \cell }\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8874961 \trowd \irow7\irowband7\lastrow \ts18\trgaph108\trleft630\trbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind738\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3510\clshdrawnil \cellx4140\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3888\clshdrawnil \cellx8028
\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8874961 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4789495 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 In the light of the evidence before me and the documentary evidence including statement to police on 7 January 1994 by the plaintiff in relation to the}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 loss, I have to ascertain the value of the loss.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par Conflicting loss figures have been given by the Plaintiff and they are retail prices.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 In his statement of 7 January he said that his \lquote 
stock in mini supermarket\rquote  was $2004.33; that the \lquote total value of stock damaged by water in the spare parts section\rquote  was $9,380.61}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 ;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543  that the \lquote total value of spare parts and accessories damaged by fire\rquote  was $25,173.43.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 This makes the total loss in spare parts the sum of $34,554.04.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
This figure was arrived at in the presence of the police officers.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Although Rickman has given a 
different figure on 28 January 1994 when he did the assessment on 24 January I prefer to accept the figure of $34,554.04 as loss at retail price and this figure was arrived at in the presence of the police.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 However, the price should have been at wholesale price to get the correct value of the loss in this type of case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 So that after allowing 25% reduction on $34,554.04 it comes to $25,915 which is the same percentage rate that Rickman allowed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 In this type of industry profit margins on spare parts etc. are quite high.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The plaintiff has also accepted that the prices should have been at wholesale price.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The claim of $55,000 in the writ is I would say an exaggerated claim.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10832853 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Now, as to loss in the Mini Market the plaintiff has himself stated in his said statemen
t of 7 January that a \lquote total value of stock in Mini Supermarket\rquote  was $2004.33.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
However, Rickman has given his estimate of the loss in his report as the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 \lquote true net loss in the Mini Market at no more than $1750.00'.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 I accept this figure of $1750.00. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10832853 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Now, as for defendant\rquote s Counterclaim, the agreed figure is $}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7305364\charrsid9336543 1240.38. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 But because the plaintiff has succeeded in his claim the counterclaim will be dismissed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10832853 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 There was a sale of damaged articles which realized the sum of $1000 and this amount is still with the
 plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 This has to be deducted from the amount of the loss that I have estimated.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10832853 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
In the outcome, the total sum I would award for the loss claimed, based on my above findings and estimation is }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 $26,665.00 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
made up of $25,915 for spare parts loss and $1750 for mini market loss making a total sum of $27,665 and deducting therefrom the said sum of $1000 being the proceeds from the sale of damaged parts.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7818583 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818583 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Conclusion}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10832853 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 To conclude, after evaluating the evidence as a whole I have reached the conclusion on the 
balance of probabilities, for the reasons given above and bearing in mind the gravity of the assertion made by the defendant, that the defendant has not discharged the onus of proof that lay upon it that the fire was lit by either the plaintiff or his ser
vants or agents as a result whereof loss resulted to the plaintiff\rquote s goods in the fire.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10832853 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
The answers to the said issues in this case therefore are that (1) the plaintiff had lawful claim to the losses suffered, (2) there has not been a breach of any conditi
on of the policies by the plaintiff as alleged by the defendant and (3) the plaintiff is entitled to be indemnified for the losses suffered although not in the full amount claimed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10832853 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Accordingly the plaintiff succeeds partially on his claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 There will therefore be judgment for the plaintiff in the sum of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 $26,665.00}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 The defendant\rquote s counter-claim is dismissed.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336543  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 In the circumstances of this case I order that each party bear his or its own costs.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10832853 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 D. Pathik
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid9336543 Judge}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9336543 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832853\charrsid10832853 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1781860\charrsid10832853 At Suva
\par 30 June 2000
\par }}