{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang5129\deflangfe5129{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\f2\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}{\f77\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f78\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f80\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\f81\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f82\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f83\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f84\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\f85\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f97\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f98\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f100\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}
{\f101\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f102\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f103\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f104\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}
{\f105\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;
\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext15 \ssemihidden endnote text;}{\*\cs16 \additive \super \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden endnote reference;}{\s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext17 \ssemihidden footnote text;}{\*\cs18 \additive \super \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden footnote reference;}{\s19\ql \fi-720\li720\ri720\sb480\sl240\slmult0\nowidctlpar
\tqr\tldot\tx9360\hyphpar0\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \sautoupd \ssemihidden toc 1;}{\s20\ql \li720\ri720\sl240\slmult0\nowidctlpar
\tqr\tldot\tx9360\hyphpar0\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \sautoupd \ssemihidden toc 2;}{\s21\ql \li720\ri720\sl240\slmult0\nowidctlpar
\tqr\tldot\tx9360\hyphpar0\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \sautoupd \ssemihidden toc 3;}{\s22\ql \li720\ri720\sl240\slmult0\nowidctlpar
\tqr\tldot\tx9360\hyphpar0\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \sautoupd \ssemihidden toc 4;}{\s23\ql \li720\ri720\sl240\slmult0\nowidctlpar
\tqr\tldot\tx9360\hyphpar0\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \sautoupd \ssemihidden toc 5;}{\s24\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl240\slmult0\nowidctlpar
\tqr\tx9360\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \sautoupd \ssemihidden toc 6;}{\s25\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0 
\f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \sautoupd \ssemihidden toc 7;}{\s26\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tqr\tx9360\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0 
\f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \sautoupd \ssemihidden toc 8;}{\s27\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9360\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0 
\f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \sautoupd \ssemihidden toc 9;}{\s28\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9360\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0 
\f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \sautoupd \ssemihidden index 1;}{\s29\ql \li720\ri0\sl240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9360\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0 
\f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \sautoupd \ssemihidden index 2;}{\s30\ql \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tqr\tx9360\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\f2\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \ssemihidden toa heading;}{\s31\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \ssemihidden 
caption;}{\*\cs32 \additive _Equation Caption;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid100{\listlevel\levelnfc1\levelnfcn1\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow2\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}}{\listlevel\levelnfc3
\levelnfcn3\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow2\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}}{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow2\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}}{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow2\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}}{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow2
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'04);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}}{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow2\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'05);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}}{\listlevel\levelnfc2
\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow2\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'06);}{\levelnumbers\'01;}}{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow2\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'02\'07);}{\levelnumbers\'01;}}{\listlevel\levelnfc255\levelnfcn255\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'00;}{\levelnumbers;}}{\listname WP List 0;}\listid100}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid100
\listoverridecount0\ls1}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid2127425\rsid2707516\rsid4800123\rsid4813195\rsid5792671\rsid6125904\rsid12935475\rsid13041808\rsid13047037\rsid15364321}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.4219;}{\info
{\title SITIVENI L RABUKA v WELLINGTON NEWSPAPERS LTD, KARL DU PRESNE [25 NOV 92]}{\subject DAMAGESDEFAMATION}{\author JOHN E. BYRNE}
{\doccomm  IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI;  ( AT SUVA );  CIVIL JURISDICTION; ACTION NO. 238 OF 1990; BETWEEN :      SITIVENI L. RABUKA  of Battery Road,;   Veiuto, Fiji       Plaintiff;      AND;   WELLINGTON NEWSPAPERS LTD  of ;   82 Willis Street, Welli
ngton,;   New }{\operator Emalus Campus}{\creatim\yr2003\mo7\dy31\hr15\min3}{\revtim\yr2003\mo7\dy31\hr15\min3}{\version2}{\edmins0}{\nofpages12}{\nofwords4577}{\nofchars26094}{\*\company USP}{\nofcharsws30610}{\vern16469}}\margl1440\margr1440 
\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\hyphhotz950\notabind\wraptrsp\nocolbal\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\sprslnsp\nospaceforul\lytprtmet\hyphcaps0\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3
\jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale100\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot5792671 \fet0{\*\ftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5792671 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\insrsid13047037 \chftnsep }{
\insrsid13047037 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl-20\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\insrsid13047037 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5792671 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\insrsid13047037  }{\insrsid13047037 
\par }}{\*\aftncn \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5792671 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\insrsid13047037  }{\insrsid13047037 
\par }}\sectd \sbknone\linex0\headery1440\footery1440\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5792671\sftnbj {\header \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5792671 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft1440\shptop0\shpright10800\shpbottom240\shpfhdr1\shpbxpage\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt0\shpz0\shplid1026
{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lTxid}{\sv 131072}}{\sp{\sn dxTextLeft}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextTop}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dxTextRight}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn dyTextBottom}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn lineWidth}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fShadow}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn posrelh}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\shptxt \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\insrsid5792671 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang1033\langfe5129\langnp1033\insrsid5792671 page \\* arabic}}{\fldrslt {
\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1033\insrsid4813195 12}}}{\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang1033\langfe5129\langnp1033\insrsid5792671 
\par }}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxpage\dobypara\dodhgt8192\dptxbx\dptxlrtb{\dptxbxtext\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\insrsid5792671 \tab }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang1033\langfe5129\langnp1033\insrsid5792671 page \\* arabic}}{\fldrslt {\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1033\insrsid4813195 12}}}{\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang1033\langfe5129\langnp1033\insrsid5792671 

\par }}\dpx1440\dpy0\dpxsize9360\dpysize240\dpfillfgcr255\dpfillfgcg255\dpfillfgcb255\dpfillbgcr255\dpfillbgcg255\dpfillbgcb255\dpfillpat0\dplinehollow}}}}{\insrsid5792671 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sa140\sl-100\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs10\insrsid5792671 
\par }}{\footer \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sb140\sl-100\slmult0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\fs10\insrsid5792671 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang1033\langfe5129\langnp1033\insrsid5792671 A:\\HBC0238D.90S
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 
\f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par (AT SUVA)
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par ACTION NO. 238 OF 1990
\par 
\par BETWEEN:
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 SITIVENI L. RABUKA}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425\charrsid2127425 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 of Battery Road,}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425\charrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Veiuto, Fiji}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425\charrsid2127425 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 - Plaintiff
\par 
\par AND
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 WELLINGTON NEWSPAPERS LTD}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425\charrsid2127425 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 of 82 Willis Street, Wellington,}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425\charrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 New Zealand}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425\charrsid2127425 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 - First Defendant
\par 
\par AND
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 KARL DU FRESNE}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425\charrsid2127425 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 of 82 Willis Street,}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425\charrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Wellington, New Zealand, Editor}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425\charrsid2127425 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 - Second Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par Mr. S.J. Stanton}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425 : }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 For the Plaintiff
\par Mr. J.G. Singh}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425 : }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 For the Defendants
\par 
\par Dates of Hearing}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425 : }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 30th }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425 
September 1991, 26th February, }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 3rd March, 13th November 1992 
\par Date of Ruling}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425 : }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 25th November 1992
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 RULING}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par The Plaintiff is at present the Prime Minister of Fiji but at the time relevant to the matter before me was the Commander of the Fiji Military Forces.
\par 
\par The First Defendant is and was at all material times a foreign corporation duly incorporated pursuant to the laws of New Zealand and able to be sued in and by its corporate name.
\par 
\par The Second Defendant is and was at all material times the publisher of "The Dominion" a newspaper published in New Zealand and allegedly distributed throughout the North and South Islands and in the South Pacific including Fiji.
\par 
\par On the 19th of July, 1990 I granted the Plaintiff leave to serve a Writ claiming damages for defamation against the Defendants out of Fiji and in New Zealand.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 The Writ was duly served on the Defendants who have now entered a conditional Appearance designed so far only "to contest the jurisdiction".}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 The}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 subject matter of the Writ against the Defendants is an article published on or about Monday, 18th of June 1990 in "The Dominion"
 newspaper containing matter allegedly defamatory of the Plaintiff.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
It is alleged that the article in the newspaper which was published in New Zealand and in Fiji and elsewhere in the South Pacific was calculated to and has injured the Plaintiff in his cre
dit, reputation and occupation and has held him up to public scandal, odium and contempt.
\par 
\par The application for leave to serve the Writ of Summons in New Zealand was supported by a short affidavit by the Solicitor for the Plaintiff of which paragraphs 2 and 4 are relevant and read as follows:-
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 "2.\tab Upon instructions received and having the article in}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2707516  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 particular newspaper in question I am able to say that}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2707516  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 the Defendants are justly and truly liable for damages}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2707516  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 in respect of the intended defamation action to be}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 instituted by the Plaintiff and which is the subject of}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 the within action.
\par 
\par 4.\tab I am instructed and do veri}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2707516 ly believe that the Plaintiff }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
has a good cause of action against both the Defendants."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par On the 26th of October 1990 the Defendants' solicitors filed an acknowledgement of service of the Writ of Summons and on the 30th of October 1990 issued the Summons which is presently before me seeking the following Orders:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 (a)\tab A declaration that the purported issue and service}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2707516  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 of the Writ and other documents is a nullity.
\par 
\par (b)\tab That the Order granting Leave to serve the proceedings outside Fiji be set aside.
\par 
\par (c)\tab An Order setting aside the Writ and service of the}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Writ on the Defendants.
\par 
\par (d)\tab A declaration that in the circumstances of the case}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2707516  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 the Court has no juri}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2707516 sdiction over the Defendants }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 in this matter.
\par 
\par (e)\tab An Order that the Plaintiff pay the costs of this}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Application.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par The Summons is supported by four affidavits, one by Hamish Gavin Turnbull the Secretary of the First Defendant, two affidavits by the Second Def
endant who is the Editor of "The Dominion" newspaper and the third by Stuart William Tamarapa of Wellington, New Zealand the Circulation Manager of the First Defendant.
\par 
\par In his affidavit Mr. Turnbull states that the First Defendant does not have any business property or assets in Fiji.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 It does not have any attorney in Fiji.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 It does not have any presence in Fiji.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Mr. Turnbull also states that the First Defendant is the publisher of "The Dominion" newspaper. 
\par 
\par The two affidavits filed by Karl John Du Fresne the Second Defendant state that Mr. Du Fresne is the editor of "The Dominion" newspaper.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 He has no business property, assets or attorney in Fiji.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 He also says that no copy of "The Dominion" newspaper of 18th June 1990 was sent to or published by the First Defendant or himself in Fiji.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
Neither the First Defendant nor Mr. Du Fresne authorisied any republication of the issue of the 18th of June 1990 in Fiji.
\par 
\par Finally Mr. Du Fresne says he has no knowledge of any copy of the issue of "The Dominion" newspaper of 
the 18th of June 1990 being sent to Fiji and he has no knowledge of whether or if so how the Plaintiff or his solicitor came to have in Fiji a copy of the issue of the 18th of June 1990.
\par 
\par The last affidavit filed on behalf of the Defendant is by Mr. Tamarapa the Circulation Manager of the First Defendant.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
Mr. Tamarapa states that after making a search of the circulation records of the First Defendant he has discovered that the First Defendant does not have any agent, news vendor or other person}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 authorised in Fiji to sell or distribute "The Dominion".
\par 
\par He further says that no copies of "The Dominion" are sent by the First Defendant to subscribers, agents, news vendors or any other persons in Fiji.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Specifically, no copy of "The Dominion" of the 18th of June 1990 was sent by the First Defendant to Fiji.
\par 
\par Two further affidavits have been filed on behalf of the Defendants, one by John Barr Stevenson the New Zealand solicitor for the Defendants and the other by Joan Wiltshire the Manager (Operations) of the New Zealand Immigration Service.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
These relate to whether or not the Plaintiff ever obtained a visitor's permit to visit New Zealand and state in effect that the Plaintiff has never been refused such a permit to enter New Zealand.
\par 
\par These affidavits were filed in response to an affidavit by the Plaintiff claiming that from May 1987 to July 1991 the Government of New Zealand had refused to issue him a visa to enter New Zealand.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Since then however, and as a matter of common knowledge, the Plaintiff has visited New Zea
land at least twice, the last in his capacity as the Prime Minister of Fiji, so that this allegation has no relevance to the matter before me and I therefore ignore it.
\par 
\par In reply to the affidavits relating to publication of "The Dominion" in Fiji the Plain
tiff relies on three affidavits, the first by his solicitor Vijaya Parmanandam, paragraphs 2 and 4 of which I have quoted above, an affidavit by Hari Shankar and an affidavit by Ratu Meli Saronicava Baleilakeba.
\par 
\par Hari Shankar states that he is the Chief Law Clerk of the solicitor for the Plaintiff.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
He recalls that sometime in June 1990 his employer asked him to go to the New Zealand Embassy in Fiji to see whether the Embassy kept "The Dominion" newspaper in its reading room for the use of the public and whe
ther the newspaper of the 18th of June was also in the reading room.
\par 
\par Mr. Shankar states that he discovered that "The Dominion" newspaper was in the reading room as was the issue of the 18th of June 1990.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 He then states that as instructed by his employer h
e spent another 45 minutes approximately pretending to read other newspapers but in fact watching to see whether members of the public were reading "The Dominion" newspaper and after having observed that only one person read the newspaper Mr. Shankar left
 the Embassy.
\par 
\par The affidavit of Ratu Meli Saronicava Baleilakeba states that he is a Process Server and Student and part-time clerk who is undertaking a course in the Diploma of Law.
\par 
\par He states that towards the end of June or early July 1990 while in the newspaper room of the University of the South Pacific Library reading newspapers he found an article in "The Dominion" newspaper concerning the Plaintiff.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
He photocopied the article in the Library and on the following day when he came to the office of the Pl
aintiff's solicitor to show it to him the Plaintiff's solicitor replied that he already knew about it as he had already received certain instructions from the Plaintiff.
\par 
\par The second affidavit filed by the Second Defendant is in response to the affidavit of Hari Shankar and Ratu Meli Saronicava Baleilakeba.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
Mr. Du Fresne states that he had no knowledge that any copy or copies of "The Dominion" newspaper were in the New Zealand Embassy in Fiji or in the University of the South Pacific Library and, to the best
 of his knowledge and belief no other person employed by the First Defendant had such knowledge.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
Mr. Du Fresne deposes that he did not have any part in the sending or distribution of "The Dominion" to the New Zealand Embassy in Fiji or to the University of
 the South Pacific Library and, to the best of his knowledge and belief, nor did any other person employed by the Defendant have such knowledge.
\par 
\par These then are the allegations made by the parties up to the present time.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
The parties have filed written submissions and in addition I have heard oral argument on the question of whether I should discharge my order granting the Plaintiff leave to serve the Writ.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 I must say at the outset that I find certain parts of the Plaintiff's written submissions far from cle
ar in the language used and, at times, difficult to understand the argument purported to be addressed to the court.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 I mention it here in the hope that}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 in the future counsel and solicitors drawing submissions will use as far as possible simple and unconvoluted language to express themselves.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 In so doing they will make the task of the judge, let alone their opponent much easier.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 That said, I now turn to the submissions made to me.
\par 
\par The first objection on behalf of the Defendants is to the admissibility of the evidence of Hari Shankar on the grounds that Mr. Shankar and through him the Plaintiff, through his solicitor violated the premises of the New Zealand Embassy in Fiji.
\par 
\par The Defendants rely on Article 22 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations dated 18th April 1961 which provides that the premises of a Diplomatic Mission shall be inviolable.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 The agents of the receiving State may not enter the premises, except with the consent of the Head of the Mission.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Further the receiving State is under a specia
l duty to take all necessary steps to protect the premises of the Mission against any intrusion or damage and to prevent any disturbance of the peace of the Mission or impairment of its dignity.
\par 
\par In my view this submission completely misunderstands the privileges given to Diplomatic Missions by the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Article 22 obviously gives inviolability}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 to the premises of the Mission and not to the Defendants.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Furthermore I regard as ridiculous the claim that the Mission was being spied upon by the Plaintiff's solicitor or his clerk.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
In my view the Plaintiff's solicitor or his clerk were simply exercising a right given to them as members of the public by the New Zealand Embassy to go into the Embassy's reading room and read whatever literature or newspaper they might find there.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 This submission in my view is completely lacking in merit and I reject it.
\par 
\par Next the Defendants submit that no application was made for leave to issue the Writ as required by Order 6 of the Rules of the High Court.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Order 6, Rule 6(1) reads as follows:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
"No writ which is to be served out of the jurisdiction shall be issued without the leave of the Court:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
Provided that if every claim made by a writ is one which by virtue of an enactment the High Court has pow
er to hear and determine, notwithstanding that the person against whom the claim is made is not within the jurisdiction of the Court or that the wrongful act, neglect or default giving rise to the claim did not take place within its jurisdiction, the fore
going provision shall not apply to the writ."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par The Defendants submit that the proviso to Order 6, Rule 6 has no application to this case as the jurisdiction in defamation is derived from the inherent jurisdiction of the Court, which may be traced back to early times.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
I accept that as good law but then the submission continues that there is nothing in the Defamation Act 1978 Chapter 34 or any other enactment which gives the Court jurisdiction in terms of the proviso.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 In short, so it is said, no Writ relating 
to a claim for defamation which is to be served outside the jurisdiction may be issued without leave of the Court.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
In this case the Plaintiff has not sought any leave to issue the Writ and the Court has ma}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475 de no order for leave to issue. }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 It is submitted that Order 6 is for present purposes in the same form as the English Order 6, Rule 7(1).}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
It is then said that the Annual Practice 1988 (The White Book) page 88 makes it clear that it is necessary in those circumstances to obtain leave to }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 issue}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425  and }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 serve}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 .}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 The
n the submission sets out the English procedure, which I need not copy here, but from which I shall take certain extracts.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 It is then argued that the same procedure should be followed in Fiji.
\par 
\par Broadly the procedure in England in the Queens Bench and Chanc
ery Division is that the application is made ex-parte to a Master who, in a clear case himself gives leave or, otherwise refers the matter to a judge who if satisfied grants leave, which is endorsed on the Writ.
\par 
\par The application must be supported by an affidavit made by any person with knowledge of the facts but more usually it is made by the Plaintiff's solicitors.
\par 
\par The contents of the affidavit are then prescribed but, for reasons which will shortly appear, I need not state them here.
\par 
\par The Defendants then say that no Summons or affidavit has been filed for leave to issue and that the affidavit before the Court on the application for leave to serve out of the juris}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4800123 
diction is defective in that it:}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 (a)\tab does not establish a good arguable case;
\par 
\par (b)\tab does not make the sub-rule clear; and
\par 
\par (c)\tab is not sufficiently full to constitute a frank}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 affidavit.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par In reply the Plaintiff argues that it is misleading and indeed irrelevant for the Defendants to rely on the English Order 6 of the Supreme Court Rules.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 This is because it is said}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4800123 :}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 (a)\tab Defamation is and always was within the jurisdiction}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 of this Court at Common Law to try and determine.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 The foundation for such jurisdiction lies in the}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Supreme Court Act, Sections 18, 22 and 23 as to}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 practice and procedure.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Section 18 of the Supreme Court Act Cap 13 states:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
"The Supreme Court shall, within Fiji, and subject as in this Act mentioned, possess and exercise all the jurisdiction, powers and authorities which are for the time being vested in or capable of being exercised by
 Her Majesty's High Court of Justice in England."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Section 22 reads:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 "(1)}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
The common law, the rules of equity and the statutes of general application which were in force in England at the date when Fiji obtained a local legislature, that is to say, on the
 second day of January, 1875, shall be in force within Fiji subject to the provisions of section 24 of this Act.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid12935475 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 (2)}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
For the removal of doubt, it is hereby declared that the provisions of sections 24 and 25 of the Supreme Court of Judicature Act, 1873, ar
e in force in Fiji notwithstanding that the commencement of that Act was postponed in England until after the said second day of January, 1875."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Section 23 reads:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
"Such portions of the practice of the English courts as existed on the said second day of January, 1875, shall be in force in Fiji subject to the provisions of section 24, and}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475  }{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 except so far as such practice may be inconsistent with any general rules of the Supreme Court relating to practice and procedure."}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid12935475 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 (b)\tab No where, it is s}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475 aid, does this appear in the }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Defendants' submissions.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 (c)}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475 \tab }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Further it is contended}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475 
 that defamation by Writ and }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
Statement of Claim was a practice and a cause of action respectively known to and utilised by the High Court of Justice and hence capable of sustaining jurisdiction in Fiji in and out of the High Court of Fiji.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
Furthermore it is submitted sections 8 and 9 of the Judicature Decree 1988 published on the 16th of January 1988 confirm and re-inforce the fact that the High court is a Court of unlimited original jurisdict
ion to hear and determine any civil or criminal proceedings under any law.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
It is desirable to set out sections 8 and 9 here.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 They read:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 "}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid12935475 Powers to hear and determine civil and}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475\charrsid12935475  }{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid12935475 criminal cases.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par 
\par }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 8.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 (1)}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475 \tab }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 The High Court shall have unlimited original}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 jurisdiction to hear and determine any civil}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 or criminal proceedings under any law and such}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 other jurisdiction and powers as may be conferred on it by this Decree or any other}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 law.
\par 
\par (2)}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475 \tab }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 The High Court shall have jurisdiction to hear}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 and determine appeals in both civil and criminal matters from courts subordinate to it}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 as may be conferred on it by this Decree or any}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 other law.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Jurisdiction of High Court with respect to}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 existing laws.
\par 
\par 9.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 (1)}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475 \tab }{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of this Decree with respect to the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475  }{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 jurisdiction of the High Court, any reference}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475  }{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 in the existing laws to the words: "the Supreme}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Court" shall be construed as a reference to the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 High Court established under this Decree.
\par 
\par (2)}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475 \tab }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 For the avoidance of doubt the jurisdiction of}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 the High Court shall include the jurisdiction}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 and powers vested in the Supreme Court under}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 the existing laws."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par I find the Plaintiff's submissions on this question most persuasive.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
It is true as the Defendants submit that there is nothing in the Defamation Act 1978 which gives this Court jurisdiction in terms of the proviso to Order 6, Rule 6, but likewise, there is nothing in the Act which does not give the Court jurisdiction.

\par 
\par The Defamation Act is essentially an Act setting out the nature of the cause of action of defamation and the procedure to be followed in any court on the trial of an action for defamation.
\par 
\par In that situation in my judgment it must have been the intention of the Parliament or those responsible for the passing of the Judicature Decree 1988 to
 give the High Court unlimited jurisdiction in all matters unless exceptions to particular causes of action were specified.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 There are no exceptions either in the Supreme Court Act or the Judicature Decree.
\par 
\par Also I consider that if the word "enactment" in the proviso to Order 6, Rule 6 is not meant to include the Judicature Decree and its fore-runners, Rule 6 is meaningless.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 I therefore reject the Defendants' submission on Order 6 and hold that it was not necessary for the Plaintiff to first obtain leave of 
this Court before issuing the Writ herein.
\par 
\par The Defendants then submit that in any event leave to serve the Writ out of Fiji should not have been granted.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 This submission calls into consideration Order 11 of the Rules of this Court.
\par 
\par Order 11, Rule 1(1) deals with service of process out of the jurisdiction.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
The relevant part of the rule reads:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
"... service of a writ out of the jurisdiction is permissible with the leave of the Court if in the action begun by the writ:..........
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid12935475 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 (f) the claim is founded on 
a tort and the damage was sustained or resulted from an act committed, within the jurisdiction."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par Order 11, Rule 1(2) reads:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
"(2) Service of a writ out of the jurisdiction is permissible without the leave of the Court provided that each claim made by the 
writ is a claim which by virtue of any enactment the High Court has power to hear and determine notwithstanding that the person against whom the claim is made is not within the jurisdiction or that the wrongful act, neglect or default giving rise to the c
laim did not take place within its jurisdiction."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par The Defendants submit that paragraph (2) does not apply in this case as there is no enactment which gives the High Court jurisdiction to hear a defamation claim notwithstanding that the defendant is not within the jurisdiction.
\par 
\par For the reasons which I have just given on the Defendants' submission on Order 6 I hold that a combination of sections 18, 22 and 23 of the Supreme Court Act and sections 8 and 9 of the Judicature Decree 1988 give this Court jurisdic
tion to hear the present claim notwithstanding that the Defendants a}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475 re not within the jurisdiction.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 

\par 
\par It seems to me however that there is also another reason on which I can reject the Defendants' submissions on Orders 6 and 11.
\par 
\par Counsel for the Defendants referred me to paragraph 193 of Volume 37 of Halsbury's Laws of England, 4th Edition which comments on the English RSC Order 6, r.7(1) proviso and Order 11, r.1(2).}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 The author states that this provision gives effect to the Civil Aviation (Eurocontrol) Act 
1962, s.7(3) which it is thought is at present the only relevant statute to which it applies in England.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Section 7(3) of that Act states that a Court in any part of the United Kingdom}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475  shall have jurisdiction
}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 -
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 (a)}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475 \tab }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 to hear and determine a claim for charges payable}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 to the Minister by virtue of regulations made under}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 the Act, notwithstanding that the person against}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 whom the claim is made is not resident within the}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 jurisdiction of the Court;
\par 
\par (b)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475 \tab }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 to hear and determine a claim against the European}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Organisation for the safety of Air Navigation}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 (referred to as Eurocontrol) for damages in respect}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
of any wrongful act, neglect or default notwithstanding that such act, neglect or default did not take place within the jurisdiction of the Court or that the Organisation is not present within the jurisdiction of the Court.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par From the title to the United Kingdom Act I note that one of its objects is to provide for the recovery of charges for services provided for aircraft.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 One may deduce therefore that the United Kingdom Parl
iament considered it necessary to provide specifically that the Courts of the United Kingdom shall have jurisdiction to hear claims for such charges incurred obviously by the operators of international and not merely domestically registered aircraft in th
e United Kingdom.
\par 
\par I observe that the Rules of the Supreme Court of England are not identical in every respect with those of the High Court of Fiji for obvious reasons and that in considering the questions which fall for decision for example in this case th
is Court should not slavishly follow the English Rules when there are good reasons, including those of common sense, for not so doing.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 I stand by the opinion I have expressed about Order 6 as it applies to this case, that by its silence on the point the inte}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475 ntion of the draftsman of the De}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
famation Act must have been that any other relevant legislation would where necessary apply to it.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
I find such legislation in the Supreme Court Act and the Judicature Decree to which I have previously referred.
\par 
\par However the question then is in what circumstances is leave to serve out of the jurisdiction normally given?
\par 
\par In }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Metall & Rohstoff v. Donaldson Inc.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
 (1981) 3 WLR 563 the Court of Appeal held that the Court would only assume jurisdiction where the claim was founded o
n a tort and either the damage was sustained within the jurisdiction or the damage resulted from an act committed within the jurisdiction.
\par 
\par At page 582 the Court said: 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
"It is enough if some significant damage has been sustained in England....... But it w
ould certainly contravene the spirit, and also we think the letter, of the rule if jurisdiction were assumed on the strength of some relatively minor or insignificant act having been committed here, perhaps fortuitously.}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 In our view condition (c) requires 
the court to look at the tort alleged in a common sense way and ask whether damage has resulted from substantial and efficacious acts committed within the jurisdiction."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 In }{
\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Consolidated Trust Co. v. Browne}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425  (1948) 49 S.R. (NSW) 86 at 89 Jordan C.J. said:

\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
"If the matter complained of is ex facie defamatory and refers by name to the person defamed, it is necessary to prove only that it was published, and publication to one person is enough ....."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par In the circumstances of this case therefore in my view there has been publication of the article in question to three}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 persons namely the Plaintiff's solicitor Vijaya Parmanandam,}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 his Chief Law Clerk Hari Shankar and part-time clerk Ratu Meli Saronicava Baleilakeba.
\par 
\par As the newspaper was found in two places to which 
the public has access, namely the New Zealand Embassy and the University of the South Pacific Library I consider it a reasonable inference also that probably more than three persons saw the article complained of.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 In my view also the fact that the newspaper
 apparently found its way into Fiji without the knowledge of the Defendants is immaterial.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
It suffices in my judgment if there has been publication in Fiji with or without the knowledge of the Defendants and I am satisfied that there has been such a publication here.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par 
\par The general rule is that defamation does not depend upon the intention of the Defendant.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
There are cases dealing with innocent dissemination of defamatory matter for example in the case of distributors of such matter but in my view they do not apply here.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 In my judgment the question is whether the Defendants ought to have known that copies of "The Dominion"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425 
 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 newspaper were available in Fiji and at this stage, prima facie I believe they should have known.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 I therefore reject this submission by the Defendants.
\par 
\par It is also submitted by the Defendants that the affidavit by the solicitor for the Plaintiff is defective in that it does not establish a good arguable case and is not sufficiently full to constitute a frank affidavit.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 In my judgment the aff
idavit of the Plaintiff's solicitor is just sufficient to establish a right for the Plaintiff to commence this action.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 It must be remembered that the Plaintiff is a prominent citizen of Fiji so that I consider it quite possible that even the circulation of
 a very few copies of the newspaper in Fiji could cause the Plaintiff serious and irreparable harm.
\par 
\par In }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Bata v. Bata}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
 (1948) W.N. 366 the Court of Appeal held that because copies of a libellous letter were addressed to and received by persons resident in Lo
ndon the libel was published in England and the tort constituted by the libel had been committed within the jurisdiction of the English Courts not withstanding that the letter had been written in Switzerland.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 The}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Court said: 
\par }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 "It was the publication of th
e contents of a defamatory document to a third party which constituted the tort of libel and which alone justified the libelled party in issuing his Writ."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par The Courts over the years have emphasised that one of the most important factors in deciding whether leave should be given to serve out of the jur}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475 i}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
sdiction is whether the Court ought to put a foreigner, who owes no allegiance to the country in which the Plaintiff resides, to the inconvenience and annoyance of being brought to contest his rights in such country.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
The Courts have said that this is a very serious question and that a Court should be exceedingly careful before it allows a Writ to be served out of the jurisdiction.
\par 
\par In }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Eyre v. Nationwide News Pty Ltd}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425  (1967) NZLR 851 McGregor J. held that prima 
facie the circulation of twenty-one copies of an Australian periodical in New Zealand would have little effect on the reputation of the Plaintiff who was a former Minister for Defence in New Zealand and who had sought leave to issue a Writ out of New Zeal
and and in Australia.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
His Honour said however that such effect might well be of much greater detriment to a person holding public office than to a private individual.
\par 
\par In }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Kroch v. Rossell}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
 (1937) ALL E.R. 725 the Court of Appeal refused leave to serve out of
 the jurisdiction a Writ claiming damages for defamation against a French and Belgium newspaper on the ground that the Plaintiff, who was a foreigner of no occupation in England had not provided any evidence that he had any reputation in or associated wit
h England.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
In my opinion this cannot be said of the Plaintiff so that I hold that the mere fact that there has been apparently very limited publication of the article complained of here in Fiji should not debar the Plaintiff from proceeding further.
\par 
\par The final submission of the Defendants is that in their present form the pleadings do not confine the Plaintiff to a cause of action within the jurisdiction and therefore they exceed the jurisdiction of this Court.
\par 
\par Paragraph 4 of the Statement of Claim herein reads:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
"In the edition of the said newspaper published on or about Monday 18 June 1990 the Defendants published in New Zealand and in Fiji and elsewhere in the South Pacific of and concerning the Plaintiff the matter set out in the schedule annexed hereto."

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
\par In }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Eyre v. Nationwide News Pty Ltd}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
 (supra) the pleading alleged that the newspaper in question, "The Australian" had an extensive circulation throughout all states in the Commonwealth of Australia and in New Zealand.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Mr. Justice McGregor held that this 
pleading was of prime importance in that it alleged that by reason of the publication of the words complained of which was not limited to New Zealand, the Plaintiff had been brought into public scandal and contempt and had been greatly injured in his repu
tation.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
His Honour held that it seemed to him that the Plaintiff was there claiming damages in New Zealand for loss of reputation both in New Zealand and Australia.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 The pleadings did not confine him to the cause of action within the jurisdiction and therefore they exceeded the jurisdiction of the New Zealand High Court.
\par 
\par I am invited by the Defendants to make a similar finding here.
\par 
\par Counsel for the Plaintiff informed me that the Plaintiff is seeking damages for defamation only in respect of the publication of the newspaper in Fiji.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 In }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Eyre's}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425  case McGregor J. was not persuaded by the fact that counsel for the Plaintiff had offered to give an undertaking that proceedings would not be commenced in Australia.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Each case has to be decided on its own facts.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 In }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Eyre}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
 the judge mentioned that the material placed before the Court on the ex-parte application was somewhat misleading and he stressed the necessity for full disclosure on an ex-parte application}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 The Statement of Claim in }{
\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 Eyre's}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425  case alleged extensive publicat
ion in New Zealand but when the matter came before McGregor J. the parties agreed that this was limited to twenty-one copies.
\par 
\par In my judgment no such criticism can be levelled at the Plaintiff in the instant case.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 
I see no attempt by him to mislead the Court as to the number of copies of the Defendants' paper found}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 in Fiji so that the matter which must be seen to have influenced}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12935475  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 McGregor J. to some extent can not be said to be true of this case.
\par 
\par Furthermore my interpretation of paragraph 4 of the Statement of Claim in this action is that it is simply narration of the fact of publication of the newspaper in New Zealand, Fiji and other parts of the South Pacific.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2127425  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 I do not read it as an assertion of the right of this Court to hear and determine a claim for dam
ages arising in countries other than Fiji.
\par 
\par I therefore dismiss the Summons of the 30th of October 1990 and order that the Defendants pay the Plaintiff's costs thereof.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid12935475 JOHN E. BYRNE
\par }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid12935475 J U D G E}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid12935475 
\par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12935475 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15364321 HBC0238D.90S}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5792671\charrsid2127425 

\par }}