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\f5\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par CIVIL ACTION NO. 168 OF 1994
\par 
\par Between:
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 RAIJIELI NAQARASE
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 Plaintiff/Respondent
\par 
\par - and -
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606\charrsid13699606 1. }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 THE PUBLIC TRUSTEE OF FIJI
\par 2.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606\charrsid13699606  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 LATILETA NIUMATAIWALU
\par 3.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606\charrsid13699606  }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 ATTORNEY-GENERAL
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 Defendants/Applicants
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par Mr. Ram Chand for the Plaintiff
\par Mr. M.L. Ahmadu for the Defendants
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4420\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 REASONS FOR JUDGMENT}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par By Summons dated 20 May 1994 the first and the third defendants applied to Court for an Order that this }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid473671 action be struck out under the O}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 .18 rule 18(1)(b) & (d) of the High Court Rules 1988 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 "as well as under the inherent jurisdiction"}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606  of the Court upon the following grounds:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 "(i)\tab 
That the subject matter of this action has been disposed of by an Order of the High Court of Fiji, dated June 10, 1993.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 (ii)\tab That based on paragraph (1) ab
ove as well as on the contents of averments in supporting Affidavit, the present action is prejudicial to First, Second and Third Defendants.}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 (iii)\tab 
That the proper course of action opened to the Plaintiff on June 10, 1993, when the High Court Ordered diss
olution of the Ex -parte Order and consequent vacation of the Caveat, was to lodge an appeal against the ruling, rather than instituting this present action.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606  
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 (iv)\tab That the present action constitutes an abuse of Court process".}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par On 20 October 1994 I gave oral judgment and made an order striking out the action and indicated that I will give reasons later and place on the file which I now do.
\par 
\par Mr. Ram Chand who acts for the Plaintiff was ordered to file a Reply to the first Defendant's Affidavits in support of the summons but he failed to do so despite adjournments on a number of occasions on his applications.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 The matter was dragging on unnecessarily and no further indulgence could be given to the Plaintiff.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 In any case the Plaintiff's Counsel failed to appear on 20 October 1994, }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid473671 
the date set down for argument.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par 
\par Two very comprehensive affidavits sworn 4 May 1994 and 5 October 1994 were filed and served on the Plaintiff by the first defendant in support of the Summons.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 The affidavits were sworn by }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 PENI SE TAGANEKURUKURU}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 , the Assistant Public Trustee of Fiji who was duly authorized to make them.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 There he sets out the history of the administration of the estate of }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 ILAITIA VOA NIUMATAIWALU}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606  (hereafter referred to as the }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 'deceased'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
) who died intestate on 17 August 1986, and how the distribution of the assets of the estate took place.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
The property the subject-matter of this action formed part of the estate of the deceased.
\par 
\par Briefly the facts as deposed to by the said TANGANEKURUKURU}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 are as follows:-
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 (a)\tab Letters of Adm
inistration of the estate of the deceased was granted to the Public Trustee in January 1987.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid473671 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 (b)\tab 
The property, the subject matter of this action was valued at $42,000 as at 17 August 1986.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid473671 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 (c)\tab Since the second defendant, the widow of the deceased, was in
terested in purchasing the property, after numerous correspondence with the beneficiaries and after tender was called, the second defendant's tender of $45,000 was accepted by the Public Trustee.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid473671 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 (d)\tab Caveats were lodged by the Plaintiff and on behalf of o
ther beneficiaries on 1st April 1991 and 2nd October 1992.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid473671 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 (e)\tab 
By an ex parte order made on 12 February 1993 in Civil Action No. 49 of 1993, Caveat Regd. No. 327766 was extended until further order AND this order was on 8 June 1993 vacated.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid473671 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 (f)\tab Subsequen
t to the said order of 8 June the first defendant sold the said property to the second defendant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par Now I shall consider the issue before me.
\par 
\par As for ground (i) in the Summons, I agree with Mr. Ahmadu that when the said Order of June 1993 was made vacating the caveat, it enabled the first defendant to proceed to dispose the property which he did.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par 
\par The vacation of the said order also meant that the Civil Action No. 49/93 under which the ex parte order of 12 February 1993 was obtained was also disposed.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 I als
o agree that to institute the present action (civil action 168/94) which is the same as the said action 49/93 and covering the same subject-matter is an abuse of the process of the Court.
\par 
\par In }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 ASHMORE v BRITISH COAL CORPORATION}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606  (1990) 2 Q.B. 338 at 348, on the subject of abuse of process }{
\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 STUART-SMITH L.J}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 . said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
"A litigant has a right to have his claim litigated, provided it is not frivolous, vexatious or an abuse of the process.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
What may constitute such conduct must depend on all the circumstances of the case; the categories are not closed and considerations of public policy and the interests of justice may be very material.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
In Hunder v. Chief Constable of the West Midlands Police [1982] A.C. 529, 536 Lord Diplock, with whose speech the rest of the House agreed, said:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid473671 {\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 'My Lords, this is a case about abuse of the process of the High Court.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
It concerns the inherent power which any court of justice must possess to prevent misuse of its procedure in a way which, although not inconsistent with the literal applic
ation of its procedural rules, would nevertheless be manifestly unfair to a party to litigation before it, or would otherwise bring the administration of justice into disrepute among right-thinking people.}{
\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 The circumstances in which abuse of process can ar
ise are very varied; those which give rise to the instant appeal must surely be unique.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606  }{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
It would, in my view, be most unwise if this House were to use this occasion to say anything that might be taken as limiting to fixed categories the kinds of circumstan
ces in which the court has a duty (I disavow the word discretion) to exercise this salutary power.}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid473671 '}{\b\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 "}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par Bearing in mind what is stated in the above-quoted passage I find there is an abuse of process in this case.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606\charrsid13699606 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 I agree with Mr. Ahmadu that the contents of
 the Assistant Public Trustee's Affidavits, which I accept, reveal that the Public Trustee exercised all reasonable care in the administration and conduct of the Estate and in the subsequent steps taken in selling the property in question in the exercise 
of his powers.
\par 
\par No Reply to the First Defendant's Affidavits in support of the Summons has been filed despite a Court order to do so.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
Hence the contents of the affidavits have gone unchallenged.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 Not only that, the Plaintiff's counsel failed to appear in Cou
rt on the adjourned date for argument for some unexplained reason.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
Most of the adjournments, which were at the behest of the Plaintiff's counsel have come to nought.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
All this clearly proves an abuse of process.
\par 
\par For the foregoing reasons, the Plaintiff's action is struck out as an abuse of the process of the Court with costs against the Plaintiff which is to be taxed unless agreed upon.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 D. Pathik
\par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 Judge}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par Suva
\par 20 October, 1994
\par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13699606 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13699606 HBC0168J.94S}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4071793\charrsid13699606 
\par }}