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Patel for the Plaintiff \par Mr. T. Fa for the Defendants \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx3969\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid81147 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 RULING \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid81147 {\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 In this application the plaintiff bank seeks to strike out the defendant's }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 Statement of Defence}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 under }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12219234 Order 18 r.18(1)}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 (a), (b) and (d)}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 The application is supported by an affidavit sworn by the Manager of the Samabula Branch of the plaintiff bank annexing various correspondence, a debenture and personal guarantee of the defendants. \par \par {\*\bkmkstart QuickMark}{\*\bkmkend QuickMark}The defendant for his part has sworn an affidavit opposing the application and annexing copies of 2 Bills of Sale executed by him in favour of the plaintiff bank. \par \par In order to better understand this application it is necessary to set out briefly by way of background the dealings that appears to have occurred between the parties as }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 '}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 banker' and }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 '}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 customer' which dates from early 1988 when the 2 Bills of Sale were executed. \par \par At that time the defendant was }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 "... trading as Home & Office Furniture Centre"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 from a premises situated at }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 "147 Ratu Mara Road, Samabula"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 Then on or about the }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 14th of March 1989}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 the defendants incorporated a limited liability company under the not insignificant name and style of }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 "Home and Office Furniture Centre Limited"}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 with themselves as shareholders and directors and with its registered office at }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 '}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 147 Ratu Mara Road, Suva'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 . \par \par This latter company subsequently executed a debenture deed on the }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 15th of June 1989}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 in favour of the plaintiff bank }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 (as the recital states)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 : }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4465817 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 "}{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 IN CONSIDERATION}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 of the loans, advances discounts or other banking accommodation }{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 which have been}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 ... }{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 made}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 by the Mortgagee to the Company solely or together with any other corporation or per}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4465817 s}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 on }{ \i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 AND INCONSIDERATION}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 of the Mortgagee's forbearing for one day from the date hereof to press for payment of }{ \i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 past such advances}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 and }{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 IN CONSIDERATION}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 of any loans advances discounts or other banking accommodation }{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 which have been}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 ... }{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 made}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 to a ny customer of the Mortgagee on any guarantee bond, ... or other form of security now ... held by the Mortgagee on which the Company is ... liable ..."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 (the underlining is mine) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid81147 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 \par Clearly the above recital is as wide as it could possibly be and in my view contemplates and is wide enough to cover past advances made by the plaintiff bank whether or not to the company concerned and whether or not already secured by Bill of Sale. \par \par In spite of that the defendant's }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 Statement of Defence}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 denies that any money was lent to the company }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 Home and Office Furniture Centre Limited}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 }{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 The defendant also denied in his affidavit that the company had taken over any of the defendants' undoubted personal liability to the plaintiff bank incurred when he traded as an unincorporated firm. \par \par Indeed it is claimed }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 (contrary to the affidavit of the plaintiff bank's manager)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 that the debenture was given for the purpose of obtaining a "}{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 new loan}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 " for the company and never at any time was it given as security for past advances to the defendant which it is claimed was already adequately secured by two }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 Bills of Sale}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 . \par \par Not only do these assertion fly in the face of the clear wording of the recital but, in addition, they are difficult to reconcile with the undisputed fact that within 3 weeks of its e xecution the debenture was stamped so as to cover advances up to $70,000!}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 How that figure was arrived at after so short a trading period remains unexplained by the defendant. \par \par In any event it is clear that the defendants }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 defence'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 is based on the trite proposition that an incorporated company is a separate and distinct legal entity from its subscribers and shareholders. \par \par That proposition and the absence of any direct reference in the company debenture and in the personal guarantee of the defendants of a pre -existing debt owed by the defendants to the plaintiff bank has clearly emboldened the defendants to make the assertions that they have in their }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 Statement of Defence}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 and affidavit. \par \par On this narrow issue}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4465817 the affidavit evidence is diam}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 etrically opposed and could even be said to be }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 evenly-balanced'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 , with the Manager of the plaintiff bank deposing that }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 "the said company took over the operations and the liability of the first defendant trading as Home and Office Centre"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 versus the first defendant baldly denyin g it and asserting that the debenture was given for a }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 new loan'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 . \par \par It is clear beyond mere coincidence that the physical persons remained the same throughout the entire banking history between the plaintiff bank and the defendants and that all that had occurred for all intents and purposes was that the defendants' }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 interposed'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 a limited liability company into the course of their dealings with the plaintiff bank sometime in 1989. \par \par If by the creation of that }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 alter ego'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 the defendants hope somehow to }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 '}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 distanc e' themselves from their pre-existing debt to the plaintiff bank then they have failed miserably to reckon with this court's power and duty to }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 "lift the veil of incorporation"}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 where the device of incorporation is used for some illegal, improper, or fraudulent purpose }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 and}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 of the equitable }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 doctrine of estoppel'}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 which would operate so as to prevent parties to a transaction based on an underlying assumption }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 (in this instance that the company had taken over the defendants' existing debt)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 from denying or going back on it where it would be unfair or unjust to allow them to do so.}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147\charrsid81147 \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 [}{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 See}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 :}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 Amalgamated Investment }{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 (in liquidation)}{ \f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 v. Texas Commerce Bank}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 (1982) 1 Lloyds Reps 27}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 ]. \par \par In the circumstances the defendant's }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 Statement of Defence}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 application must be considered }{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 'frivo}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 lous'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 and is hereby struck out with costs to the plaintiff to be taxed if not agreed. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx3969\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid81147 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 (D.V. Fatiaki) \par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 JUDGE}{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid81147 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 \par At Suva, \par 27th March, 1992. \par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid81147 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid81147 HBC0097R.91S}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5515060\charrsid81147 \par }}