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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af29\hich\af0\dbch\af0\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 SUVA CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.080 OF 1999}{
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\par (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 Navua Mag. Ct. Crim. Case No. 140/98)
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 JOSAIA NALASEWA }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid10621788 alias 
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 JOSAIA ROBA NALA}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008 And}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 THE STATE
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 Respondent
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\par Mr M Raza for the Appellant.
\par Ms A. Prasad for State
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 This is an appeal against conviction and sentence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 On 15 April 1999 in Navua Magistrate=s Court Crim. Case No. 140/98, the appellant was aft
er trial convicted of the offence of defilement of a girl between the age of 13 years and 16 years of age contrary to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 Section 156(1)(a)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008  of the Penal Code and sentenced to imprisonment for 4 years.
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 The particulars of offence are that between 1 December 199
7 and 31 December 1997 at Navua in the Central Division the appellant had unlawful carnal knowledge of VIKALI MARAMA, a girl of or above the age of 13 years and under the age of 16 years.
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 The grounds of appeal are as follows:-
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\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\cs18\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 1.\tab }{\b\loch\af0\insrsid1659866\charrsid10621788 THAT}{
\loch\af0\insrsid1659866\charrsid7759264  the Learned Magistrate erred in Law and in Fact in convicting the Accused.
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\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\b\loch\af0\insrsid1659866\charrsid7759264 2.\tab THAT}{\loch\af0\insrsid1659866\charrsid7759264 
 the Solicitors for the Appellant had written to the DPO, Suva and a copy to the Magistrate\rquote s Court informing them that the Appellant\rquote s Solicitor, Mr Mehboob Raza of Mehboob Raza & Associates 
would be engaged in a Manslaughter case before Justice Sadal and accordingly 
\par sought an adjournment.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\loch\af0\insrsid1659866\charrsid7759264 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\b\loch\af0\insrsid1659866\charrsid7759264 3.\tab THAT}{\loch\af0\insrsid1659866\charrsid7759264 
 in fact the Learned Chief Magistrate proceeded to hear the case, which was contrary to CPC and the Constitution, and found the Appellant guilty and sentenced him on the same date.
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\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\b\loch\af0\insrsid1659866\charrsid7759264 4.\tab THAT}{\loch\af0\insrsid1659866\charrsid7759264  the Appellant appeals against the sentence which was harsh and exc
essive having regards to all circumstances of the case.
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\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\b\loch\af0\insrsid1659866\charrsid7759264 5.\tab THAT}{\loch\af0\insrsid1659866\charrsid7759264 
 the appellant reserves the right to file further grounds of appeal subject to receiving the court record.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 The only ground to which it is necessary to refer being ground 1.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 As for ground 2 a 
lot has been said about the alleged letter written by Mr Raza to the Divisional Prosecuting Officer (DPO) seeking consent to adjournment as he is in High Court in a murder case but the receipt of the letter is denied.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 Be that as it may, the appellant was u
nrepresented in the lower court as the record does not show that he ever instructed counsel to appear for him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 On the day of the hearing the appellant did not tell the learned magistrate that he has counsel and that he would like an adjournment.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 The learned magistrate as is the procedure proceeded to hearing.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 The case is a Navua case and it was heard there but transferred to Suva Magistrate\rquote 
s Court for sentencing the next day and not the same date as stated in ground 3.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 This is a case of an unrepresented accused.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 Section 156(1)(a)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
 under which the accused is charged requires the magistrate to draw the accused\rquote s attention of the proviso to the said section at the trial when the plea is taken.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 This was not done at all.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 The s
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unlawfully and carnally knows or attempts to have unlawful carnal knowledge of any girl being of or above the age of thirteen years and under the age of sixteen years; or
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 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 188 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 188 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 188 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst 
SYMBOL 188 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 188 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 188 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 188 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f3\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 188 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 188 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 188 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 188 \\f 
"Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 188 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 188 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 188 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 188 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 188 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 188 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 188 \\f "Symbol"
 \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}}{\b\loch\af0\insrsid1659866\charrsid7759264 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\b\loch\af0\insrsid1659866\charrsid7759264 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\b\loch\af0\insrsid1659866\charrsid7759264 is guilty of a misdemeanor, and is liable to imprisonment for 5 years, with or without corporal punishment:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
Provided that it shall be a sufficient defence to any charge under paragraph (a) if it shall be made to appear to the court before whom the charge shall be brought that the person so charged h
ad reasonable cause to believe and did in fact believe that the girl was of or above the age of sixteen years.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6248043 {\cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 2.}{\b\loch\af0\insrsid1659866\charrsid7759264 \tab ....
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6248043 {\b\loch\af0\insrsid7759264\charrsid7759264 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6248043 {\b\loch\af0\insrsid1659866\charrsid7759264 3.\tab ....@
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
Although the appellant did not raise the defence that he believed the girl to be 16 years of age, he did in answer to the question in his police Interview (Exhibit 3): AQ19 Do you know how old is Vika now?\'94 replied AA.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 I know that she\rquote s 17 yrs@.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid7759264\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 This question was asked on 2 June 1998.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
It should be noted that at the time of the alleged offence the girl was 15 years 11 months 7 days (short of 24 days to 16 years) having been born on 24 January 1982.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid7759264 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 On the interpretation of the proviso to the said section, it is pertinent to note what }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 Grant C.J.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008  had to say in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 Sat Deo Shiri Wasto s/o Chandar Deo and Reginam}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008  (Crim. App. No. 1/77).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 He said:- 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
It is quite clear from this wording that an accused does not have to be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that the girl is of or above the age of sixteen; it is only necessary for him to believe it on reasonable grounds.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
Moreover, it is not incumbent upon an accused to satisfy the court beyond reasonable doubt that he had reasonable cause to believe and did in fa
ct believe that the girl was of or above the age of sixteen; nor does he have to satisfy the court on the balance of probabilities.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 The use of the word \'93defence\'94 in the proviso does not connote any shifting of the burden of proof.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 The proviso refers to no 
more than an evidential burden so that, for an accused to fall within the exception created by the proviso, there need only be some evidence, adduced either by the prosecution or by the defence, sufficient to raise a reasonable doubt.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 Failure to comply wi
th the putting of the proviso to an accused has led to conviction being quashed and sentence set aside }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 [Grant C.J.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008  in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 AKUILA KUBOUTAWA}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
 (Labasa Crim. App. No. 2 of 1975); }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 THE STATE v SEREMAIA AMATO}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 & 5 ORS}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008  (Lab. Crim. App. No. 2/95 - delivered 10.2.95, Pathik J), }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 MIKAELE BARI v R}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008  (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
Lab. Crim. App. 11/75 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 Grant CJ)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
Further, in regard to the proviso I refer to the following passage, which should not be overlooked by Magistrates, from the judgment of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 GRANT CJ}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008  in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 AKUILA}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008  (supra):
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
A....that in the case of an unrepresented accused any statutory defence should be brought to his attention.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 For instance, in a charge of this nature (viz defilement), the accused should be informed that he is charged with unlawful carna
l knowledge of a particular girl of a specific age and that he had no reasonable cause to believe that she was of or above the age of sixteen years; and the record should disclose that the charge was explained accordingly.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 There is another unsatisfactory 
feature of this case about which the learned counsel for the appellant also complains.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
It is this, that no Medical report was tendered in evidence for court\rquote s consideration.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
Why the purported report was not accepted is explained thus by the learned Magistrate in his judgment (page 19 of the Record): \'93}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
The Medical Report submitted by the prosecution cannot be used because there was no evidence presented to show that the report was served on the accused 10 days before the trial\'94.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 (vide the observation of Surman J in }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 SENTIKI VOLAVOU etc v THE STATE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008  Crim. App. No. 067/98, Suva High Court).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
On the insufficiency of evidence due to medical report not being put before the court as an exhibit the following paragraph from the judgment of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 GRANT CJ}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008  in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 PECELI VIRIKI and REGINAM }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
(Crim. App. 79/72) is apt and worth bearing in mind in the determination of an essential ingredient in a defilement case: - 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 It would appear that neither a birth certificate nor a medical certificate was tendered.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 It is an undesirable practice to 
accept as established by a plea of guilty facts which constitute an essential ingredient of the charge of which an accused may have no personal knowledge, such as the precise age of the girl in question, and for this reason a birth certificate or satisfac
tory proof of the girl\rquote s age should be furnished.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
A medical certificate is desirable, not only to establish that sexual intercourse did in fact take place, but for the purpose of sentence it may well be relevant whether the girl in question was previously a virgin or was sexually experienced}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 There are certain cases in which decisions turn of medical reports and analyst\rquote s reports.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 Magistrate\rquote 
s should ensure that these are tendered to Court to prevent the likelihood of convictions being set aside in the absence of these reports.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 On this point I refer to the following passage from the judgment of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 GRANT J}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008  (as he then was) in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 Barry Jennions v Reginam}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008  (18 F.L.R 61 at 63) which is apt:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 Finally, it is an undesirable practice to accept as established by a plea of g
uilty facts of which an accused may have no personal knowledge.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
In this case the accused pleaded guilty to possession of Indian hemp, but the question of whether or not the substance in question was Indian hemp turns on expert evidence.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 It is for this reas
on that in cases of this nature the substance is sent for examination by a properly qualified analyst and, while it is clear from the record that this was done in this case and that the facts put before the Court were based on an analysis, the analyst
\rquote s reports was not produced to the Court.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
In any future cases of this nature Magistrates should ensure that analysts\rquote  reports are tendered and that accused persons are informed of their contents.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
The same procedure should be followed in analogous cases, such as those which turn on medical evidence (e.g. assaults occasioning actual bodily harm or grievous harm) requiring medical reports to be tendered and communicated to the accused.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 In the outcome
, inter alia, for not having brought to the attention of the appellant the proviso to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9649242\charrsid8722008 s156 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 1}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9649242\charrsid8722008 ) (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 a) it is fatal to the appellant\rquote s conviction which is therefore quashed and the sentence set aside.
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 The appellant is set free forthwith.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 There will be an order for }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
re-trial}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008  after a fresh plea is taken.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8722008\charrsid8722008  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 The appellant is released on bail in his own recognizance of $200.00 with one surety of like amount to appear at the Navua Magistrate\rquote s Court on 19th January 2000 at 9.15a.m.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 The appeal is allowed to the above extent.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7759264 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 D. Pathik
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8722008 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid7759264 At Suva
\par 28 December 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1659866\charrsid8722008 
\par }}