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{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.4219;}{\info{\title KYLIEJANE ANDERSON V IOWANE SALAITOGA [04 MAY 94]}{\subject DAMAGES POLICE}{\author JOHN E. BYRNE}
{\doccomm    IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI;  ( AT SUVA );  CIVIL JURISDICTION; ACTION NO. 353 OF 1989; BETWEEN :     KYLIE JANE ANDERSON  of 73 Ford Street,;   Ivanhoe, Victoria, Australia, formerly;   c/  G.P. Lala & Associates, Solicitors,;   94 Waimanu
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 (AT SUVA)
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par ACTION NO. 353 OF 1989
\par 
\par BETWEEN:
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 KYLIE-JANE ANDERSON}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249\charrsid1051249 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 of 73 Ford Street,}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Ivanhoe, Victoria, Australia, formerly
\par c/- G.P. Lala & Associates, Solicitors,
\par 94 Waimanu Road, Suva}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Plaintiff
\par 
\par AND
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 IOWANE SALAITOGA}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249\charrsid1051249 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 c/- Vatukoula Gold}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Mines, Vatukoula, Welfare Officer}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par D.E. Curtain and R. Gopal: For the Plaintiff
\par R. Krishna and V. Mishra: For the Defendant
\par 
\par Dates of Hearing: 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th November,}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 23rd December 1993}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249 ,}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par 24th January, 25th February and}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 18th April 1994
\par Date of Judgment: 4th May 1994
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 JUDGMENT}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The Plaintiff who is now aged 28 claims damages for personal injuries which she suffered in a motor vehicle accident on Queens Road between Sigatoka and Suva on the 3rd of May 1987.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 At the time the Plaintiff was driving a small four-wheel jeep, which she was renting from Avis-Rent-a-Car, from Sigatoka to Suva.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
About 5 kilometres on the Suva side of the Navua bridge and at a point which I find to be approximately 60 metres on}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 the Suva side of 
what is now called the Warwick Hotel her jeep collided with a Nissan Blue Bird Station Wagon driven by the Defendant which was travelling from Suva towards Sigatoka.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The Plaintiff suffered serious injuries in the accident which she alleges was due to the negligence of the Defendant.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The Defendant denies negligence.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  
}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I shall now summarise the evidence given before me.
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\par }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 THE ACCIDENT}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The Plaintiff herself has no recollection of the accident having suffered retrograde amnesia as a result of the accident.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Her la
st recollection of events before the accident was of leaving the driveway of the former Hyatt Regency Hotel and moving on to Queens Road with the intention of driving to Suva.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Her next brief recollection was of lying on her stomach and asking her girlfriend who was a passenger with her in the jeep where they were.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The only eye witnesses called by the Plaintiff and the Defendant as to the circumstances of the accident were a Mr. Liam Sears of Vancouver, Canada who was a passenger sitting in the rear seat of the Plaintiff's jeep and the Defendant.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Sitting next to Mr. Sears was another passenger a Miss Nathale Florin.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Mr. Sears was sitting on the rear passenger seat of the jeep on the left with Miss Florin sitting opposite on the off side.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Another passenger Julie Davidson, a friend of the}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Plaintiff, was sitting next to the Plaintiff in the front seat of the vehicle.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Neither Miss Davidson nor Miss Florin was called to give evidence for the Plaintiff but two other witnesses were called by the parties to give evide
nce of what they saw at the scene of the accident shortly after it occurred.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
They were a Mr. John Francis Byrne of Suva who was driving from Pacific Harbour towards Sigatoka and a Mr. Ramasi Vitale of Lobau, Queens Road, Navua who lived near to the scene of the accident and came down to the scene shortly after hearing a crash.

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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
In opening the Plaintiff's case her senior counsel stated that in addition to the witnesses Sears and Byrne the Plaintiff would also call a Mr. Subarmani Murgassa who would say that 
he was travelling behind the vehicle driven by the Plaintiff who was driving at a moderate pace on the correct side of the road when the accident occurred.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Counsel said that Mr. Murgassa would state that he saw the vehicle driven by the Defendant travellin
g at a high speed, cross over from its correct side to its incorrect side of the road and then hit the vehicle driven by the Plaintiff. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
In the event Mr. Murgassa did not give evidence at all and this was made the subject of adverse comment by counsel for the Defendant; I shall refer to this later.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Liam Sears stated that on the 3rd of May 1987 with his friend Nathale Florin he had left Tabakula Resort near Sigatoka and was waiting for the public bus to go to Suva.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The vehicle driven by the Plaintiff stopped and the Plaintiff gave Mr. Sears and Miss Florin a lift.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Mr. Sears said that the Plaintiff's vehicle was a Suzuki Samarai 4WD small jeep which had provision for four passengers including the driver.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Mr. Sears stated that he had an unobstructed view between the two front seats.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He was not wearing a seat belt because he did not believe there was one at the back seat but he believed the Plaintiff and her companion in the front seat were wearing seat belts.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Mr. Sears said that they left Sigatoka between 9 a
nd 10 a.m. and took between 35 and 45 minutes to reach the Hyatt Regency Hotel where they stopped for about 15 minutes during which one of the hotel staff put on the soft top of the Plaintiff's jeep because there had been some light rain earlier.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 After leaving the hotel they moved on to Queens road and headed towards Suva.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Mr. Sears said that at the time of the accident he was aged 23 and had held a driving licence in Canada for 5 years.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He estimated that approximately at midday when visibility was perfect 
and the road mostly dry except for a little moisture on the edges and on the centre line the accident occurred.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The road was sealed and he remembered that there was a dividing line but could not remember whether at the scene of the accident this was broken.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He said there was room for one car travelling in each direction to pass and that approaching the scene of the accident the Plaintiff was travelling at 70 kilometres per hour which Mr. Sears regarded as a comfortable speed.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that as a driver he felt no apprehension.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The Plaintiff was travelling in the middle of her lane.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
As they approached the scene of the accident Mr. Sears noticed a small truck approaching the Plaintiff's vehicle.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Suddenly another vehicle pulled out from behind the truck and attempted to overtake it.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 It was unsuccessful and as a consequence it hit the Plaintiff's vehicle.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
As an experienced driver Mr. Sears expressed the opinion that the driver of the overtaking vehicle, whom I find to have been the Defendant, had no time to safely
 overtake the vehicle, was accelerating in an effort to pass the truck and that the whole of the overtaking vehicle, whose speed he estimated at between 90 and 100 kilometres per hour, was on the Plaintiff's side of the road.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 There was a heavy impact on the left side of the lane going towards Suva.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He said the two vehicles hit head on and that the overtaking vehicle took no evasive action but was accelerating so as to try to get in front of the vehicle it was overtaking.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Mr. Sears said that there was then a sickening impact and the Plaintiff's vehicle was thrown about 28 feet back on its left hand side into a ditch.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The Defendant's vehicle stopped in the centre of the road and it spun sideways across the road and was straddling the road.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In cross-examinati
on Mr. Sears said that the overtaking vehicle must have been doing over 100 kilometres per hour.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
It was not slowing or swerving to the left.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Mr. Sears said that the Defendant's vehicle was overtaking on the wrong side of the road for about 80 feet before the collision.
\par 
\par The witness stated that he did remember that the left head light of the Defendant's vehicle was on the centre of the road but at a slight angle.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The Defendant was definitely on the wrong side of the road and there was insufficient room on her left hand side for the Plaintiff to go through.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Mr. Sears s}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6642681 
aid he was positive about this.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He denied that the Plaintiff was in the process of overtaking a minibus and was on her wrong side of the road when the accident occurred.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He was definite that the Defendant was on his incorrect side.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He said when the Defendant swerved on the incorrect side he was approximately 50 to 100 feet from the Plaintiff's vehicle and it was thus impossible for the Plaintiff to avoid the accident.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He repeated that the Plaint
iff was not driving at a very high speed and said that there were no beer bottles in the Plaintiff's vehicle nor had the Plaintiff or anybody else to his knowledge had any alcohol before the accident.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that for a person of his size he was cramped in
 the Suzuki but denied a suggestion that his view of the road ahead had been obstructed by the head of Julie Davidson.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that after the accident he had gone to Melbourne and visited the Plaintiff with his brother-in-law and had stayed with her parents at Ivanhoe.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The Plaintiff was not there at the time but he met her on two occasions and he thought she may have come to her parents house for dinner with her boyfriend.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 As a result of the collision Mr. Sears himself was injured, suffering a shattered ri
ght femur and dislocated left shoulder and he was taken to the CWM hospital in Suva and after 12 days was escorted back to Canada.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He has also taken civil action against the present Defendant.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He stated that he did not speak to the Defendant after the accident but saw the Plaintiff clutching the wheel of her vehicle and slumped forw}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6642681 ard over the wheel unconscious.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par 
\par Mr. Sears could not remember whether the Plaintiff overtook any vehicle from Tabakula until the accident occurred.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He could not say positively that the Plaintiff's vehicle did not overtake a minibus immediately before the accident.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He denied a}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 suggestion by counsel for the Defendant that he had been in conversation with the Plaintiff or that Julie Davidson and Nathale Florin were conversing with the Plaintiff.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said the Plaintiff may have spoken a few words during the journey but these were only pleasantries.
}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He said that the Plaintiff was not driving constantly at 70 kilometres per hour but had slowed down for pedestrians and animals which they passed on their way.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He stated that he could judge the approximate speed of all on-coming vehicles and was sure the Defendant must have been doing over 100 kilometres per hour or between 90 to 100 kilometres per hour.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said judging by the impact the Defendant must have been travelling at a fairly fast speed.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He remembered Mr. John Byrne arriving at the scene and assisting to rescue the injured persons.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
When pressed about his recollection of events immediately before the accident he stated that he was sure the Defendant's vehicle was still accelerating to return to his lane in front of the truck.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He said that he saw the left hand head- light of the Defendant's vehicle on the centre line of the road coming on a slight angle towards the Plaintiff's vehicle.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He stated that it was the force of the crash which caused the Plaintiff's vehicle to be pushed back 28 feet.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The evidence of the Defendant was a direct contradiction of that of Mr. Sears.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that his wife was sitting beside him in the front seat of the
ir Station Wagon and that they were travelling with their four children.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He stated that they had left Suva about 10.00 a.m. and that his wife and he were wearing seat belts.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Just before the scene of the accident which was near Lobau, Navua, he had been descending a mild slope and at the bottom of it had to negotiate a right hand bend.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 After doing so the road became straight ahead.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 At this straight stretch his speed was between 65 and 70 kilometres per hour.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The road was tarsealed and the weather calm.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The road was slightly damp and it was cloudy.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 After he had travelled along the straight stretch for about 1 chain the accident happened.}
{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
There was no vehicle in front of him as he drove towards Sigatoka; nor was there any vehicle behind him.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He saw a minibus coming in the opposite direction from Sigatoka towards Suva and a white car following the minibus about 2 to 8 chains behind it.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Apart from these two vehicles he saw no other vehicle proceeding towards Suva.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Mr. Salaitoga was on the correct side of the road and then something happened.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He said that suddenly when he looked at the minibus, "I saw a red jeep trying to overtake it from the back of the minibus".}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He repeated this statement as though to emphasise it.
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6642681 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 When he saw the jeep pulling out and coming on to Mr. Salaitoga's side Mr. Salaitoga stepped on his brake so as to reduce his speed.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
A collision occurred, the jeep hitting the right hand side of Mr. Salaitoga's vehicle before the jeep reached its own side.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that the right hand side of the front of his car hit the jeep.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 By "front" he meant the front head light of his car and half the front of his car.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The force of the impact pushed back the engine of his car.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said immediately before the accident his vehicle was just near the centre line on his
 correct side.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He also said that there was only a short time between when he saw first the jeep until the collision.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that his car stopped dead at the point of the impact.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He was injured and could not get out of his car but his wife and their children got out; they suffered internal injuries.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He said that the jeep went over the road on its own side, its engine pushed back and the right hand side front door jammed.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The engine of the Defendant's car hit his leg so that he could not move.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said the car was turned to the centre of the road with the front facing the hills on his right.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said the minibus came on to his right hand side and parked in front of him on its correct side.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that after the collision the red jeep was lying at the side of the road off the tarsealed portion.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The jeep was lying more towards Suva.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
In cross-examination he stated that on the 7th of May 1987 an Inspector Singh visited him in the CWM Hospital Suva and told him that he wanted to take a statement from Mr. Salaitoga.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said he could not remember whether Inspector Singh had served him with any notice of intended prosecution because he was heavily drugged.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Inspector Singh had asked him what had happened but the witness requested him to see him again after two weeks when he would speak to him.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He denied telling Inspector Singh that he did not know how the accident had happened.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He also said that he told his insurance company and his lawyers in a written statement about the white car which he said had been following the Plaintiff.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He had made the statement when he received the Writ in the action.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 At this stage counsel for the Plaintiff called for production of the statement.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I upheld an objection from Defence counsel to its production on the ground of privilege.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The witness continued that he believed the Plaintiff was totally to blame for the accident.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He also agreed that not one person travelling in his car including himself had made any claim for damages for personal injuries on the Plaintiff.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He then stated that in fact he had made a claim on behalf of his family through a solicitor but had not received any money as a result of the claim.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that he had alleged in his statement the Plaintiff was overtaking another vehicle.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He did not know why this was not alleged in the Statement of Defence.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He maintained that he was not travelling more than 65 kilometres per hour shortly before the accident.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The evidence of Mr. John Byrne on behalf of the Plaintiff was that he had been driving along Queens Road towards Sigatoka from Pacific Harbour on the day of the accident.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 When he reached the scene he saw a red Suzuki 4WD soft top and the Defendant's Station Wagon at the scene of the accident.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said there was debris on the road with some concentration in the Suva-bound carriage-way.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He said that the Suzuki was further over on the left hand side about 10 feet off the road in the Suva-bound carriage-way.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The Defendant's Station Wagon was approximately in the middle of the road.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He saw a female in the driver's side of the Suzuki and a seat belt fitted to the driver's side.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He remembered this because there had been attempts to take her out of the jeep.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He had tried to cut the seat belt with a cane knife and he saw that the driver of the Suzuki was secured in her seat by a seat belt.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She was bleeding from her nose and mouth and there was other blood around her.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Her left elbow was trapped at the joint and he could see white bone.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He thought that her right knee was crushed against the dashboard.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He helped to get the Plaintiff out of the vehicle and transported to hospital.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He said that he arrived at the scene of the accident at about midday and it was a few miles on the southern side of Navua about 60 metres from the entrance to the Hyatt Regency Hotel on Queens Road towards Suva.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In cross-examination he stated that he was at the scene for over an hour.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Police came later.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said the Suzuki was about 10 feet off the road or a little more from the edge of the tar-sealed road and right off the road.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The white vehicle or Station Wagon was closer to Suva and in the middle of the road.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The front part of the Station Wagon was facing towards Sigatoka at an angle towards the right coming from Suva.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said he was sure that each lane of the road was about 12 feet wide.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that the white car was about 18 feet closer to Suva than the jeep. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The inside of the jeep had been pushed in so Mr. Byrne presumed that its right-hand side must have been damaged.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He remembered very well that the front portion of the jeep where the Plaintiff's legs were had been pushed in under the dashboard where she sat.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He was asked whether he could remember seeing any bottles or any oil or water spillage on the road but he said he could not.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The other witness called to describe the position of the vehicles after the ac
cident was Ramasi Vitale who said that he had been asked to give evidence two weeks before the hearing.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He lived at Lobau in a house about 10 steps from the main road.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 At the time of the accident he had been employed by the Fiji Electricity Authority but had now retired and lived on his farm.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 On the day of the accident he heard the noise of the impact and immediately went to the scene.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 There he saw a minibus parked in front of a white car on the Sigatoka-bound side of the road.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He saw a red jeep turned on its side on the Suva-bound side of the road.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said the car driven by the Defendant was facing towards its right side or hill side of the road.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The jeep was on the grass about 12 feet from the sealed edge of the road with its front facing towards Suva.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 It was on its left side.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that in relation to the Defendant's car the jeep was lying more towards the Suva side of the road.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 When he arrived at the scene he saw some broken glass and beer bottles on the road.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The bottles had come from the jeep.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 When 
it was suggested to him in cross-examination that all debris was closer to the hill side of the road he disagreed.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said broken glass was all over the road and that the Defendant's vehicle was lying at an angle about 30}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 176 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249  towards Sigatoka.
}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He rejected any
 evidence that the Defendant's vehicle had been facing at a right angle after the accident.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 THE PLAINTIFF'S INJURIES}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The Plaintiff suffered serious injuries as a result of the accident and these are set out in the various medical reports tendered on behalf of the Plaintiff and the Defendant.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
In addition, the doctor who looked after the Plaintiff in Suva intermittently and who accompanied her from Fiji to the Austin Hospital in Melbourne gave evidence as did the orthopaedic surgeon who treated her in Melbourne, Mr. J.D. Robin.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
I shall mention in some detail the evidence given by Mr. Robin and more briefly that of Dr. Prakash who was Surgical Registrar at the CWM Hospital at the time the Plaintiff was admitted there but an idea of the extent of the Plaintiff
's injuries can be gathered from the report given by Dr. Prakash on the 13th of March 1992.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
These and her treatment on arrival at the CWM Hospital are as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 "(1)\tab Fractured right clavicle.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 (2)\tab Ten centimetre long laceration on the forehead; deep,}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 soiled with debris.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 (3)\tab Compound injury to left elbow - a ten centimetre}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 laceration on left elbow, with comminuted fractures of lower left humerus and olecranon.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 (4)\tab Compound injury to right knee.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 A twenty centimetre}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 laceration across the right patella exposing the knee joint and fragmenting the articular surface of lower femur.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 (5)\tab Laceration on the upper lip.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 (6)\tab Fractures of tarsal bones of left ankle.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid162051 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 (7)\tab Pott's fracture of right ankle.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 (8)\tab Fractured right upper}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1863058  first incisor and left second }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 lower incisor teeth.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid162051 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 (9)\tab Concussion secondary to head injury."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par The following treatment was given to the Plaintiff while she was in the CWM Hospital:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 "(1)\tab Vital signs were closely monitored for head injury.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Intravenous antibiotics were given.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Tetanus Toxoid injection was given.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 (2)\tab Forehead laceration was cleaned and sutured.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 (3)\tab Compound fractures of left elbow: small bony fragments}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 were excised and joint cavity irrigated with saline.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 P.O.P. (Plaster of Paris) Back Slab was applied to the left arm and forearm.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 (4)\tab Compound injury to righ}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1863058 t knee: all small fragments of }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 bones were excised.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Joint capsule was sutured.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Patella wired and patella ligament repaired with nylon.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 P.O.P. Back Slab applied to right leg/thigh.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 (5)\tab Laceration on upper lip was sutured with catgut.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 (6)\tab Tarsal bone fractures was manipulated externally and}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Plaster Slab applied.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 (7)\tab P.O.P. Back Slab was applied to right leg/foot for}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 stabilisation of right Pott's Fracture."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par The report continues:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 "Kylie continued to have intravenous antibiotics while in the ward.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She recovered from concussion gradually, but still had residual effects seven days after injury.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid162051 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
She was transferred to Austin Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, on 10/5/87 for further specialised treatment.
\par 
\par I had looked after Kylie at the C.W.M. Hospital}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
intermittently as a surgical registrar; and I also accompanied her to Australia as a medical escort (Kylie being disorientated; immobile, and bound to a stretcher.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid162051 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid162051 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 During the Suva-Nadi-Melbourne journey, Kylie remained disorientated, 
although reacting to stimuli, was in pain due to her injuries, and needed continuous case for her drips and indwelling urinary catheter.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid162051 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid162051 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I had remained in Melbourne for at least a week; and it}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 was only towards the end of the week in Australia that Kylie seemed to become better orientated.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 However, she still had a marked degree of retrograde amnesia.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid162051 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid162051 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Of all the surgical procedures done in Fiji, many were}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 either redone and/or improved/modified at Austin Hospital (e.g. knee, foot and elbow fractures).

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid162051 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid162051 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Kylie was expected to undergo a prolonged period of}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 treatment and convalescence at Austin Hospital."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par Dr. Prakash gave evidence confirming what he had stated in his report but elaborating on some parts of the report.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that on part of the lacerations on the Plaintiff's forehead one could see her skull.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that for the first three days in the hospital the Plaintiff was semi-conscious.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 On the fourth day the level of her consciousness improved so that she could respond to verbal stimuli but she remained 
disorientated for the whole of the week which demonstrated the severity of the injuries she had suffered.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 When she was transferred under the care of Dr. Prakash to Melbourne after a week she was still disorientated and in pain requiring continuous use of d
rips and urinary catheter.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said it was important to determine the urine output.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Her mother had come from Melbourne to be with her after hearing of her accident, and he said that Mrs. Anderson's presence was a help to the Plaintiff in the hospital because she talked to her and aroused her.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
She had been taken from Suva to Nadi by road in a vehicle, the journey taking five hours because of the need to disturb the Plaintiff as little as possible.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Dr. Prakash said that on the flight to Melbourne in addition t
o monitoring the drips and attending to the urinary bag the Plaintiff had to be given sedation injections to elevate her pains.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Mr. Joseph Robin gave evidence of the treatment he had given the Plaintiff following her arrival in Melbourne.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Two reports of M
r. Robin to the Plaintiff's solicitors were tendered and I shall not refer to these reports in detail but will refer to part of his evidence in which he commented on not only his report but that of Mr. Peter Battlay another orthopaedic surgeon of Melbourn
e who examined the Plaintiff on behalf of the Defendant.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Both Mr. Robin and Mr. Battlay are highly qualified doctors and are Fellows of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 On pages 3 to 6 of his report of the 13th of May 1992 Mr. Robin gives details of the Plaintiff's injuries as he found them.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He there states his opinion:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
"Following transfer to the Austin Hospital a week after the accident, she subsequently required seven operations to correct and improve the situation following the relatively prim
itive treatment received for these injuries in Suva, due to her severely precarious state from head injuries and septicaemia immediately following the accident.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Following these multiple operations and extensive periods of rehabilitation, her condition now 
appears to be stabilised to a certain extent, although (see below) there will be some gradual deterioration particularly with respect to her left elbow and right knee in the future, due to the progression of degenerative o}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1863058 steoarthritis in these joints."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par He then continues on page 6:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
"Thus she remains severely disabled with respect to her left elbow and right knee and has considerable difficulty with mobility in normal everyday activities such as walking, climbing stairs, getting in and out of chairs and ca
rs, and difficulties with recreational activities virtually eliminating all sports, apart from swimming, which she can only do with difficulty.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Her left elbow problem produces difficulty with normal every day activities involving grooming, personal hygiene
, dressing and household activities, not to mention those at work, despite which she is able to maintain a job as a Secretary for the moment.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The prognosis for her left elbow and right knee injuries in particular is poor, and neither is likely to improve w
ith time, or further surgical treatment, as outlined above, with the exception of the right knee which may subsequently be improved by replacement arthroplasty, if and when the time occurs that this is required.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 As such, her future life is similarly likely
 to be affected and hampered by these disabilities, with possible problems arising with respect to future jobs, and possibly matrimony, not to mention the existing problems of every-day function.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Her present permanent disability, assessed in percentage te
rms, with respect to her right shoulder is zero, with respect to the left foot is 5%, the right ankle and heel is 25%, the right knee is 85%, and the left elbow 90% disability.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The total in terms of whole-body impairment being approximately a 50% to 55% permanent impairment.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Note, this disability assessment does not take into account any other injuries such as dental or facial injuries, or the effects of her emotional or psychological state due to the pain, suffering and other effects of the trauma of the a
ccident, which could considerably increase her whole-body impairment beyond that quoted by myself, which relates purely to her orthopaedic injuries."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par In his report to the Defendant's insurer Mr. Battlay states:}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1863058\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 "Ms Anderson has obtained less than optimum
 results from her left elbow and right knee cap fractures, which is likely to be due largely to the nature of the fractures themselves, but also contributed to by the delay in her obtaining definitive treatment.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Her left elbow has mobilized very poorly.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 T
he commencing osteoarthritis at the elbow joint is producing symptoms and is likely to continue to do so without potential for later surgical relief.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The degree of flexion of the elbow is such that the non-dominant left hand cannot be brought to the mouth 
for eating, to the head to allow her to comb her hair, or to her neck to do up jewellery and the like.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Symptomatic relief will only be obtained from taking anti-inflammatory medication.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 It is likely that the level of pain in the left elbow will increase with the advancement of degenerative changes at the joint.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 However, the range of movements is likely to be maintained.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The right ankle injury, while may lead to some discomfort, is not complicated by any secondary osteo-arthritis and bearing in mind the pro
blem which she has with her knee, is unlikely to trouble her in the future, and not likely to require further treatment.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Ms Anderson's knee has mobilized poorly to the extent where she will have difficulty getting into and out of motor cars and difficulty driving a manual vehicle.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
She has quite established patello-femoral osteo-arthritis, and this may require arthroscopic chonroplasty and/or patellectomy or patellar re-surfacing.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 However, these measures may not be undertaken in view of the likelihood that
 she will also develop lateral compartment osteo-arthritis at later age, with a possibility that she will require prosthetic replacement of the knee in later life, hopefully not before her 50's, as knee arthroplasties have a fairly limited life expectancy
 in an otherwise relatively active person.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
She will be left with the alternative of taking anti-inflammatory medication, doing quadriceps strengthening exercises, and avoiding activity which stresses her knee, which would involve any sports with running and jumping.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Swimming would be a reasonable option for her, and she should be medically encouraged to do this in order to keep fit.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
There is no indication of any likely, long term repercussions from her seemingly quite significant cerebral concussion, and her facial scarring is no major, cosmetic significance."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par In his evidence Mr. Robin stated that the fracture of the Plaintiff's right clavicle could easily be induced by the impact of a seat belt restraining the Plaintiff in an impact at high velocity.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 This was also indicated by the fact that she had}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 peritoneal damage when admitted to the CWM Hospital.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He said that he had seen a number of road trauma victims at the Austin Hospital but considered that the Plaintiff's orthopaedic injuries were some of the most horrific he had seen.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Counsel for the defence submitted to me later that Mr. Robin had given exaggerated and unnecessarily colourful evidence of the extent of the Plaintiff's injuries.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I do not accept this submission.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 It seemed to me as I observed Mr. R
obin that as the Plaintiff's treating surgeon he was giving his honest opinion about the severity of her injuries which, it might be added, to a large extent was confirmed by Mr. Battlay.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Shortly I shall mention the areas in which Mr. Robin and Mr. Battlay
 do not agree but no one can doubt that both doctors are satisfied the Plaintiff suffered severely in the accident.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Referring to the Plaintiff's left elbow Mr. Robin stated that x-rays showed}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 that this was one of the most serious fractures he had seen cau
sed by road trauma because both the connecting parts of the elbow joints are smashed into seven or eight pieces.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 This was serious because the skin was completely open for seven or eight centimetres communicating directly with the broken bone which thus inc
reases the risk of infection which compounds the problem and the loss of stability of the joint together with the force of the impact seriously compromise the Plaintiff's ulnar nerve.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He stated that the Plaintiff had no feeling in her 4th and 5th left fingers which was consistent with his opinion.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He added that despite the ulnar nerve being moved forward the Plaintiff still had the same symptoms indicating some permanent damage.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Mr. Robin then produced x-rays of the Plaintiff's right knee which he said show
ed there had been broken skin and penetration through the fracture of the patella then contaminating the knee joint and giving the risk of infection.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said a chunk had been knocked out as a result of the accident and the area had been contaminated by the outside air which seriously increased the risk of infection.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 X-rays of the left foot showed it to be grossly swollen.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The middle part of the foot had exploded on impact at the time of the accident due to it being squashed from front to back.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 An x-ray wh
ich he produced gave a clearer view of the metatarsal or the bones on the flat of the foot which showed that they had spread.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Mr. Robin stated that the Plaintiff had undergone two operations in Suva under general anaesthetics in the space of a week which indicated the probable concern of the Suva hospital for her.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Unfortunately the two surfaces had not been re-constructed as far as possible in one piece but had been joined in a way which would make union impossible; this had been caused by the hospital using the wrong technique.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Mr. Robin said that if surgical wire were applied thus it can damage the cartilage and cause osteo-arthritis which had occurred in the Plaintiff's case.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that damage to a cartilage can begin in a matter of a day and once begun is almost irreversible.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Mr. Robin then said that by October 1989 that is, five months after the accident, the Plaintiff had already begun to get degeneration in the bones of the left foot.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Normally in a person such as the Plaintiff this would not be expected until the age of about 60 but the Plaintiff was aged 22 at the time.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He therefore said that he expected the Plaintiff to develop significant symptoms by the age of 40.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 This comment also applied to her left elbow which showed the beginning of osteo-art
hritis or narrowing of the joints in October 1989.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The fracture of her right heel had caused a prominent lump of bone or spur to develop which, somewhat colourfully, he likened to standing on a Violet Crumble chocolate bar.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 As a result any shoe contact with the heel will rub over the site of the fracture where there is a scar.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The Plaintiff's discomfort in her heel was}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4151803  consistent with this fracture.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Referring to x-rays of the Plaintiff's right knee and left elbow taken a week before the hearing of her case began Mr. Robin commented that in the left elbow the progress of osteo-arthritis in three years had become quite marked.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
This was true also of the right knee and confirmed Mr. Robin's opinion that the Plaintiff can never return to her normal life-style before the accident.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Osteo-arthritis is now to be seen in the right knee as it is also in both feet and her right ankle although to a lesser degree than her right knee and left elbow.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that her prognosis for the knee and elbow is quite bad without any future surgery.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He expects the knee to stiffen and become more painful as well as the elbow which already is 90 percent stiff.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that the Plaintiff must have her right knee treated, one method being by fusion which would leave the knee permanently stiff.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
This in turn would increase stress on the hip joint and thus lead to the likely development of osteo-arthritis there at an earlier stage.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He said that it would be preferable to replace the knee joint with an artificial joint which would reduce the pain and increase the range of movement but this would not be complete in the Plaintiff because of the nature of her trauma.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He said that if this were done relatively early she would need further operations and in young people these tend to loosen their joints.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that operations should be deferred until her 40s or 50s but if she got worse she may need to have them sooner.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He stated that the cost of a prosthesis for the right knee at the moment would be A$13,420.00.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He said that this was the fee recommended by the Australian Government but not by the Australian Medical Association and that very few orthopaedic surgeons charge the Government rate now.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Mr. Robin said that since most knee replacements last 15 years he would expect the Plaintiff to need about two or three replacements on an assumed life expectancy of 76 years, currently that of an average female.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The problem with artificial knee replacements in the case of the Plaintiff was that because of the reduced available normal bone left on which to
 anchor the prosthesis each subsequent knee operation becomes more difficult and less successful in the long run.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 So too does the risk of complications with each subsequent operation because of increasing scar tissue causing stiffness and an increased risk of infection.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He said that when the knee cap is replaced all three bones comprising it - the femur and tibia surfaces - are cut and re-surfaced with an artificial component.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Although now the fitting is wedged into the bone, which reduces the risk of infec
tion, it cannot wholly do so because whenever a foreign matter is implanted in the body there is a risk of infection.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 If infection occurred the prosthesis would have to be removed to treat the infection.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 If infection cannot be eradicated (and this often ha
ppens) the only choices open to a surgeon are to stiffen the knee by arthrodesis or amputate above the knee in the worst possible case.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Arthrodesis would shorten the leg by an inch or more and so this would have to be built up by a surgical shoe.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 This would increase stresses above and below the joint.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In the Plaintiff's case the ankle and heel are the first to suffer because they are already affected.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Mr. Robin said that the Plaintiff could not do any work requiring increasing mobility, thus walking, climbing stairs, secretarial work with filing equipment below desk level will be difficult for her.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In her daily living the simple task of combing her hair and other personal grooming will be difficult.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Good grooming is necessary in a secretary but her injurie
s would also make the Plaintiff a slower worker.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Mr. Robin said that he found the Plaintiff refreshingly honest about what she can and cannot do.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He said that she tends to play down her injuries which surprised him.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
This does not lessen her disabilities which are quite real.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Mr. Robin stated that he had frequently dealt with patients who had suffered injuries to one or more of those parts of her body suffered by the Plaintiff but he had not seen many patients with all of these injuries.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that compare
d with uninjured people, persons like the Plaintiff are naturally disadvantaged by their physical disabilities which prospective employers perceive and then reject such persons for employment.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He stated that the Plaintiff's capacity to have a working life 
expectancy had been shortened appreciably because of her injuries.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
If she could have normally worked until the age of 60 he would expect her to have problems working beyond the age of 40 when she might then have to consider retirement.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He was asked a quest
ion about Medicare in Australia and stated that any person who makes a claim for Medicare must sign a declaration about the possible involvement of a third party and if there is such an involvement a claim is not subject to a Medicare refund.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 By this Mr. R
obin said he meant that under Medicare normally a patient would receive a refund of 75% to 85% of his or her medical fees but where a third party claim was involved as here there would be no refund.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Later the Plaintiff tendered a Medicare claim form which
 provides among other things that if a claim for Medicare benefits is in respect of services which are the subject of a claim for damages, the patient may apply for a provisional payment of benefits which however must be refunded when the claim for damage
s is successful.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Mr. Robin then referred to Mr. Battlay's reports.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The first thing he observed was that Mr. Battlay made no mention of any cosmetic defect over the Plaintiff's right eye whereas she had one.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Similarly he made no mention of any damage to her left ankle.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Also Mr. Battlay stated that her right heel showed no deformity whereas Mr. Robin said that there is such deformity evident both x-ray and clinically.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I note here however that Mr. Battlay did say in his report of 13th November 1993 that the P
laintiff's right heel is tender at the site of the operation scar which makes her selective about the type of shoe which she could wear.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Lastly dealing with the Plaintiff's patella-femoral joint on her right knee Mr. Robin said all three sections of the knee joint are affected by arthritis and there was no question of it not developing.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
At this stage the Plaintiff approached the bench and I observed a 10 to 12 centimetre long scar on the extensor aspect of her left elbow.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Mr. Robin said that x-rays of this elbow showed that it is permanently bent.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The Plaintiff has only 5}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 176 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt
\f3\fs24}}}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249  of flexion compared with the normal 160}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 176 \\f 
"Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249  and the elbow is stuck at between 70}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 176 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249  and 75}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
{\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 176 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 .}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Here Mr. Robin strained on the Plaintiff's left arm in an attempt to get further extension but was unable to do so.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that the 5}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 176 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
 of extension prevents her from moving her arm behind her back or to comb her hair and it similarly affects her when drying herself after bathing.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 On her right knee there was an obvious transverse scar from the outer point of the right knee going around for about 20 centimetres.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 This already encompassed half the knee joint.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He said that the important thing about her right knee joint was that it grates (crepitus) and that the back of the knee cap is rough and arthritic compared with the left which is completely smooth.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He said that it would be reasonable for the Plaintiff to have analgesics for her pain and anti-inflammation medication which will increase as she would grow older.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that most anti-inflammation medication today carries with it the risk of gastric ulceration or haemorrhaging.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
He said it was quite possible for a patient to develop a tolerance to such medication which then reduces the effect of the medication and means that the dosage must be in}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4151803 creased to 
get the same effect.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par 
\par Mr. Robin then pointed out to me the bulge in the Plaintiff's right heel caused by the removal of the part of the heel.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I remarked that it was very noticeable.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He stated that the force of the impact in the accident forced her left foot to bend to an angle of 45}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 {\field{\*\fldinst SYMBOL 176 \\f "Symbol" \\s 12}{\fldrslt\f3\fs24}}}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
 which increased the arch forcibly and broke it across the top.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The Plaintiff can expect increasing pain in her left foot and right heel.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The injuries also affect her capacity to wear closed shoes.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The injury to her left arch ma
kes it difficult for her to get into high heeled shoes which meant that basically she was limited to wearing flat or low heel shoes whose straps do not rub on those areas.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Mr. Robin then referred to the Plaintiff's head injuries and said that she had suff
ered brain injuries.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
During his training experience he had had extensive experience in treating head injuries and said the Plaintiff had clear evidence of brain injuries when she arrived at the Austin Hospital.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 This was because of her confused state of min
d, drowsiness and significant periods of retrograde and post traumatic amnesia.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
She had between 15 and 30 minutes of retrograde amnesia and at least two days of post traumatic amnesia.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Fortunately however she had recovered from the brain injuries.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 When cr
oss-examined Mr. Robin said that if the accident had happened in Melbourne and the Plaintiff had been taken to the Austin Hospital immediately she would have received different treatment.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Her wounds would have been more extensively debrided.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He agreed that
 the Plaintiff was still a very pretty young woman who appeared to be able to climb the stairs to the Court.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He believed that she could groom her hair and could manage alternative ways of doing things.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said that although there is high degree of unemployment in Australia the Plaintiff was fortunate that she had a job waiting for her.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The Plaintiff's mother then gave evidence and stated that before the accident the Plaintiff's teeth were perfect and that she had played tennis, attempted snow skiing, attended a gymnasium and enjoyed her life.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
While she was with her in hospital the Plaintiff had to have her dressings changed and be screened when she was handled or touched.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She said that the Plaintiff became very angry in the hospital because of the indignities associated with the catheter.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She was very conscious of the way she looked and previously took pride in her appearance.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She refused to let photographs to be taken and put her hand over the lens.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Two photographs were tendered of the Plaintiff, one taken 
in 1982 when the Plaintiff was about 18 and the other taken in the CWM Hospital on the day she left Fiji.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
In cross-examination Mrs. Anderson said the Plaintiff was able to drive still but she had difficulty in changing gear and she also had difficulty in washing and ironing.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The Plaintiff herself then gave evidence.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
She recalled being taken out of the aircraft at Tullamarine Airport and being put on a food trolley and then placed in an ambulance.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She showed me the cut on her hairline which is 1\'bd inches long and extends into the scalp for about \'bd inch but which is barely visible.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She has a ragged scar from about \'bc
 of an inch above her right eyebrow to just above the right eyelid which is about 1\'bc inches long.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
She has one false tooth on her lower jaw and a bridge over these teeth on the top jaw.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
She said that she became fully oriented again while in the Austin Hospital where she had fairly intense pain all over her.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Her left arm was immobilised because she was in traction.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 For much of the time she had a full leg cast from the top of her right thigh to her toes and from the knee to the tip of her toes on her left leg.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
She had been given pethidine regularly every four hours and morphine when she came out of the operating theatre on her first admission to the Austin Hospital.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She was also given morphine after every operation and an injection of Heparin, an anti-co}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4151803 a}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 gulant given to people in hospital for lengthy periods.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She said that she was not able to resume normal food until she went to the Royal Talbot Convalescence Hospital.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Because of her dental injuries her teeth could not be restored until after 4 or 5 months after the accident and the dental treatment she received caused her a great deal of pain until the final bridge of 6 teeth was completed.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She said that
 she was self conscious about the bridge on her teeth and of the scars on her face particularly that on the right eye which could not be covered.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She said that knocking her left arm causes pains for two days.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 For a long time she had no feeling in her little and ring finger on the left hand but now she had tingling in those fingers.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She was in constant pain in her right leg and took anti-inflammation tablets daily.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 These cost her $182 a year.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She said that walking down the stairs caused her pains, when she wakes every morning she had pain in her right knee and ankle.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She puts a pillow under her foot and knee.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Now she can no longer do any distance walking without pain.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 When showering she has to hoist her leg over the shower recess as she also does so when gett
ing into a car.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She cannot now get into the back seat of the car.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 When sitting her knee stiffens and she tries to avoid uneven surfaces when walking.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Crouching or bending to pick up things from the floor is difficult and she confirmed what Mr. Robin had said about her difficulties in wearing shoes.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She said that she could not afford to have shoes especially made because these cost $700 a pair and even shoes for disabled people sold in the shops cost $200.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 These were not very smart and unsuitable for a 28 year-old girl.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She said she was off work full time for just short of a year.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She said that changes in temperature caused her pains.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Very cold winds cripple her and humidity such as we had in Suva at the time of trial made her feel worse.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I observe here that the Plaintiff lives in Melbourne whose winters can be very severe.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
She said she enjoyed her work at Avis-Rent-a-Car because it was very diverse and she was good at it and expected to be able to do it in the foreseeable future.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 There were also opportunities available for promotion.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
In the first winter after her accident she had gone to Surfers Paradise by transfer by Avis but felt devastated when her boss told her she was disabled.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She said that she does not tell}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 people about her injuries because she does not want them to think she is disabled.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She says that she makes excuses for her injuries all the time and always has her hands in a pocket or her arms folded to hide her disabilities.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She said that people often ask her the cause of her limp and scars but she hates telling them.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
When she returned to Melbourne after Surfers Paradise she began work with Luke Air in January 1990 and remained in this employment until September 1993.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Her office was at the back of the building but her work involved too much walking and stair climbing.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }
{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Her pain affected her ability to work.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She preferred working with Avis because she had more variety and met more people.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She told me that she could no longer ride bicycles or swim and felt she was a burden on people.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 At this stage th
e Plaintiff began to weep and said that she did not think about her future because she did not want to.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She had been educated at the Brighton Girls School and had been brought up in a stable, comfortable middle class environment.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 At this point I adjourned
 the hearing until the next day and on the resumption the Plaintiff said that when she returned to Melbourne after the case she would join a hotel owned by some friends in promotion and marketing work and will probably be based at the hotel.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She did not agree with Mr. Battlay's reference to her having a de}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4151803  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 facto relationship with her boyfriend and his comment that she was not anxious or depressed.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
She stated that Medicare had paid provisionally 75% of Mr. Robin's account only on the understanding that they would be reimbursed.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She stated when re-examined that she could not afford an automatic car which she would prefer.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Such a car costs $1,500 to $2,000 more than a manual.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She said that in the future if she could afford it she would buy automatic cars.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Usually she kept cars for two years but has had the present car for five years.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 If she kept a car on an average of four years she would expect to pay an average of $500 per annum extra for cars during the rest of her life.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She also complained that Mr. Battlay d
id not give her as full an examination as Mr. Robin, in particular that he}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
did not try to induce any movement in her feet or her leg except for the movement she could show herself.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 However he did do as Mr. Robin had done when trying to get movement in her arms.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 That concludes my summary of the medical evidence.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I pass now to the pleadings.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 THE PLEADINGS}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
It is necessary to refer to the pleadings in this case because they were the subject of some adverse comments by defence counsel in his submissions.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The e
vidence of Liam Sears who said that he considered the Defendant was much to be blamed for the accident because he had attempted to pass another motor vehicle when it was unsafe to do so and thus put the Plaintiff in a position of danger which she could no
t avoid was the main reason for these comments.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
It must be said that the pleadings both of the Plaintiff and the Defendant in this case are somewhat lacking in particulars.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Neither the original Statement of Claim dated the 27th of September 1989 nor the am
ended Statement of Claim dated the 13th of December 1990 make any allegations about the Defendant attempting to pass another vehicle when it was unsafe to do so and thereby coming on a collision course with the Plaintiff.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 There are general allegations of f
ailing to keep a proper look out; driving at an excessive speed; failing to apply the brakes on his motor vehicle either in time to avoid the collision or at all; failing to so steer and control his vehicle as to avoid the collision; failing to give any w
arning when approaching a motor vehicle to the point of collision and failing to give the right of way to the Plaintiff's motor vehicle.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Likewise the Statement of Defence is somewhat short on detail although it does allege that the Plaintiff was driving on the incorrect side of the road in the face of the Defendant's on- coming vehicle.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
There is no allegation to accord with the evidence given by the Defendant that the accident was caused by the Plaintiff attempting to pass another vehicle ahead of her and t
hus coming on to her wrong side of the road so as to collide with the Defendant's vehicle.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The purpose of pleadings is in the words of Jessel M.R. in }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Thorp v. Holdsworth}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
 (1876) 3 Ch. D.637, 639:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 "To bring the parties to an issue, and to prevent the issue 
being enlarged, which would prevent either party from knowing when the cause came on for trial, what the real point to be discussed and decided was.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In fact, the whole meaning of the system is to narrow the parties to definite issues, and thereby to dimini
sh expense and delay, especially as regards the amount of testimony required on either side at the hearing."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par As Brennan J. said in }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Banque Commerciale S.A. En Liquidation v. Akhil Holdings Limited}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249  (1990) 169 C.L.R. 279 at 288:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 "When the pleadings bring th
e parties to the issue, the court's function is to determine that issue and to grant relief founded on the pleadings unless the parties are allowed to alter the issues at the trial without amendment of the pleadings (as to which, see the observations in }
{\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 London Passenger Transport Board v. Moscrop (29))}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 .}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The rule is clearly laid down in the judgment of this Court in }{
\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Dare v. Pulham (30}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249  (1982) 148 C.L.R. 658, at p.664:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249 '}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Apart from cases where the parties choose to disregard the pleadings and to fight the case on issues chosen at the trial, the relief which may be granted to a party must be founded on the pleadings (}{
\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Gould and Birbeck and Bacon [v. Mount Oxide Mines Ltd. (In Liq.)] (31); Sri Mahant Govind Rao v. Sita Ram Kesho (32))}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 .'"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par In motor accident cases o
f this nature before my appointment to the Bench it was my practice and that of my contemporaries when pleading particulars of negligence if it was alleged that an accident was caused by the attempted passing of another vehicle when it was unsafe to do so
 to plead this particular specifically.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I also note that in Bullen & Leake & Jacob's }{
\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid12143991 Precedents of Pleadings}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
, 13th Edition on page 813 in a sample precedent dealing with a similar situation to that in this case, overtaking or attempting to overtake another vehicle when it was unsafe to do so is pleaded as a particular of negligence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
In this regard as I have said both the Statement of Claim and the defence are deficient but I do not consider that that of itself warrants my striking out the Plaintiff's claim in this case.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
When the Plaintiff's counsel opened her case he stated the evidence that he expected Liam Sears would give, namely that he observed a motor vehicle travelling towards the Plaintiff on its correct side of the road and being followed by a mot
or vehicle driven by the Defendant.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Shortly before the collision the Defendant moved to overtake the vehicle in front of him when there was no possible room to do so because of the presence of the Plaintiff on the road.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 If the situation were as counsel fo
r the Defendant now would have the Court believe that the Defendant was taken by surprise by this statement because there was nothing in the pleadings to support it, I would have expected defence counsel to immediately object to counsel for the Plaintiff 
making such a remark.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Instead counsel for the Defendant remained silent.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 If this silence could be excused at that time, which I doubt,}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
then I find it more surprising and now unconvincing that as soon as Liam Sears began to give evidence in this vein counsel for the defence again failed to make any objection.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
It would have been open to the Defendant either after counsel for the Plaintiff opened on this subject or when Mr. Sears began to give his evidence on it to have drawn the Court's attention to the stat
e of the pleadings and objected to the evidence being given.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Counsel for the Plaintiff would then have had to decide whether he should apply to have the pleadings amended.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In my judgment the Defendant's objection has come far too late.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 All the evidence in 
the action is now in and the first time objection is taken to the pleadings in this regard is in the first defence submission dated the 23rd December 1993, nearly one month after the trial concluded.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In my opinion the case is on all fours with that referred to by Mr. Justice Brennan in }{
\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Banque Commerciale v. Akhil Holdings Limited}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 , namely }{
\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Dare v. Pulham}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
. In my view it is clear the parties here chose to disregard the pleadings and to fight the case on issues chosen at the trial.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I therefore reject this submission.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 LIABILITY}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
As I said at the beginning both parties presented completely opposite accounts of the circumstances which they said caused the accident, in each case alleging that this was due to the attempt by the other to pass another preceding vehicl
e when it was unsafe to do so.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Having observed all the witnesses I prefer the version of the events given on behalf of the Plaintiff.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The Defendant submits that I should disbelieve Liam Sears}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12143991 '}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249  evidence because he has allegedly a vested interest in the out
come of this case because he himself is suing the Defendant for damages for his own injuries in Civil Action No. 140 of 1990 and is therefore biased against the Defendant.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 It is submitted that because Liam Sears has not sued the Plaintiff, if the Plaintiff
 is held responsible for the accident he would not be able to recover against the Plaintiff as he is now statute barred.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I do not accept this submission.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In my view the probable reason for Mr. Sears electing to sue the Defendant and not the Plaintiff or th
e Plaintiff and Defendant jointly is based on professional advice which I have little doubt he received.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 It is stated that Julie Davidson and the person sitting opposite him Nathale Florin were in conversation at the material time but Mr. Sears stated quit
e definitely that he was looking ahead when he saw the Defendant's vehicle approaching and that Julie Davidson's head was not obstructing his view.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Counsel for the Defendant claims that in cross-examination Mr. Sears said that the Defendant's vehicle had p
roceeded to return to its correct side of the road and at the time of the collision his (the Defendant's) vehicle's left head light was on the middle of the dividing line.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 My note of this evidence is: "The Defendant's vehicle was still accelerating to ret
urn to his lane in front of the truck.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He was not slowing or swerving to the left".}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Shortly afterwards he said this: "The Defendant was speeding to return to his lane in front of the truck.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He did manage only partly."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 It is interesting to record that when 
he was cross-examined Mr. Sears stated vehemently that the Defendant was definitely on the wrong side of the road and that there was insufficient room on the left hand side for the Plaintiff to go through.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He said, "I am very positive about this."}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In my record of the evidence I made a note beside this to this effect, "Good witness re-this".
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Re-reading the evidence for the purpose of preparing this judgment that is still my recollection of the witness Sears.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Furthermore it is corroborated in my view by the 
evidence of John Francis Byrne as to the relative position of the vehicles driven by the Plaintiff and Defendant after the accident.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Mr. Byrne said "The white car was closer to Suva.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I am definitely sure by approximately 18 feet."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He then rejected a suggestion that the Plaintiff's vehicle was closer to Suva and said again, "In my opinion the white vehicle was closer to Suva."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
An extraordinary statement was made by defence counsel on page 13 of his written submission of 23rd December 1993 that John Byrne had given evidence that the Warwick Hotel was about 60 miles away from the place of the accident.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Counsel then proceeds to claim that if this were true it would mean the Plaintiff was travelling "at the phenomenal speed of 240 miles per hour".}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 This is a glar
ing mis-statement of Mr. Byrne's evidence. He said near the end of his examination in chief that the accident happened "60 metres from the Hyatt Regency towards Suva".
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Counsel do not assist the Court or their client by making such errors in the quoting of
 the evidence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Turning now to the evidence given by the Defendant I have formed the opinion that he was not wholly frank with the Court.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 It was put to him in cross-examination that he had made a written statement to his insurer about the accident which co
ntained no suggestion that the Plaintiff had been overtaking another vehicle immediately before the accident.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 When counsel for the Plaintiff asked for the production of this statement defence counsel immediately objected on the ground of privilege and I upheld this objection.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
However in my view the failure by the Defendant to produce the statement when called on must raise doubts about the credibility of his evidence.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Jones v. Dunkel}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249  (1959) 101 C.L.R. at p.320 (1959) A.L.R. at p.381 Windeyer J. cited }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Wig
more on Evidence}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249  3rd Ed. (1940) vol. 2 s. 285 p.262.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 which reads as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
"The consciousness indicated by conduct may be, not an indefinite one affecting the weakness of the cause at large, but a specific one concerning the defects of a particular element in the cause.}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4151803  }{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 failure to bring before the tribunal some circumstance, document, or witness, when either the party himself or his opponent}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
claims that the facts would thereby be elucidated, serves to indicate, as the most natural inference, that the
 party fears to do so, and this fear is some evidence that the circumstance or document or witness, if brought, would have exposed facts unfavourable to the party.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 These inferences, to be sure, cannot fairly be made except upon certain conditions; and they
 are also open always to explanations by circumstances, which make some other hypothesis a more natural one than the party's fear of exposure; but the propriety of such an inference in general is not doubted."}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par In my judgment, although the Defendant was en
titled to object to the production of the statement to his insurer and I ruled in his favour on this, nevertheless I cannot refrain from inferring that the Defendant's objection indicated his fear that the statement if produced would have exposed facts un
favourable to him.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
I am at a loss to understand why the Defendant should have refused to produce what must surely have been only a self-serving statement.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Likewise I note the objection by the defence to the production of the Police Report on the accident.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Undoubtedly there was one but for reasons unexplained the Police were not able to produce it as primary evidence.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 However the report was in the possession of the Plaintiff and was discovered by her and appears as document A to Schedule I, Part I of her Aff
idavit of Documents dated the 5th of August 1993.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Again I ask myself why should the Defendant have been so reluctant to allow evidence to be given of a report of whose contents he and his advisers must surely have been aware?}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The answer escapes me.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 This re
luctance on the part of the Defendant to produce what could well have been relevant documents is a factor which leads me to have doubts about the credibility of the Defendant as to the cause of the accident and leads me to prefer the evidence given for th
e Plaintiff on this question.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
In this regard I should say that of the two witnesses who came on the scene shortly after the accident I prefer the version given by John Francis Byrne.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He gave his evidence in an objective manner and the fact that he placed t
he Defendant's vehicle at a point closer to Suva than that of the Plaintiff and the Plaintiff's vehicle a distance of about 10 feet off the edge of the Suva-bound carriageway supports the evidence given by Liam Sears.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Mr. Byrne said that the Plaintiff's ve
hicle was wholly off the road facing towards its left at right angles or a little more than right angles and towards Sigatoka.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 His other evidence that the damage to the Suzuki appeared to be concentrated on its right hand side indicates to me that the Plai
ntiff was driving on the correct side of the road at the time of collision and the Station Wagon driven by the Defendant was on the middle of the road, as I find, trying to pass another vehicle immediately before the accident.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I also note that John Francis
 Byrne was not shaken in his evidence that the concentration of the debris was on the Suva-bound carriageway although he conceded the debris was scattered all over the road.
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4151803 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 This does not surprise me when it is realised that if one accepts the evidence as
 to speed given by Liam Sears and the Defendant the combined approach speed of the two vehicles would have been approximately 140 kilometres an hour or approximately 85 miles per hour under the old imperial measurements.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 With an impact of such speed I am n
ot in the least surprised that debris should have been scattered all over the road but undoubtedly, to use the expression of Mr. Robin in another context, there must have been an "explosion" of debris at the time of impact.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Whilst I accept that Ramasi Vit
ale gave his evidence to the best of his recollection I remind myself that he was first called on to give evidence only two weeks before the trial.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I also note that he is aged 60 and that the accident occurred nearly 7 years ago.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Consequently I prefer the evidence of John Francis Byrne which seemed to me to be given more objectively than that of Mr. Vitale.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
On this point I also reject the rather guarded suggestion by the Defendant that alcohol could have been a factor in this accident.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In my judgment there is no justification for such a finding.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Having considered the evidence given I find that the Defendant is wholly to be blamed for this accident on the ground that shortly before the accident he attempted to overtake another vehicle when there was neither t
ime nor space to do so and that his negligence was the cause of the accident.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
I make no finding of contributory negligence against the Plaintiff.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Before concluding this part of the judgment I should comment briefly on the submissions made by both counsel on the failure of either party to call a particular witness.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
In opening the case for the Plaintiff her counsel stated that the Plaintiff intended to call the driver of a bus which was following the Plaintiff's vehicle, one Subarmani Murgassa who would test
ify that the Plaintiff was travelling at a moderate pace on the correct side of the road when he saw the Defendant's vehicle travelling at high speed cross over from its correct to its incorrect side of the road and collide with the Plaintiff's vehicle.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 It
 was said that Mr. Murgassa, who was apparently outside the Court, would say that he had no recollection of seeing the Defendant's vehicle overtake another vehicle before the accident.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Mr. Murgassa was not called to give evidence and defence counsel invit
es the Court to conclude from this that there were "grave contradictions in the Plaintiff's case".
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Counsel for the Defendant comments that it is not surprising that Mr. Murgassa was not called in that he would have "contracted" (sic) Liam Sears version of the accident.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
I cannot agree with counsel for the Plaintiff who said that Mr. Murgassa appears to have been truly independent.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 There is no evidence of this and such an assertion could only be justified after observing Mr. Murgassa in the witness box and 
assessing his quality as a witness under cross-examination.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
However I do not draw any adverse conclusion against the Plaintiff merely by her failure to call Mr. Murgassa to give evidence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Under our adversarial system during the course of a trial legal adv
isers frequently have to make decisions to whether or not a particular witness or witnesses will be called to give evidence.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The decision to call or not to call a particular witness is usually one of tactics for which various explanations are doubtless open.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
One of these most frequently in my experience is the opinion formed by a party's advisers whether a particular witness is likely to advance the party's cause any further.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 It may be that the Plaintiff's advisers concluded that the evidence of Mr. Murgassa would not add much to that already given on behalf of the Plaintiff.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In my view this submission lacks any merit.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Here it might also be pertinent to ask why the Defendant failed to call his wife who was apparently seated in the front seat of the vehicle with him.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 This may well have been done as a matter of tactics by the Defendant or there may have been a perfectly reasonable explanation for the failure to call the wife.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I do not propose to speculate as to the reasons and I draw no adverse inference agai
nst the Defendant for not calling her.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 DAMAGES}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I have stated in some detail the injuries suffered by the Plaintiff.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
There can be no doubt that they were very severe and where there are differences between the evidence given by her treating orthopaedic su
rgeon Mr. Robin and the evidence contained in the medical report submitted by the Defendant from Mr. Battlay I prefer that of Mr. Robin.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 He was subjected to searching cross-examination by counsel for the Defendant and in my estimation came through this as a convincing witness.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
I do not agree with the submission of defence counsel that he appeared to be "emotionally charged when giving evidence".}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 My impression of Mr. Robin was that he was concerned about the severity of the Plaintiff's injuries with which of
 course he was very familiar having been her treating surgeon ever since she was admitted to the Austin Hospital.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
There are grounds for believing that Mr. Battlay's examination of the Plaintiff was more hurried than those of Mr. Robin which in a sense mig
ht be accepted since he apparently conducted only one examination whereas Mr. Robin has examined and treated the Plaintiff on numerous occasions.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In particular I note Mr. Battlay's comment that "the left elbow can be fully extended".}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Having observed Mr. R
obin's demonstration on the extent to which she could extend her elbow, I have no hesitation in rejecting the opinion of Mr. Battlay on this.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Further, as pointed out, Mr. Battlay made no mention of the scar over the Plaintiff's eye, to the injuries to her 
left foot, to the degenerative changes in the right sub-tarsal joint}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4151803  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
and the existence, not possibility, of lateral compartment osteo-arthritis in the injured knee.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 A fair summary of the Plaintiff's present situation is that she has a useless left elbow w
ith painful degenerative changes, a right knee which will require replacement and established osteo-arthritis in both ankles.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In addition to this she had a head inquiry which has left her with scarring and severely damaged teeth.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In short here we have a y
oung lady in the bloom of her youth facing a life-time of deprivation of her normal expectations of her salad days, that is, loss of enjoyment from dancing, walking, sporting activities, and all those pursuits which are so important to the young.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She has b
een left with visible physical deformities which in themselves can be devastating since there is no horror worse to the younger generation especially the females - than to be different from their friends.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 This difference, in itself, will cause her severe psychological pain.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
I have to view the injuries the Plaintiff has suffered as one whole, and cannot separate the different components.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I have considered the submissions on damages made by counsel for the parties.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In my view the case calls for a substantia
l sum by way of damages for pain and suffering and loss of amenities of life.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
In assessing what damages she should be awarded I bear in mind that the task of the Court is to provide the Plaintiff with a fair compensation to accord with her needs.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 That this fair compensation could be achieved, it is incumbent upon a tort feasor to take his Plaintiff as he finds him.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In this case the Plaintiff lives and spends her money in Australia.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 It was by sheer coincidence that her accident occurred in Fiji.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 There can be little doubt that she will spend the proceeds of any award in Australia, her own country.
}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 As the High Court of Australia said in }{
\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Planet Fisheries Proprietary Limited v. La Rosa & Anor.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249  (1968) 119 C.L.R.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4151803  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 118 at p.125:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 "The principle to be followed in assessing damages is, in our opinion, not in doubt.}
{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
It is that the amount of damages must be fair and reasonable compensation for the injuries received and the disabilities caused.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 It is to be proportionate to the situation of the claimant party and not to th
e situation of other parties in other actions, even if some similarity between their situations may be supposed to be seen."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par It is submitted on behalf of the Plaintiff that had she suffered her injuries in Australia, there would be no doubt that she would be eligible for a verdict of approximately A$250,000.00 for pain, suffering and loss of enjoyment of life.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
This may be true but there is no evidence that the Plaintiff would be eligible for such an award and I therefore reject this submission as it stands.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
However likewise I cannot accept the submission on behalf of the Defendant that because the Plaintiff submitted to the jurisdiction of the High Court of Fiji the Court must make an award comparable to other awards made for similar injuries in Fiji.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I ha
ve considered cases cited to me by the Defendant and note that in none of them were the injuries sustained as serious as those suffered by the Plaintiff.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The closest to the Plaintiff's case appears to be }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Anitra Kumar Singh v. Rentokil Laboratories Limited}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 ,
 Civil Appeal No. 73 of 1991 in which in a judgment on the 20th of August 1993 the Court of Appeal increased to $60,000.00 an assessment of $25,000.00 for general damages for injuries sustained in a motor vehicle on the 16th of July 1988.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4151803\charrsid1051249 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The injuries are set out on page 4 of the judgment.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I observe that on page 12 when discussing the range of awards in Fiji for various types of injuries the Court said:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
"With rare exceptions they are well below the figures we might think appropriate at this time August 1993 or at the time judgment in this Action was given, October 1991."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par I agree.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Figuratively speaking it is high time the award of damages in Fiji for personal injuries threw off its swaddling clothes and faced the reality of the real world.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The Court of Appeal endorses this view.
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4151803 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 It is possible that the Plaintiff, being now so young, may yet survive for at least another 50 years, for many of which her doctors say she could be unemployable.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I have endeavoured to ensure her financial future by providing an aw
ard which would allow her, when the time comes, to set herself up in a small business, such as a secretarial agency or a tea-shop or a small business of her choice.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In my judgment the country in which it is expected the Plaintiff will use any damages she 
receives from this Court is relevant to the amount of those damages although I do not say it is decisive.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 It is a factor which the Court must consider.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I observe that in none of the cases cited to me by the Defendant did the Plaintiff intend to spend his or her damages outside Fiji.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In two leading decisions of the 1970s, }{
\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Dillingham Corporation of New Guinea Pty. Ltd. v. Constantino Alfredo Diaz}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
 (1975) P.N.G.L.R. 262 and }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Kerr v. Motor Vehicles Insurance (P.N.G.) Trust}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
 (1979) P.N.G.L.R. 215,}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2057794  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 the Supreme Court
 of Papua New Guinea recognised that expatriate Australians receiving judgments for damages in Papua New Guinea would return to Australia where they would have to pay for their enjoyment of life and the costs of commodities and services at Australian pric
es.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
For the Court to hold otherwise would be to fail to follow the basic principle that the measure of damages should, as nearly as possible put a Plaintiff back in the same position as if she had not sustained her injuries.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The Court of Appeal in }{
\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Anitra Kumar Singh v. Rentokil Laboratories Limited}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
 recognises that the level of damages in our neighbouring countries is persuasive but not decisive - see judgment page 13.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Applying these principles to this case I consider an appropriate award by way of general d
amages is $85,000.00.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
To this there must be added agreed special damages in medical expenses of $37,792.00 for the Austin Hospital and Mr. Robin's expenses $2,567.33, Dr. Gillmore's charges for anaesthesia of $700.00 and dental expenses of $9,107.00 all of
 which are also admitted.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Under the heading "Additional loss associated with Injury" the Plaintiff claims the following:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5596312 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Vehicle Hire Charges thrown away\tab }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5596312  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 $100.00}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5596312\charrsid1051249 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Cash lost as result of accident\tab }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5596312 \tab }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5596312    }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 150.00}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5596312\charrsid1051249 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Damaged clothing\tab \tab \tab }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5596312    }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 300.00}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5596312\charrsid1051249 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Cost of returning to Australia for
\par treatment not available in Fiji:-
\par Attending doctor on flight
\par (Dr. Prakash)\tab \tab \tab \tab }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 1,412.00}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5596312 
\par 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Stretcher charges - Qantas}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5596312 \tab 
\tab  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 2,015.00}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5596312\charrsid1051249 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Mrs. Anderson - airfares and
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5596312 accommodation\tab \tab \tab }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
2,051.00}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5596312 
\par 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Surfers Paradise Physiotherapy}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5596312 
\tab     }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 200.00}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li4320\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin4320\itap0\pararsid5596312 {\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 $6,228.00}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5596312 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The Defendant disputes all of these costs except those for Dr. Prakash's flight expenses of $1,412.00, stretcher charges and a sum of $200.00 for Surfers Paradise Physiotherapy.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I agree that it would be unfair to the Defendant to allow the Plaintiff the amount of $150.00 claimed as cash lost as a result of the accident.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
In my view it would not be reasonably foreseeable by the Defendant that human vultures would rob the Plaintiff of cash she was carrying at the time of the accident.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 However I regard dam
age to clothing as a reasonably foreseeable item of damage and I recall the medical evidence that she was suffering of hypo-volaemic shock when admitted to CWM Hospital in Suva and the evidence of John Francis Byrne that the Plaintiff was bleeding from he
r nose and mouth and looked generally bloody.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I therefore allow the sum of $300.00 as claimed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The Defendant disputes the claim by the Plaintiff's mother for airfares and accommodation of $2,051.00.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Defence counsel describes Mrs. Anderson's desire to be w
ith her daughter when she was informed of the accident as a luxury which should not be placed at the door of the Defendant.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I disagree.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
I regard such expenses as a species of medical expenditure and conducive to the well-being of her daughter.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I have no doubt that it was the presence of the Plaintiff's mother in Fiji which helped the Plaintiff recover consciousness in the CWM Hospital.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I therefore allow these charges.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  
}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In the result the only amount I disallow of the $6,228.00 claimed under this heading is $150.00 leaving the sum of $6,078.00 to be paid by the Defendant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Loss of earnings of $14,421.95 is agreed giving a total of special damages which I award to the Plaintiff of $70,666.28.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The Plaintiff also claims damages for loss of future earnings and future medical expenses.}
{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
I accept that the Plaintiff will probably require a knee joint replacement at the age of approximately 35 or 40 years.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 This will necessitate her being hospitalised for a period of approximately 10 to 14 days and thereafter a period on crutches of approximately 4 to 6 weeks.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
I accept also the probability that she will need further knee joint replacement at the age of 55 years, given the life expectancy of a knee joint replacement as approximately 10 to 15 years which I note is not disputed by the Defendant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
According to Mr. Robin at the present time the total cost of a knee prosthesis is A$13,420.00.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
I would expect this to rise to approximately A$14,000.00 by the time the Plaintiff requires it.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Assuming total cost to be $28,000.00 and that Medicare will pay 75% of this I allow the Plaintiff $4,500.00 for this item.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Again it is impossible at this stage to estimate any loss of wages she may suffer during this term or indeed whether she will still be employed.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 If she is employed then I cons
ider it would be reasonable to allow her five weeks loss of income at the rate of $300.00 net per week which is approximately the amount admitted by the Defendant she lost in wages for 47 weeks}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 she was off work following the accident.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 For this item I allow $1,300.00.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The Plaintiff claims, and I have little doubt, that she would be more comfortable driving an automatic car because of her injuries.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She estimated the cost of such a car at the present time would average $500.00 per annum over five years the period for which she said she normally keeps a car.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
I consider it reasonable to allow the Plaintiff something for this and the amount I award is $8,400.00.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The Plaintiff claims future economic loss amounting to $500.00 per week and submits that I should allow a significant amount of years for which she would be unable to work, based on the unchallenged evidence of Mr. Robin in that regard.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
No reason is given to justify the sum of $500.00 per week; I expect it is based on a prediction of wage rates in Austral
ia at the time the Plaintiff is expected to have problems in employment which Mr. Robin stated would probably begin after the age of 40.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 There is of course a considerable element of speculation and conjecture in this.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 To a large extent the Plaintiff has be
en moderately fortunate in that she so far has not suffered any real loss of earning since she ceased work in September 1993 to prepare for the trial of this action.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 However I am satisfied that while she was employed after the accident she worked under some stress and no little inconvenience.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
There is a possibility which I can not discount and that is that the Plaintiff will either marry her present boyfriend or someone else in the future and so not be self-dependent for her support.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 She stated that when sh
e returned to Melbourne after the trial she would be taking employment with friends in a hotel in promotion and marketing work but there is no evidence as to the wages she expects to receive in such employment.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 I am also satisfied that other forms of work 
are probably open to the Plaintiff for example starting a secretarial agency, or a small cafe or tea-shop where most of the physical work could be performed by employees thus not requiring the Plaintiff to do much walking, climbing or bending.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5596312\charrsid1051249 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Basing myse
lf on Mr. Robin's opinion as to her employability I consider it would be reasonable to award her $10,000.00 under this heading which, in addition to her general and special damages and the interest I shall allow thereon should give her a reasonable sum to
 invest immediately and the capital and accrued interest which should be sufficient to enable her to buy or start a small business of the kind I have indicated when she believes the time is right to do so.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 This leads me to the question of interest.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 INTEREST}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 There is surprisingly little authority on this subject in Fiji.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
It has been customary to award successful Plaintiffs interest at the rate of 4% from the date of the issue of the Writ until the date of trial on special damages.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Allowing the Plaintiff 4% on her special damages gives her $11,312.00 approximately.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Taking the total special damages and interest to the nearest hundred I award her $82,000.00 under this heading.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The question of interest on general damages is more difficult.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Jefford v. Gee}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249  (19
70) 2 Q.B. 130 the English Court of Appeal considered this matter and held that the rate of interest payable on general damages should be that which is payable on money in Court which is placed on short term investment account.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The Court then noted the int
erest rates for the five years up to the trial of the action which varied from 5 to 7% and allowed the Plaintiff an average of the rate obtainable on short term investment of 6%.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 In the present case I took oral submissions from counsel on this question on
 the 18th of April 1994.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
Under Section 3 of the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act Cap. 27 the Court may, if it thinks fit, order interest to be payable on the sum on which judgment is given at such rate as it thinks fit on the whole or any part of 
damages awarded, for the whole or any part of the period between the date when the cause of action arose and the date of the judgment.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Counsel for the Plaintiff submitted that the rate of 10% from the date of the issue of the Writ until the commencement of
 the trial was appropriate whereas counsel for the Defendant submitted that the rate should be 2%.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
This is less than the amount awarded on special damages which he did not dispute.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Applying the principle approved in }{
\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Jefford v. Gee}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249  I consider it would be f
air to award the Plaintiff 7% interest on her general damages of $85,000.00, that is the sum of $23,800.00.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
It was argued by counsel for the Defendant that I should not allow interest for the whole four years because of delays on the part of the Plaintiff in amending her Statement of Claim and a change of solicitors.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 The Court of Appeal of New South Wales considered this in }{
\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Bennett v. Jones}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
 (1977) N.S.W.L.R. 355 Hutley J.A. rejected a similar argument and said this at pp}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2057794  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 375-376:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5596312 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 "I am by no means convin
ced that the conduct of the parties should ordinarily affect the award of interest.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
If the fault is that of the defendant, the plaintiff is adequately compensated by the award of interest in respect of that part of the award which is not apportioned to pai
n and suffering, and gains the benefit of inflation in the assessment of damages for pain and suffering.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 If inflation is brought under control, the same considerations will apply, as the interest in the whole award of damages will then fall to the traditio
nal rate which was the rate appropriate to the cost of retention of money alone.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
If the plaintiff is at fault, as in this case, and the defendant is an insurance company equipped to use funds in the various money markets, it gains from the plaintiff's delay.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 If the plaintiff does not comply with the rules, it can move to force the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5596312  }{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 expedition of the proceedings or to have them struck out for want of prosecution.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 If}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5596312  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
an insurer, with its resources and professional knowledge, neglects to take steps to force the plaintiff to the barrier, I do not see why the court should not assume that it was considered by it to be the course most advantageous to itself."}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par In my view it would be unfair to deny the Plaintiff interest for the full period for the reasons given by H
utley J.A. and because any interest awarded should do no more than put the Plaintiff into the same position as if payment had been made at some earlier time, no matter how far back that was.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 To summarise, the award I make for the Plaintiff will be:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5596312 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 Pain and suffering and }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5596312 loss of amenities \tab - $85,000.00}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par Interest thereon\tab \tab \tab \tab - $23,800.00
\par Special damages and interest\tab \tab \tab - $82,000.00
\par Loss of wages for replacement of knee
\par cap estimated\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab -}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3634109   }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 $1,300.00
\par 25% of cost of knee cap replacement\tab \tab -}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3634109   }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 $4,500.00
\par Loss of future income\tab \tab \tab \tab - $10,000.00
\par Extra cost of automatic cars\tab \tab \tab -}{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1051249  }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3634109   }{
\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 $8,400.00}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid15100799 {\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 $215,000.00}{
\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15100799 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15100799\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
The total award of $215,000.00 may appear high by Fijian standards, but if one deducts exchange rates when converting this into Australian currency, one is faced with t
he realisation that this sum represents approximately only eight years' salary for the average wage earner in that country.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
There will be a verdict for the Plaintiff of $215,000.00 and costs and judgment accordingly.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4151803 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3634109 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid2057794 JOHN E. BYRNE
\par }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid2057794 J U D G E}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid2057794 
\par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3634109 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3634109 HBC0353J.89S}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9064413\charrsid1051249 
\par }}