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{\operator Emalus Campus}{\creatim\yr2003\mo7\dy31\hr14\min45}{\revtim\yr2003\mo7\dy31\hr14\min45}{\version2}{\edmins1}{\nofpages3}{\nofwords812}{\nofchars4632}{\*\company Director of Public Prosecutions}{\nofcharsws5434}{\vern16469}}
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par Criminal Jurisdiction
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 
\par CRIMINAL APPEAL NO: 8 OF 1991
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 THE STATE
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472\charrsid8804472 v.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 HUMPHREY KAMSOON}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472\charrsid8804472  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 CHANG
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8804472 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472\charrsid8804472 COUNT 1:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4542463 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472\charrsid8804472 CORRUPTION:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472\charrsid8804472 Contrary to Section 106}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472\charrsid8804472 (a) of the Penal Code, Cap. 17}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8804472 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472\charrsid8804472 COUNT 2:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4542463 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472\charrsid8804472 ABUSE OF OFFICE:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472\charrsid8804472 Contrary to Section}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472\charrsid8804472 11 of the Penal Code, Cap. 17}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8804472 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472\charrsid8804472 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8804472 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 Ms N Shameem for the State
\par Mr Q B Bale for the Defence}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8804472 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8804472 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 The assessors }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4542463 have returned divided opinions -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 
 two assessors have found the accused not guilty while the third has found him guilty of a misdemeanour under Section 111.
\par 
\par It seem to me that the majority view was based on Mr Bale\rquote 
s submission that an offence of this nature does not warrant a criminal prosecution as the act of the accused was only a violation of the policy decision of the Supplies and Services Board of the Department of Government Supplies.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 
Their confusion may also have been due to the unconventional nature of the offence, the type of which rarely comes up ion our courts in this country. That already indicated to the assessors in my summing up that their duty was
 to decide whether the act of the accused comes within the terms of the first part of the section which describes it as a misdemeanour or the second which describes the offence as a felony.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 I indicated to them that that was their function and that the question of the degree of the seriousness of the crime was a matter for me at the stage of sentencing.
\par 
\par So far as the first part of Section 111 is concerned there are three elements or ingredients to be proved:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472\charrsid8804472 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid8804472 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 That the public servant acted in abuse of the authority of his office
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8804472 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 
hat his act was arbitrary and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8804472 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 
hat the act was prejudicial to the rights o f another.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8804472 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 
\par The first ingredient was made out when it was proved that there were definite}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 
policy directions from the Supplies and Services Board from as far as back as 1983 that orders from Mazda and Hino spares should be given only to the franchise dealers.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 This was not a mere technical non-compliance in the contest of other circumstances.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 This matter had been agitated and reagitated in the Major Supplies Tender Board.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 There is evidence that the company of which the accused was a director, Wing Lee Motors Ltd, was one of the tenderers to whom the local purchase orders were issued initially.
\par 
\par There was thus a definite purpose to be served by deviating from the policy}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 directions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 Thus it was an act in abuse of the authority of his office.
\par 
\par The second ingredient also overlaps the firs in certain respects.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 The act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 of the accused was despotic and autocratic.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 
Far from being in consonance with rules and regulations it was in flagrant violation of the directive of the Supplies and Services Board and the decisions of the Major Services Tender Board and the Technical Committee.
\par 
\par The third element was proved when it was established that the award of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 the tender to Wing Lees 
and Dan Paul Industrial Suppliers along with Niranjans at first to the Dan Paul Industrial Suppliers and Niranjans prejudiced?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 
That is the basic question.
\par 
\par It seems to me that the two assessors were swayed by Mr Bale\rquote s argument that on the whole the government gained by the non-award of the purchase orders solely to Niranjans.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 But Dan Pauls also gained something which it would not have if the orders had been given solely and exclusively to Niranjans in accordance with the policy decision.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 The bona fides of 
the accused are also suspect when one considers the personal efforts made by the accused in opening letters of credit and depositing }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4542463 monies on account of Dan Pauls -}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472  which itself is conduct unbecoming of a public servant holding high office.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 
His altruism becomes questionable when it is realized that having put the cheque for $85,213.26 into the account of Wing Lee on the 17}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472  October 1989 the accused expedited the payment of $24,000 on 28}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472  November 1989 knowing fully well that on the total deal Dan Paul wa
s profiting to the tune of $22,000 (assuming that the profit was exclusively pocketed by Dan Pauls) which seems exorbitant compared to the total cost of $87,000 which was the amount actually incurred by the accused.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 Why should Dan Paul gain at the expense of Niranjans?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 It seems to be a case of robbing Peter and pay Paul.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 
The mala fides of the accused or the absence of bona fides in this matter also go to prove the abuse of authority.
\par 
\par Even if there is doubt that the accused intended to share the profit with
 Dan Paul or to take it for himself entire there cannot be any doubt that the intention of the accused was to prejudice the rights of Niranjans even though it be on the basis of high principles.
\par 
\par There is no definite proof that the second payment of $24, 000 would have ultimately reached the accused in which case the accused must be guilty of a felony.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 There was only the evidence of Daniel Nair on this point. The basis of the opinions of all three assessors is that they have rejected the evidence of Daniel Nair.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 I agree with the view of all three assessors on this point that it is unsafe to act on the evidence of Daniel Nair.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 The accused cannot therefore be properly found guilty of a felony under Section 111 as there is no proof beyond reasonable doubt.
\par 
\par I therefore agree with the minority opinion that the accused is guilty of a misdemeanour under Section 111.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804472  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 
I disagree with the majority opinion.
\par 
\par I find the accused guilty of abuse of office which is a misdemeanour under Section 111 and I convict him accordingly.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8804472 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 M D Jesuratman
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 JUDGE
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8804472 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 
\par At Suva
\par 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472 st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345\charrsid8804472  November, 1991}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3431345 
\par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4542463 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4542463 HAA0008.91S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4542463\charrsid8804472 
\par }}