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Patel for the Plaintiffs \par Mr. P. Cowey for the Defendants \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8981547 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 RULING}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8981547 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par This is an application under }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Order 18 r.18}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 of the }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 High Court Rules}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 seeking to strike out the plaintiffs' originating summons on the dual ground that it discloses no reasonable cause of action and is otherwise an abuse of the process of the Court. \par \par In order to properly deal with the application it is necessary to consider the undisputed factual basis for the claim of the plaintiff trade unions which represent several thousand employees working in various ministries of the Government throughout Fiji. \par \par It is undisputed that for sometime previously and up until the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 24th of December 1991}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 the union dues of members of the plaintiff unions were required to be deducted at source and paid over to the respective unions by the relevant ministries in terms of }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Sections 12 and 13 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 of the }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Trade Unions (Recognition) Act Cap. 96A}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 . \par \par Then by }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Section 19}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 of the }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Trade Unions (Recognition) Act}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 (Amendment) Decree}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 No. 43 of 1991}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 which came into force on the}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 1st of November 1991}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 it was provided that}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8981547 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 "PART III - Recognised Trade Union Dues (Sections 12 to 15 inclusive) of the principal Act is hereby repealed}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 :}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8873181 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8873181 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8981547 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Provided that any existing agreement for the payment of trade union dues shall continue to be in force until the expiry of the existing agreement or to the 1st of December, 1991 whichever date is earlier."}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8981547 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par On the same date as the above }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Decree No. 43 of 1991}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 was made, the Minister concerned by }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Legal Notice No. 59 of 1991}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 made the }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Trade Unions (Deduction of Union Dues) Regulation 1991 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 (hereafter referred to as }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 '}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 the Regulation'}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 )}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 which so far as relevant provided that}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8981547 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 "A Union may enter into an agreement with an employer as to the method of deductions of union dues from its members ..."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8981547 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par I say at once that it is no part of this Court's function to seek to discover or determine the motivations and reasons behind the passing of the above statutory enactments.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Certainly the matter is not an}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 '}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 issue'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 in the present application and it would be inappropriate for this Court to make any observations on them in the absence of an answering affidavit from the defendants. \par \par Having said that however undoubtedly the cumulative effect of the two enactments was to render}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 (as from the 1st of December 1991)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 the deduction and payment of union dues no longer }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 '}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 on demand'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 but a matter subject to negotiation and agreement between employers and trade unions. \par \par In this latter regard the affidavits of the general secretaries of the 2 plaintiff unions contains relevant correspondence between the }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Public Service Commission}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 and their respective trade unions. \par \par Specific reference was made to the }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Memorandum of Agreement}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 (Annexure }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 '}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 I')}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 submitted by the }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Public Service Commission}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 for signature by the plaintiff trade unions and which included provision for a fe e to be paid for the service provided in deducting and forwarding members union dues to the plaintiff trade unions but complaint was more particularly directed to the various }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 '}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 undertakings'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 that were required to be given by the plaintiff trade unions and w hich are roundly denounced in the affidavits as}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8981547 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 "devastating clauses and conditions which will affect the very existence of the (plaintiff trade unions) to carry out any bargaining or negotiation of its}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 members as a free and independe}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 nt body in future."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8981547 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par Suffice it to say for present purposes that no}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 "agreement"}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 was reached between the parties to the present action with the result that as from the}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 24th of December 1991}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 the }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Public Service Commission}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 ceased to make deductions from its employees' salary and wages of union dues payable to the plaintiff unions. \par \par It was this cessation that prompted the present action by the plaintiff unions seeking the following two }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 declarations}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 :}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 (the application for an order of Mandamus having been withdrawn by learned counsel for the plaintiff unions)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8981547 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 "1.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 }{ \b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 A DECLARATION ORDER}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 that the arbitrary cessation of deduction of Trade Union dues at source by the Government as employer of all the persons who are the members of the Fiji Public Service Association, Fiji Teachers Union, Fi ji Nursing Association and Fijian Teachers Union were unreasonable, unfair and unwarranted. \par \par 2.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 }{\b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 A DECLARATION ORDER}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 that the Government as employer shall deduct from the salaries of persons who are members of the Fiji Public Service Association, Fiji Teach ers union, Fiji Nursing Association and Fijian Teachers Union the approved trade union dues specified by the Association subject to receipt of the information required under }{ \b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Regulation 2}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 of the Trade Unions (Deduction of Union Dues) Regulation 1991." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8981547 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 In my considered view neither of the }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 '}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 declarations'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 as presently framed properly identifies the primary issues in this action which as presently advised I consider are of a political non-justiciable nature. \par \par The first }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 '}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 declaration'}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 in effect requires this Cour t to declare that an employer which seeks to take advantage of the change effected in the law by the above 2 enactments may only do so if it is warranted }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 and}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 it}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 acts reasonably and fairly not only in the timing of the cessation of deductions of union dues but also in the terms and conditions which it submits for negotiations. \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 In my view no such requirements are manifest or implied on a plain reading of the enactments nor has any authority been cited for reading such limitations into the enactments. \par \par The second declaration in turn seeks an order to the effect that the Government as an employer of members of the plaintiff trade unions is obliged, upon receipt of the information required under the }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Regulation}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 to deduct union dues. \par \par If I may say so such a declaration blithely ignores the existence of the phrase }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 "... may enter into any agreement ..."}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 in the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Regulation}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 which clearly envisages a voluntarily negotiated enforceable agreement for valuable consideration. \par \par With all due respect to learned counsel for the plaintiff trade unions this Court is not prepared to countenance a reading of the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Regulation}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 which not only ignores the above-mentioned phrase but additionally would tantamount to a reversal of the clear legislative intent behind the two enactments earlier described. \par \par Needless to say it is the Court's view that the enactments impose no duty on either employers or trade unions to undertake negotiations nor, in the event that negotiations are held, are they required to conclude any agreement for the deduction of union dues. \par \par I turn next to consider the principles that guide a Court on an application such as the present.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 In that regard some guidance may be obtained from the decision of the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Fiji Court of Appeal}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 in }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Attorney General v. Halka}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 18 F.L.R. 210}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 which was referred to by counsel for the plaintiff unions and which}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 :}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8981547 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 "}{ \b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Held}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 :}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 2. The Power to strike out ... given by Order 18 r.19 is one which is to be sparingly used and is not appropriate to cases}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 involving difficult and complicated questions of law ..."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8981547 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 but the exercise of caution in the use of the Court's power does not mean that the jurisdiction is necessarily reserved for the plain and obvious case. \par \par In my view the power may also be exercised even when extensive argument is necessary to demonstrate that the plaintiff's case is so clearly untenable that it could not possibly succeed. \par \par Before I take leave of the decision in }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Halka's}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 case}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 (op. cit)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 I note that it was also decided in that case that the }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Public Service Commission}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 (which was named as the original defendant in that case as well as in this action)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 was not a legal entity and could not be sued in its own name and accordingly its name was struck out.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 More relevantly }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Gould V.P.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 observed at }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 p.215}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 (ibid)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 : }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8981547 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 "The learned Judge in the Supreme Court held that the Commission was not a legal entity and could not be sued in its own name.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 With this I would respectively agree, }{\b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 though it could well be that the provisions of Section 136 of the Constitution of Fiji would enable it to be made the subject of certiorari or other prerogative proceedings}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 .}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 This, however is an ordinary writ claiming declarations and damages."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par (my underlining) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8981547 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par After having carefully considered the submissions of learned counsel for the plaintiff unions}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 (who at a late stage in his submissions a ttempted to seek the Court's leave to amend the original declarations sought)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 and the relevant enactments and affidavit evidence I have little hesitation in concluding that the declarations sought are demonstrably untenable and could not possibly succeed.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 The plaintiffs' motion is accordingly dismissed as disclosing no reasonable cause of action. \par \par In the circumstances there is no need for this Court to examine that line of recent authorities cited by learned counsel for the defendants which contains dicta to the effect that }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 "... it would ... as a general rule be contrary to public policy, and as such an abuse of the process of the Court, to permit a person seeking to establish that a decision of a public authority infringed rights to which he was entitled to protection under public law to proceed by way of an ordinary action and by this means to evade the provisions of Order 53 for the protection of such authorities"}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 [per }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 Diplock L.J.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 in }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 O'Reilly v. Mackman}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 (1983) 2 A.C. 237 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 at }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 p.285}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8981547 ].}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8981547 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 (D.V. Fatiaki) \par }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 JUDGE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8981547 {\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 At Suva, \par 28th October, 1992.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid8981547 \par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8981547 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12476402\charrsid12476402 Hbc0216d.92s}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1399421\charrsid12476402 \par }}