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}}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993383 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par (AT SUVA) \par CIVIL JURISDICTION \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 \par ACTION NO. 173 OF 1990 \par \par BETWEEN}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 : \par \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 MAIKELI NAGATA}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5781629\charrsid1993383 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 of Namu}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5781629 lomulo Village, Nadi suing on }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 behalf of himself and oth}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5781629 er persons herein who have so }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 authorised him as their representative and who are either}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5781629 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 registered members of }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 Tokatoka Nalosi,}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 Mataqali Ketenatukani}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 , or }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 Tokatoka Neilesu}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 , }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 Mataqali Ketenatacini}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5781629 , }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 or }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 Tokatoka Nakese }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 , }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 Mataqali Ketenatukani}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 , all of }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 Yavusa Saumata}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 of the Village Namulomulo, Nadi, Ba. \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 Plaintiff \par \par AND}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 :}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5781629 \par \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 (1)}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5781629\charrsid1993383 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 THE NATIVE LANDS COMMISSION}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383\charrsid1993383 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5781629 a body established under the Native Lands Act, Cap. 133.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 First Defendant \par \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 (2)}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5781629\charrsid1993383 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 NATIVE LAND TRUST BOARD}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383\charrsid1993383 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5781629 a body established under the }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Native Land Trust Act, Cap. 134. \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 Second Defendant}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par \par }{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 (3)}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5781629\charrsid1993383 }{ \b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 RATU MELI NAEVO,}{\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383\charrsid1993383 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Tui Nawaka, Nawaka Nadi, Ba. \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid1993383 Third Defendant}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par Mr. R. Matebalavu}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 : }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 For the Plaintiff \par Ratu J. Madraiwiwi}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 : }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 For the First Defendant \par Mr. N. Nawaikula}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 : }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 For the Second Defendant \par Mr. E. Tavai}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 : }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 For the Third Defendant \par \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5781629 Dates of Hearing: }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 27th November 1990, 11th January}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5781629 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 1991, 1st, 6th and 14th March 1991 \par Date of Judgment:}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5781629 12th August 1991}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 JUDGMENT}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par This case centres on a dispute over a large area of native land comprising approximately 2487 acres in the area of Ba and known as "Namulomulo Town Lands", which I shall henceforth refer to as "the land".}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 The dispute involve s the villagers of Namulomulo being members of Yavusa Saumata and represented by the Plaintiff on behalf of himself and various other native land owners, members of the various sub-division of Yavusa Saumata, and Mataqali Nalagi represented by the Third-n amed Defendant.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par \par The First-named Defendant is a body corporate established under the Native Lands Act, Cap. 133 and is charged with the duty of ascertaining lands within Fiji that are the rightful and hereditary property of native owners and determining th e rightful native Fijian proprietor of such lands. \par \par The Second-named Defendant is a body corporate established under the Native Land Trust Act, Cap. 134 and is vested with the control of all native lands including the authority to administer such land for the benefit of Fijian owners.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 In the exercise of such authority the Board's functions include those of determining and distributing rent to the rightful native Fijian recipient of such rent. \par \par The Third-named Defendant holds the Chiefly title, Tui Nawaka and as such is the head of the traditional state (Vanua) of Nawaka which constitutes the largest district (Tikina) in the Province of Ba.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 The Vanua of Nawaka comprises 12 yavusas or tribes one of which is the Yavusa Saumata residing at Namulomulo Village. \par \par By Originating Summons dated the 8th of May 1990 the Plaintiff seeks declarations: \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2766781 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2766781 (i)\tab }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 that the legal ownership of the Namulomulo Town}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2766781 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Land vests fully and exclusively in the several}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2766781 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Mataqalis of the N}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2766781 amulomulo Village as owners-}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 in-common; \par \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2766781 (ii)\tab }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 that the legal ownership of the Namulomulo Town}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2766781 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Land vests fully and exclusively the Namulomulo}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2766781 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 villagers as owners-in-common; \par \par (iii)\tab that the proper }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2766781 and lawful payee of all the }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 rent in respect of the Namulomulo Town Land}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2766781 is }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 the Namulomulo villagers as members of the}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2766781 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 several Mataqalis within the villages who are}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2766781 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 owners-in-common of the land. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par The Plaintiff also seeks an order for Mandamus to compel the Native Lands Commission to abide by its own decision vesting the ownership of the land in the several Mataqalis of N amulomulo Village as owners-in-common and to compel the Commission to direct the Native Land Trust Board to pay all rent due from the land or any part thereof to the Namulomulo villagers exclusively and that the Native Land Trust Board shall consult with only the Namulomulo villagers in respect of land dealings relating to the land.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 The Plaintiff also seeks an Injunction restraining the Native Land Trust Board from paying out all rent in respect of the land which is in the possession and custody of the Nati ve Land Trust Board pending the adjudication by the Court of the Land Title issue, further and other relief deemed just by the Court an}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 d costs.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par \par Before I commenced the hearing of this case I expressed the opinion to counsel that it might be better for a Fi jian-born Judge to adjudicate on the matters raised by the Summons but first, this was not possible for practical reasons at the time and secondly, in any event, the parties wished me to remain seized of the matter.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Although I have regarded the task given me as somewhat daunting, in the end it appears that really my decision must be based on the interpretation of documents, particularly those annexed to the Plaintiff's affidavit sworn on the 30th of April 1990 and a Ruling given by the Native Lands Commiss ion in Namulomulo Village on the 16th of October 1989.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Counsel for the Third-named Defendant has kindly given a translation of this Ruling from Fijian into English and I have found it of assistance. \par \par The present dispute arose out of the distribution of royalties for gravel which had been extracted from within the boundaries of Namulomulo Town Lands.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 The Plaintiffs had authorised the extraction of gravel from the land and received sizeable sums of money in royalties for it without the knowledge and consent of the Third-named Defendant as Head of the Mataqali.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 The Plaintiffs contend that because of the way in which they acquired the land they are entitled to such royalties without the consent of the Third-named Defendant.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 The First and Second-named Defendants deny this and generally support the argument of the Third-named Defendant. \par \par Until December 1989 rent for the land was also being paid to the Namulomulo villagers by the Second-named Defendant but this was suspended when the Ministry of Fijian Affairs wrote to the General Manager of the Second-named Defendant on the 27th of November 1989 requesting suspension of payments pending resolution of the right of the Plaintiffs to such money. \par \par The present case appears to go back long before the appointment of a Lands Commission in November 1880, designed to settle tribal boundaries, but whose efforts proved useless.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 (See Peter France, The Charter of the Land (1969), Oxford University Press, page 131.)}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 It appears that the forebears of the Plaintiffs came from the highlands, having been forced out by the tribal fighting which had for years waged among Fijians.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 They were aliens but on arrival in the region of Ba their plight was recognised and they were given land by the Tui Nawaka, one of the predecessors of the Third-named Defendant.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 With the grant of land they were obliged to provide some service to their new Chief. \par \par Over the years which followed various attempts were made by the Governments of the day to resolve questions of land title}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 until in 1894 the Wilkinson Commission was appointed.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Its Chairman was David Wilkinson who had arrived in Fiji from Victoria in about 1861, had translated the Deed of Cession and had been the Chief Interpreter to the Government, the Commissioner for Native Affairs and the Commissioner for Native Lands.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 His task was to record the various boundaries of land occupied by Fijians and in 1896 he set out a description of the lands given by the Nalagi Mataqali to the several Mataqalis resident in the Town of Namulomulo.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 This description and its re cording of the gift is set out in annexure "MN4" of the affidavit of the Plaintiff, Maikeli Nagata sworn on the 30th of April 1990.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 It is on this document that the Plaintiffs base their case.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par \par The earlier part of the document containing the description of the boundaries of the land is signed by T. Keaney the Government Surveyor and then under his signature appears the following which is signed by D. Wilkinson, Commissioner of Native Lands in the presence of one John Lawford, Registrar of the Supreme Court : \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4673419 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 "The above land has been given by the NALAGI Mataqali of the Town of NAWAKA to the several Mataqalis resident in the Town of NAMULOMULO, for their use and occupation and are to be recorded as Owners-in-Common whilst they continue to reside thereon, but t he land is subject to reversion to the NALAGI Mataqali should such occupation at any time cease. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4673419 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Confirmed by the Special Provincial Council convened by the Governor to be held at NAVOCI Town, Buliship of NADI, on the 24th September 1896, and following days. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4673419 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Resolution No. 190, Evidence Book Volume No. 2, page 243. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4673419 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Registered 14th October 1896." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par The question I have to decide is whether annexure "MN4" which is actually Folio 133 of the Register of Native Lands gives the Plaintiffs a valid title to the lands which they claim and with it, the right to receive rent from the land.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 At the outset it must be stated that native land is owned not individually but as a group by a division or sub-division of the native Fijians such as Mataqali or Tokatoka.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 It is then described as "the customary right to occupy and use native land"}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 (See Section 3 Native Land Act, Cap. 133).}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 As Kermode J. said in }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Serupepeli Dakai & Others v. The Native Land Development Corporation & Others}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 (542/79): \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid4673419 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4673419 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 "Members can enjoy two rights usual ly associated with ownership namely the right to occupy and use the land but they cannot sell or charge the land." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par The Plaintiffs argue that Wilkinson's grant is clear in its terms and means that the legal ownership of the Namulomulo Town Land was vested in the villagers of Namulomulo in 1896; that the present Plaintiffs and their heirs of the former residents are therefore now the native owners of the land.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 As such, it is said they have the right to receive all rents and royalties which accrue from the land. \par \par In reply the First-named Defendant submits that the Plaintiffs have only a limited right of occupation of the land, the owner of which is really the Third-named Defendant.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Counsel likens the situation to that of the Reversion in English law and quotes from Halsbury's laws of England, Volume 23, paragraph 985, Third Edition where the author says: \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid4673419 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\tx0\tx720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4673419 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 "The interest in the property which remains in the landlord is called the reversion, and, as a rule, there is incident to it the right to receive from the tenant payment for the use of the property in the shape of rent." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid4673419 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 I cannot accept this submission.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Throughout the cases dealing with land rights in Fiji there is at least one common thread namely that one has to use great care in applying to the question of land tenure in Fiji the concepts and terminology of English land law.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Thus in the passage quoted by counsel from Halsbury it is clear that the author is referring to a relationship of Landlord and Tenant which in my view does not apply to the present case.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Wilkinson does not refer to it as such but rather describes the Plaintiffs as owners-in-common of the land, a term which to me implies more than the term "Landlord and Tenants".}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Unfortunately in none of the relevant legislation nor in the Deed of Gift its elf is the expression ownership-in-common defined and it may well have been a creation of Wilkinson himself.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 However in }{\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Halsbury's Laws of England 4th Edition Volume 35}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 at paragraph 1145 the author defines ownership in common as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4673419 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 "Ownership in common.}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Owners in common have a unity of possession, but a distinct and several title to their}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 shares, which need not necessarily be equal.}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 There is}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 no right of survivorship between owners in common.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Ownership in common arises (1) from the severance of a}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 joint ownership, or (2) }{\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 from a gift to two or more persons}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{\i\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 in common}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 ......"}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 (My emphasis.) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid4673419 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 There is no doubt in my mind on the evidence that the Third-named Defendant has the ultimate right of the ownership of the land concerned but to argue that this then d enies the Plaintiff the full rights and obligations going with land ownership seems to me to be another matter. \par \par The Second-named Defendant also argues that the Plaintiffs owe their present occupation of the land to Section 18 of the Native Land Act, Cap. 133 which reads as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4673419 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 "Power to allot land to dependant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid4673419 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4673419 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 (1)\tab Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act it shall be lawful for the Commission with the consent}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 of the Fijian owners to allot at its discretion to}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 any dependants either individually or collectively}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 a sufficient portion of land for their use and}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 occupation; \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4673419 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid4673419 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4673419 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Provided that any dependant to whom such portion of}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 land has been allotted and who thereafter ceases to}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 reside with the mataqali from whose lands the said}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 portion was allotted shall thereupon lose his interest}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 in the said portion.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4673419 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid4673419 \par }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Land to revert to Fijian owners on cesser of}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 occupation \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid4673419 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4673419 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 (2)\tab Whenever through any cause such portion of land ceases}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 to be used and occupied by the dependant or dependants to whom it was allotted it shall revert to the Fijian owners from whose lands the allotment was made. \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4673419 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par Where dependant an owner of land \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4673419 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 (3)\tab No allotment of land shall be made to any dependant}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 who may be found to be already an owner of land by}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 operation of any Fijian custom.}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 (Ordinance 8 of 1919,}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 s.2.)" \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid4673419 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Then "dependants" is defined in Section 2 of the Act as: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4673419 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 "dependants" means native Fijians who at the time of the}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 erection of the Fiji Islands into a British Colony had}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 become separated from the tribes of which they respectively}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 belonged by descent and had by native custom lost their rights in the tribal lands and were living in a state of dependence with other tribes, and includes their legitimate}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4673419 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 issue" \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid4673419 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 It is then said that if the Plaintiffs are considered to be "dependants" then they cannot claim to be the sole "native owners under the Native Lands Act because Section 18(2) also recognises the reversionary rights of the grantors of the lands.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Whilst I accept that Section 18(2) recognises such reversionary rights of the grantors I cannot agree with the first part of this submission.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 In my judgment there is no probative evidence before the Court that the giving of the Namulomulo Town Land by the Mataqali Nalagi to the Namulomulo villagers was an act of allotment as contemplated under Section 18. \par \par The parent substantial legislation relating to Native Lands was enacted as the Native Lands Ordinance 1880.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 That Ordinance did not contain a provision similar to the present Section 18 of the Native Lands Act, Cap. 133.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Neither did the Native Lands Ordinance 1892.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 The present Section 18 was first enacted by the Native Lands (Dependants) Amendment Ordinance, 1919, S.2. \par \par However there can be no doubt that the title to the land in question given by Mr. Wilkinson is still valid.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 In the Final Report by the Chairman of the Native Lands Commission to the Colonial Secretary dated 10th July, 1958, a copy of which is Annexure "MN5" to the Plaintiffs' affidavit, the Chairman confirms this.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 } {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 In paragraph 6 he says this: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16066 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 "I would point out that ownerships-in-common created by}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16066 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Mr. Wilkinson in the Province of Ba and Yasawa were of a complicated nature and the Maxwell Commission was unable}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16066 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 to sub-divide them into mataqali holdings.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Consequently}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16066 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 the Wilkinson decisions in such cases still stand.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Although}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16066 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 the blocks were surveyed by the present Commission's}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16066 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 surveyors, the latter did not rewrite the boundaries for}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16066 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 re-registration.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 They merely gave Lot numbers and areas to}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16066 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 the various blocks.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 It will be seen in Table No. 4 herein}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16066 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 that the new areas differ widely from the old ones." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par It is very clear to me that the titles given to the Plaintiffs by Wilkinson date back to about 1896.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Likewise it seems to me that the Namulomulo Town Land was granted by the Nalagi Mataqali to the ancestors of the present Plaintiffs.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 I shall return to this question later after I have discussed the submissions of the Second and Third-named Defendants. \par \par The Second-named Defendant makes two submissions: \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16066 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 (A)\tab The jurisdiction to d}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16066 etermine ownership of native }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 land rests with the Native Lands Commission. \par \par (B)\tab Ownership of Namulomulo Town Land}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16066 rests in law and }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 custom in the Mataqali Nalagi. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par I accept the first submission subject only to the supervisory jurisdiction of this Court over the Native Lands Commission as an inferior tribunal.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 However I observe that the}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16066 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Native Lands Commission in October 1989 recognised the rights of the Plaintiffs to the land when it said:}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid8670903 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16066 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 "The record of ownership as recorded by David Wilkinson is as nearest as possible to recording this custom of giving land to strangers and landless in return for}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid16066 allegiance and service.} {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8670903 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 In the description of this land, it is recorded that this}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8670903 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 land was given to the Yavusa Saumata or the Mataqalis}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8670903 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 residing at Namulomulo for your occupation and use until such time as you no longer reside at Namulomulo.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 In Fijian}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8670903 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 custom, this means that so long as you continue to recognise}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8670903 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 and serve the Tui Nawaka and carry out your responsibilities}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8670903 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 as done by your ancestors, then you will be allowed to}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8670903 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 continue to occupy and use this land." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par I note that no where in its decision did the Commission attempt to limit the nature of the use of the land by the Plaintiffs nor, it may be added, did Mr. Wilkinson although it would have been simple for him to have done so had he wished.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Reviewing the evidence before me I consider that there can be no doubt that the reversionary ownership of the land remains clearly in the Nalagi Mataqali, according to Wilkinson's Deed but in my judgment the real question for this Court is the result in law of the giving of the land by W ilkinson, and particularly whether that entitles the Plaintiffs to receive rent from the land.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 In my view it does. \par \par The Second-named Defendant submits that Folio 133 recognises three things, namely: \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8670903 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 (a)\tab That all is given to the Namulomulo villagers is the}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8670903 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 right to use and occupy. \par \par (b)\tab That they are in fact living in a state of dependence of the Mataqali Nalagi. \par \par (c)\tab Ultimate ownership rests with the Mataqali Nalagi. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par This submission appears to minimise the effects of the Wilkinson grant in that it says that }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 all}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 that is given to the Plaintiffs is the right to use and occupy and that they are living in a state of dependence with Mataqali Nalagi.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 In my view the grant by Wilkinson is the grant of the full rights of ownership of the land subject only to the ultimate rights of the third-named Defendant to resume ownership if and when the occupation of the Plaintiffs ceased.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 The fact is that since even before 1896 the Plaintiffs have resided on and used the land and for some considerable time past have been receiving rents and royalties for the use of such land.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 It may be that this has been with the consent of the people of Nalagi but in my judgment this does not detract from the unlimited nature of the grant made by Wilkinson. \par \par It has been said of Wilkinson: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6632426 {\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 "He was an enthusiastic penman whose fluency of expression}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 was unimpeded by considerations of spelling, grammar or}{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 syntax.}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 In his anxiety to leave no doubt as to the finer}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 nuances of his opinions on a subject, he is led into}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 qualifications and inconsistencies of expression which leave}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 the true nature of those opinions forever hidden."}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 (See}{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 }{\i\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Peter France, op. cit., pp.139-140.) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par In my opinion whilst that comment may be true of other writings of David Wilkinson it can not be said of the terms of his grant in Annexure "MN4".}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 As I have said earlier if it had been Mr. Wilkinson's intention to in any way limit the title he was conferring on the Plaintiffs he could easily have said so.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 He did not in this case and I can find no qualifications and inconsistencies of express ion which conceal his intentions as evidenced in the words he used in making the grant. \par \par I therefore reject the submission of the Second-named Defendant in so far as it asserts that the Plaintiffs' occupation of the land carries with it only limited rights to the use of that land.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 It is interesting to remark that according to Section 3 of the Native Lands Act, native land "may be cultivated, allotted and dealt with by native Fijians as amongst themselves according to}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 their customs and subject to any regulations made by the Fijian Affairs Board .................." \par \par In my judgment the use of the expression "dealt with" supports the view I have expressed above in that nowhere can I find any evidence that the Plaintiffs are to be restricted in the way they deal with the land they are occupying.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 One of the meanings given by the Oxford Dictionary to the term "deal with" in relation to a person's affairs is to manage or attend to a matter.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 In my opinion because their rights of managing the land are not restricted an d, for example, not subject to any payment of rent to the Third-named Defendant, the Plaintiffs must be considered entitled in law to the rents and profits of the land they have occupied now for a long time, and title to which they have enjoyed for over 9 5 years. \par \par I come now to the submissions of the Third-named Defendant, much of which I have covered in my comments on the submissions of the First and Second-named Defendants. \par \par At page 12 of the Third-named Defendant's submission again an attempt is made to reduce the status of the occupation of the land by the Plaintiffs.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 It is said that the title they received from Wilkinson gave them only "given" and temporary" rights.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 For reasons which I have endeavoured to state earlier I cannot accept this limitation of the rights I believe the Plaintiffs have been given.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 The submission obviously claims that the Plaintiffs' rights are something less in law than the rights of full ownership of the land but again I cannot accept this.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 In my judgment as long as the Plaintif fs remain on the land and use and occupy it they have the right of full ownership of the land together with the corresponding duty not to waste it but to maintain it in a usable state and at the end of their occupancy to return it intact to the Third-name d Defendant and his successors.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 For this reason I do not agree with the claims by the Third-named}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Defendant that the Plaintiffs can}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 be displaced from the land.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 I consider rather that they are entitled to enjoy peaceful and undisturbed occupation as owners f or the time being until such time as they leave the land or there are no longer any survivors of them remaining.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 In the latter event it would seem that the land would revert to the Third-named Defendant or his successors and that if their occupation ceased in the circumstances contemplated by Section 19 of the Native Lands Trust Act, Cap. 134,}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 the land shall fall to the State as "ultimus haeres". \par \par At present there is no evidence that the Plaintiffs have ceased to occupy the land or that they will in the foreseeable future. \par \par At page 17 of his submission the Third-named Defendant appears to argue that the Plaintiffs are not to be considered owners but are lessees or licensees of the land and that accordingly they are no longer in "occupation and use" of it.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 It then follows, says the Third-named Defendant, that the Third-named Defendant and Mataqali Nalagi are the rightful benefic}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15822803 i}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 aries of proceeds of rent, royalties, compensation, premium and other moneys under Section 14 of the Native Lands Trust Act, Cap. 134 and Regulation 11 of the Native Lands Trust (Leases and Licences) Regulation 1984. \par \par It seems to me that this submission begs the question in that it wrongly assumes the existence of a lease or licence from the Third-named Defendant.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 As I have stated earli er, in my judgment the Plaintiffs' occupation of the land is due to the grant by the Mataqali Nalagi referred to by Wilkinson in Folio 133 which describes them not as lessees or licensees but owners-in-common a term which in my view connotes more than tha t of "lessee" or "licensee".}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 I therefore hold that the Plaintiffs are the rightful beneficiaries of the rents and profits arising from their use and occupation of the land until they cease to occupy and use it or}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 they enter into a legally enforceable agreement with the Third-named Defendant to share any such rents and royalties with the Defendant or his successors.}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 I consider that there is a clear presumption that Wilkinson intended the Plaintiffs to have quiet enjoyment and the full rights of a legal owner of the land for as long as they occupy it. \par \par This leaves the form of declarations and orders that I should make in the case.}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 In my view these should be as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6632426 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 (i)\tab }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 That the legal ownership of the Namulomulo Town}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Land vests fully and exclusively in the several}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Mataqalis of the Na}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 mulomulo Village as "owners-}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 in-common" for as long as they and their heirs,}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 successors and assigns of the Mataqalis of the}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Namulomulo village use and occupy the land. \par \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 (ii)\tab }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 That the legal ownership of the Namulomulo Town}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Land vests fully and exclusively in the}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Namulomulo Villager}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 s as "owners-in-common" for }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 as long as they and }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 their heirs, successors and }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 assigns to the }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 Mataqalis of the Namulomulo }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 village continue to use and occupy the land. \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-2\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid6632426 \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 (iii)\tab That the proper }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 and lawful payee of all the }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 rent in respect of }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 the Namulomulo Town Land is }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 the Namulomulo }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 Villagers as members of the }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 several Mataqalis }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 within the village who are }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 to be considered 'owners-in-common" of the land}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 as long as they continue to occupy and use it. \par \par }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 (iv)\tab }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 I direct that Mandamus issue to compel the}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Native Lands Commis}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 sion to recognise and abide }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 by its own decisi}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 on vesting the ownership of }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 the Namulomu}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 lo Town Land in the several }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Mataqalis of the Na}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 mulomulo Village as "owners-}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 in-common" and }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 to compel the Commission to }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 direct the Native L}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 ands Trust Board to pay all }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 rent due from the }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 Namulomulo Town Land or any }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 part thereof }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 to the Namulomulo Villagers }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 exclusively and that the Native Lands}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1993383 }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Trust Board }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 shall consult only with the }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 Namulomulo }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 Villagers in respect of land }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 dealings relating }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 to the Namulomulo Town Land }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 as long as}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6632426 they remain in the use and }{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 occupation of such land. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11604496 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 (v)\tab That the Defendan}{ \f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11604496 ts pay the Plaintiffs their }{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 costs of these proceedings. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5781629 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par There will be orders accordingly. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11604496 {\b\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 (John E. Byrne) \par }{\b\f0\ul\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 J U D G E}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-720\hyphpar0\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11604496 {\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11604496 HBC0173J.90S}{\f0\expnd0\expndtw-3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid404013\charrsid5781629 \par }}