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\par At Suva
\par Civil Jurisdiction
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par CIVIL ACTION NO. 457 OF 1991
\par 
\par Between:
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 1.}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800\charrsid996800  }{
\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 AMINA BI KHAN
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 d/o Mazullah Khan
\par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 2.}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800\charrsid996800  }{
\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 SHAUKAT KHAN
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 s/o Habibullah Khan
\par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 3.}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800\charrsid996800  }{
\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 HAROON KHAN}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800\charrsid996800 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 s/o Ameer Khan
\par Plaintiffs
\par 
\par - and -
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 1.}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800\charrsid996800  }{
\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 MOHAMMED ALI KHAN
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 s/o Habibullah Khan
\par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 2.}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800\charrsid996800  }{
\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 HASMI BI}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800\charrsid996800 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 d/o Riyasat Ali
\par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 3.}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800\charrsid996800  }{
\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 BASHIR KHAN}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800\charrsid996800 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 s/o Puran Singh}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Defendants
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\par Mr. A. Sen for the Plaintiffs
\par Mr. H.M. Patel for the Defendants
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\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 On the }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 24th of September 1991}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  this court granted an interim injunction on the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  ex parte}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  application of the plaintiffs against the defendants restraining them from evicting and/or interfering with the plaintiffs' occupation of native land.
\par 
\par The defendants now seek}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  inter partes}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
 the dissolution of the injunction on two principal grounds}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  
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\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 , never owned the land as claimed and therefore was presumably incapable of divesting any part of it to the plaintiffs;}{
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\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 , 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid996800 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid996800 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 (2) Even if the court should find that the plaintiffs were }{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 "entitled"}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
 to occupy the land, their occupation of the land would be illegal null and void under }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 S.12}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  of the }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Native Land Trust Act Cap.}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  and }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 S.4}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  of the }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Subdivision of Land Act Cap. 118}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 .}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid996800 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par As to the first ground it is necessary to trace briefly the opposing sequence of tenure of the disputed land which is known as }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Naodamu}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  and more particularly delineated in }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 NLTB FILE No. 4/9/7298}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 .
\par 
\par The plaintiffs in their affidavits claim}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  (without supporting documents)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
 that the land was originally }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 "owned"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  by one }{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Sukhawat Khan}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  and was later transferred to his son }{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Habibullah Khan}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 and on the latter's death the land was transferred to his wife }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Hamidan Nisha}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  (presumably as administratrix of his estate)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  who then transferred it to her son }{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Mohammed Ali Khan}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  (the first defendant)}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  who in turn sold it}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  (in 1988)}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  to the 2nd defendant who sold it}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  (in 1991)}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  to its present owner }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Bashir Khan}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  (the 3rd defendant)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 .
\par 
\par On the other hand there appears to be an unbroken chain of documentary annexures that indicates that prior to 1971 the subject land was leased to the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 C.S.R.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Then in 1971 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
Hamidan Nisha}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 applied to the }{
\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 N.L.T.B.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  for a lease of the land and a }{
\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 "T.A.W."}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  (tenancy-at-will)}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  was provisionally approved on the 2nd of November 1972.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 No formal title document has been iss
ued to her but it is common ground that she continued to occupy the land under the terms of that approval and dealt with it as though she were a registered lessee.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par 
\par The land was successively transferred}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  (with the consent of the N.L.T.B.)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
 to the 1st defendant on 21st of May 1984; to the 2nd defendant on the 22nd July 1988 and finally to the 3rd defendant on the 12th of June 1991.
\par 
\par The plaintiffs each claims to be entitled to remain in occupation of the various portions of land that each claims to occupy by virtue of the following}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  "facts"}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid996800 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 -The }{
\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 first plaintiff}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 , as the daughter-in-law of Habibullah Khan whose husband }{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Ramzan Ali Khan}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
 had been given 3 acres of the said land to occupy and cultivate about 33 years ago;
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid996800 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid996800 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 -Similarly, the }{
\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 second plaintiff}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 , }{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Shaukat Khan}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
, claims to have cultivated and lived on his portion since he was 15 years.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
He too was given 3 acres on which to build his house.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid996800 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid996800 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 -The }{
\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 third plaintiff}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  }{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Haroon Khan}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 ,}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  has not sworn an affidavit but there is a disputed letter dated the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  29th of May, 1990}
{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  which bears the thumb print of the 2nd defendant }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Hasmi Bi}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  and which confirms the existence and the sale of a dwelling house on the land to the 3rd plaintiff by }{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Yusuk Ali Khan}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  who was also a son of Habibullah Khan.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid996800 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par The plaintiffs also claim to have had no k
nowledge of the sale or transfer of the land to any of the defendants but such a claim appears at best implausible having regard to the eviction proceedings that were instituted against them in the Labasa Magistrate Court in May 1990 by the 2nd defendant 
coupled with their own solicitor's response of 22nd March 1989 to the}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800 '}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 notice to quit'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 .
\par 
\par The defendants for their part rely on the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 N.L.T.B.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
 consents and registered transfers as the foundation of their respective titles to the land.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
In addition the 2nd defendant deposes to her belief }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
"... that the sons of Habibullah Khan came on the land by virtue of being members of the family and not pursuant to any trust"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 .}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par 
\par She also pleads the illegality of the plaintiffs' occupation of the land for lack of }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 N.L.T.B.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  consent.
\par 
\par It is noteworthy that the area of land which }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Hamidan Nisha}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
 applied for was amended to }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 3.6 acres}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
 whereas the land transferred to the defendants has an area of }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 6 acres}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  and }{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 2 roods}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 .}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Furthermore the application was made at a time when she was a 60 year old widow.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par 
\par It might well be that as the plaintiffs' claim their portions were given to them during their father or father-in-law's lifetime or even by their mother prior to her application for a formal lease over the land and the fact that }{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Hamidam Nisha}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  sa
w fit to transfer the land to the 1st defendant only to the exclusion of her other children who were then presumably living and farming on the land raises what the plaintiff's claim to be an issue of}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800 '}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 fraud'}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  in the transfer of the land to }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Mohammed Ali Khan}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 .
\par 
\par Clearly the circumstances under which each plaintiff came to occupy the land raises triable issues that can only be resolved by an open court hearing.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Furthermore the presence of the plaintiffs on the land must on any view have been apparent to the defendants.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
Certainly the 2nd defendant was aware of this when she agreed to sell the land to the 3rd defendant and so presumably must the 3rd defendant when he accepted responsibility for evicting }{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 "anyone who is on the property"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 .
\par 
\par That however is not the end of the matter for there remains the second alternative ground raised by learned counsel for the defendants and in support of which he cited the decision of the Fiji Court of Appeal in }{
\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Ram Narayan v. Moti Ram}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  Civil Appeal No. 16 of 1983}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  where the Court considered very similar issues to those in the present case and said at }{
\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 p.4}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid996800 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
"Even conceding, by way of assumption that the respondent was entitled to succeed ... the respondent would still be left to surmount the provisions of the Native Land Trust Ordinance.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800 
 }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 It is common ground that no consent of the N.L.T.B. was obtained to the transaction of gift.}{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800  }
{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 It is common ground that the transaction was implemented to the full by the respondent going into possession of the land and building a house upon it.}{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800  }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 These are 
the very circumstances which have been held, where no consent has been obtained, to constitute a dealing in land contrary to Section 12 of the Act and thereby unlawful, null and void in terms of the section.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid996800 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid996800 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 We consider it inescapable that, whatever the o
utcome of the "gift" issue, the respondent could not show a lawful title to remain on the land."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid996800 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par and further at }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 p.3}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800 :}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid996800 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
"The two sections (namely 12 and 27), clearly designed for the control and protection of native land, are manifestly not such that an estoppel could be permitted to operate to their negation."}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid996800 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par That decision however needs to be considered in the light of the more recent judgment of the Privy Council in }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Maharaj v. Jai Chand}{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  (1986) 3 All E.R. 107}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 in which their lordships distinguished }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Chalmers v. Pardoe}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 [1963] 3 ALL E.R. 552}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  (cited by counsel for the defendants)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  and }{
\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 held}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 : 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid996800 {\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
"On the natural and ordinary meaning of Section 12 of the Fiji Native Land Trust Act a purely personal right arising out of a promissory or equitable estoppel was not a }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800 '}{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 dealing' with land for the purpose of Section 12."}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid996800 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
In this latter regard even if one assumes that the plaintiffs could establish a purely personal right against their mother and brother preventing them from denying that the plaintiffs had their permission t
o reside permanently on the portions of land given to them and which they occupied, nevertheless, in the absence of a properly particularised}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  "fraud"}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  it is difficult to see how such an equity or estoppel could operate so as to bind the 3rd defendant in the light of }{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Section 40}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  of the }{
\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Land Transfer Act}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  (Cap. 131)}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 .
\par 
\par Learned counsel for the plaintiffs in opposing the application submitted that even if the }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 "gifts"}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  to the plaintiffs were considered to be }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800 '}{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 dealings'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  with the land in question, nevertheless they occ
urred at a time when the land }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 "belonged to the C.S.R."}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  and prior to it becoming }{
\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800 '}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 native land'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 .}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 In the circumstances no consent was required from the }{
\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 N.L.T.B.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par 
\par The submission is only superficially attractive and in any event is based up on an unsubstantiated assumption as to the ownership of the land prior to 1971.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Needless to say the land is described in }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Hamidan Nisha's}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  application in 1971 as being }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 "... within Naodamu C.S.R. lease"}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  and as owned by the }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 "Mataqali Navakalevu"}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 .
\par 
\par Counsel for the plaintiffs also sought to distinguish the decision in }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Ram Narayan's case}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  (op cit)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
 on the basis that the court was there dealing with a registered lease whereas here the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800 '}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 primary'}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  document was an }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800 '}{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 approval notice'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  and the argument continues it was only in respect of }{
\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800 '}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 dealings'}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
 with native land the subject matter of a registered or registrable }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800 '}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 lease'}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  that the consent of the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 N.L.T.B.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  was required.
\par 
\par Such an argument ignores the object and purpose of Section 12 which is}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid996800 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 "... directed against alienating or dealing with }{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 the land}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  without the consent of the board.}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800  }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
Manifestly the section is intended to ensure that the board's power of control and the beneficial interests of the Fijian owners are not to be prejudiced by unauthorised transactions".}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 (}{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 per}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  Sir Robin Cooke}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  in }{
\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Maharaj v. Jai Chand}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  (op. cit.)}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  at }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 p.110b}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 )
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid996800 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par Furthermore the submissions incorrectly lays emphasis on the document of title which identifies the land as opposed to }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 "the land"}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  itself on or over which the }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800 '}{
\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 dealing'}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  (if any)}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  has occurred and which }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Section 12}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  in terms seeks to protect.}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800  }{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par 
\par In any event it was decided by Williams J.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  (as he then was)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  in }{
\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Chandrika Prasad v. Gulzara Singh and Others}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
 Labasa Civil Action No. 76 of 1976 that a person occupying native land under an approval notice issued by the Native Land Trust Board was, in equity, a lessee on the terms of that particular notice of approval}{
\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  (approved by the Fiji Court of Appeal in }{\b\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 Logessa v. Pachamma}{
\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  Civil Appeal No. 59 of 1979)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 .
\par 
\par In the circumstances I have reluctantly come to the conclusion that the injunction granted by this court on the }{\b\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 24th of September, 1991}{
\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800  should not be further extended and it is accordingly dissolved.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx3969\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid996800 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 (D.V. Fatiaki)
\par }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid996800 {\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 
\par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506\charrsid996800 At Suva,
\par 20th March, 1992.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6038506 
\par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid996800 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800 HBC0457D.91S}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid996800\charrsid996800 
\par }}