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\f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par CIVIL ACTION NO. 401 OF 1993
\par 
\par Between:
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 ZAIBUN NISHA}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 as executrix and Trustee of}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 ISMAIL DEAN}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 f/n Hafiz Ud Dean}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 deceased
\par Plaintiff
\par 
\par and
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 1. }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 SAMUT ALI & SONS LIMITED
\par 2.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 NAREND }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 f/n Raghwan
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 3.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 QUEENSLAND INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Defendants
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par Mr. V. Maharaj for the Plaintiff
\par Mr. R. Krishna for the Defendant
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4252\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 JUDGMENT
\par (on Assessment of Damages)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par The matter before me is for assessment of damages further to judgment delivered by me herein on 15 January 1997 when I entered judgment in favour of the plaintiff as follows (pages 15-16 of the judgment): 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
"there will therefore be judgment against the first and second defendants for damages suffered by the Plaintiff which is to be assessed unless agreed with costs against them to be taxed if not agreed.}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
As far as the third defendant is concerned since it is a nominal defendant and is liable to satisfy a judgment under the said section 11 I do not propose in the circumstances of this case to enter judgment against it but
 leave to it to comply with section 11 in so far as it is applicable to it with liberty reserved to it to apply to Court generally with no order as to costs against it."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 {\*\bkmkstart QuickMark}{\*\bkmkend QuickMark}
\par The defendants (1st and 2nd defendants) appealed to Court of Appeal against the finding on the issue of liability which was heard on 19 May 1998 and was dismissed with costs on 29 May 1998.
\par 
\par The hearing of assessment of damages commenced on 4 August 1998 and concluded on 11 August 1998 after the court granted leave to the Plaintiff to Amend her Statement of Claim by adding }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}
{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 paragraph (D)' as a further and/or}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
alternative ground on which the Plaintiff based her claim on behalf of the Estate of the deceased pursuant to }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Law}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions Death and Interest) Act Cap.27}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  and for the benefit of the deceased under the }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Compensation to Relatives Act Cap.29}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par 
\par Background facts}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par 
\par This action commenced on 8 March 1994 and the trial}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 began on 16 October 1995.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The Plaintiff }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 ISMAIL DEAN }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (now deceased - the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 "deceased"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 ) testified on the issue 
of liability and a substantial amount of evidence was adduced on the issue of damages when it was finally agreed by both counsel that issue of liability be determined first.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 That was done, but the defendants, as stated above, appealed to Court of Appeal.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The appeal was dismissed.
\par 
\par The deceased Ismail Dean died on 20 March 1996 before the trial concluded and his widow }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 ZAIBUN NISHA}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
 was substituted as Plaintiff pursuant to leave granted by this Court on 25 March 1996.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
She continued the proceedings as the sole Executrix and Trustee of the Estate of Ismail Dean the deceased.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
Probate was granted her on 15 May 1996.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
Hence she could maintain and claim damages from the defendants for the injuries suffered by the deceased which would have been payable to him had he been alive.
\par 
\par This damages action arose out of personal injuries suffered by the deceased as a result of an accident in which he was hit by motor vehicle Reg. No. A1774}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 owned by the first defendant and driven by the second defendant as agent of the first defendant on 15 October 1991.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
The third defendant was joined as a party (nominal defendant) to this action as it had issued a Third Party Policy of insurance in the name of the first defendant pursuant to the provisions of Motor Vehicle (Third Party Insurance) Act Cap.177.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Consideration of the claim for damages }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par 
\par I have before me helpful written submissions from both counsel in this matter.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
I shall now deal with the damages claims under the various heads.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 About the Plaintiff/Applicant}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par 
\par At the time of the accident the applicant was about 55 years old and at death about 59 years.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
He claimed to be a very religious man and since the accident because of the injury to his knee he was unable to kneel down and pray and had to sit in the chair to do so.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 He was a businessman as well and ran a number of businesses. 
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Plaintiff's injuries and medical history}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par 
\par On the nature of the injuries received by the Plaintiff, evidence was given by Dr. }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 JOELI MAREKO}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
 (p.77-83 of the Record, prepared for Appeal to Fiji Court of Appeal), who among others, treated the deceased after his admission to Lautoka Hospital on 16 October 1991.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 According to Medical Report dated 28 April 1993 (exhibit 3 p.135 of Record) the deceased on }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 presentation' }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 on 16 October 1991 (day after the accident) it was found }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 his right leg was deformed and open wound was bleeding with decrease motion of the Right Leg'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The x-rays revealed }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 fracture Tibia, Fibula, Comminuted and open on the Right side with extensive soft tissue injury.'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Further in the Report it is stated that he was given surgical treatment under }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 general anaesthetic'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 , }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 'wound debrid}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 ement was done'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  and }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 long leg cast'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 .}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Ten weeks after admission i.e. on 25 October 1991 he was discharged and }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 was continually reviewed in clinic'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 .
\par 
\par Dr. Joeli testified that when he examined the plaintiff the patient was }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 conscious' and because of }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 injury to right lower limb, external bleeding in right, lower limb - between the right knee'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  x-rays were taken on 16.10.91 which showed}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 multiple broken pieces; subsequent x-rays 18.10.91 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 falling in line - we manipulated it - improved alignment ....; given antibiotics - intravenous antibiotics that treats the injection in open wound.}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Later followed by oral antibiotic - he was still in plaster when discharged - using crutches'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 .
\par 
\par The doctor said that after discharge there was a regular follow up until June 1993.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
The Plaintiff still complained of pain at the fracture site.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The present condition is }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 shortening of leg (right) by 3 cm; leg tilted inwards - various angulation of right leg - have to}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
undergo major surgery overseas to straighten up - other leg will have to bear the burden - will walk with abnormal pain because of shortening pain at fracture site.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Painful right knee'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 .
\par 
\par Further in his evidence the doctor stated that on 22 June 1995 he prepared a Report (exhibit 4 p.137 of Record) which says:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 "At present he suffers from 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (1)\tab Shortening of the (R) lower limb by 3cm
\par 
\par (2)\tab Varus angulation of the (R) leg
\par 
\par (3)\tab Deformity of the (R) leg at the fracture site
\par 
\par (4)\tab Developing progressive osteoarthritis of the (R) leg.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par With all this problem he will have pain in the fracture site and the (R) knee.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 He will be unable to lift heavy load.}
{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 He suffers from a permanent disability - 15%."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par The doctor said that the plaintiff told him that he}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 suffered from stroke and in June 1995 he was }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 recuperating'.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 In cross-examination the doctor said that }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
as age progressed chances of osteoarthritis increases.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 He said that }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 osteoarthritis comes with non-alignment of bone.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 
 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Heel raised is not very comfortable.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Because
 of deformed leg this will not help the plaintiff'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 .
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The law}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par 
\par In making awards which are fair and reasonable the Court does fall back on previous awards so that the figures arrived at are in proportion to awards in other cases of those who have suffered injuries of comparable severity.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Bristow J}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  in }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Lim Poh Choo v Camden and Islington Area Health Authority}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  (1979) Q.B. 196 at 201 C.A.).}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par In Australia, the authority on whether other judgments may be referred by way of comparison to the case at hand is }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Planet Fisheries Pty Ltd v La Rosa}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  (1968) 119 CLR 118.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
There the court said (at 124-125) as follows and this I bear in mind:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
"It is the relationship of the award to the injury in its consequences as established in the evidence in the case in question which is to be proportionate ...}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Whether it is so or not is a matter of judgment in the sound exercise of the sense of proportion.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 It is not a matter to be resolved by reference to some norm or standard supposedly to be derived from a consideration of amounts awarded in a number of other specific cases....}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The principle to be followed in assessing damages is, in our opinion, not in doubt.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
It is that the amount of damages must be fair and reasonable compensation for the injuries received and the disabilities caused.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 It
 is to be proportionate to the situation of the claimant party and not to the situation of other parties in other actions, even if some similarity between the situations may be supposed to be seen.... The judgment of a court awarding damages is not to be 
overborne by what other minds have judged right and proper for other situations.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
It may be granted that a judge who is making an assessment will be aware of and give weight to current general ideas of fairness and moderation.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 But this general awareness is quite a different thing from what we were invited by Planet's counsel to act upon in this case.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
The awareness must be a product of general experience and not formed ad hoc by a process of considering particular cases and endeavouring, necessarily unsuccessf
ully, to allow for differences between the circumstances of those cases and the circumstances of the case in hand."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par Assessing damages for non-pecuniary loss is fraught with difficulties.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 This problem has been stated by }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Earl of Halsbury LC}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  in }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The Mediana}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  (1900) AC at 116 thus:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
"You very often cannot even lay down any principle upon which you can give damages.....}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
Take the most familiar and ordinary cases: how is anybody to measure pain and suffering in moneys counted?}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
Nobody can suggest that you can by any arithmetical calculation establish what is the exact sum of money which would represent such a thing as the pain and suffering which a person has undergone by reason of an accident.....}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 But nevertheless the law recognises that as a topic upon which damages may be given"}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par The injured person is entitled to compensation and the Court does its best and this process is described by }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Megaw LJ}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  in }
{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Fuhri v Jones}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  (1979) C.A. unreported) in the manner following:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 "It will be appreciated, of course, though it is not al
ways fully understood by persons who are not directly concerned with the law, that the law cannot attempt to attribute any particular figure of damages to any particular physical injury, serious or trivial.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 There is no way in which it can be said that such-and-such an injury is worth so much in terms of money.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Indeed, in most cases for most injuries, anybody would say }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 I would rather have avoided this injury than have any amount of money whatever in compensation'.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 But }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 the court has to do the best it can}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  by 
way of what are really conventional figures in relation to injuries, the court assessing, of course, on the individual facts of the case, what is sometimes called the tariff, making adjustments for particular facts of the particular case."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (emphasis added)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par In any assessment in a personal injury case and in particular when large sums are likely to be awarded it is important to bear in mind the following passage from the judgment of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
Lord Denning M.R.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  in }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Lim Poh Choo (supra) }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
at 215 which was a case of severe brain injuries:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
"In considering damages in personal injury cases, it is often said the defendants are wrongdoers.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
So make them pay up in full.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 They do not deserve any consideration.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 That is a tendentious way of putting the case.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The accident, like this one, may have been due to a pardonable error such as may befall any one of us.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
I stress this so as to remove the misapprehension - so often repeated - that the plaintiff is entitled to be fully compensated for all the loss and detriment she has suffered.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 That is not the law.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
She is only entitled to what is, in all the circumstances, a fair compensation - fair both to her and to the defendants.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The defendants are not wrongdoers.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
They are simply the people who have to foot the bill.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 They are, as the lawyers say, only vicariously liable.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 In this case it is in the long run the taxpayers who have to pay.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 It is worth recording the wise words of Parke B. over a century ago:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
"Scarcely any sum could compensate a labouring man for the loss of a limb, yet you don't in s
uch a case give him enough to maintain him for life... you are not to consider the value of his existence as if you were bargaining with an annuity office... I therefore advise you to take a reasonable view of the case and give what you consider a fair co
mpensation":}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 see }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
Armsworth v. South-Eastern Railway Co.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (1847) 11 Jurist 758, 760, quoted in }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Rowley v. London and North Western Railway Co.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  (1873) L.R. 8 Ex. 221, 230.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Consideration of heads of damages}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par 
\par The Plaintiff claims damages arising out of the accident herein.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
I have already outlined hereabove the deceased's condition medically before he died.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
In the Writ of Summons there is a claim for }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 general damages}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  and }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 special damages}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 There is also a damages claim in respect of the deceased's }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 private motor vehicle}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  registration No. AN967 which was damaged in the said accident.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 There is also a claim for }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 interest'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  and }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 costs}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 .
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (A)\tab General damages
\par 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Under the head of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 General Damages}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
 the plaintiff claims as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (i)\tab pain and suffering and loss of amenities of life
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4668433 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (ii)\tab loss of prospective earnings in the future
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (i)\tab Pain and suffering and loss of amenities
\par 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The Plaintiff is entitled to damages for pain and suffering.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 As stated in }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Kemp & Kemp}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  (Vol.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668433  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 1 p.2-007-2-010):
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 "...the court must take into account, in making 
its assessment in the case of any particular plaintiff, the pain which he actually suffered and will suffer and the suffering which he has undergone and will undergo.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Pain and suffering are not measurable by any absolute standard and it is not easy, if ind
eed possible other than in the most general way, to compare the degree of pain and suffering experienced by different people, however, the individual circumstances of particular plaintiffs clearly have a significant effect upon the assessment of damages".
}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par As already stated at the time of the accident (15.10.91) the deceased was 55 years of age and he died 4 years 3 months later (20.3.96) at the age of 59 years.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 I have already outlined hereabove the pain and suffering he went through and what his medical condition was at the time of his death.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
There is no doubt that the cause of death is totally unconnected with the injuries suffered by the deceased at the time of the accident.
\par 
\par As for loss of amenities, damages under this head will compensate the deceased when he was alive for loss of enjoyment resulting from the accident, namely, when he can no longer do the things he was accustomed to doing.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 "Damages within this category are included loss of any of the five senses, loss of sex drive, damage to the Plaintif
f's marriage prospects, loss of enjoyment of hobbies, employment and, indeed loss of any facet of life.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
The court will take into account how long the Plaintiff will be deprived of these amenities; if it is for the rest of his life the amount of damages will be awarded in proportion to the plaintiff's age and life expectancy.}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 However, age is not necessarily the determinative factor..."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (Book on }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Medical Negligence}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 by }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 M. Khan and Michelle Robson}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  1997 p.204-205).
\par 
\par Mr. Maharaj referred the Court to a number of cases of awards such as }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Anitra Singh v Rentokil Laboratories}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 73/93 FCA where plaintiff had suffered very serious injuries.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 He sustained broken jaw, fracture of right elbow which fused at an angle, fracture of right tibia and fibula, angulation and shortening of the right leg.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Here $25,000 was increased to $60,000 on Appeal; }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
FSC & Anor v Subarmani & Ors}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  114/91 FCA where $37,500 was awarded for the total loss of one eye and upheld on Appeal; }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
and Kylie Jane Anderson v Iowane Salaitoga}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  26/94 FCA where $85,000 da
mages for pain and suffering and loss of amenities for an Australian tourist who received severe injuries to her legs and other parts of the body was upheld on Appeal.
\par 
\par Mr. Krishna for the defendants referred the Court to the Court of Appeal case of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Loganandan Pillay v Subhas Chand and The New India Assurance Company Ltd}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  (Civ. App. No. 64/96, judgment 28.8.98) where the Court gave guidelines on general damages.
\par 
\par I have borne these guidelines in mind in assessing general damages in the case of the deceased herein and it would be apt to set them out for ease of reference.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 At}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 page 13 of the judgment in }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Lognandan }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (supra) it is stated that the Court must }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
"have regard as far as possible to order awards for general damages in Fiji in order to preserve a measure of consistency as well as fairness"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 .}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The Court then referred to its judgment in }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
Attorney-General of Fiji and Doctor Hubert Elliot v Paul Praveen Sharma}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  1994 F.C.A. at p.358 which stated:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 "The third ground of appeal concerns the level of the general damages a
warded in relation to the circumstances of the case and the previous decisions of the courts in Fiji.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
There is no doubt that in fixing the quantum of general damages a trial judge, having calculated the amounts which appear to be appropriate under the vari
ous heads of such damages, must then consider whether the total of those amounts is itself appropriate in all the circumstances of the case.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 In coming to a conclusion on that matter he should have regard to the need for consistency in the level of general damages awarded in similar cases.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
However, such similarity must include matters such as the pre-injury earning capacity or prospects of the injured person, not merely the nature of the injury.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 There may also be disparity in the degree of pain and suffering and the extent of the loss of the amenities of life.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Disparity in such matters justifies disparity in the quantum of general damages."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par The Court also goes on to state on this aspect by referring to its decision in }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Anitra Kumar Singh v Rentokil Laboratories Limited}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  1995 F.C.A. No. 73 where it said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
"We are mindful that in setting the figure it must be one appropriate for Fiji and the conditions which apply here.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The level of damages in our neighbouring countries is persuasive but not decisive to be otherw
ise, would require a very detailed and prolonged investigation of factors influencing awards in each of those countries.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4668433 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid4668433 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
We favour the global approach to general damages whilst not disregarding the checks and balances that may come from itemising each of the four conventional heads.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 This like the annuity tables approach to test the multiplier selected, is not more than that a check which may or may not help." }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par In considering this head of damages I have been guided by, apart from the cases to which Mr. Maharaj and Mr. Krishna referred me to, the two cases of Court of Appeal, namely, }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
Marika Lawanisavi and Isei Ravisivi, and Pesamino Kapieni }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (Civ. App. No. 49/98S) and }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
Marika Lawanisavi and Isei Ravisivi and Pradeep Raj f/n Shiu Raj}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  (Civ. App. No. 50/98S) which were delivered on 13 August 1999.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
These two cases also discuss the principles involved in assessing general damages stating, inter alia, in Pradeep Raj (supra) at p.4 that }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
"the Court should aim at a level which bears a reasonable proportion to awards involving leg injuries made in other cases, in the light of the relative severity of the injuries, and the pain and suffering, disabilities}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 and loss of amenities"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 .
\par 
\par Bearing in mind the principles and guidelines stated hereabove I would award the sum of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 $45,000}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
 for pain and suffering and loss of amenities in this case.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Special Damages}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par 
\par Under special damages the Plaintiff claims the sum of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 $125,000.00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  being made up of }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 $100,000.00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  for }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 pre-trial loss of income }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 for the period October 1991 (date of accident) to date of trial in October 1995 based on an average yearly net income of $25,000.00 for 4 years which would give a figure of $100,000.00.

\par 
\par Then there is the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 post-trial loss of income}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 .
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Mr. Maharaj says that the deceased could not run his business after the accident because his leg was in plaster and he was immobile.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 He said that the Bank called in its securities, consequently the deceased suffered losses.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The plaintiff is claiming the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 further sum}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 $25,000.00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
 for the post-trial loss of income up until his death on 20 March 1996.
\par 
\par For the defendants, Mr. Krishna submits that the Plaintiff is not entitled to the said sums or in any sum at all as }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 special damages}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  because it has not been specifically pleaded as it should have been.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 He referred the Court to a number of authorities on the subject of }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 special damages'.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
He says, however, that if the Court is of the view that the plaintiff is entitled to an award of special damages, then there is no or not sufficient evidence to enable the Court to quantify the amount of the loss.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Mr. Krishna further submits that the claim for }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
"loss of future earnings and economic loss and loss on sale of assets are claims not pleaded as special damages and therefore the Court ought to dismiss the claim.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 In any event these claims would be too remote.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
These awards would also constitute double or duplicate damages"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 .
\par 
\par In his written Reply to the defendants' written submission on the subject of }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 special damages',}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Mr. Maharaj refutes Mr. Krishna's arguments as to the need}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 to plead special damages specifically.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 He asserts that particulars of special damage, in particular, particulars relating to }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 loss of income' suffered by the deceased had been supplied to the defendants well before the trial.
\par 
\par Mr. Maharaj said that the Plaintiff's Financial State
ments for the period 1989 to 1991 together with copies of Bank Statement from ANZ had been supplied to Mr. Krishna well before the trial and he cross-examined at length both the witness from ANZ and the deceased's accountant called on behalf of the plaint
iff.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The accountant Mr. Abdul Hafiz was called and he testified and was cross-examined by Mr. Krishna.
\par 
\par Counsel further said that the deceased did not have to tender his Income Tax Returns about which Mr. Krishna complains.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
If he wanted then he should have served "Notice to Produce" specific documents at the trial as the Plaintiff is not expected to know what documents or particulars the Defendant may require at the trial.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 It is significant to note, he said, that Tax Returns "of certain self-employed persons
 afford little reliable guidance to the actual profit being made" (}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Scott J}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  in }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Shiu Ram}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 v Gordon Jai Narayan & Moti Chand}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  Civ. App. No. 11/91).
\par 
\par I see no merit in Mr. Krishna's argument and I shall now proceed to consider this claim for special damages which is in fact loss of earnings and the plaintiff is entitled to that.
\par 
\par The plaintiff has pleaded }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 special damages' in the Writ of Summons.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 He is entitled to loss of income or earnings arising out of injuries sustained from the accident because he has been p
revented "from fulfilling a contract of service or earning wages or, if a professional man, earning fees from clients or, if a }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 trader}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 , from dealing with customers" (vide case of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Gourley}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
, infra, }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Lord Goddard}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  at 207).
\par 
\par Actually, in this case before it was decided to deal with the issue of liability first, a good deal of evidence on the deceased's business dealings and earnings was adduced through him when he was alive.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The evidence that has been adduced after his death is a continuation of that evidence on the aspect of the loss of income.

\par 
\par The dates to be remembered are the date of accident which is 15.10.91; deceased suffered stroke in June 1995 (i.e. 4 years after the accident).}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 He died on 20.3.96 which is 4 years 5 months after the accident.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 On the evidence I am not satisfied that he died as a result of the injuries suffered in the accident.
\par 
\par I have considered the evidence adduced in this case in relation to his business and also the evidence in connection with his expected profit arising as a result of the injuries referred to hereabove.
\par 
\par He was a successful businessman; he was an exporter.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 He also had a sugar cane farm.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The deceased also owned a number of vehicles for use in his business.
\par 
\par In 1989 his net profit was $26,348.62; 1990 profit was $14,732.60 (deceased was away overseas for 6 months in 1990); the 1991 profit was $23,748.32.
\par 
\par On these figures Mr. Maharaj suggested a figure of $25,000 loss of profit per year for 4 years until the date of trial.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
It will be noticed that he suffered from stroke in June 1995.
\par 
\par The tax position ought to be taken into account in assessing damages under this head as held by the House of Lords in }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 British Transport Commission and Gourley}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  [1956] A.C. 185.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Earl of Jowitt }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 at p.203 said: }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 ".... no sensible person any longer rega
rds the net earnings from his trade or profession as the equivalent of his available income."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par 
\par As to how damages is to be assessed in a situation such as the present while assessing tax liability, the following passage from the judgment of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Lord Jowitt}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  in }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Gourley}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  (supra) at 203-204 is pertinent:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
"It would, I think, be unfortunate if, as the result of our decision, the fixation of damages in a running-down case were to involve an elaborate assessment of tax liability.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 It will no doubt become necessary for th
e tribunal assessing damages to form an estimate of what the tax would have been if the money had been earned, but such an estimate will be none the worse if it is formed on broad lines, even though it may be described as rough and ready.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 It is impossible 
to assess with mathematical accuracy what reduction should be made by reason of the tax position, just as it is impossible to assess with mathematical accuracy the amount of damages which should be awarded for the injury itself and for the pain and suffer
ing endured."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par On tax }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Lord Goddard }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 in }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Gourley}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  (supra) at 207 said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
"In either case to say that a taxpayer has the benefit of his full income is, in my opinion, to be "out of touch with reality," to use the words of Lord Sorn in M'Daid's case.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 As he said, when income tax was 10s in the \'a3 to award him damages without regard to tax would give him, subject to statutory allowances, just double the amount of his loss.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The simplest case to take, no doubt, is that of a person assessed under Schedule E.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 A certain sa
lary is attached to the office, but that which he will receive is, at the present rate of taxation, the salary less a very substantial percentage, which is deducted for tax before payment.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 If, therefore, he is disabled by an accident from earning his salar
y, I cannot see on what principle of justice the defendants should be called upon to pay him more than he would have received if he had remained able to carry out his duties."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par On the plaintiff's own evidence in the year of the accident his net profit was about $24,000.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
Working on that basis alone for four years i.e. from }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708 '}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
date of accident to time he suffered the stroke in June 1995 the net loss would be $96,000.00.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
The loss which he would have suffered for the subsequent 9 months before he died based on this figure of $24,000 would not be entirely due to the accident but due to the stroke as well.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }
{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 I would therefore apportion the loss at 50-50 which comes to $9000 net.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The total loss which I would allow is $105,000.00 ($96,000 + $9000).}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 From this is to be deducted the tax at the estimated rate of 35% which amounts to $36,750.00.
\par 
\par Therefore the total loss of profit which I would allow is }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 $68250.00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 .}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par 
\par Loss of property}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (motor vehicle AN967)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par 
\par The deceased's vehicle Regd. No. AN967 which was involved in the accident had to be repaired which cost $550.
\par 
\par I am satisfied with this claim of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 $550}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  and I allow it.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Police Report and Travelling Expenses}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The claim for Police Report in the sum of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 $22.00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  and }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 $500}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  for travelling expenses I allow as reasonable expenses although no receipts have been produced to Court.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Economic loss}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par 
\par I have considered Mr. Maharaj's arguments on this aspect of the claim.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
He is claiming the sum of $49,378.00 as at 31.3.94 being the amount owed to ANZ under a Mortgage.
\par 
\par A demand was made about two months after the accident.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The Bank also sent a bankruptcy notice.
\par 
\par I find that this claim is too remote.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The deceased owed ANZ at the time of the accident.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The debt did not accumulate because of the accident.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }
{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 This was already due at the time of the accident.
\par 
\par If the deceased was not able to carry on his business he should have closed it straightaway.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
He should have mitigated his loss.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 He did not do that.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 It is not clear whether he had any partners in the business or not.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 If he himself was not able to run around he could have left the business to his partner to run.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 But evidently he took no steps in this regard and continued to plod along until his death.
\par 
\par I dismiss this claim.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Loss on sale of assets
\par 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The Plaintiff's claim of $6,222.00 being loss on sale of assets is disallowed for the same reasons as for economic loss.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  
}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Why did the deceased not organise himself in such a way to mitigate loss by selling the assets himself.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 When he knew very well that he will not be able to carry on his business in the same way as before the accident.
\par 
\par Apart from loss on sale of assets and economic loss the plaintiff is claiming loss of profit from business.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
She cannot have both under any circumstances in this case.
\par 
\par I am not satisfied that the economic loss and loss on sale of assets came overnight.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
The debts were there before the accident.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
It cannot be said that those two amounts sprung up as a result of the accident or as a consequence of the injuries received from the accident.
\par 
\par This claim is dismissed as it is devoid of merits and too remote.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Interest
\par 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 The plaintiff has pleaded interest; she is therefore entitled to it.
\par 
\par Under }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 s.3}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  of the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Death and Interest) Act Cap. 27}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  it is in the discretion of the Court to award interest at such rate 
as it thinks fit or debt or damages for the whole or any part of the period between the date when the cause of action arose and the date of judgment.
\par 
\par In regard to the award of interest in this case, the following passage from the judgment of Court of Appeal in }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL OF FIJI, KINIJOJI KATONIVERE v JAINENDRA PRASAD SINGH }
{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (Civ. App. No. ABU0001 of 1998S): 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
"There was also a challenge to the award of interest on the general damages from the date of the accident, the appellant submitting that it should run only from the date of the writ was issued - namely 20 May 1994.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Such a matter is in the Judge's discretion, and we said in }{
\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Attorney-General v Valentine}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  that we were not prepared to interfere with a similar decision.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Nevertheless we think it app
ropriate to reconsider this question of interest in claims for damages for personal injuries caused by negligence.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Interest is awarded to compensate the plaintiff for being wrongfully kept out of the money to which he or she was entitled.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 But unlike most c
laims for simple debt, in these claims for damages the defendant may not know until the writ is issued (or at least until a letter of claim is sent) the basis on which general damages should be calculated and paid.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Therefore it can hardly be said that the 
defendant is wrongfully retaining the plaintiff's money before then and on principle interest should not start to run in respect of non-economic loss in personal injury cases until the action is commenced.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (See Lord Diplock's comments in }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
Wright v British Railways Board}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  [1983] 2 All ER 698 at 70).}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Such an approach would also have the advantage of encouraging the prompt issue of proceedings, helping to avoid the delays prevalent in this area of litigation.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 We hasten to add that this criticism cannot be made here, as the writ was issued within a year of the accident.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
For these reasons we think His Lordship should have taken the same approach as he did with the damaged van, and have awarded interest only from the date of issue of the writ."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par Also in }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Pradeep Raj}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  (supra) at p7 the Court of Appeal said that in line with the Court's ruling on }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Attorney-General v Singh}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
 (C.A. 1/98; 18.5.99) that interest on general damages for personal injury should be awarded from the date of writ to date of judgment on damages.
\par 
\par On the authorities on general damages I would allow interest at the rate of $6.00% p.a. from the date of writ, namely 8 March 1994 to date of judgment in assessment of damages which is 19 November 1999.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Also interest on special damages will be from date of tri
al, namely 16 October 1995 to date of judgment on assessment of damages, which is 19 November 1999 at half the rate, namely $3.00% per annum.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Summary of damages awarded
\par 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 In the result, I assess and award damages and interest as hereunder:
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 General damages}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 For pain}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668433 
 and suffering past and future,}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par loss of amenities and enjoyment of life\tab  45,000.00
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Interest at the rate of $6.00% p.a.
\par from date of writ of (8.3.94) to date
\par of assessment of damages judgment
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708 (19.11.99)\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  15,300.00
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Special Damages}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (a)\tab Loss of income/profit\tab \tab }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668433 \tab }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708  68,250.00
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (b)\tab Damage to van\tab \tab }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668433 \tab }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 550.00
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (c)\tab Police Report\tab \tab \tab }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668433 \tab }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 20.00
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 (d)\tab Travelling expenses\tab \tab }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668433 \tab }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 500.00
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Interest thereon at $3.00% p.a.
\par from date of trial (16.10.95)
\par to date of assessment of damages \tab }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668433 \tab }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708\charrsid3620708  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 604.00
\par (19.11.99)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li4320\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4320\itap0\pararsid4668433 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 $\tab 138,332.00
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par There will therefore be judgment for the Plaintiff in the sum of $138,332.00 with costs to the Plaintiff to be taxed if not agreed.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 D. Pathik
\par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 Judge}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 At Suva
\par 19 November 1999}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3620708 {\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620708 HBC0401J.93S}{\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid76886\charrsid3620708 
\par }}