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\f63\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par At Suva
\par Civil Jurisdiction
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par CIVIL ACTION NO. 0232 OF 1995
\par 
\par Between:
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 1. }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 MESULAME NARAWA
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 2. }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 RAITUBE MATANABUA
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Plaintiffs
\par 
\par - and -
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 1. }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 NATIVE LAND TRUST BOARD
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 2. }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 THE CONSERVATOR OF FOREST
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 3. }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE,
\par FISHERIES & FORESTS
\par 4.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 TIMBERS (FIJI) LIMITED
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 5. }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF FIJI
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Defendants
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par Mr. I. Fa for the Plaintiffs
\par Mr. N. Nawaikula for the 1st Defendant
\par Ms. M. Sakiti for the 2nd, 3rd and 5th Defendants
\par Mr. A. Seru for the 4th Defendant
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 {\*\bkmkstart QuickMark}{\*\bkmkend QuickMark}RULING
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 On the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 10th of May 1995}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
 the plaintiffs issued an }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Originating Summons}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  in which they are described as }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 suing jointly and on behalf of the members of the Yavusa Burenitu of Serua}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
They were plainly suing in their personal capacities and also in a representative capacity.
\par 
\par In the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Originating Summons}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
 the plaintiffs seek various declaration and other orders against the defendants in relation to alleged breaches in the grant and performance of various duties and provisions of two timber concession agreements, namely, the }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Navutulevu Concession Agreement}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  and the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
Navua Concession Agreement}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  granted in }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 January 1985}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  and }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 November 1983}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
 respectively, by the 1st and 2nd defendants to the 4th named defendant company.
\par 
\par At the outset I note that no reliefs are sought against the 3rd and 5th defendants nor, so far as I can ascertain, have any allegations of impropriety been made against either defendant in the primary affidavit filed in support of the }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Summons}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Indeed the 3rd and 5th defendants appear to have been joined as a matter of caution and perhaps to comply with the provisions of the }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Crown Proceedings Act}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 .
\par 
\par I am satisfied despite the absence of a formal application in that regard, that the 3rd and 5th defendants are unnecessary parties to this action and accordingly are formally struck out in exercise of the Courts power under }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Order 15 r.6(2)(a)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 .
\par 
\par In opposing the plaintiff's Summons a director of a company which }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 now owns the 5th defendant company'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  challenged the regularity of the plaintiff's claim to represent the members of the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Yavusa Burenitu}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  which comprises eleven }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 (11)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
 separate mataqali's with a total membership numbering in the hundred.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 He also questions the right of the plaintiffs (and indeed the 
}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Yavusa}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  they claim to represent,) to sue for alleged breaches of timber concessions of which they are not parties }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 albeit}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  that the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Yavusa}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  may own the lands over which the timber concessions were granted.
\par 
\par The }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Deputy Conservator of Forests}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
 whilst denying any knowledge of alleged breaches of the timber concessions differs as to the composition of the mataqali's that comprise the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Yavusa}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 .
\par 
\par For his part, the Secretary of the 1st defendant Board denied that the plaintiffs }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
have any locus or any authority instructions or approval by the people of the Yavusa Burenitu to bring this actions on their behalf'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  as evidenced by thirteen }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 (13)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  annexure letters from individual members and various traditional leaders comprised within the }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Yavusa Burenitu}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 '}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 denying they have either consented or agreed nor instructed the plaintiffs to bring this action on their behalf'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 .

\par 
\par He further deposed to settlement talks that had been pursued between the defendant Board and native owners relative to the concessionaire's breaches and non-performance of the timber concessions and he sets out the terms of settlement arising from the dis
cussions which included compensation payments and the construction of a sawmill which have subsequently been performed.
\par 
\par The first plaintiff countered with his own series of annexure letters signed by the traditional heads of the eleven }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 (11)}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  mataqali's that comprised the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Yavusa Burenitu}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
 and several affidavits from individual members explaining the suspicious circumstances under which they had appended their signatures to the Board's annexure letters.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 All reaffirmed their support for the plaintiffs continuing with the action.
\par 
\par Faced with what appeared to be conflicting }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 '}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 authorities'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
 which the 1st plaintiff conceded raised }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 complex factual issues which cannot be fully resolved on affidavit evidence alone'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 , counsel issued a motion on }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 13th September 1995}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
 seeking an order to cross-examine the deponents of affidavits filed on behalf of the 1st, 2nd and 4th defendants.
\par 
\par By now it had become quite obvious that the plaintiffs }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 locus standi'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  to bring the action was being vigorously opposed and counsels were ordered to file an appropriate application.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 This was done on }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 6th December 1995}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
 by counsel for the defendant Board and after necessary affidavits were filed, was heard on }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 8th March 1996}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 .
\par 
\par It is a matter of personal embarrassment to have to record that the relevant court file was misplaced in the interim and was only re-located on counsel's 3rd reminder letter.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 For this I must bear sole responsibility and I do apologise for any inconvenience caused by the inordinate length of time taken to deliver this ruling on a fairly
 straightforward interlocutory matter.
\par 
\par Counsel for the defendant Board in his written submission on the locus question states}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
"It is now a well established principle of the laws of Fiji by substantive authority that a member of a mataqali cannot sue personally in respect of a collective right as in an action concerning or effecting (sic) common ownership of a mataqali land.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
The reason is because mataqali land is not owned by an individual but by the mataqali as a unit whose members are individuals in their life time and others yet to be born."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par Counsel cites five }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 (5)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  local judgments of the }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 High Court}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  in support of the above propos}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379 i}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 tion and writes}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
"The plaintiffs have no locus to institute these proceedings and further they have not provided sufficient e
vidence to establish a common interest, common grievance or the fact that the relief they are seeking will be beneficial to all the people of Yavusa Burenitu in accordance with the requirements of Or.15 r.14."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par Counsel for the plaintiffs for his part equally forcefully submits that}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
"Under Or.15 r.14 the plaintiffs are entitled to commence a representative action where the people whom they represent have a common interest, a common grievance and the relief they seek is beneficial to all whom they represent."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par Furthermore counsel submits the plaintiffs are}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
"not aware of any statutory provision which prohibits them from instituting this proceedings in a representative capacity or at all, the closest provision that may be applicable is Section 23 of the Native Lands Trust Board Act but this is not raised."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par and counsel draws support from 2 unreported judgments of the High Court namely, }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Waisake Ratu and Another V. N.L.D.C. and N.L.T.B}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Civil Action 580 of 1984}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  and }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Ratu Malakai Waqatabu v. N.L.T.B. and Josefata Davui}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Civil Action 323 of 1993}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 .
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
I have carefully considered both judgments and although there is interesting dicta which tends to support counsels submissions, I am nevertheless satisfied that both judgments are easily distinguishable from the present c
ase on their facts in so far as, in both cases the plaintiff was pursuing a personal right in the land and/or fixtures on it.
\par 
\par Suffice it to say I am satisfied from the evidence and submissions before me that the plaintiffs' action as constituted purports to be a representative one brought pursuant to }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
Order 15 r.14}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  of the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 High Court Rules}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 .
\par 
\par Further, the plaintiffs are }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 not}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
 asserting a claim or right in their personal capacities or for which they have suffered any special damage, rather, they are asserting what has been conveniently described as }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 '}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 collective rights'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
 which belong to the respective mataqalis as owners of the lands over which the timber concessions were granted and of which, it is common ground, neither the plaintiffs }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 nor}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Yavusa Burenitu}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  }{
\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 nor}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  the eleven }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 (11) }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 mataqalis }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 nor}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
 its individual members are either named parties or signatories.
\par 
\par There being no privity of contract existing between the plaintiffs or the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Yavusa}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
 which they seek to represent, and the defendants how then, it is argued, can they seek to enforce or terminate the concession agreements?}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379\charrsid4201985 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 The plaintiffs confront this }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 problem'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  by alleging breaches by the defendant }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Board}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
 of its fiduciary duties as the statutory trustee of }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 all}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
 native lands charged with the administration of such lands }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 for the benefit of the native owners'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
In particular, the plaintiffs specifically allege that to allow the 4th defendant company to continue to breach the concession agreements by its non-performance of various terms without enforcing }{
\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 or}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  cancelling the co
ncession agreements, is inimical to the interests of the landowners which the plaintiffs claim to represent, and a breach of the defendant Board's statutory duty and therefore they are}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 entitled them to challenge or enforce the concession agreements.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
At best the argument is of doubtful merit.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Order 15 r.14(1) }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 reads}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
"Where numerous persons have the same interest in any proceedings, ... the proceedings may be begun, and, unless the Court otherwise orders, continued, by ... any one or more of them as representing all or as representing all except one or more of them."}
{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par In }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Smith and Others v. Cardiff Corporation}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 (1954) 1 Q.B. 210}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 English Court of Appeal}
{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  in discussing the equivalent of the above Order}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 "Held}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379 :}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  That to bring a representative action under R.S.C. Ord.16 r.9 it must be shown}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379 :}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  first, that all the members of the class had a common interest}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379 ; }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 secondly, that they all had a common grievance}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379 ; }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
and thirdly, that the relief was in its nature beneficial to them all."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par In }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Timoci Bavadra v. N.L.T.B}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 . }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Civil Ac
tion No. 421 of 1986}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  where the applicant sought leave under }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Or.15 r.13}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  to institute a representative action on behalf of a }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Tokatoka}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  of which he was a member, }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Rooney J.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
 whilst allowing for the possibility of a representative action in that case said, at }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 p.4}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
"Even if the plaintiff could show that he had the support of the majority of the adult members of the land holding unit this would not necessarily give him or the people he represents the right to sue.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 That depends on the nature of a Fijian land holding unit.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid15685379 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379\charrsid15685379 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 As I said in the }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Dikau}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  case}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  (Civil Action 801 of 1984):}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri1440\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
a mataqali cannot be equated with any institution known and recognised by common law or statute of general application.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
The composition, function and management of a mataqali and the regulation of the rights of members in relation to each other and to persons and things outside it are governed by a custom}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379 a}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 ry}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379  law separate from and independe}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
nt of the general law administered in this Court.'"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par and later at }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 p.8}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  of }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Dikau's}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  judgment his lordshi}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 p said:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 "It was established in }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
Meli Kaliavu and Others}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 (5 F.L.R.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379  }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 17)}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
 that individual members of a mataqali have no locus standi to sue and recover damages in their own personal capacity or to obtain an injunction.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Their right to obtain a declaration must similarly be circumscribed.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Such rights as they may have as members of a mataqali are not founded on the common law or any statute."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par As for the possibility of a representative action under }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Order 15 r.14 Rooney J.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  said at }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 p.7}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  of }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 Bavadra's}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  judgment}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 "The plaintiff and his associates may be permitted to proceed ... if they can establish }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 a common interest and a common grievance' and }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 '}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 if the relief sought is in its nature beneficial to all whom the plaintiff proposes to represent'.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 I take the view that the establishment of such a premise presents formidable difficulties, unless the plaintiff can show that the constitution, management and functions}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 (of the native landholding unit) }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
are such that it meets that requirement."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par I agree entirely with those comments and would only add that on the affidavit evidence before me it is not at all clear or established that the various mataqalis comprised within the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
Yavusa Burenitu}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  have either a }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
common interest or purpose'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  in the proceedings }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 or}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985  that the reliefs sought, especially the cancellation of the concession agreements, would be }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 '}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 beneficial to all'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 .
\par 
\par In my view the plaintiffs have no }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2253239 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 locus standi'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
 to bring or continue the present action and it is accordingly dismissed with costs to the defendants to be taxed if not agreed.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx3968\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15685379 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 (D.V. Fatiaki)
\par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4201985 {\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736\charrsid4201985 At Suva,
\par 16th December, 1998.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14624736 
\par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15685379 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379 HBC0232D.95S}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15685379\charrsid15685379 
\par }}