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\rsid3868010\rsid6702127\rsid8792372}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.4219;}{\info{\title IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\author Emalus Campus}{\operator ehndvaun_d}{\creatim\yr2003\mo7\dy31\hr18\min35}{\revtim\yr2003\mo7\dy31\hr18\min35}{\version2}
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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 \f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI

\par At Suva
\par Civil Jurisdiction
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par CIVIL ACTION NO. 0159 OF 1995
\par 
\par Between:
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 SHARDA NAND
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 s/o Ram Sewak
\par Plaintiff
\par 
\par - and -
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 1. }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 VATUWAQA TRANSPORT CO. LTD.
\par 2.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 BINESARI PRASAD
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Defendants
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par Mr. T. Fa for the Plaintiff
\par Mr. D. Sharma for the Defendants
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 In this action the plaintiff claims damages for personal injuries he sustained when the truck he was driving along }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
Fletcher Road}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  on the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 1st of April 1992}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 collided with a bus belonging to the first defendant company and driven by the second defendant.
\par 
\par The particulars of negligence alleged against the second defendant in the }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Statement of Claim}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 are pleaded as follows}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-731\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "3.\tab 
The plaintiff says that the collision that occurred between the vehicle he was driving Reg. No}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  CC 788 and bus registration No}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  AO 030 was the result of the second defendant's negligence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Particulars of Negligence}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (a)\tab 
Attempting to drive out of a bus-bay and attempting to enter a lane on the road when it was not clear or safe to do so.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (b)\tab Failing to keep a proper look 
out at all relevant times for the movement of vehicles on the main road and in particular of the presence of the plaintiff's vehicle.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (c)\tab 
Failing to give way to vehicles that were using the lane he was entering as a result of which the plaintiff in his attempt to avoid a head-on collision with another, collided into the back of bus driven by the second defendant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (d)\tab Being careless and inattentive at the relevant time and date."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par The defendants for their part filed a joint defence denying any negligence on their part and countered}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "... that the Plaintiff himself was negligent or contributorily negligent in the following manner}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (a)\tab failing to follow at a safe distance 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (b)\tab failing to stop
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (c)\tab over-speeding
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (d)\tab failing to give way to a bus which have 
already signalled and pulled out onto the main lane ..."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par At the trial of the action which occupied three }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (3)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 days of court sittings the plaintiff gave evidence in support of his claim and called three }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (3)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 witnesses, a passenger in the truck at the relevant time and two }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (2)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  doctors.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 A file containing twelve }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (12)}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  documents was also produced by consent.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
The second defendant was the sole witness called by the defence.
\par 
\par In his evidence-in-chief the plaintiff who was employed as a driver at the time testified that on the day in question at about }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 5.30 p.m.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  he was driving a company truck along }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Fletcher Road}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 In his own words}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "We were going along Fletcher Road at about 1.30 p.m. heading for our bulkstore at Vatuwaqa Industrial.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 It was raining.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I saw a bus at the bus-stop.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
As we approached the bus it came out of the bus-bay.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I was approaching at about 30 kmph.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 When bus came out of bus-bay at the same time I noticed an on-coming vehicle.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I braked my van moved towards the left behind the bus and we collided into the bus.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Fletcher Road has 2 lanes but no mid-line provision for 1 car only on each lanes."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par and later in answer to counsel's questions, he said}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "Bus did not indicate in any way its intention to pull out of the bus-bay.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 No signal was given.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 As result of accident I was injured and taken to hospital.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I sustained a broken leg, my hip was dislocated, tooth was broken, cut on forehead.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I was admitted in hospital for 6 weeks."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par In cross-examination the plaintiff remained adamant that the bus had not indicated its intention to pull out of the bus-bay.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
He accepted that }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 with hindsight he should have been driving slower'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  and that the }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 point of impact'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  was correctly depicted in the police sketch plan of the scene as being }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 inside the bus-bay'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 .
\par 
\par The plaintiff's passenger }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 PENIASI WAQA}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  described the accident in his evidence as follows}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "I know Fletcher Road at Vatuwaqa.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 There was an accident involving our vehicle.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
The other vehicle was a bus.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 We were coming along Fletcher Road, it was raining.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 The bus was parked in the bus-stop.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 As we neared the bus without indicating the bus turned into the road.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 There was an on-coming vehicle at that time.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
Our driver couldn't do anything else but turn our vehicle and hit the bus."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par In cross-examination the witness reiterated that }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "... it was because bus came out that we swerved and hit the back of the bus."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 He was unable to say how far their truck was from the bus when it began to pull out of the bus-bay but }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (the truck)}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  ... struck the rear part of the bus a bit to the right corner."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par The second defendant bus driver described how the accident occurred in the following extracts of his evidence-in-chief.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 He said}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "Recall 1.4.92 I was driving AO 030.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Driving along Fletcher Road at around 5.30-5.45 p.m.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
Bus involved in a collision with another vehicle driven by the plaintiff.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 It was raining on that day.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 It was not so busy on the road at that time.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
Road surface slippery.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Recall the collision between plaintiff's truck and my bus.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I was discharging passengers in a bus-bay along Fletcher Road.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 My bus was almost empty.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 After discharging passengers I started moving.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I looked at my rear vision through side window and gave my indicator.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I was fully in the bus-bay while discharging passengers.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
I saw in the side mirror a truck coming.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 It was a blue 3 ton truck.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 The truck was about 40-50 metres away.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
The truck was approaching along the same route I was heading.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I had indicated to pull out.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I was moving slowly out of the bay and I saw the plaintiff's truck approaching.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I had already come out of the bay and the rear end of the bus was still in the bay area.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8792372 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I saw plaintiff's truck coming beside me wanting to overtake my bus.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
Then a car was coming from the opposite direction and the truck swerved to the bus-bay side and collided with the rear of my bus.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I heard a }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 bang' sound."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par On being shown, the police sketch plan of the scene }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (Exhibit }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 B')}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  the second defendant agreed that the designated }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 point of impact'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  was where the accident occurred and was inside the bus-bay although his bus }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 was a bit out on the road.'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par In cross-examination the bus-driver stated that the plaintiff's truck was about }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 65 metres}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 away when he first saw it in his rear vision mirror.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 He also described in more detail the plaintiff's attempted overtaking of his bus.
}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 In particular, how the 
truck had come a quarter way beside the back of the bus when it was already two-thirds out of the bus-bay and despite seeing that, he didn't stop but continued moving out of the bus-bay.
\par 
\par Later in cross-examination the following significant exchange occurred between the plaintiff's counsel and the second defendant}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  

\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "Driver this past 15 years.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I had put on my right trafficator.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
I saw a vehicle 50 metres behind me.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 It is raining and late in the evening.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Q}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 \tab As an experienced driver what should you do in that situation}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ?}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 A}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 \tab With that distance I'd say its safe to move out of bus-bay.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Q}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 \tab Say vehicle moving at a speed of 50 kmph would you still consider it safe to pull out?
\par A}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 \tab Yes with a trafficator signal because the driver would see my signal.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Q}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 \tab What if vehicle only 30 yds away}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ?}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par A}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 \tab Still safe because of indicator.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Finally in answer to the Court's questions the second defendant said}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
"In my view once a bus begins pulling out of a bus-bay it has right of way so that on-coming vehicles must slow down to allow me time to complete pulling out. That's why I didn't stop when I saw truck one-quarter of the way up the side of my bus."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par Earlier in his evidence the second defendant stated that he considered it }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 safe'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  to pull out of the bus-bay when the road is clear }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 i.e}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 . }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "when you judge that the distance of any approaching vehicle is sufficient for you to move out."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 He also accepted that the assessment of whether or not the distance was }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 safe'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  was an assessment he alone was required to make.
\par 
\par That a road user owes to other road users a duty to exercise due care is beyond argument and is succinctly expressed in a passage in }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Charlesworth on Negligence}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (6th edn.)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  where the learned editor writes at }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 para. 865:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "... the duty of a person who drives ... a vehicle on the highway
 is to use reasonable care to avoid causing damage to persons vehicles or property of any kind on or adjoining the highway.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
Reasonable care in this connection means the care which an ordinary skilful driver ... would have exercised under all the circumstances and connotes an avoidance of excessive speed, keeping a good look-out, observing traffic rules and signals and so on."}
{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par More genera}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 l}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 ly }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Lord Macmillan}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  expressed it thus in }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Bourhill v. Young}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (1943) A.C. 93}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  at }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 p.104}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "The duty to take care is a duty to 
avoid doing or omitting to do anything the doing or omitting to do which may have as its reasonable and probable consequence injury to others, and the duty is owed to those to whom injury may reasonably and probably be anticipated if the duty is not obser
ved.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid8792372 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 There is no absolute standard of what is reasonable and probable.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 It must depend on circumstances and must always be a question of degree."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par In my view a driver who is pulling out of a bus-bay into a road is executing a potentially hazardous manoeuvre often in the face of approaching traffic with}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 the right of way and whose speed can only be guessed at through a rear vision mirror, and therefore, such a driver has a clear duty to ensure that he is in a position not merely to begin }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (as the second defendant appears to suggest in this evidence)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
, but also to safely complete the manoeuvre without endangering other road users that are or might reasonably be expected to be present on the road at the time.
\par 
\par The question that then arises in this case is}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  Did the 
second defendant/bus driver's manner of driving in all the circumstances of the case, when viewed objectively, amount to a failure on his part to exercise due and reasonable care}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ? }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Accepting as I do the evidence of the plaintiff and his passenger and mindful of the second defendant's own }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 view'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
, I am driven to only one possible conclusion and that is that the accident was solely caused by the second defendant's negligent driving.
\par 
\par In this case I accept and find as a fact that the second defendant pulled out of the bus-bay in the face of the plaintiff's approaching truck when it was unsafe to do so.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I further find given the inclement weather and road conditions at the time, that the second defendant had a limited opportunity to assess and indeed misjudged the 
speed of the plaintiff's approaching truck, and finally, I accept and find as a fact that the plaintiff's driving at the relevant time in no way contributed to the collision that occurred between his truck and the bus.
\par 
\par I hold that the plaintiff has establ
ished to my satisfaction on a balance of probabilities that it was the second defendant's negligent driving that was the cause of the accident and further, having so held the second defendant liable, as the bus involved in the accident was owned by the se
cond defendant company }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (}{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 See}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  Exhibit }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 A')}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 and was being driven at the time by the second defendant in the course of his employment as a bus driver of the first defendant bus company on a route over which the bus company is licensed to operate, I have no hes
itation in holding that the first defendant bus company is vicariously liable for the negligent driving of the second defendant its employee.
\par 
\par Having thus decided the question of liability I turn next to consider the issue of damages.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 In this regard, altho
ugh not admitted, it is not seriously disputed and I find that as a result of the accident caused solely by the second defendant's negligent driving, the plaintiff sustained multiple fractures and lacerations to his right hip and leg and injuries to vario
us other parts of his body which necessitated his immediate admission to the C.W.M. Hospital where he remained for some six }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (6)}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  weeks undergoing surgical treatment and immobilisation until he was discharged on the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 15th of May 1992}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Subsequently he attended the }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 C.W.M.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  fracture clinic for reviews on eleven }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (11)
}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  recorded occasions }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (}{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 See}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  Exhibit }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 L')}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  between the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 17th of June 1992}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  and the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 28th of April 1993}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 .
\par 
\par The plaintiff's total permanent incapacity has been assessed at between }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 27% }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 and }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 28.5%}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (}{
\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 See}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  Exhibits }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 G', }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
H' and }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I')}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  and in the latest medical report dated }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 8th February 1996}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (}{
\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 See}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  Exhibit }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 J')}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  prepared by the }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Orthopaedic Surgeon}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  at the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 C.W.M.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 , the following prognosis is recorded}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "He is now very disabled by hip pain and this will continue to get worse as time goes on.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I recommend that he travel overseas to have a total hip replacement.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 This will alleviate the pain, however the hip will never be normal again and he will have to greatly restrict the amount of physical activity and heavy work he does."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par The }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Orthopaedic Surgeon}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Dr. FRANK PISCIONERI }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 further explained in court that}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "(the plaintiff) has now developed degenerative osteoarthritis of his hip joint as a result of hip injury."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 In cross-examination he said}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "(the plaintiff's) main disability is }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 pain' a
s a result of osteoarthritis.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Furthermore the plaintiff has what the doctor described as an }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 antalgic limp'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 where the patient favours his painful limb and keeps minimal pressure on it despite there being no length reduction of the limb.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
He also testified }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (from hospital records)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  that }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "the plaintiff attended C.W.M. specialistic clinic on 22 occasions for his injury."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Dr. Piscioneri}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  like }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Dr. WELBY KORWA}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  (P.W.2) accepted that assessment of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 pain'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  is }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 a difficult subjective area'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  on which even doctors could differ in their professional opinions.
\par 
\par On this aspect the plaintiff testified}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "My right leg is shorter as a result of this accident.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I experience considerable pain, more so in cold season.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Pain in my right hip, knee and ankle.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
I cannot walk long distances without resting.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I cannot carry any weight or play soccer which I love and can't run now.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 All were the result of this accident.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I ask for special damages for taxi fares to and from hospital}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ;}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  loss of wages as a result of accident."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 As for his future prospects of obtaining employment the plaintiff said}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "In June 1993 I returned to work while still limping but my employer told me to go home and rest.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Since accident not been able to do any work.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Besides being a driver I used to work as a machinist in a sawmill ripping timber.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I can't do that now nor can I drive."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par He has not been able to find alternative sedentary employment such as office work }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 because }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (his)}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  level of education is up to Class 2'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 .

\par 
\par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 SPECIAL DAMAGES}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par Under this head counsel for the plaintiff submits that the plaintiff is entitled to claim for the following three }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (3)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 items}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (1)\tab Transportation expenses}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ;}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par (2)\tab Purchase of crutches}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ;}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  and 
\par (3)\tab Loss of wages.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par Despite the absence of any documentary evidence of expenditure to support }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 items (1) & (2)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 , I am 
satisfied that they are claimable as expenses actually and reasonably incurred and directly attributable to the second defendant's negligence and have been sufficiently proved.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I therefore allow for }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 item (1)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  twenty two }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (22)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  return trips at }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $4}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  per trip making a total of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $(22 x 4) =}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $88.00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ; }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 and for }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 item (2)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 I allow the cost of a pair of crutches at }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $30}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 .
\par 
\par As for }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 item (3)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  counsel submits that the plaintiff is entitled to claim a total of }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $13,237.00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  calculated on the basis of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 217 weeks}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 i.e.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  from the date of the
 accident to the date of hearing, at a weekly income of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $61.00 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 nett.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 From this is deducted the sum of }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
"... $4,773.00 paid under the Workmen's Compensation Act and a further sum of $351.54"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  which represents a reduced weekly income of }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $39.06}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  paid to the plaintiff by his employer over a period of nine }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (9)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  weeks whilst he was recuperating in hospital and at home.
\par 
\par Having considered this matter in the light of defence counsel's submissions I am satisfied that plaintiff counsel's submissions are incorrect in several respects.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Firstly}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 , in the total number of weeks claimed for lost wages}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ; }{
\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 secondly}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
, in making no deduction for personal expenses that would necessarily have been incurred by the plaintiff in attending work}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ;}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{
\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 thirdly}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 , in deducting the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
Workman's Compensation}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  awarded to the plaintiff from }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
special damages'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  as opposed to general damages with which in my view it has a greater affinity}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ; }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 and }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 fourthly}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
, the total number of the reduced weekly payments deducted }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (i.e. 9)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  is significantly less than otherwise stated by 
the plaintiff in his own sworn evidence.
\par 
\par In my considered view the plaintiff's claim for}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 in excess of four }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (4) }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 years lost wages is quite unjustified and in any event is misconceived.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Firstly}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 , he was only hospitalised for a total period of six }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (6)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  weeks; }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 secondly}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 , he continued to receive from his employer a weekly wage }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (albeit reduced)}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  for over a year from the date of this accident}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ; }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 and}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 thirdly}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
, he was finally laid-off work by his employer in }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 June 93}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  and became effectively unemployed thereafter.
\par 
\par Furthermore notwithstanding the plaintiff's criminal prosecution and his claim for }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Workman's Compensation}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
, I am not persuaded that the plaintiff was justified in instituting his claim as late as he did in }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 March 1995}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 a fortnight short of the statutory limitation period, }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 or}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 that he has made any serious attempts to obtain alternative employment or sought through other means to mitigate his losses in this regard.
\par 
\par The }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Court of Appeal}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (U.K.) }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 in reducing an award of }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 special damages'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  for }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 loss of earnings'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  between the accident and the trial in }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 James v. Woodall Duckham Construction}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (1969) 1 W.L.R. 903}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "}{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 held}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 ... that it was the duty of a plaintiff whose pain or incapacity for work would continue ..., to prosecute his claim with reasonable diligence and if such a plaintiff u
nnecessarily prolonged the period of his incapacity for work he could not recover loss of earnings for the period in respect of which he delayed his return to work."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par Similar observations may be made in this case where the plaintiff delayed the issuance of his }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Writ}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  for two }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (2)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  years }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 after}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  being laid-off and when the permanency of his incapacity was already well-known to him (}{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 See}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Exhibit }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 G'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  dated }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 15.2.93}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 ).
\par 
\par Needless to say, on principle an employee who has been laid-off by his employer is }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 prima facie}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  no lo
nger entitled to wages and logically therefore such an employee has no claim for }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 loss of wages'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
The accident in such circumstances is only indirectly and remotely connected to the employee's }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 loss of wages'}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 which is the direct and immediate result of his employer's action in laying him off.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Why then should the negligent driver be held liable in a claim for special }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (}{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 not}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  general) }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 damages for }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 loss of wages'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  directly arising out of another's actions and in this case, marked by inexcusable delay}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ? }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Of course }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 loss of future earnings'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  is quite a different matter which will be dealt with later in this judgment under the appropriate head of general damages.
\par 
\par In light of the fore-going I award the plaintiff }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 55 weeks }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 loss of wages'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  calculated on a nett weekly earning of }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $61.00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  giving a total of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $(61 x 55) = $3355.00}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
Deducting therefrom the amount actually paid by the plaintiff's employer }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $(39.06 x 55) = $2148.00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 the amount awarded under this head of }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 special damages'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 is }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $(3355-2148) = $1,207.00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 .
\par 
\par In summary the total awarded for }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 special damages'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 are as follows}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (1)\tab for transportation costs incurred}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 : }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $88.00
\par (2)\tab for the purchase of crutches}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 : }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $30.00
\par (3)\tab for }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 loss of wages'}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  $1,207.00
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 ---------}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 -----------}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-2160\li3600\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin3600\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Total}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  $1,325.00
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 =========}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 ===}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I also award the plaintiff }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 interest on special damages'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  calculated on a rate of }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 3% p.a.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  from the date of his accident until the date of trial, which rounds-off to four }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (4) }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 years and amounts to }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $159.00.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 GENERAL DAMAGES}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par Under this head the plaintiff claims}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "(1)\tab Loss of Future Earnings}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ;}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par (2)\tab Pain and Suffering and Loss of Amenities}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ;}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par (3)\tab Overseas Medical Treatment."}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (1)\tab }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
Loss of Future Earnings}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par In this regard counsel for the plaintiff adopts the }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 favoured method of assessing the sum'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  by the application of a }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 multiplier'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  of }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 15'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  and a }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 multiplicand'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  of }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $17.39'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  per week (}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 i.e.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 28.5%}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  of }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $61.00}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  his pre-accident weekly earnings).
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Defence counsel on the other hand whilst agreeing with the proposed }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 multiplicand'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  submits that }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 a multiplier of 6 is reasonable in the circumstances'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 .
\par 
\par I prefer however to follow what the learned editor of }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Charlesworth on Negligence}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (6th edn.)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  has to say about the assessment of damages for future loss of earnings at }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 para.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 1440}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :
}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "... the normal method of assessment used by the courts is first to calculate as accurate
ly as possible the nett annual loss suffered, which is usually based on an average of the plaintiff's pre-accident }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
take-home' pay, as the multiplicand.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
Next a figure for a multiplier has to be chosen which will be appropriate in all the circumstances havi
ng regard to such matters as the age, the pre-accident state of health, the past work record and the important factor that the plaintiff will be receiving a lump sum payment, which it is expected will be invested."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par As for the }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 multiplicand'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  the clearest, 
most reliable evidence in the case concerning the plaintiffs }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 pre-accident take home pay'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 , confirms the plaintiff's pleading that}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 : }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
"... whilst he was still working for Bajpai as a driver he was earning an income of $61.00 per week ..."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Of this sum he would
 have spent about }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $11.00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  on his own personal expenses leaving a sum of }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $50.00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 per week for the maintenance and upkeep of his family which latter sum I adopt as an appropriate starting figure.
\par 
\par The }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 nett annual loss'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 suffered by the plaintiff on that basis would be }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $(50 x 52) = $2600.00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 which figure I would further reduce having regard to his assessed }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 permanent incapacity'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  thus giving a rounded figure of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $1,900}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 as the appropriate }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 multiplicand'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 .
\par 
\par The choosing of a }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 multiplier'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 is more difficult however having regard to the numerous imponderables that may or may not eventuate in the plaintiff's future life and which the court must necessarily consider in its choice.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Doing the best I can, I adopt a figure of thirteen }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (13)}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  as}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
appropriate in all the circumstances of the case'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 .
\par 
\par The lump sum award for }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 loss of future earnings'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 is accordingly }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $(1,900.00 x 13) = $24,700.00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 This figure}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
must be reduced however by the amount already paid to the plaintiff under the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Workmens}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 '}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  Compensation Act }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (Cap. 94)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  i.e. }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $4,773.00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  so as to avoid any possibility of a double compensation.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  
}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 The final figure therefore for }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 loss of future earnings'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  is}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $(24,700.00 - 4,773.00) = $19,927.00}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 .

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (2)\tab }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
Pain and Suffering and Loss of Amenities}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par In this regard the learned authors of }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 KEMP & KEMP}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  on the }{
\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Quantum of Damages}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (Vol. 1 p.2007, 2-010)}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  states}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
"... the court must take into account, in making its assessment in the case of a particular plaintiff, the pain which he actually suffered and will suffer and the suffering which he has undergone and will undergo."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par and later in dealing with }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Loss of Amenities}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 '}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  the learned authors state }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (Vol. 1 p.2009, 1-008)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "There is a head of damage which is sometimes called the loss of amenities}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ;}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  the man made blind by the accident will no longer be able to see the familiar things he has seen all his life}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ;}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 the man who has had both legs removed will never again go upon his walking excursions - things of that kind - loss of amenities."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par I am mindful however that any assessment of pain is inevitably and largely a subjective matter.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 As }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Dr. WELBY KORWA}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  said in his evidence}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "Pain is a subjective analysis and doctors too differ on their view in awarding for pain and limb."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par and later in cross-examination he said}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "We may be at the mercy of our patients as to what they tell us about the pain they are experiencing."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par In somewhat similar vein }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Salmon L.J.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  said in }{
\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 James v. Woodall Duckham Construction}{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (op. cit.)}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  at }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 p.905}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "It is well known that, although there may be no physical cause for a pain, a man may in reality feel pa
in.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
I am never quite sure what the correct medical term is, but he suffers, for some psychosomatic or neurotic reason, from pain, although as far as his physical condition is concerned, he ought not to be suffering.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Nevertheless he does suffer and it is just as real a pain as is produced e.g. by a broken leg."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par Bearing the above in mind I turn then to consider the evidence in this case which is conveniently summarised in plaintiff's counsel's written submission as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "The plaintiff spent six weeks in C.W.M. Hospital as a patient during which t}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 i}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 me his right hips and right legs were plastered.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 His right leg is now shorter.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
He experiences pain all over his body whenever there is a change of weather}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ;}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 there is still considerable pain coming from his right hip, right knees and ankle}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ; }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 He cannot carry any weight.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Dr. Frank Piscioneri in his report dated 8.2.96 says as follows on the matter}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8792372 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
He is now very disabled by hip pain and this will continue to get worse as time goes on.'"
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par Defence counsel however, whilst accepting that damages are claimable under this head, emphasises the subjective nature of any award and warns the Court to guard against }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (being) fooled and conned by claimants who have a tendency to exaggerate'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  and counsel lists various items of the 
plaintiff's claim and evidence as concrete examples of exaggeration in this case.
\par 
\par I am satisfied however that the plaintiff is entitled to an award under the head of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Pain and Suffering}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 '}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  only.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 The collision between his truck and the bus was on all accounts a violent impact in which both vehicles became entangled with the plaintiff trapped inside the cab of the truck.
\par 
\par In the words of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 PENIASI WAQA}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  the passenger in the plaintiff's truck}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "Plaintiff couldn't move out of his seat after the collision because b
oth his legs had been trapped by the front of our vehicle which had been pushed into the cab.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
We had to pull the crushed front of our truck out using another vehicle and after that we got plaintiff out."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par On admission at the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 C.W.M. Hospital}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  the plaintiff had the following injuries}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "(1)\tab 
Fracture of the right hip (Acetablum) and dislocation of the joint (fracture dislocation).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (2)\tab 
Comminuted fracture of the right tibia at its upper, middle and lower 1/3 rds with lacerations.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (3)\tab Fracture of the neck of the right fibula with associated shock."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par There is not the slightest doubt in my mind having regard to the nature, extent and location of the numerous fractures sustained by the plaintiff, that he would have suffered excruciating pain at the time.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Furthermore as early as }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 February 1993}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  (}{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 See}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  Exhibit }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 G')}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  and as late as }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 February 1996}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (}{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 See}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  Exhibit }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 I')}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  the reviewing doctors noted that the plaintiff walked with a limp and complained of }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 recurrent pain'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 In }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Dr. PISCIONERI's }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 view }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (the)}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  Plaintiff's main disability is }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 pain' as a result of osteoarthritis ..."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par Counsel has referred me to two }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (2)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  local }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
High Court}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  decisions in which sums of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $20,000}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 and }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $10,000}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 were awarded under this head of claim but if I may say so they have been of little guidance or assistance to me.
\par 
\par I have also considered the more recent judgments of the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Fiji Court of Appeal}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  in }{
\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 A.G. v. Waisale Naicegulevu}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
Civil Appeal 22 of 1989}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ; }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Usha Kiran v. A.G}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 .}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Civil Appeal No. 25 of 1989}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  and }{
\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 A.G. v. Paul Praveen Sharma}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
Civil Appeal No. 41 of 1993}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  in which the Court upheld awards of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $25,000}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ;}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $30,000 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
and }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $50,000}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  respectively, for pain and suffering and loss of amenities.
\par 
\par In all the circumstances the most fair, reasonable and proportionate award that I am able to grant to the plaintiff is a sum of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $15,000}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  for pain and suffering together with interest at the rate of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 4% p.a.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  from the issuance of the }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Writ}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 until the date of judgment }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (i.e. approx. 2 years)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  giving a total sum of}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $16,200}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  under this head.}{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (3)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Overseas Medical Treatment
\par 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 In so far as this claim is concerned there is no mention of it in the }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Statement of Claim}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  nor from the evidence does it appear to have seriously occurred either to the plaintiff or his counsel as even a remote possibility until such treatment was recommended in }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Dr. PISCIONERI's }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 report }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (}{
\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 See}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Exhibit }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 J')}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 No effort was made to amend the }{
\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Statement of Claim}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  to reflect this claim.
\par 
\par Indeed the first inkling of such a claim was first raised at the trial of the action during the evidence {\*\bkmkstart QuickMark}{\*\bkmkend QuickMark}of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Dr. PISCIONERI }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 and the plaintiff himself.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Such evidence as was prof}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 f}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 ered was necessarily sketchy and in any event }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Dr. PISCIONERI}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  testified}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  }{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 "}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (the plaintiff) }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
can survive without hip replacement surgery"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  and even with the operation }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372 '}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (the plaintiff's) }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 hip will never be normal again'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
.
\par 
\par There is also a good deal of force in defendant counsel's submission}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
"... that the Plaintiff has made no effort to get a hip replacement when he was given a lump sum in 1993 of $4,773.00 and ... has attributed }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (sic)}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  to his circumstances."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par In the circumstances the plaintiff's claim under this head is disallowed.
\par 
\par In summary the court's award under the various heads is as follows}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (1)\tab }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
Special Damages}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (a)\tab Transportation Costs}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 : }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $88.00
\par (b)\tab Purchase of Crutches}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 : }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $30.00
\par (c)\tab Loss of Wages}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 : }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $1,207.00
\par (d)\tab Interest on (a)}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ;}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  (b)}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 & (c)}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 : }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $159.00
\par }\pard \ql \li3600\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin3600\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8792372  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 ---------}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ------------}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Total}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 $1,484.00
\par =========}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127\charrsid6702127 ====}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (2)\tab }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
General Damages}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (a)\tab Loss of Future Earnings}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  $19,927.00
\par (b)\tab Pain and Suffering}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  $15,000.00
\par (c)\tab Interest on (b)}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 : }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $1,200.00
\par }\pard \ql \li3600\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin3600\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 ----------}{
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 ------------}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Total}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 :}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
 $36,127.00
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127  ==========}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127\charrsid6702127 ===}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 Judgment is accordingly entered in favour of the plaintiff against the defendants in the sum of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 $37,611.00}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127  with costs to be taxed if not agreed.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx3968\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 (D.V. Fatiaki)
\par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 JUDGE}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010\charrsid6702127 At Suva,
\par 2nd May, 1997.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3868010 
\par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6702127 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127 HBC0159J.95S}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6702127\charrsid6702127 
\par }}