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\rsid14878935\rsid14900604\rsid15415041\rsid16196604\rsid16666150}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.6764;}{\info{\title IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\author marahare_d}{\operator blake_r}{\creatim\yr2005\mo11\dy7\hr16\min5}
{\revtim\yr2005\mo11\dy28\hr10\min2}{\version7}{\edmins6}{\nofpages3}{\nofwords977}{\nofchars5572}{\*\company USP}{\nofcharsws6536}{\vern16391}}\paperw12245\paperh15845\margl1440\margr1440 
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\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10843328 \fs20\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3819194\charrsid8866817 IN THE}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2052424  HI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3819194\charrsid8866817 GH COURT OF FIJI}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10434870 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10843328 (}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid8866817 AT SUVA}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10843328 )}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid8866817 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5508424 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3819194\charrsid3819194 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8866817 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid10434870 JUDICIAL REVIEW NO. 5 OF 1991
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5508424 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3819194\charrsid3819194 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8866817 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid8866817 THE STATE
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8866817 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7340636 -v-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid3819194 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5508424 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3819194\charrsid3819194 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8866817 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid8866817 FIJI POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS EMPLOYEES ASSOCIATION
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15415041 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15415041\charrsid15415041 Respondent}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3819194\charrsid15415041 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15415041 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15415041\charrsid3819194 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10434870 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid8866817 Ex Parte:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9856943 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3819194\charrsid9856943 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8866817 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid8866817 PUBLIC SERVICE ASSOCIATION
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10843328 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10843328 Applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid10843328 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5508424 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3819194\charrsid3819194 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid3819194 H. Nagin for the Applicant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3819194\charrsid3819194 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3819194 J. Semisi for the Respondent
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid3819194 E. Leung for the Registrar of Trade Unions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3819194\charrsid3819194 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7102703 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid7102703 REASONS FOR DECISIONS
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5508424 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3819194 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid3819194 This matter which is an appli}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14900604 cation for committal for }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid3819194 
contempt of an order of this Court dated}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15415041  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14900604 26 February 1991 brought }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid3819194 
pursuant to leave granted on 5 June 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14900604 991 came before me on 28 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid3819194 November 1991.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14900604  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid3819194 I refused the applicat}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14900604 ion and three associated }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid3819194 applications and now give my reasons.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14900604\charrsid3819194 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5919012\charrsid3819194 The first application was for the hearing to be }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14900604 adjourned. Mr Semisi informed me that }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5919012\charrsid3819194 the alleged contemnors }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14900604 were represented by Mr Bulewa who was }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5919012\charrsid3819194 
"handling the matter}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14900604  personally}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid355874 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14900604 . Mr Bulewa had gone}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14107507  to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14900604  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid355874 K}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14900604 adavu. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5919012\charrsid3819194 He had written to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14900604 the Chief Regis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5583834 trar}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5919012\charrsid3819194  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14107507 on 21 November }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5919012\charrsid3819194 advising him that an }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5583834 application for an adjournment would be made and asking that the Chi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14107507 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5583834 
f Registrar notify the other parties. No copy of the letter was to be found on the fi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14107507 le althou}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5583834 g}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14107507 h}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5583834  Mr Nagin and Mr Leung advise me that they had both received copies.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5919012\charrsid3819194 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5583834 I refused the application. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5919012\charrsid3819194 For some years }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15415041\charrsid3819194 now,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5919012\charrsid3819194  the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5583834  Courts of Fiji have been plagued with applications for adjournments. Frequent adjournments are m
ore disruptive of the smooth functioning of the Courts. When dates for hearing have been fixed, in this case on 18}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid5583834\charrsid5583834 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5583834 
 September, and a judge has been allocated, last minute adjournments result in a loss of valuable court time}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4135937  which can ill be afforded. The 
waste of Court time is most unfair to those many litigants anxious to have their cases heard. A combination of courts lying idle and a long backlog of cases awaiting disposal is clearly unacceptable. In committal }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15415041 cases,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4135937 
 there is the additional factor of the courts interest in the application which must be taken into account. What, after all, is being alleged is that an order of the court has been disobeyed. The court itself has a clear interest in establishing whether c
ontempt has in fact occurred and if so having the contempt purged. In a small number of cases }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14107507 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4135937 especial difficult}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14107507 y}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15415041 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4135937 
 a Court may sympathetically hear an application for an adjournment when counsel who has handled }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3486294 the matter has unavoidably and at the last 
moment been prevented from attending. Most cases, however, can easily be handed over to other counsel to appear. The papers in this case did not show the matter to be one of especial difficulty and as already mentioned Mr Bulewa knew by November 21 that h
e would be unable to attend. Alternative counsel could and should have been briefed to appear in his place.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9260647  I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3486294 
t was for these reasons that I refused the application for adjournment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5583834 
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3486294 The second application came from counsel for the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9260647 A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3486294 pplicant. He pointed out 
that the alleged contemnors were not present. He suggested that in view of the nature of the application the hearing should be adjourned to enable them to attend. I was not impressed with the submission. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4680477 In my view, a Court considering an application for committal for contempt is not bound to adjourn the hearing of the applicant's case merely because of the non attendance of the alleged contemnors. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8007778 Were it the case that where alleged contemnors decline or fail to appear the Court would have to adjourn then the procedure for applying for their committal could easily and simply be frustrated. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9260647 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8007778 n this case}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15415041 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8007778 
 although Mr Bulewa could not attend the hearing no reason was advanced for the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15415041 non-appearance}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8007778  of the contemno}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15415041 rs. No affidavit on their behalf}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8007778  had been filed}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8539615  in reply to the applicant\rquote 
s supporting affidavit dated 24 May 1991. An applicant proceeding in the absence of the alleged contemnors might indeed only expect to obtain a suspended order}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3299613 : that situation is covered by O}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8539615 rder 52 rule 2. In the circumstances}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15415041 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8539615  I saw no reason not to hear the applicant\rquote 
s case despite the non appearance of the alleged contemnors.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8539615 
\par Mr Nagin relied on the contents of the affidavit of Mr Rajeshwar Singh sworn on 24 May 1991. The only allegations of breach of the order of 26 February are contained in paragraph 4(i) to (iv) of this affidavit. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4542691 In my view}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15415041 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4542691 
 the facts and matters contained in that paragraph are nowhere near sufficient to justify an order for committal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9260647 . In my view}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1734159 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9260647  the facts and the matters contained in the paragraph are nowhere near sufficient }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16196604 to justify an order for committal}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4542691 . In my view}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1734159 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4542691  the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid676762 y}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4542691  do not even amount to evidence that the alleged contemnors have breached the order at al
l. The relevant part of the order of 26 February was to the effect that the Respondent Association was prohibited from }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12455734 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4542691 
negotiating interfering or in any other }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12455734 manner whatsoever dealing with"}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4542691  Fiji Post and Telecommunications Ltd. (the Company). Paragraph 4
 alleges that the Respondent Association has }{\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4542691\charrsid2819225 received}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4542691  subscriptions sent to it by the Company after the Company had deducted }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14252766 those subscriptions from its employees. How mere unsolicited receipt of money sent to it }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10757622 by the Company could amount to "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14252766 dealing with}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10757622 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14252766 
 the company I fail to see. There is nothing whatever in the affidavit to suggest that the alleged contemnors were the instigators of what the company did.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8539615 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14252766 
\par Upon making my preliminary views known Mr Nagin then made another application, this time to adjourn the hearing so he could call further evidence. He explained that he had had a witness on standby whom he had not brought to Court because of Mr }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4680477 Bulewa's}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14252766  letter of 21 November}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3755086  but whom he had }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16196604 not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3755086 been able to contact following my refusal to grant adjour
nment. I refused the application. The witness should have been present at the Court. He should not have been told not to c}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1734159 ome merely because of Mr Bulewa'}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3755086 s letter of 21 November}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14252766 . Counse}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3755086 
l should not expect adjournments to be granted merely upon request. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14878935 It 
has been said time without number that the Court do not sit for their convenience. In any event, the grounds relied upon at the hearing of an application for committal should be those placed before the court when the application for leave is made (see Ord
er 52 rule 5(3)). Even had the witness been present I should not have granted the applicant leave to call him unless satisfied that there was a good reason for the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1670783 
grounds, evidence as to which it was intended he should give,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14878935  not being included in the statement filed pursuant to Order 52 rule 2. No reason at all was advanced by Mr Nagin}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9856943 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14878935 
\par The final }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16196604 application }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14878935 was an application by Mr Semisi for costs. In view of the dismal circumstances outlined above}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1734159 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14878935  I declined to make any order.
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid3819194 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3819194 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid3819194 M.D. SCOTT}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3819194\charrsid3819194 

\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771\charrsid3819194 JUDGE}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8351771 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5901724 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9856943 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5901724\charrsid5901724 Dated this 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\super\langnp2057\insrsid5901724\charrsid5901724 rd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5901724\charrsid5901724  day of December 1991}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15415041 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5901724\charrsid5901724 
\par }}