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)}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 \f5\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par At Suva \par Civil Jurisdiction \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par CIVIL ACTION NO. 242 OF 1990 \par \par Between: \par \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 JAIPAL SINGH}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16268364 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467\charrsid7670467 s/o Brij Mohan}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16268364 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Singh (as Administrator of the \par Estate of Satendra Kumar Singh) \par Plaintiff \par \par - and - \par \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 TED YOUNG}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467\charrsid7670467 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 s/o Lui Young \par Defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par Mr. V. Maharaj for the Plaintiff \par Mr. J. Singh for the Defendant \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 On the early hours of the morning of the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 30th of July 1987}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Satendra Kumar}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Singh}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (hereafter referred to as }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 the deceased')}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 met his untimely death when his Mazda car reg. no: }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 AW 972}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 was involved in a head-on collision with a van reg. no: }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 BV 646}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 approaching from the opposite direction. \par \par It is common ground that the accident occurred on the deceased's incorrect side of the road at a slight bend which he was negotiating shortly after crossing the Laqere bridge on Ratu Mara Road at Nasinu 7 miles whilst on his way to work in Nausori. \par \par Given those circumstances in the absence of any evidence or explanation to the contrary it might be inferred that the deceased was wholly responsible for the accident. \par \par The deceased's father }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Jaipal Singh}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 brings this action however on behalf of the deceased's estate claiming that it was the driver of a third vehicle involved in the accident who was wholly to blame. \par \par That driver it is common ground is the defendant }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Ted Young}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 who was driving a late model Stellar car bearing reg. no. }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 CB 436}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 immediately prior to the accident and heading in the same direction as the van which the deceased collided with. \par \par In order to prove that the defendant was wholly responsible for the accident the deceased's father has called 2 witnesses, }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 PC 991 Yogendra Ram}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 who attended at the scene of the accident shortly after it occurred and who assisted the investigating officer in the taking of various measurements at the scene.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 The second witness was }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Dhirendra Dutt}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 a dairy farmer who was a passenger in the rear of the van with which the deceased's vehicle collided. \par \par Before dealing more fully with the evidence of the plaintiff's witnesses there is one other item of undisputed fact which may be conveniently dealt with now and that is that on the}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 27th of August 1990}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 the defendant was convicted in the Suva Magistrate Court on his own plea of}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 guilty'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 to an offence of }{ \b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Causing Death by Dangerous Driving}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 arising out of the accident the subject matter of this present claim.}{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par The plaintiff relies on this admitted fact for the purpose of proving the defendant's negligence.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 The defendant on the other hand whilst admitting the fact of his conviction denies its relevance to any issue in these present proceedings.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 I cannot agree. \par \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Section 9}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 of the }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Evidence Act }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (Cap.41)}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 reads}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 :}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\tx1440\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "9 - (1)In any civil proceedings the fact that a person has been convicted of an offence by or before any Court in Fiji, shall ... be admissible in evidence for the purpose of proving, where to do so i s relevant in those proceedings, that he committed that offence ... \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\tx1440\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (2)}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 In any civil proceeding in which by virtue of this section a person is proved to have been convicted of an offence by or before a Court in Fiji - \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (a)}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 He shall be taken to have committed that offence unless the contrary is proved."}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par In }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Jai Chand and Others v. Jitendra Prasad and Mohan R.K. Prasad & Co. Ltd}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 . }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Civil Appeal No. 51 of 1985}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 the Fiji Court of Appeal}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (unreported)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 had occasion to consider the meaning and effect of the above Se ction in the context of a negligent driving action}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (such as the present)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 .}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 At }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 page 3}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 of the judgment the Court said}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 :}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "Put in context the plaintiff alleges the defendant's driving is negligent.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Ordinarily he has the onus of proving that fact but if he proves the conviction he proves that the defendant was guilty of driving carelessly (and hence negligently).}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 He may rest his case at that or he may call other evidence.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Whichever way it happens the defendant will he held to have been negligent unless and until he proves, by whatever means he can, and on a balance of probabilities, that he was not negligent."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par Then further at }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 page 6}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 the Court of Appeal said}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "If the conviction was on a plea of guilty, that amounts to a confession of responsibility for the conduct in question - just as would proof that after an accident the defendant had admitted in front of a witness that it had been his fault.}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 He would need to explain why he made the admission ..."}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par In this latter regard the defendant explained in his evidence how the charge had hung over his head for over 2 years and how his criminal case had gone to the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 High Court }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 at his election and then was inexplicably returned to the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Magistrate Court}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 where owing to a lack of resources and not a small amount of frustration , he had pleaded guilty on the advice of his then solicitor and was fined $200 and disqualified for a period of 12 months. \par \par I accept the defendant's explanation as probable and reasonable and accordingly am driven to consider the other evidence led by the plaintiff to prove his claim. \par \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Constable Ram }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 produced a rough sketch plan of the accident scene }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (Ex.P1)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 during the course of his evidence and although he didn't actually draw the sketch he was able to confirm that it accurately depicted the location and di stance of the 3 vehicles involved in the accident and various other road features that were marked on it and I accept the plan as accurate and reliable in those respects. \par \par I accept that he was unable to explain the }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 points of impact'}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 marked on the plan by the Investigating Officer but I do not consider his evidence unreliable and I accept his evidence of the nature and extent of the damage which he saw on the vehicles as impartial and credible. \par \par In cross-examination he said on the defendant's car he noticed slight impact damage to the front left door and panel and on the other 2 vehicles, namely, the deceased's Mazda car and the blue Ford panel van he noticed the front portions very badly damaged. \par \par He also opined that the defendant's car over-turned when it struck the concrete kerb of the road. \par \par The next witness called by the plaintiff was }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Dhirendra Dutt}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 .}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 He was a passenger in the rear of his father's blue Ford van }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 BV 646}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 heading towards Suva.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 He described how he first noticed the defendant's car when it was a chain away from the van approaching at a very high speed.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 The car followed them for a minute and then proceeded to overtake the van in which he was a passenger. \par \par He next saw the headlights of a vehicle approaching from the opposite direction and as the c ar which was overtaking them could not return to its correct side it collided with the on-coming car which then collided with their van on its incorrect side before going off the road and ending up in a drain. \par \par In cross-examination he clarified that he had seen through the back window of the van, the defendant's vehicle approaching and then proceeding to overtake their van and he had turned towards the front when he heard his father say}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "hey car!"}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par The collision between the defendant's vehicle and the on-coming Mazda occurred on the right side of the road (}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 i.e.}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 the defendant's incorrect side)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 and the impact was to the left front side of both vehicles.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 The two vehicles had merely glanced each other but the major impact was between their van and the deceased's Mazda car. \par \par In re-examination he confirmed that there were 2}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 impacts'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 the}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 first}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 , between the }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Stellar}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (defendant's car)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 and the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Mazda}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (the deceased's car)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 and the}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 second}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 , between the }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Mazda}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (the deceased's car)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 and their van. \par \par The defendant in his defence also gave evidence as to how the accident happened.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 He said}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "Just past the 1st quarry I overtook a blue van.}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Started then and towards the 2nd quarry I completed my}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 overtaking and at the bend I was in the process of going back to my lane when I noticed the on-coming head lights approaching us directly in front very fast.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 I turned my steering to the left to avoid a head-on collision with him ...}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 At that point my car was on the left side.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 The on-coming vehicle glanced me on the right side, my side of my car and on hearing that I pumped my brakes and we flipped over.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 The car the glanced me went past and collided with the van I had overtaken.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 The collision occurred with the van on the van's correct side of the road.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 My car flipped once and slid across the road on to the other side."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par In cross-examination the defendant denied that he was overtaking on a bend or that he was travelling at a very high speed.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 He accepted however that the accident with his car occurred before he had completely returned to his correc t lane and when half his car was on the left of the centre line and the other half on its incorrect side of the road.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 He also admitted that he had told the police during a caution interview recorded later that same morning that he was travelling at }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "80 kmph"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 before the accident and also }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "going at high speed"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 . \par \par Then in answer to a question from learned counsel for the plaintiff that he had created the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 dangerous situation'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 the defendant replied}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "I admit I was partly to blame for the accident but he (the d eceased) could have taken evasive action."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par The defendant also called a passenger }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Wilisoni Loga }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 who was sitting directly behind him in the rear seat of his vehicle and who confirmed that the accident had occurred after the defendant's vehicle had overtaken the van and was in the process of returning to its correct lane.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 The defendant's car was}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 glanced'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 as it was going towards the left. \par \par He was adamant that the defendant's car was}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 glanced'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 on the driver's side and had sustained damage to the hood and right side of the car.}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Having carefully considered the rough sketch plan }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (Ex.P1)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 and the testimony of the plaintiff's witnesses and that of the defendant and his witness, and bearing in mind their respective demeanours, I find that I prefer the version of the accident described by }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Dhirendra Dutt }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 as the more probable and reliable one and I accept it. \par \par In so finding I have borne in mind the various activities of the defendant during the course of a rather extended evening of drinking grog and then alcohol at 3 wi dely separated locations during which over a dozen bottles of beer were consumed and without the benefit of a meal. \par \par I have also considered the various admissions of the defendant recorded in his police}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 caution interview record'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (Ex.P5)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 and verified by him in his testimony }{ \f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 and}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 in particular his sworn admission that he was }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "partly to blame for the accident"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 .}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 I did not find his explanation in Court for his glaring omission to tell the police about his overtaking the Ford van credible and I reject it as a clumsy attempt to minimise his role in the accident. \par \par Similarly I reject as patently untruthful his assertion that he overtook the van on a straight stretch of road and I accept the evidence of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Dhirendra Dutt}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 as confirmed by }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Ex.P1}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 that the accident occurred on the defendant's incorrect side of the road where there was a }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "a gradual bend"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 . \par \par In the result I find on a balance of probabilities that the accident was caused by the negligent driving of the defendant on the night in question. \par \par The defendant has also raised in his pleading and in counsel's submissions the question of }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 contributory negligence'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 on the part of the deceased. \par \par In that regard }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Halsbury}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \rquote }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 s }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Laws of England}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (Vol. 34)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 4th Edtn. states at }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 para.69}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "In order to establish this the defendant has to pr ove that the plaintiff's negligence was a cause of the harm which he has suffered in consequence of the defendant's negligence.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 The question is not who had the last opportunity of avoiding the mischief but whose act caused the harm.}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 The question must be de alt with broadly and upon commonsense principles ... the test is whether the plaintiff in the ordinary plain commonsense of the business contributed to the damage."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par In particular much was made about the width of the road where the accident occurred and how the deceased could have avoided the accident by taking evasive action.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 I cannot accept such a submission which is made with hindsight and which seeks to view the driving of a motor vehicle not }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "broadly"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 but rather through a slow motion}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 frame-by-frame'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 analysis. \par \par In my view the driving of a motor vehicle is by nature a continuous motion with constantly changing variables to which minor and sometimes major adjustments must be made and often in a matter of seconds. \par \par Accordingly, a driver suddenly faced on a bend with an on-coming vehicle at night on his side of the road travelling at speed has very little time}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (if any)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 in which to take evasive action.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 To suggest that such a driver in the event that he chooses an}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 incorrect option'}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 is}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 contributorily negligent'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 does not with respect appear to this Court to be a submission based on }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "commonsense principles"}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 . \par \par In }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Shindora v. The State}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Lautoka Cr. App. No. 28 of 1987}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 this Court said }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 at page 11}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 of its judgment}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "... a driver who is overtaking a moving vehicle is prima facie executing a potentially dangerous manoeuvre.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 He is almost invariably encroaching on his incorrect side and accelerating sometimes in the face of on-coming traffic and often while not having a wholly unobstructed view of the road ahead.}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 He there fore has a duty to ensure that he is in a position to safely complete the manoeuvre and properly control his vehicle so as to cope with any contingency that might arise without endangering other road-users."}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par Applying those principles to the facts of this case I am not satisf}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 i}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 ed that the deceased's driving was negligent in any way and I reject as baseless the defendant's claim of }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 contributory negligence'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 . \par \par I turn next to deal with the question of damages.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 In this regard the plaintiff claims the following i tems of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 special damages}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 :}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (1)}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \tab }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Clothing and watch}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 -}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 155.00}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 ;}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (2)}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \tab }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Funeral Expenses}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 -}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $2,000.00}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 ;}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (3)}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \tab }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Legal Fees}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 -}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 850.00 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 and \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (4)}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \tab }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Mazda vehicle (AW972)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 -}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $7,000.00}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par As to }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (1)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 The plaintiff testified that on the night of his death the deceased was dressed in shirt and trousers and carried a bag in which he had some clothes.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 After his death he received none of the deceased's clothings or watch }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "... just an empty bag"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 .}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 In this regard I allow the plaintiff's claim up to an amount of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $100}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 . \par \par As for }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 funeral expenses'}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 the plaintiff testified that he arranged his son's cremation and performed religious ceremonies for 13 continuous nights and then after 6 months and at the end of 12 months.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 He estimated that he would have spent about }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $2,000}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 .}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 He was unable to provide any details}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (not surprisingly perhaps)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 but in any event he confirmed that his family members contributed money for the funeral expenses.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Under this head I would allow a nominal sum of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $350}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 . \par \par Similarly and somewhat unacceptably the plaintiff was unable to produce any evidence to support any payments he may have made to his solicitor for services rendered in obtaining the necessary }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Letters of Administration}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 of the deceased's estate which I note was valued at a very lowly }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $10}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 !}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 In the circumstances learned counsel for the defendant describes this claim}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (with some justification)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 as }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "extreme exaggerations"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 .}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Under this head of special damages recognising the fact that }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Letters of Administration}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 were obtained I award a sum of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $250}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 . \par \par Then there is the deceased's car which was a complete}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 write-off'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 in the accident and for which the plaintiff recovered a paltry }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $100}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 from the wreckers.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 I note that the vehicle was bought as a second-hand car and was involved in an accident shortly after it was acquired.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 It had been used by the deceased for about a year before his death and had had some improvements carried out to it.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 In the absence of a reliable valuation }{ \i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 or}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 any details and costings as to the improvements carried out to the car and mindful that the car was allegedly purchased for }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $6,000}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 of which the plaintiff and his wife contributed a proportion I am content to treat this item very conservatively and accordingly award a sum of }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $1,800}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 for the loss of the deceased's green}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Mazda vehicle}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 reg. no}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 AW 972}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 . \par \par In summary I make the following awards of special damages}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (1)}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \tab }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Clothing and watch}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 -}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 100.00 \par (2)}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \tab }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Funeral expenses}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 -}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 350.00 \par (3)}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \tab }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Legal Costs}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 -}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 250.00 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (4)}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \tab }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Motor vehicle (AW972)}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16268364 } {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 -}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16268364 }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $1,800.00}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }\pard \ql \li3600\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin3600\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467\charrsid16268364 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16268364\charrsid16268364 }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467\charrsid16268364 }{ \b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $2,500.00}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 The plaintiff also claims general damages for the benefit of the deceased's estate under the }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Law Reform (Misc. Provisions) (Death and Interest) Act}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (Cap. 27)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 and for the benefit of 3 named relatives}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (including the plaintiff as the father of the deceased)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 under the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Compensation to Relatives Act }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (Cap. 29)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 .}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 This would appear to be a very common form of pleading in cases of this type that comes before the Court and is clearly based on the provisions of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Section 2(5)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 of the former Act. \par \par However it is helpful for counsel drafting claims in such cases to bear in mind the dicta of }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Marsack J.A.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 when he said in }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Somari v. A.G. and Mohammed}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 F.C.A. Civil Appeal No. 26 of 1980}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 at }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 p.4}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 of his lordship's judgment}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "Some confusion arises from the fact that the appellant is claiming in two capacities}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 :}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 under the Law Reform Ordinance, Cap. 20, as administratrix of the estate of the deceased and under the Compensation to Relatives Ordinance Cap. 22 in her personal capacity.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 It is clearly established that she is not entitled to recover damages amounting to a total of what could be claimed under each of the Ordinances.}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 If, for example, she is held entitled to a sum under the Law Reform Ordinance then that sum must be taken into account in assessing her entitlement under the Compensation to Relatives Ordinance." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par Later in refusing to assess damages}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 seriatim}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 under both Ordinances his lordship said} {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "... there would be no point in making an award under this heading as the amount of it would necessarily have to be deducted from the damages payable to her under the Compensation to Relatives Ordinance."}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par Bearing the above}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 dicta}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 in mind and having regard to the manner in which learned counsel for the plaintiff has treated the claims under the respective Acts and the amounts calculated in his written submissions, I propose instead to adopt the commonly employed method of fixing a basic yearly figure for the deceased's probable earnings}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (less an amount for his personal use and enjoyment)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 i.e.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 a }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 multiplicand'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 ) and a number of years purchase (}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 i.e.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 a }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 multiplier'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 ). \par \par It is common ground that at the time of his death the deceased had attained }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 29 years}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 and was a regular soldier in the }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Fiji Military Forces}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 earning a nett fortnightly wage of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $75.48}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 . \par \par Although he was never married, at the time of his death he lived in a}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 de-facto'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 relationship and had a daughter }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Royneel Sonia Singh}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 who was born on }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 30.6.86}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (almost 13 months to the day of the deceased death).}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par It is also common ground that at the time of his death the deceased and his}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 de-facto wife'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 and child lived rent-free with his parents and as one would expect and as the plaintiff testified, contributed towards the household expenses by }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "... buying the groceries"}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 .}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par The plaintiff also claims that the deceased gave separately to him and his}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (plaintiff's)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 wife, on average, }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $20}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 every fortnight, sometimes more, sometimes less and although, if true, this represents over half the deceased's fortnightly wages,}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5845567 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 the deceased}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 de}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5845567 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 facto wife'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 also worked in a garment factory and undoubtedly assisted her}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 husband'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 . \par \par On a nett fortnightly wage of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $75.48}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 the deceased who was in regular emplo yment would have received a nett annual wage of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $1,962.48}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 .}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Allowing for personal and vehicle expenses of }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 50%}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 I estimate that the deceased would have contributed approximately }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $900}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 towards his parents and the family's total living expenses}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 per annum}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 and I would accordingly adopt that figure as the appropriate }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "multiplicand"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 . \par \par I am of course mindful that had the deceased lived there is every likelihood that he would have married and even without promotions his wages would have increased over time.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Indeed }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Filipe Mika}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 the deceased's paymaster at the relevant time testified that since the deceased's death soldiers have received 2 wage increases which in his opinion would have raised the deceased's nett wages}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (at the time of trial)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 to }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "... roughly $90 per fortnight"}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 . \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid16268364 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Furthermore bearing in mind the plaintiff's declared intention to eventually leave his property to the deceased}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (his only remaining son in Fiji)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 there is every likelihood that the deceased would have continued to live with his parents for some conside rable length of time and continued to contribute towards the household's living expenses and he may even have taken on additional financial responsibilities for the repairs and maintenance of the house which the plaintiff describes as }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "... a very old wooden house worth nothing"}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 .}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par I am also not unmindful that since his death the deceased's }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 de-facto wife'}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 and daughter have emigrated to }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 New Zealand}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 and although learned counsel for the defendant referred to the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "welfare benefits"}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 payable in }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 New Zealand}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 , in the absence of any evidence as to their eligibility I do not consider that to be a relevant factor.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 In any event it is my view that the deceased as the father has the primary responsibility of providing for his daughter. \par \par I turn next to the assessment of an appropriate }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "multiplier"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 which ought to be based upon judicial precedents in similar cases and a consideration of the number of working years of which the deceased has been deprived, the numerous and various perils of uncertainties in life, including the pr ospect of remarriage of the deceased's}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 de-facto wife'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 , the fluctuations that do occur in the value of money and the fact that the damages awarded will be paid as a capital sum from which interest may be derived during the period of dependency. \par \par In }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Josefa Sigavolavola and Anor. v. Gyan Mati}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 F.C.A. Civil Appeal No}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 :}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 85 of 1985}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 in which the deceased a carpenter was }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 30 years}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 of age with a wife and 3 dependant children, the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Court of Appeal}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 in dealing with the question of the appropriate }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "multiplier"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 said at }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 p.7}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "In assessing damages the Court is required to evaluate future possibilities and chances, and assess what will happen in the future, or would have happened but for something which happened in the past.}{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 The result can only be an estimate which, ... should fall within a permissible range."}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par and later at }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 p.8}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 of its judgment the Court said of the }{ \b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 permissible range'}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 in that case}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "In our opinion a multiplier of 14, 15 or 16 could have been used in the present case."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par Bearing the above factors in mind and mindful that the plaintiff had his own capital resources and was not entirely dependant upon the deceased during the latter}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16268364 '}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 s lifetime, I assess a reasonable }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 "multiplier"}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 in this case to be }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 fourteen}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (14)}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 . \par \par Accordingly I award the deceased's estate under the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Law Reform}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (Misc. Provisions) (Death and Interest)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Act}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (Cap. 27)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 general damages in the sum of }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $(900 x 14) = $12,600}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 plus }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $1,500}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 for}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 loss of life'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 and }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $2,500 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 in}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 \lquote }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 special damages'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 making a}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 grand total}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 of }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $(12,600 + 1,500 + 2,500) = $16,600}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 together with interest at the rate of }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 5%}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 per annum}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 with effect from the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 17th of July 1990}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 .}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 The plaintiff is also to receive costs of the action to be taxed if not agreed. \par \par Finally I make the following order dividing the damages amongst those entitled as follows}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 To the deceased's father}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5845567 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 -}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5845567 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $8,000}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 ;}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 To the deceased's mother}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5845567 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 -}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5845567 }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $4,000}{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7670467 ;}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 and \par }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 To the deceased's daughter}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5845567 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 -}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5845567 }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 $4,600}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par This latter sum is to be paid to the }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 Public Trustee}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 to be invested until such time as the deceased's daughter shall turn }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 18 years}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 of age. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx3969\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 (D.V. Fatiaki) \par }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 JUDGE}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 At Suva, \par 23rd September, 1992.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16268364 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5845567 HBC0242.90}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid663628\charrsid7670467 \par }}