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)}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14841415 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par At Labasa \par Civil Jurisdiction \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par CIVIL ACTION NO. 4 OF 1991 \par \par Between: \par \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 RAM DEO}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415\charrsid14841415 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 s/o Puran Maharaj \par Plaintiff \par \par - and - \par \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 1. TROPIK WOOD INDUSTRIES LTD. \par 2. AUTIKO YACALEVU \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Defendants \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par Mr. V. Parshuram for the Plaintiff \par No appearance for the Defendants \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx3969\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 JUDGMENT}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par On the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 25th of August 1988}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 the plaintiff's van was involved in a collision with a vehicle belonging to the first defendant company and driven at the time by the second defendant its employee. \par \par As a result of the collision the plaintiff's van was extensively damaged and the plaintiff sustained serious fractures to his arm, hip and legs.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 The 2nd defendant for his part in the accident was charged and convicted by the Labasa Magistrates Court on his own plea of}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 '}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 guilty' }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 to an offence of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Careless Driving}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 and was fined }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 $30}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 . \par \par The present claim for damages arising out of the accident was instituted by }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Writ of Summons}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 with }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Statement of Claim}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 annexed on the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 19th April 1991}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 and was served on the 1st defendant company on the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 3rd of December 1991}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 and on the 2nd defendant on the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 19th of February 1992}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 . \par \par Then on the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 17th of July 1992}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 in the absence of any appearance by either defendant default judgment was entered against them for damages to be assessed.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 This latter hearing was fixed to take place on the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 4th of August 1992}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 and on the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 28th of July 1992}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 '}{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Notice of Appointment for Assessment of Damages}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 '}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 was served on both defendants. \par \par On the appointed day again there was no appearance by either defendant and accordingly the Court is obliged to assess damages in this case in the absence of and without any assistance from the defendants. \par \par At the hearing for assessment of damages the plaintiff and the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Acting Consultant Surgeon of Labasa Hospital }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 gave evidence. \par \par The plaintiff }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Ram Deo}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 testified that as a resul t of the accident he sustained fractures to his right arm, both legs and hip and was hospitalised for}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 68 days}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 undergoing treatment as an inpatient at the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Labasa Hospital}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 . \par \par During that time he was in great pain and because of the nature of the treatment he underwent, was totally immobilised in his hospi}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 tal bed and had to be attended }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 by his wife}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 (during the day)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 and his son}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 (during the night)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 for his every personal need. \par \par Upon his discharge he was still unable to walk and had to use a wheelchair and then crutches for }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 6 months}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 before he could walk unassisted.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 He still feels pain and has difficulty walking for long periods. \par \par During his time of recuperating at home he attended }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 4}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 review clinics at the }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Labasa Hospital}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 and on each occasion owing to his immobility, a taxi was hired from his home at }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Ravuka}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 (about 40 miles away from Labasa)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 at a cost of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 $20}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 each way}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 .}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 He also spent about }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 $200}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 on medicines. \par \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Dr. Asaeli Matairavula}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 the acting}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Consultant Surgeon}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 at the }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Labasa Hospital}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 confirmed the various fractures sustain ed by the plaintiff upon his arrival at }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Labasa Hospital}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 from the scene of the accident. \par \par In summary, he noted }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 3}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 open fractures where broken bones were protruding outside the skin, }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 2}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 closed fractures where the bone was either broken or in pieces under the skin surface and a fra}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15160649 c}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 tured dislocated hip.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 In the doctor's own words: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 "The patient was in a very bad shape."}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 He next described the various forms of treatment administered to the patient which generally comprised some remedial realignment of the fracture d bones and immobilisation of the sites by the use of plaster casts; skeletal pins and counter-balancing weights. \par \par Although the doctor was satisfied with the recovery of bone union the plaintiff's prognosis was not good with only limited movement of the ri ght elbow, ankles and hip and the possibility of future arthritis and further deterioration in movement and seasonal variations in pain.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 There was also some deformity of the right foot and left leg. \par \par He estimated that the patient had suffered a total disability of }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 "over 50%"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 as a result of all his injuries. \par \par As for loss of earnings the plaintiff who described himself as a cane farmer testified that at the time of the accident he was}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 44 years}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 of age and was in good health.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 He worked on his cane farm which produced between }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 500}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 and }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 600 tons}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 of cane annually.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 He also hired out his van carrying passengers and produce to the market and earned about }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 $10 a day}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 from his}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 '}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 carrier business'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 . \par \par Since the accident however he is no longer able to work on his farm and has had to employ labourers at a cost of about }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 $400 per annum}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 to work on the farm. \par \par Furthermore as a result of the extensive damage to his van he was deprived of its use and could not continue his}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 '}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 carrier business'}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 for the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 159 days}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 that it was in the garage undergoing repairs. \par \par In answer to the Court the plaintiff admitted that he has 2 sons aged}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 24 years}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 and}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 22 years}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 who live with him and help him on the farm.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 They also both possess driving licences and therefore presumably are able to continue the}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 '}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 carrier business'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 . \par \par As for special damages, I am satisfied that as a result of his immobility in hospital the plaintiff had to be attended to by members of his family and that his son had to travel from his home some distance from Labasa to care for the plaintiff in the nights, I am however not satisfied that it was necessary to hire a taxi both ways. \par \par Equally, whilst I am satisfied that the loss of the use of the plaintiff's van would have deprived him of a minor source of earning income, its availability during the plaintiff's convalescence at home would have rendered unnecessary the hire of taxis for at least some of the plaintiff's review visits to the Labasa Hospital. \par \par Furthermore in the absence of detailed evidence whilst I am satisfied that the plaintiff incurr ed some medical expenses in purchasing medicines such as pain killers, the nature of his injuries and the treatment received would not have necessitated in my view any unusual expenditure. \par \par The plaintiff also claims a loss of earnings at the rate of }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 "$10.00 per day for two years"}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 from the date of the accident up until the issuance of the }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Writ}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 . \par \par Having regard to the absence of any evidence which could suggest that the plaintiff was engaged in any form of regular paid employment or had sold fruit or vegetable s from which he received a regular daily or weekly income I am not satisfied that this claim is justified and it is therefore disallowed. \par \par Accordingly, I award the plaintiff }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 special damages}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 in the following sums and under the following heads}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 (1)}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Travelling expenses}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 -}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 $1,000.00}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 (2)}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Loss of carrier business earnings}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 -}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 $1,590.00}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 (3)}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Medical expenses}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 -}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 $}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 100.00} {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 making a total }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 $(1,000 + 1,590 + 100)}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 =}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 $2,690.00}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 .}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par }\pard \ql \li4320\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin4320\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 =========}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 I turn next to the more difficult question of }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 general damages}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 which I propose to assess under the following headings}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 :}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 (a)}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 pain and suffering}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 ;}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415\charrsid14841415 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 (b)}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 loss of amenities and enjoyment of life}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 ;}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 and}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415\charrsid14841415 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 (c)}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 loss of future earnings.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par As for }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 (a)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 having regard to the number and severity of the fractures sustained by the plaintiff and the less than perfect reunion of the boney tissue resulting in some disfigurement and deformity }{ \b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 and}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 taking into account his unfavourable prognosis and the likelihood of continuing pain and discomfort to the plaintiff I award him a sum of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 $5,000}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 . \par \par For}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 '}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 loss of amenities and enjoyment of life'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 I have considered that the plaintiff a once healthy farmer can no longer work on his farm or for that matter do normal ordinary things such as feeding himself, wearing footwear, or walking without some pain and discomfort I award a sum of }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 $2,000}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 . \par \par In respect of his}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 '}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 loss of future earnings'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 I am mindful that there is no evidence that the plaintiff's future earnings from his farm and}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 '}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 carrier business'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 have been or will be reduced in any significant way other than in meeting the extra costs of hiring some outside help on the farm.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 Under this head bearing in mind the age of the plaintiff, and the absence of any evidence in this regard I would award as reasonable a sum of }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 $6,000}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 . \par \par The total award of }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 general damages}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 under the various heads is }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 $(5,000 + 2,000 + 6,000) = $13,000}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 which when added to the award of }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 special damages}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 gives a total award of }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 $(13,000 + 2,690) = $15,690}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 together with costs to be taxed if not agreed. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx3969\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 (D.V. Fatiaki) \par }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 JUDGE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 At Labasa, \par 28th October, 1992.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14841415 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14841415 HBC0491}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14108754 J}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15160649 .91B}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4288746\charrsid14841415 \par }}