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)}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par At Suva \par Civil Jurisdiction \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par CIVIL ACTION NO. 411 OF 1992 \par \par Between: \par \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 1.}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783\charrsid16345783 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 KRISHNA PRASAD \par 2.}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783\charrsid16345783 }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 VIJAY LAKSHMI PRASAD \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 d/o Gauri Pratap \par Plaintiffs \par \par - and - \par \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 1.}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783\charrsid16345783 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 VISHNU PRASAD \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 s/o Balessar Mishra \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 2.}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783\charrsid16345783 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 RAJ LAKSHMI PRASAD \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 d/o Gauri Pratap \par Defendants \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par Mr. S. Parshotam for the Plaintiffs \par Messrs. S.M. Koya, S. Sharma and S. Stanton for the Defendants \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx3969\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 RULING}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par On the 17th of September this Court granted what has become commonly known as a }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Mareva injunction'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 on the plaintiff's ex parte application filed on the 16th of September 1992.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 On the 21st of September the defendants moved inter partes setting out 9 grounds}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 for the dissolution of the injunction and the matter was argued at length in chambers over the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 24th and 25th of September.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par The brief background to this case may be outlined as follows}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par \par The plaintiffs who are medical practitioners and citizens of Australia are related not only by marriage but also through blood ties to the defendants who are residents of Fiji.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 During the course of their relationship a proprietary company entitled }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Burcrest Pty. Ltd.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (hereafter referred to as }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Burcrest') }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 was incorporated in}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 October 1984}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 with the first plaintiff and first defendant as directors.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Subsequently in}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 April 1988}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 the second defendant was also made a director. \par \par On the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 24th of March 1988}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 the plaintiffs executed amongst other securities a guarantee in favour of the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Commonwealth Bank of Australia}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 hereafter referred to as }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 CBA'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 ) securing all moneys lent to }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Burcrest}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 . \par \par Prior to their executing the aforesaid guarantee the plaintiffs allege that the defendants }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "... orally promised and represented to the plaintiffs that if they signed the guarantee, the defendants would indemnify and keep indemnified the plainti}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13914179 f}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 fs from any liability, costs or expenses incurred in connection with the guarantee ..."}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 .}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 This is denied by the defendants. \par \par Thereafter on the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 20th of October 1990}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 the first plaintiff resigned as a director and secretary of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Burcrest}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 and a year later on the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 18th of November 1991}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 CBA}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 demanded from the plaintiffs payment of a sum well in excess of }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 $Aust 2 million}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 under the terms of the guarantee executed by the plaintiffs. \par \par Since the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 CBA}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 demand various efforts have been made by the plaintiffs through their solicitors to obtain from the defendants and various named companies a written }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Deed of Indemnity}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 without any success. \par \par Finally on the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 16th of September 1992}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 the plaintiffs issued proceedings in this Court for various orders and obtained}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 ex parte}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 a }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 mareva injunction'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 which the defendants now seek to have dissolved.}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par I trust that I shall be excused if I do not deal}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 seriatim}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 with each and every one of the defendants grounds which when argued appeared to over-lap in several respects.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Instead in this ruling I shall deal with those matters raised which appear to be material in disposing of this application. \par \par At the outset learned counsel for the defendants sought to argue that no sufficient grounds had been advanced to warrant the Court entertaining an}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 ex parte}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 application from the plaintiffs in the first place. \par \par I cannot agree.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 The matter is clearly within the discretion of the Court and as learned counsel for the plaintiffs correctly points out the submission has been clearly overtaken by events.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 No authority has been cited to the Court to support the view that this Court can, at the}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 inter partes}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 hearing for the dissolution of an injunction, reconsider and review the exercise of its discretion to accept an application for an injunction at an earlier}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 ex parte} {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 stage. \par \par Needless to say in entertaining an application for an injunction}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 ex parte}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 , }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "urgency"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 is but one of several factors that the Court is directed in terms of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Order 29 r.2}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (as amended)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 of the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 High Court Rules}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 to consider.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783\charrsid16345783 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 The others being, }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "irreparable harm or serious mischief"}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 . \par \par Neither in my view ought }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "urgency"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 necessarily to be considered in the context of when the applicants'}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 cause of action'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 first arose rather it should be considered broadly with particular regard to events more closely connected with the application itself. \par \par In this particular case having regard to the close blood ties that exists between the }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 spouses of the principal protago}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 nists I do not consider it unreasonable for the plaintiffs after receiving the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 CBA}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 demand, to seek to exhaust all avenues}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (out of Court)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 to obtain the written indemnity before resorting to litigation. \par \par It is also well to bear in mind the observations of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Lord Denning M.R.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in }{ \b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Third Chandris Shipping v. Unimarine}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (1979) 2 ALL E.R. 972}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 at }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 p.985}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 when he said of the practice of granting }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 mareva injunctions'}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 ex parte}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "In it speed is of the essence.}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Ex parte is of the essence.}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 If there is delay, or if advance warning is given, the assets may well be removed before the injunction can bite.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 It is rather like the injunction in Chancery, the Anton Piller, injunction, which has proved equally beneficial.}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 That must be done speedily ex parte before the incriminating material is removed.}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 So here in Mareva injunctions before the assets are removed."}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par Also as a preliminary observation Counsel for the defendants also sought clarification of the jurisdiction of this Court to grant a }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Mareva Injunction'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 .}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 In this regard reference was made to the statutory power in }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Section 37(1)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 of the }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Supreme Court Act 1981 (U.K.)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 which expressly gives the Courts of the United Kingdom power to grant a Mareva injunction and the absence of any corresponding legislative provision in Fiji. \par \par I can do no better than to refer to the judgment of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Cullinan J. }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (as he then was)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Robert Rogers v. Pacific Hotels & Development Ltd}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 .}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Civil Action No. 1132 of 1985}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in which th e learned judge in a 44 page judgment reviewed no less than 34 decisions of English and other Commonwealth Courts and then after referring to }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Sections 22 and 18}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 of the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Supreme Court}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (now High Court)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Act}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (Cap. 13)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 said at }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 p.35}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 of his judgment dated the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 6th of January 1986}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "... powers of the High Court in England to grant injunctions, that is, before the introduction of the 1981 Act, as a matter of sustained judicial interpretation of high authority, arose out of legislation based on and similar to that wh ich applies to this Court.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 The power of the Supreme Court of Fiji}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13904728 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (now the High Court) in the matter is statutorily equated to that of the High Court in England.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 In effect therefore the interpretation placed upon the 1873 provisions by the Court of Appeal in England is binding upon this Court.}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Accordingly I hold that this Court has the power under the latter provisions to grant a Mareva injunction. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 I am further of the view that this Court has an inherent jurisdiction in the matter.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 ... As I see it, the inherent power arises simply from the necessity, as expressed by the Court of Appeal of N.S.W., to prevent conduct tending to stultify the Court's powers."}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par I also note that in dismissing the appeal in }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Leslie Redvers Martin v. B.N.Z. and F.D.B.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Civil Appeal No. 73 of 1984}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 July 1986}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 against a }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Mareva injunction'}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 granted by }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Kermode J.}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (as he then was)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 , the Fiji Court of Appeal did not in any way cast any doubts on the Supreme Court's jurisdiction to grant the particular injunction as one would have expected or of its appropriateness in that case. \par \par In the circumstances I take it as firmly established that this Court has jurisdiction to grant a }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Mareva injunction'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in appropriate cases where the plaintiff has established a good arguable case and where there is a }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "real risk"}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 that unless restrained the defendants will remove from or dissipate his assets within the Court's jurisdiction. \par \par Then counsel complains at the absence of any }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 cause of action'}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 disclosed in the plaintiff's }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Writ}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 nor of the fact that an injunction was being sought.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 I can dispose very shortly of this submission which ignores the clear wording of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Order 6 r.(2)(1)(a)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 and}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Order 29 r.(1) }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 of the }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 High Court Rules}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 . \par \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Order 6}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13914179 r.}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (2)(1)(a)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 permits a }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Writ}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 to be issued so long as it is endorsed - \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "... with a concise statement of the nature of the claim made }{ \b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 or}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 the relief }{ \b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 or}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 remedy required in the action begun thereby."}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par In similar vein }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Order 29 r.1}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 provides}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "An application for the grant of an injunction may be made by any party to a cause or matter ... }{\b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 whethe r or not a claim for the injunction was included in that party's writ}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 ..." }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (my underlining) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par I am not unmindful of the dictum of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Lord Diplock}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "}{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 The Siskina}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 " }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (1977) 3 ALL E.R. 803}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 where he said at }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 p.824}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "The right to obtain an interlocutory injunction i s not a cause of action.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 It cannot stand on its own.}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 It is dependant on there being a pre-existing cause of action against the defendant ..."}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par But I do not read that}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 dictum}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 as in anyway restricting or confining the Court's attention to the }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Writ}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 filed by the plaintiff as the only source of information to which a Court exercising its discretion to grant or refuse an injunction must have regard in order to ascertain the existence or otherwise of a }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 cause of action'}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 . \par \par In this latter regard the plaintiffs' affidavits}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (which includes an affidavit deposed by their accountant)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 plainly reveals that the plaintiffs claim is based on an alleged oral}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 contract of indemnity'}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 .}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Such a contract is defined in }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Section 2}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 of the }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Indemnity, Guarantee and Bailment Act}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (Cap. 232)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 as being}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "A contract by which one party promises to save the other from loss caused to him by the conduct of the promisor himself or by the conduct of any other person ..."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par Learned counsel for the defendants however, without conceding that the oral contract}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (if any)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 that existed between the parties was one}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 for indemnity'}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 , nevertheless, argues that the plaintiffs' action is caught within the terms of }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Section 59(b)}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 of the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Indemnity, Guarantee and Bailment Act}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 which provides}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 :}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "59.}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13904728 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 No action shall be brought - \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\tx1440\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (b)}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13904728 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 whereby to charge the defendant upon any special promise to answer for the debt, default or miscarriage of another person; \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par unless the agreement upon which such action is to be brought or some memorandum or note thereof is in writing and signed by the party to be charged therewith ..."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par This latter provision has its origins in }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Section 4}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 of the }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Statute of Frauds 1677}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (U.K.)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 which in turn has been the subject}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 matter of a number of judicial decisions as to its meaning and ambit. \par \par Suffice it for present purposes to say that on the affidavit evidence presently before the Court it is no}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13904728 t possible nor in my view desir}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 able for the Court to form any concluded view on the nature and legal effect of any oral contract that may or may not exist between the parties. \par \par As was said by }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Lord Diplock}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in delivering the judgment of the}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 House of Lords}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in }{ \b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 American Cyanimid v. Ethicon}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (1975) 1 ALL E.R.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13904728 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 504}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 at }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 p.510}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 :}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "It is not part of the Court's function at this stage of the litigation to try to resolve conflicts of evi dence on affidavit as to facts on which the claims of either party may ultimately depend nor to decide difficult questions of law which call for detailed argument and mature consideration.}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 These are matters to be dealt with at the trial."}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par In my considered view there are serious questions both factual and legal to be tried in this action and for which oral evidence must inevitably be led and detailed legal argument and mature consideration taken if they are to be properly resolved and determined. \par \par The defendants have also raised the question of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 non-disclosure'}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 on the part of the plaintiffs in seeking the dissolution of the injunction.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 This is said to arise}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 inter alia}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 from an undertaking given by the plaintiffs' solicitors whilst acting for the defendants' former solicitors and as set out in the }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Terms of Settlement}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 '}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 filed in }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Civil Action No. 377 of 1992}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in which the present defendants sued their former solicitors for breach of legal professional privilege. \par \par More particularly learned counsel for the defendants submitted that the plaintiffs' solicitors are themselves bound by the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{ \b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Terms of Settlement}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 '}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 insofar as they are within the category of persons contemplated by the phrase }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "... their servants and agents,"}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 commonly appended in such orders as a matter of drafting technique.}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 I confess}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 that this submission is a little difficult to follow in that the present plaintiffs were not a party to }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Civil Action No. 377 of 1992}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 and as such cannot be expected to be aware of the details of the settlement reached in that case nor in my view ought they to be}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 fixed'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 with such knowledge merely because their present solicitors acted as solicitors in the earlier action.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid3948582 \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 The headnote to }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Brinks - MAT Ltd. v. Elcombe}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (1983) 3 ALL E.R. 188}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 contains the following relevant passage dea ling with non-disclosure in }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 ex parte}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 applications}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "Whether a fact not disclosed is of sufficient materiality to justify or require immediate discharge of the order without examination of the merits depends on the importance of the fact to the issue to be decided by the judge on the application.}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 The fact that the non-disclosure was innocent, in the sense that it was not known to the applicant or that its relevance was not perceived is an important, but not decisive, consideration in deciding whether to order an immediate discharge.}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 However, the Court has a discretion notwithstanding proof of material non-disclosure which justifies the immediate discharge of an ex parte order, to continue the order or to make a new order on terms."}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par Lord Justice Ralph Gibson}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in his judgment at }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 pp. 192 and 193}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (ibid)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 enumerated no less than 7 relevant }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "principles"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 of which the second reads}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "(ii)}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13914179 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 the material facts are those which it is material}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 for the judge to know in dealing with}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3948582 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 the}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 application as made}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 ;}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 materiality is to be decided}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 by the Court and not by the assessment of the}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 applicant or his legal advisors."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par In this instance, at its highest, assuming that the defendants are able in a separate action to prove that there has been a breach of the undertaking given in terms of paragraph }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 A'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 of the }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Terms of Settlement}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 '}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 , that would merely disentitle the plaintiffs present solicitors from continuing to act for them and not, I might add, the plaintiffs from making the application. \par \par If I may be permitted to say so such a finding would involve the Court accepting the rather unusual and far-reaching proposition that an undertaking given by a client }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{ \b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 through}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 '}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (not by)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 his solicitor personally binds the solicitor where the undertaking is drafted so as to include the client's }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "servants and agents"}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 . \par \par In the absence of detailed submissions on the issue I am not at all certain of the }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 materiality'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 of the non-disclosure in these present proceedings nor am I convinced that this is the appropriate occasion }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "... to go into the huge complexities involved in seeking to disentangle ... whether there was full disclosure when the ex parte order was obtained."}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (}{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 per}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Browne-Wilkinson V.C.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in }{ \b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Dormeuil Freres v. Nicolian Ltd}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 . }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (1988) 3 ALL E.R. 197}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 especially at }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 pp. 199 to 201}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 ). \par \par In any event having considered }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 grounds 5, 6, 7 and 8}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 the defendants}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 inter partes}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 summons and the submissions of learned counsels in that regard I am not satisfied that there has been such a material}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 non-disclosure'}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 as to have materially altered my earlier decision to grant the plaintiffs' application. \par \par Complaint has also been made as to the breadth of the injunction granted and how it will materially and prejudicially affect innocent third parties such as shareholders, directors, creditors and bankers of several named companies which the plaintiffs allege are wholly owned or controlled by the defendants and are used as }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 mere vehicles'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 to enable them to pursue their business activities and which the first defendant has categorically denied. \par \par In dealing with this ground I am reminded of the observations of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Lawton L.J.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in the }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Third Chandris Shipping}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 case}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (op cit)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 when he said at }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 p.986}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "Nowadays defaulting on debts has been made easier for the foreign debtor by the use of corporations, many of which hide the identities of those who control them ..."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par and later}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "The difficult cases are firstly and most commonly those which arise when the other party to a contract meets unexpected trouble for himself after he has entered into it, ... and, secondly when there is something akin to a l ong term fraud by the built-up of confidence to be followed by default."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par Learned counsel for the defendants strenuously argued that there is no evidence of any actual transfers of assets by the defendants or by any of the named companies restrained in terms of the }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 paragraph B(c)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 of the injunction granted to the plaintiffs and whilst that might be so such information is not critical to the grant of a }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 mareva injunction'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 . \par \par As }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Lawton L.J.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 said at }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 p.987}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (ibid)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "In my judgment an affidavit in support of a mar eva injunction should give enough particulars of the plaintiff's case to enable the Court to assess its strength and should set out what enquiries have been made about the defendants' business and what information has been revealed, including that relatin g to its size, origins, business domicile, the location of its known assets and the circumstances in which the dispute has arisen.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 These facts}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (which need not necessarily include proof of previous defaults or specific incidents of commercial malpractice)}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 should enable a commercial judge to infer whether there is likely to be a real risk of default."}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Furthermore the first defendant's responses to the plaintiffs' assertions regarding the ownership and control of the named companies has ranged from }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "neither admit nor deny"}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in his first affidavit of}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 21st September 1992}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 to a bare denial 2 days later in his third affidavit of}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 23rd September}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 , and both replies contrasts starkly with an earlier affidavit of the first defendant filed in }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Civil Action No. 377 of 1992}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in which he freely admits being a director of 8 of the 9 named companies and }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "... as such am able to make this affidavit for and on their various behalfs"}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 without any apparent authorisation. \par \par If I may say so such inconsistent and evasive responses on matters that ought properly to be within the first defendant's personal knowledge does little to engender in this Court a feeling of reassurance that the execution of any judgment which the plaintiffs might obtain would not be defeated. \par \par Indeed the first defendant has supplied no information as to the shareholdings or directorships in any of the named companies or explained in what ways}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (if any)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 the injunction is affecting or likely to detrimentally affect the various companies business operations}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (again, if any)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 I note in passing that at least 5 of the 9 named companies are described as }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 holding'}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 or }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 investment'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 companies. \par \par I am not unmindful that the defendants bear no onus in the matter but the very vagueness and generality of the first defendant's affidavits unfavourably reflects in my view a patent unwillingness on their part to disclose the full extent of their }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 control'}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 of the named companies to the Court.}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par As was said by }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Megaw L.J.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in }{ \b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Dunhill (Alfred) Ltd. v. Sunoptics S.A}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 . }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 F.S.R.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid13914179 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 337}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (a passing-off case on appeal) at }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 p.476}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "It is, of course, for the plaintiffs to make out their case for an interlocutory injunction.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 But when, on these questions of balance of convenience, it emerges that the evidence adduced by the defendants is so defective in such importan t respects, ... that is a factor which cannot be said to be irrelevant in assessing the balance of convenience.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid3948582 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par Furthermore in }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 S.C.F. Finance Co. Ltd. v. Masri and Anor}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (1985) 1 W.L.R. 876}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in which the bank accounts of the defendants' wife were effectively frozen by the injunction granted by the Court and which th}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3948582 e Court refused to vary, it was}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "}{ \b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Held}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 :}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 ... that where the Court granted the injunction it was not obliged to accept without inquiry an assertion by the defendant, ... that the assets belonged to a third party; that in deciding whether to accept such an assertion without further inquiry, the Court will be guided by considerations of justice and convenience between all the parties concerned ..."}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par In this latter regard it is to be noted that none of the companies that are supposedly }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "affected"}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 by the injunction have sought to intervene in these proceedings nor indeed have any of them provided affidavits in support of the first defendant's bald assertion. \par \par There is also }{\b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Clause }{\b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{ \b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 E}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 '}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in the injunction ord er which permits the payment of various enumerated expenses which I would add is additional to the Courts inherent power in interlocutory proceedings to vary, suspend or discharge any order upon sufficient grounds being shown in an appropriate application (}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 per}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 LLoyd L.J.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in the }{ \b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 S.C.F. Finance Co}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 .}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 case}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (ibid)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 at }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 p.880}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 ). \par \par In all the circumstances I consider that the defendants have failed to make out any of their 9 grounds seeking the dissolution of the injunction and accordingly the defendants' application is dismissed with costs to the plaintiffs. \par \par Having thus disposed of the defendants application for dissolution, what then should this Court do}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 ? }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Mr. Koya for the defendants firmly stated that he had not come prepared to answer an oral application for extension which by virtue of }{ \b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Clause }{\b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{ \b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 G}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 '}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 of the interim order required that 3 clear days notice be given in the event. \par \par With all due respect to the submission I cannot agree.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Clause }{ \b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{\b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 G}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 '}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 is clear in its terms and intention.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 It expressly refers to a }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "formal"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 applica tion in the event that there is no application for dissolution brought before the date fixed for the expiration of the interim injunction.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 In this instance the defendants application has in my view rendered otiose the requirements of }{ \b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Clause }{\b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{ \b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 G}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 '}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 . \par \par In my view upon an}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 inter partes}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 application to dissolve or discharge an}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 ex parte}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 injunction the Court has the opportunity and the duty to examine the entire matter upon the basis of the affidavits and submissions placed before it at the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 inter partes}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 hearing and may in exercising its discretion afresh in the matter }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 dissolve, vary suspend or extend and may even grant a fresh injunction as in its discretion appears just}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 .}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par \par I am fortified by the observations of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Browne-Wilkinson V.C.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 in the }{ \b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Dormeuil Freres}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 case}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (op.cit)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 when the learned}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Vice-Chancellor}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 said at }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 p.199}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 "I will deal first with the application to set aside the ex parte order.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 It is a basic principle, applicable to all ex parte applications, that a plaintiff seeking ex parte relief must make full disclosure to the Court of all facts which are material to the exercise of the court's discretion whether or not to grant the relief. }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 If such disclosure is not made by the plaintiff, the Court may discharge the ex parte injunction on that ground alone.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 But if, in the circumstances existing when the matter comes before the Court inter partes, justice requires an order either continuing the ex parte injunction or the grant of a fresh injunction, such an order can be made notwithstanding the earlier failure to make such disclosure.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Moreover, there is authority that, contrary to the law as it was originally laid down, there is no absolute right to have an ex parte order obtained without due disclosure set aside}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 :}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 there is a discretion in the Court whether to do so or not."}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid3948582 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par Accordingly the injunction granted by the Court on the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 17th of September}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 is hereby extended until further order with liberty to the defendants to apply to the Court generally in respect of their assets which will undoubtedly be disclosed in terms of }{ \b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 Clause }{\b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16345783 '}{ \b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 D}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 '}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 of the injunction. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx3969\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 (D.V. Fatiaki) \par }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 JUDGE}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par At Suva, \par 2nd October, 1992.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3948582 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3948582 HBC0411D.92S}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15155544\charrsid16345783 \par }}