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Parshotam for Plaintiff \par Defendant in Person \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 This is an }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Originating Summons}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 issued by the plaintiff bank in a }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 mortgage action'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 under }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Order 88}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 of the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 High Court Rules}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 seeking an order for the delivery of possession of land and premises occupied by the defendant and subject to a registered mortgage grant ed by the defendant in favour of the plaintiff bank to secure repayment to the plaintiff bank of all loans, advances, charges and interest lent, made to, or payable by }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 M. Ismail Industries Limited}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 to the plaintiff bank. \par \par In such an action }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Order 88 r.3}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 expressly provides that the affidavit in support of the originating summons.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 MUST}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 {\*\bkmkstart QuickMark}{\*\bkmkend QuickMark}"(2)\tab ... exhibit a true copy of the mortgage }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 and}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 the original mortgage ... \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (3)\tab ... }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 show the circumstances}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 under which the right to possession arises }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 and}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 ... the }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 state of the account}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 between the mortgagor and mortgagee}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 with particulars of - \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (a)\tab the amount of the advance, \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (b)\tab the amount of the periodic payments required to be made,}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (c)\tab the a}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 mount of any interest or instal}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 ments in arrears at the date of issue of the originating summons and at the date of the affidavit, and \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (d)\tab the amount remaining due under the mortgage." \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (my emphasis) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par There is little doubt in my mind that the affidavit in this instance falls well-short of complying with the mandatory terms of the above rule (}{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 per}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Goulding J.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 in }{ \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Nationwide Building Society v. Bateman}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (1978) 1 W.L.R. 394}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 at 396 and 398). \par \par For instance, the }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 original mortgage'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 is not annexed to the affidavit }{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 nor}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 has any serious effort been made in the affidavit to provide particulars of the }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 "state of the account"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 }{ \i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 nor}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 in my considered view, does }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 para.}{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4403761 }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 7}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 of the affidavit come anywhere near }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 "showing the circumstances under which the right to possession arises ..."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par \par No }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 demand notice'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 has been annexed to the affidavit yet that is the critical event upon which the mortgage monies becomes due and payable (}{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 See}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 : }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Clause 1) and from when any }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 default'}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 under the mortgage can be said to arise so as to entitle the plaintiff bank }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (as mortgagee)}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 to exercise its powers under the mortgage including its rights under }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Clause 12}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 This is especially so in a }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 third party mortgage'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 situation where the mortgagor may not necessarily be related to or associated with the bank's actual customer.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633\charrsid2173633 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 As was said by }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Bankes L.J.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 in }{ \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Bradford Old Bank v. Sutcliffe}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (1916) 2 K.B. 833}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 at }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 p.844}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 :}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 "In my opinion the document, both from its nature and from its language, indicates that the guarantors stipulated for a demand being made upon them before the bank could enforce the guarantee against them.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 The authorities from very early times a re, I think, clear that in a case like the present an actual demand before action has always been considered necessary."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par Be that as it may }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Jayaratne J.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (as he then was) }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 acted on a similar affidavit in granting an order for possession under }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Order 88 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 in }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 A.N.Z. v. Shantilal}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Civil Action 265 of 1990}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 and in the circumstances, I too shall proceed to deal with the merits of this application notwithstanding the various shortcomings of the affidavit in support. \par \par I begin with the decision of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Goff L.J.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 in }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Western Bank Ltd. v. Schindler}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (1977) 1 Ch. 1}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 where his lordship said of a mortgagee's right to possession of the mortgaged property at }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 p.20}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 :}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 "It has for a very long time been established law that a mortgagee has a proprietary right at common law as owner of the legal estate to go into possession of the mortgaged property.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 This right has been unequivocally recognised in a number of modern cases}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 :}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 see, for example, }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Four Maids Ltd. v. Dudley Marshall (Properties Ltd}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 .}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (1957) Ch. 317.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 ... It has nothing to do with default}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 :}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 See per Harman J. in the }{\b\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Four-Maids}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 case where he said, at p.320}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 :}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4403761 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 The mortgagee may go into possession before the ink is dry on the mortgage unless there is something in the contract, express or by implication, whereby he has contracted out of that right.'"}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par In this instance not only has the mortgagee }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 not}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 contracted out of its common law right to possession but, in addition }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Clause 12}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 of the mortgage expressly empowers the plaintiff bank in the event of a default in repayment:}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 "(a)\tab (to) enter into poss ession of the mortgaged land by receiving the rents and profits thereof}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 ;}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 or \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (b)\tab distrain upon the occupier or tenant of the said land for the rent then due}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 ;}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 or \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (c)\tab bring an action of ejectment to recover the said land ... in the same manner in which the Bank might have brought such action if the principal sum were secured to the Bank by a conveyance of the legal estate in the mortgaged land}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 ;}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 "}{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 These contractual rights are further reinforced by the terms of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Section 75}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 of the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Property Law Act}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (Cap. 130)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 which provides}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 :}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 "A mortgagee, upon default in payment of the mortgage money or any part thereof, may enter into possession of the mortgaged land by receiving the rents and profits thereof or may distrain upon the occupier or tenant of the said land for th e rent then due."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par In }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Shantilal's}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 case }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (op. cit)}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Jayaratne J.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 speaking of the procedure under }{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Order 88}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 said (at }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 p.7}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 )}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 "Order 88 of the High Court Rules only deal with actions relating to mortgages.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 it gives mortgagees the right to claim possession without being the registered proprietor with or without foreclosures.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 To that extent Order 88 is available to him.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Nothing can inhibit him from utilising Order 88."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par Furthermore in }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Schindler's case}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (op. cit)}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Buckley L.J.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 recognised the utility of such a remedy when he said at }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 p.9}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 "A legal mortgagee's right to possession is a common law right which is an incident to his estate in the land.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 It should not be lightly treated as abrogated or restricted.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Although it is perhaps most commonly exercised as a preliminary step to an exercise of the mortgagee's power of sale, so that the sale may be made with vacant possession, this is not its only value to the mortgagee.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 The mortgagee may wish to protect his security ...}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 He might wish to take possession for the purpose of carrying out repairs or to prevent waste."}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 In this latter regard an executive of the plaintiff bank deposed in the affidavit filed in support of the Summons that the defendant had defaulted under the mortgage and was causing serious }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 "economic waste"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 to the premises.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Further that the bank had accepted an offer to purchase the mortgaged premises together with a cash deposit and the bank was required to give vacant possession of the property and finally, that a }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 '}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 notice to quit'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 was served on the defendant and despite its expiration the defendant continues to occupy the premises. \par \par None of the above matters were denied by the defendant in his affidavit filed in opposition other than to refer to a pending civil action instituted against the plaintiff bank concerning the same mortgage and, a somewhat cryptic claim (that)}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 "(6)\tab The Plaintiff did not take its interest to safeguard the Debenture being the most valuable security in to exercise its powers under the said Debenture is a breach of its estoppel."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par I confess to some difficulty in understanding the meaning of the above paragraph but in any event the mortgage makes it quite clear that the monies secured under it are the same as that secured by a debenture given by }{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 M. Ismail Industries Ltd.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 to the plaintiff bank over its entire assets, and continues}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 "... any default thereunder (i.e. the debenture) shall be deemed to be a default hereunder (i.e. the mortgage) and the Bank may upon any default hereunder and thereunder exercise its rights, powers and remedies bot h thereunder and hereunder either together or separately and in such order as it may think fit."}{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 In the circumstances there was no contractual duty on the plaintiff bank requiring it first to resort to or enforce its debenture }{ \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 before}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 seeking to exercise i ts rights and powers under the mortgage, nor, given the particular circumstances of the company's assets }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (i.e. "... Westpac Banking Corporation has ... locked and taken possession of the business premises ...")}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 , can there be any justification whatsoever fo r this Court to intervene on the basis of }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 estoppel'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 or by implying a term as to the particular order in which the plaintiff bank may realise its securities. \par \par Whatsmore it has long been settled since }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Lockhart v. Hardy}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (1846) 73 R.R. 379}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 that}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 "Where a debt is secured by mortgage, covenant, and bond, the mortgagee may pursue all his remedies at the same.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 If he obtains full payment on the bond or covenant, the mortgagor becomes entitled to the estate, but if he obtain part payment only, he may go on with his foreclosure suit and foreclose for the remainder."}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par Notwithstanding the above, the }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 reality'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 of this case, is that there are no readily available company assets upon which the bank's debenture could crystallise}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 ;}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 }{ \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 nor}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 is}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 there an existing operating business which might justify the appointment of a manager/receiver under the bank's debenture.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Quite simply, the only security available to the plaintiff bank to realise, is its mortgage over the defendant's personal property. \par \par Furthermore if the plaintiff bank were required to await the outcome of the defendant's claim in }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Civil Action No. 97/92}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 , the Court would, in learned counsel's submission, in effect, be restraining the bank from exercising its powers and rights as a mortgagee without the usual protection affor ded a mortgagee under such an order }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 i.e.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 by payment into Court of the amount claimed by the bank. \par \par In my view the legality or otherwise of }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Westpac's}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 actions in }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 '} {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 closing down'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 the defendant's business operation}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (which is the subject of a separate Civil Action No. 414/90)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 is an irrelevancy, and the plaintiff bank should not be required to await the outcome of those proceedings }{ \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 nor}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 , is it either just or proper to allow by a }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 '}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 side-wind'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 an injunction which the defendant has not seen fit to apply for in a properly constituted application. \par \par It need hardly be said that the defendant as a }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 mortgagor'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 is always entitled to redeem the mortgaged property at any time, before it is actually sold or transferred by the bank, upon payment of all moneys due and owing under the mortgage. \par \par In all the circumstances the order of this Court is that the defendant do deliver to the plaintiff bank vacant possession of all the property comprised in }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 C.T.}{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4403761 }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 8063}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 situated at }{ \b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 2 Matanitobua Street}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 on or before the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 6th of March 1995}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 and further}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 that the defendant, his servants, agents and employees be restrained from in any way}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 damaging, removing or interfer}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 ing with the improvements on the said property in any way so as to diminish its value. \par \par For the sake of completeness the defendant's }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2173633 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 Summons to Strike Out'}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 this action dated the }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 14th of November, 1994}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 is dismissed with costs to the plaintiff bank to be taxed if not agreed. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx3969\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 (D.V. Fatiaki) \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 JUDGE}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 At Suva, \par 9th February, 1995.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2173633 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid487482 HBC0331J.94S}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9927828\charrsid2173633 \par }}