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ehndvaun_d}{\creatim\yr2003\mo7\dy31\hr16\min19}{\revtim\yr2003\mo7\dy31\hr16\min19}{\version2} {\edmins0}{\nofpages9}{\nofwords2986}{\nofchars17021}{\*\company USP}{\nofcharsws19968}{\vern16469}}\paperw11905\paperh16837\margl1700\margr1700 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\notabind\wraptrsp\transmf\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\truncatefontheight\subfontbysize\sprsbsp\wpjst\lytprtmet\hyphcaps0\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3 \jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale100\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot1246080 \fet0\sectd \sbknone\linex0\headery1440\footery1440\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1246080\sftnbj {\footer \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f66\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\insrsid1246080 \par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li-260\ri-260\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin-260\lin-260\itap0 {\lang3081\langfe5129\langnp3081\insrsid1246080 C:\\WPDOCS\\SINGH\\HBC0302A.92S \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 \f66\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT SUVA \par CIVIL JURISDICTION \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par CIVIL ACTION NO. 302 OF 1992 \par \par Between: \par \par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 RUPENI NAVUNISARAVI \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 Plaintiff \par \par and \par \par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 PRADEEP KUMAR}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743\charrsid11429743 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 f/n Raja Ram \par 1st Defendant \par \par and \par \par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 RAJA RAM}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743\charrsid11429743 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 f/n Choti Lal \par 2nd Defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743\charrsid11429743 M}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 s}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743\charrsid11429743 .}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 G. Phillips for the Plaintiff \par Mr. R. Chand for the Defendants \par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4252\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par This action is brought by the Plaintiff}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 RUPENI NAVUNISARAVI}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 under the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Death and Interest) Act Cap. 27 and also under the Compensation to Relatives Act Cap. 29 to recover damages for the death of his son }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 SAIMONI VUATALEVU NAVUNISARAVI}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (hereafter referred to as "the deceased") through the negligence of the first defendant.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 He sues as Administrator under Letters of Administration granted to him by High Court of Fiji on 13 May 1992.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 He states that he brings the suit for his own benefit and for the benefit of TUBUNA BOSE the deceased's mother, VANI NAMERUA NAVUNISARAVI the deceased's sister, NAIBUKA TUILOMANI and RUPENI NAVUNISARAVI the deceased's brothers. \par \par The deceased died on 24 November 1991 at the Colonial War Memorial Hospital, Suva.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 He was then about 8 years of age and lived with his parents. \par \par The First Defendant (D1) was at all material times a}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 servant or agent of the Second Defendant (D2).}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 The D2 was at the material time the registered owner of Toyota Liteace motor vehicle Registered No. BU489. \par \par On or about 24 November 1991 at Kings Road, Davuilevu,}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid216977 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 Nausori the D1 acting as a servant or agent of the D2 drove the said vehicle so negligently and unskilfully that he caused or permitted the said vehicle to collide with the deceased who was at the time walking on the unpaved footpath on the side of the road. \par \par The D1 was prosecuted and convicted for causing death by dangerous driving on 23 March 1992 and was sentenced to imprisonment for 15 months which was suspended for 18 months and also fined $150 in default 6 months imprisonment. \par \par As a consequence of the accident the deceased sustained serious personal injuries resulting in his death on the same day. \par \par No Notice of Intention to Defend having been given by the defendants, Judgment in Default was given against them. \par \par Although Mr. Ram Chand was to be appointed the solicitor for the defendants this did not happen and the hearing of assessment of damages proceeded to hearing before me when I was the Chief Registrar on 12 November 1992.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 The D1 was present but D2 (the father of D1) was not present.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 I ordered that written submissions be filed by Plaintiff by 2 December 1992.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 Mr. Ram Chand for the defendants appeared on 27 January 1992; after further appearance by counsel on 24 March 1993 I extended time for written submission till 21 April, 1993.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 There were numerous adjournments after that by the Deputy Registrar on the application of counsel until finally the Plaintiff filed his submission on 8 September 1993 and the defendants on 13 January 1994. \par \par I commenced to assess damages as Chief Registrar but was no longer in that post by the time the submissions were filed.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 Now I assess damages in this action in my present capacity. \par \par }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 FACTS AND EVIDENCE ADDUCED}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par \par The evidence so adduced has been well summarized by the learned counsel for the Plaintiff and I adopt them here as hereinafter appearing: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 Dr Eka Buadromo in evidence stated that she examined the deceased shortly after his admission to C WM Hospital on 24 November 1991.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 She conducted the post-mortem examination.}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 Her evidence outlined the extensive internal and external injuries which were consistent with the deceased being hit by a motor vehicle.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 The doctor stated that the deceased would have experienced great pain and suffering prior to death.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 But for the injuries sustained by the deceased from the accident, the doctor stated that she found no signs of latent illnesses or other physical deformities on the deceased.}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 He was for all intents and purposes a normal healthy child prior to 24 November 1991.}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 Mr Naibuka Navunisaravi in evidence stated that the deceased was one of his grandchildren and that he had resided in the same residence as the deceased throughout his life except for 1984.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 He stated that the deceased was a hard working and very bright young boy, who was an example to the witnesses's other grandchildren who were the brothers and sister of the deceased.}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 The deceased before his untimely demise was a healthy and active young boy. \par \par He confirmed that the deceased who was eight years old at the time of death, was the second eldest child of the plaintiff herein and that the immediate family of the deceased still experience the trauma and deep loss as a result of the unexpected death of the deceased. \par \par The witness in evidence stated that funeral expenses included the sum of $1000.00 being for the purchase of two cows, the purchase being for catering for the bereavement gathering (regu regu).}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 Further expenses included transportation costs, and other related funeral expenses.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 The approximate funeral expenses being $1500.00. \par \par Mrs. Salote Koroi in evidence stated that she taught the deceased whilst she was assistant Head Teacher at Draiba Fijian School in Suva.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 She described the deceased as being at the time she taught him, "a little gentleman". \par \par Also that he was a very successful student both inside and outside the classroom.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 The deceased was also the class leader at the time he died.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 This witness confirmed that she had th}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 i}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 rty years in the teac hing profession and in her professional opinion was of the view that the deceased had the makings of a very good citizen. \par \par Mr Rupeni Navunisaravi the plaintiff stated that he was the father of the deceased and had been granted Letters of Administration in respect of the estate of the deceased on 13 May 1992.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 He further stated that Tubuna Bose (deceased's mother), Vani Namerua Navunisaravi (deceased's sister), Naibuka Tuilomani and Rupeni Navunisara (deceased's brothers) are the beneficiaries of the deceased's estate.}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 The plaintiff confirmed the emotional loss still felt by the family as a result of the untimely death of his son.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 THE CLAIM}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par \par The Plaintiff brings his claim under the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Death and Interest) Act Cap. 27 and Compensation to Relatives Act (Cap. 29) and it is as follows:- \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (a)\tab Damages under the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Death and Interest) Act for loss of expectation of life. \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (b)\tab Damages under Compensation to Relatives Act. \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (c)\tab Special Damages in the sum of $1500.00 (one thousand five hundred dollars) being for funeral expenses. \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (d)\tab Costs. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par I shall now deal with the claim in the same order as above. \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (a)\tab }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 DAMAGES UNDER COMPENSATION TO RELATIVES ACT}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par The right of action under the compensation to Relatives Act (Cap. 29) confers on the near relative a right which is an independent right and not a continuation of the cause of action vested in the deceased. \par \par The Act provides that every such action shall be for the benefit of the wife, husband, parent and child of the person whose death has been so caused (section 4).}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 The word "parent" has been defined under the Act to include father and mother.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 Here the action has been commenced by the Plaintiff as Administrator of the Estate on behalf of himself, the deceas ed's mother, deceased's sister and two brothers which, in my view is wrong.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 It should only be for the benefit of the }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 'parent'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 which includes the }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "father and mother"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 of the dece}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 ased under the Act in his case.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 An action is maintainable as provided for under section 3 of the Act which reads as follows:- \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "Where the death of a person is caused by wrongful act, neglect or default, and the act, neglect or default is such as would (if death had not ensued) have entitled the party injured to maintain an action and recover damages in respect thereof, the person or persons or body of persons, incorporated or unincorporated, who would have been liable if death had not ensued shall be liable to an action for damages notwithstanding the death of the person injured, and although the death was caused under such circumstances as to amount in law to a crime."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par Under s.4 of the Act (Cap. 29) the Plaintiff is entitled to the claim as a dependent for himself (as father) and his wife (the deceased's mother). \par \par The action is based upon financial loss or loss of support and nothing else; it gives no solatium for mental distress... (}{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 BLAKE v MIDLAND RLY CO (1852) 18 Q.B. 93)}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 In this case the deceased died the same day, hence no claim for pain and suffering arises as no damages is given for pain and suffering when unconsciousness and death followed the injury within a very short time (}{ \f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 HICKS v CHIEF CONSTABLE SOUTH YORKSHIRE POLICE (1992) 2 AER 65)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 . \par \par Loss of support, to some degree, is an essential element of the cause of action.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 None o f the relatives can succeed unless they can prove actual dependence on the deceased at or before his death, or a probability that they would have received some support from him in the future if he had lived.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 A total dependence is not necessary, and partial dependence, even if it is of a slight and uncertain kind, will be sufficient to sustain an action, although the difference between the two cases will necessarily be reflected in the amount of the damages. \par \par It is not necessary for the Plaintiff to prove that he had a }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 right}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 to support by the deceased: what he must establish is, }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 'a reasonable expectation of pecuniary benefit, as of right or otherwise, from the continuance of the life'}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (}{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 FRANKLIN v SOUTH EASTERN RLY CO (1858) 3 H & N 211}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 ). \par \par Under the Act (Cap. 29) I have to decide the amount of dependency of the parent in the case of the deceased and then a suitable multiple has to be determined. \par \par In this case I am dealing with a case in which the deceased was just about 8 years of age at the time of his death on 24 November 1991. \par \par To determine the degree of dependency in such a case is very difficult indeed.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 The only guidance one can get is from awards in previous cases.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 It has been held in }{ \f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 WALDON v WAR OFFICE}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (1956) 1 WLR at 51 that: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "Although a judge is not bound to hear references to such cases, he may do so.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 He has a discretion to decide whether in his view the reference to such other cases would or would not assist him."}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par The learned counsel for the Plaintiff is well aware of the difficult{\*\bkmkstart QuickMark}{\*\bkmkend QuickMark}ies that the Court s face in assessing damages and she has very properly drawn the Court's attention to the observation of judges in some of the cases. \par \par In }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 WALDON}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (supra) at 55 }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 SINGLETON L.J.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 said:- \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "A judge in assessing damages draws upon his own experience.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 Where does he get that experience?}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 From knowledge of other judges' decisions as to amount; from knowledge of what is said in this court and in the House of Lords; and from his ordinary experience in life.. ..}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 The judge realizes that his task is to assess damages in the particular case before him, and upon the evidence before}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 him and upon nothing else.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 If he can get help from decisions of other judges, or from this court, I am inclined to think that in his discretion he might well accept it.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 It is for him to judge."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par In }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 FLETCHER v AUTOCAR and TRANSPORTERS LTD}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (1968) 2 Q.B. 32 Salmon L.J. stated at 363 - 364:- \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "On the other hand, the full amount of perfect compensation manifestly cannot be given for pain and suffering or loss of amenities for the sim}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 ple reason that, in the nature }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 of things, there can be no perfect compensation in relation to such matters .....}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 To my mind the damages awarded should be such that the ordinary sensible man would not instinctively regard them as either mean or extravagant, but would consider the m to be sensible and fair in all the circumstances."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par It is not that damages are not awarded in the case of a child.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 A case of where the Plaintiff ARJUN was entitled to damages for negligence where death ensued was }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 DHAPEL v ARJUN 8 FLR at 74.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 This case involved a boy aged 13 \'bd years.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 The case was remitted to the Magistrate's court for assessment of damages. \par \par In }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 BARNETT v COHEN & OTHERS (1921) 2 KB 461}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 , the deceased was four years of age.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 There }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 McCARDIE J.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 said at 469 that: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "the plaintiff's claim to damages must rest in substance upon his anticipation of the future services and help or the pecuniary aid in the future of the son, who at four years of age is now dead."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par He further said that }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "nothing can be given by way of solatium for the injured feelings of the relatives"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 and }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "all that can be dealt with or assessed is pecuniary loss"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 Hence it has been rightly argued by Mr. Ram Chand that claims for }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "emotional loss"}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 , }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "loss of friendship and companionship"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 and }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "loss of pride in deceased's accomplishments"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 cannot be taken into account nor allowable in assessing damages.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 It has been so held by the Supreme Court in }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 McCARTHY v PALMER} {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (1957) NZLR 442 where in the headnote it is stated: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "A claim under the Deaths by Accidents Compensation Act 1952, on behalf of the w idow and children as the result of the death of the husband and father, for damages in respect of the loss of the society, care, guidance and affection of the husband and father respectively, discloses no cause of action under the statute, since damages a re recoverable thereunder by members of the family only to the extent of the loss of presumed advantage by the persons for whose benefit the action is brought."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par It has been the practice of the Courts to grant a very nominal sum as damages where deceaseds are infants of tender age and are not in any employment. \par \par The case of }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 BUCKLAND v GUILDFORD GAS LIGHT AND COKE CO}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (1949) 1 KB 410 involved the deceased, a girl aged 13.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 She was a bright intelligent girl competent to look after a younger child aged eight.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 There MORRIS J in awarding the sum of \'a3200 (after assessing the damages under the Fatal Accidents at \'a3500 and reducing them to \'a3200 taking the Law Reform into account) observed: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "She assisted her parents in the home and it was anticipated that her gifts woul d later have enabled her to contribute financially as well as by services to the household.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 The extent to which she could and would have done so must be considered with due regard to all the chances and changes that might have affected her and also her parents."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par In }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 ELLIS v OCEAN STEAMSHIP CO LTD}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (1958) 1 Lloyd's Rep. 471 in the case of the deceased aged 17 years when killed, the sum of \'a3108 was awarded on a multiplier of 3. \par \par In }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 WAHEN v VERNON (1970) RTR 471}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 the sum of \'a3500 was awarded in the case of the deceased who was 17 \'bd years of age at the date of his death and who earned \'a36.50 per week as an apprentice. \par \par In an unauthenticated award referred to in }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 KEMP & KEMP Vol 3 M6 - 076}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 in }{ \f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 SPITALALI v WASHBOURNE}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (1975) }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 RICHARDS J}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 awarded the sum of \'a3800 in the case of the deceased aged 14.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 In the report to that case (supra) it is stated thus about the deceased:- \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "Came from Sicilian family consisting of his parents, who were now both aged 49, himself and three sisters (one of whom had now married).}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 Happy and healthy boy.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 Had done well at school and likely that, when he completed his education, he would have achieved standard which would have enabled him to obtain job of considerably higher status than that done by his father, who was a machine cleaner.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 If he had lived and once he had gone to work, he could well have contributed towards cost of family visits to Sicily.}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 Would probably have supported parents if they fell on bad times due to failure to obtain work or ill health, as was the custom in Sicilian families." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par In the case of a youth aged 18 years unmarried and unemployed DYKE J. awarded $1250.00 (}{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 GAURI SHANKAR v MODERN LAND DEVELOPMENT CO LTD}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (High Court [Western Division] C.A. 335/83). \par \par In the present action, doing the best I can bearing in mind the principles t o be applied in cases of this nature and after being guided by the cases to which I have made reference I am satisfied that the Plaintiff had a reasonable expectation of pecuniary benefit.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 The deceased no doubt was very young but in my view at about 16 years of age he would have been of assistance to his parents.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 He would have contributed part of his future earnings to his parents for the upkeep of the household.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 No doubt he would have married in due course and his contribution to his parents then would have reduced considerably.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 In this case I would fix the multiplier at 9 worked out on the basis that from the age of 16 years he would have contributed until 25 years of age (when he probably would have married) the sum of $8 per week i.e. $416 per year for 9 years making a total of $4044.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 There is paucity of cases to fall back on in assessing damages in the case of minors and as }{ \f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 McCARDIE J}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 said in }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 BARNETT v COHEN}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (supra) }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "the whole matter is beset with doubts, contingencies, and uncertainties"}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 ; however, I consider that I ought to assess and make an award which in my considered view would be reasonable in the circumstances of this case. \par \par In the circumstances I award the said sum of $4044 under this head; there will therefore be judgment for the Plaintiff in the said sum. \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (b)\tab }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 DAMAGES UNDER THE LAW REFORM}{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (}{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 )}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (}{ \f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 DEATH AND INTEREST) ACT}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par Under this head for loss of expectation of life I assess it at $1000.00. \par \par Following the decision in }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 DAVIES & ANOR v. POWELL DUFFRYM ASSOCIATED COLLIERIES, LTD}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 1942 AC 601 this award will merge into the award under the Compensation to Relatives Act. \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (c)\tab }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 SPECIAL DAMAGES}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par The special damages claim relates to funeral expenses. \par \par Although there is no definition of 'funeral expenses' in Cap. 29 it provides in s.11 that }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "damages may be awarded in respect of the funeral expenses of the deceased person if such expenses have been incurred by the parties for whose benefit the action is brought"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 ; it would appear therefore that the test of reasonableness would apply. \par \par Some indication of what the word }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "funeral"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 is usually taken to comprehend has been stated by }{ \f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 MAYO J}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 . in }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 PUBLIC TRUSTEE v BEDNARCZYK (1959) SASR 178 at 180}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (quoting from LUNTZ on Assessment of Damages 3rd Ed. p. 439) as follows:- \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "The word 'funeral' is usually t aken to comprehend the disposal of human remains, including accompanying rites and ceremonies, that is to say, the procedure of, and appertaining to, burial or cremation, in the course of which the body is prepared for burial and co}{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 n}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 veyed by cortege to the necropolis.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 Such initial stages as acquisition of burial plot, public notice, obtaining a certificate of death, permission to cremate or bury, will form part of the procedure and the cost will be funeral expenses." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par According to custom there are certain expenses, such as in this case, for the }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "regu regu"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 that one cannot avoid and it certainly is part of the expenses relating to the funeral of the deceased.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 In the Fiji context, bearing in mind the traditional Fijian ceremony associated with the funeral I will allow a reasonable sum under this head.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 In }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 KESI GANIKELI LIVA v MAHENDRA PAL CHAUDHARY}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 (Supreme Court C.A. 391/79) the then Chief Registrar (now SCOTT J) awarded the sum of $1500 for funeral expenses; and in }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 SHIU SHANKAR s/o Chunni v MADHWAN & ANOR (Sup Ct. Ltk C.A. 31/74}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 ) DYKE J}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 stated that }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 "religious rites following the death of a Hindu person are reasonable and the claim under this head is allowed"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 . \par \par I award the sum of $1500 for funeral expenses as special damages. \par \par }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 CONCLUSION}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par \par In the result I allow the sum of $4044 under Compensation to Relatives Act (Cap 29) and $1000 under Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions Act) (Death and Interest) Act (Cap. 27).}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 The sum of $1000 under Cap. 27 falls to be deducted from Cap. 29 following the decision in DAVIES (supra).}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 The total award therefore is $4044 which falls for distribution.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 To this award is to be added the sum of $1500 as special damages. \par \par I therefore give judgment for the Plaintiff against the defendants in the sum of $5544. \par \par The said sum of $4044 is to be divided equally between the Plaintiff (as the father) and the deceased's mother. \par \par The funeral expenses is allocated to the Plaintiff as the father. \par \par I award costs against the Defendants which are to be taxed if not agreed. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 D. Pathik \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 Acting Puisne Judge}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080\charrsid11429743 \par At Suva \par 31st March, 1994}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1246080 \par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11429743 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743\charrsid11429743 HBC}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743 0302A.92S}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11429743\charrsid11429743 \par }}