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\f36\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp5129 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par At Suva
\par Civil Jurisdiction
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par WINDING-UP CAUSE NO. 75 OF 1990
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 IN THE MATTER OF IHJ ADVERTISING (FIJI) LIMITED
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par and
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 IN THE MATTER OF THE COMPANIES
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 ACT 1983 (CAP. 216)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par Mr. V. Parmanandam for the Petitioner}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par Mr. J. Singh for the Company}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx3969\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 This is an application by the petitioner a former employee of }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 IHJ Advertising (Fiji) Ltd.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 (hereafter referred to as }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 '}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 the company')}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
 for an order winding-up the company on the principal ground that the company is unable to pay its debts.
\par 
\par The following is a brief chronological account of the case thus far so far as can be gathered from the papers placed before the court and from counsel's submissions}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par 
\par {\*\bkmkstart QuickMark}{\*\bkmkend QuickMark}In early 1988 the company was incorporated with the petitioner appointed as its first managing director for a term of 3 years.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Then in December 1989 a "successor" was appointed to manage the company.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Thereafter there appears to have been an exchange of letters between solicitors acting for both parties culminating in an }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 '}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 unprosecuted' demand not
ice dated the 2nd of April, 1990 and a letter from the company's solicitors claiming that there is a }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8795698 "}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
... genuine dispute between the parties"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 .
\par 
\par This was followed by a second replacement notice dated the 20th of June, 1990 in which the petitioner demanded payment from the company of a sum of $47,739.55 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8795698 "}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 .... being the amount due and owing by you in respect of services rendered to you ...}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 "}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 The company responded to this later notice by issuing on the 10th of July 1990 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 (i.e. 20 days later)}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  out of the High Court an originating motion seeking a declaration that the petitioner's demand was }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
"invalid and improperly issued"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  and an }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 ex-parte}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  summons for an injunction restraining the petitioner from advertising }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 (not presenting)}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  any petition to wind up the company.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Bot
h applications were supported by a single affidav}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8795698 i}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
t sworn by the company's then general manager in which he deposed that the company was not indebted to the petitioner as claimed in the demand notice.
\par 
\par An interim injunction was granted by }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Byrne J.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  on the 10th of July 1990 and this was extended by }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Palmer J.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  on the 24th of August 1990.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 A week later on the 31st of August the petitioner's counsel moved }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 inter partes}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  to discharge the injunction on the ground that the company had neglected to pay the amount demanded in the petitioner's notice and had not registered any protest }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 (presumably with the petitioner)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  in respect of the monies claimed within the 21 days given in the notice.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 The company in its affidavit opposing the motion again deposed through its general ma
nager that the debt was genuinely disputed; that it was able to and had paid all debts that it considered was rightly owed and due; and that its good reputation and standing in the industry would be seriously damaged by allowing the petition to be }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9969309 advertised.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par 
\par On the 12th of October 1990 the petitioner's motion to discharge was heard by }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Jayaratne J.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
 and in a ruling delivered on the 17th of December, 1990 the company's injunction was discharged.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
I have had the benefit of perusing the ruling and am satisfied that it was properly and strictly confined to the issue then before my learned brother, namely, whether or not the petition for winding-up could be stopped and }{
\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 not}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  whether the winding-up order itself should be made.
\par 
\par There being no further procedural obstacles to the petitioner, on the 20th of December 1990 counsel for the petitioner presented a }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Petition}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 to Wind-up}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
 the company at the High Court registry and this was duly issued and served on the company on the same date.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
It was also publicly advertised in the }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Fiji Times}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  and the }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Fiji Republic Gazette}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  on the 21st of December, 1990 and 11th of January 1991, respectively.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
The petition was verified by the affidavit of the petitioner sworn on the 19th of December, 1990 and filed on the 28th.
\par 
\par In entering opposition to the }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Petition}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
 in the affidavit of its general manager dated the 14th of January 1991, the company annexed a }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 "Heads of Agreement"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
 document which purports to be an employment contract between the petitioner and the company and in which the following clauses dealing with the petitioner's remuneration appears}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9969309 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 "}{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 2. SALARY}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  shall be F$48,000 per year and subject to review annually.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9969309 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par }{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 3. THE MANAGING DIRECTOR}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
 may form his salary "package" totalling F48,000 provided that the total liability to the Company does not exceed its normal tax liability under Clause 2 hereof.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 "}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par The general manager deposed to the company's understanding of the clauses and avers that the company's records revealed that the petitioner in fact over-paid himself by a sum of $17,698.03.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 There has been no response to this most recent affidavit of the company from the petitioner although the }{
\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Companies Rules}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  clearly permits one.
\par 
\par In his submissions at the hearing of the }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Petition}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  learned counsel for the petitioner relied on }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 paragraph (a)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  of }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Section 221}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  of the Companies Act 1983 }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 (hereinafter referred to as "the Act")}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  as providing the sole basis for the assertion in the petition that the company is }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 '}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 unable to pay its debts'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 .
\par 
\par Counsel submits the relevant demand under the petitioner's hand is dated the }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 20th of June 1990}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
 and was served on the same date at the registered office of the company.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
Thereafter the statutory period of 3 weeks expired and in the absence of any protest or payment by the company, counsel submits the statutory presumption arises and the company is }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
deemed}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  unable to pay its debts and ought to be wound up by the court in the absence of clear proof of its solvency.
\par 
\par Learned counsel for the company on the other hand asserts that the company has consistently denied any indebtedness to the petitioner in its written correspondence in the matter and in its affidavits filed in }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 C.A. No: 237 of 1990}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
 in which it successfully sought and obtained on the 10th of July 1990 an interim injunction preventing the advertisement of the petition and although the injunction was subsequently dissolved in a ruling delivered by }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Jayaratne J.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  on the 17th of December 1990, nevertheless counsel submits the ruling itself recognised that }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8795698 "}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 ........ the amount, alleged to be still outstanding as a debt to the Defendant}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  (i.e. the petitioner) }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 is denied by the Plaintiff"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9969309 
 (i.e. the company)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 .}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid9969309 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par Furthermore counsel for the company submits the debt being a contested or disputed one the petitioner has failed to satisfy a condition precedent to the issuance of the statutory demand notice, namely, that he was a }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 "creditor"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  of the company at the time.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 In the circumstances counsel submits the petitioner lacks the necessary }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 locus standi}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  to bring this petition which in the event is an abuse of process.
\par 
\par Clearly resolution of these contrary submissions requires a closer examination of the provisions of paragraph (a) of Section 221 of the Act.
\par 
\par }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Section 221(a)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  is in the following terms}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9969309 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 "221.\tab A company shall be deemed to be unable to pay its debts - 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9969309 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9969309 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 (a)\tab if a creditor, by assignment or ot
herwise, to whom the company is indebted in a sum exceeding one hundred dollars then due has served on the company, by leaving it at the registered office of the Company, a demand under his hand requiring the Company to pay the sum due and the Company has
 for three weeks thereafter neglected to pay the sum or to secure or compound for it to the reasonable satisfaction of the creditor;"
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par To begin with it must be noted that }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Section 221}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  is drafted as a }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 "deeming"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  provision.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Of such a provision Lord Radcliffe said in }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 St. Aubyn v. A-G}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  (1952) A.C. 15 at }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 p. 53}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9969309 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9969309 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9969309 "}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 The word }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 deemed' is used a great deal in modern legislation.}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
Sometimes it is used to impose for the purposes of a statute an artificial construction of a word or phrase that would not otherwise prevail.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Sometimes it is used to put beyond doubt a particular construction that might otherwise be uncertain.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Sometimes it is used to give a comprehensive description that includes what is obvious, what is uncertain and what is, in the ordinary sense, impossible."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par For my part having carefully considered the terms of }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 paragraph (a)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
 and mindful of the disjunctive co-existence of paragraphs (b) and (c) in Section 221 I am driven to the conclusion that }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 paragraph (a)}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  is an illustration of the first sense of the use of the
 word "deemed" identified in the above passage in so far as it imposes for the purposes of Section 220(e) of the Act an artificial construction of the phrase }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 "unable to pay its debts"}
{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  that would not otherwise prevail.
\par 
\par It is patently clear to this court that the mere failure to pay a demand does not inexorably lead one to the inevitable conclusion that the company which so failed to pay the demand is therefore }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 "unable to pay its debts"}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 , }{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 a}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  }{\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 fortiori}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
 where the very existence of the debt is }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 bona fide}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  disputed on substantial grounds.
\par 
\par Be that as it may the first }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 '}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 element' in the paragraph which falls to be examined begins}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 "(a)\tab 
If a creditor, by assignment or otherwise, to whom the company is indebted in a sum exceeding one hundred dollars then due has served on the company ........ a demand under his hand requiring the company to pay the sum due ......."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par In my view a }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 '}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 creditor' within the contemplation of the paragraph must be a person to whom the company }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 is (presently) indebted'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
 in respect of a liquidated sum which exceeds the statutory minimum amount }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 and}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  the debt is }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 then due'}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
 at the time when demand for payment was made on the company.
\par 
\par It is equally clear that where there is a serious and fundamental dispute on substantial ground as to the very }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 '}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
indebtedness' of the company or over whether or not the debt is due then the continued hearing of the petition will largely depend on the nature and extent of the dispute and the evidence that might be required to be adduced in the matter.
\par 
\par Not withstanding that there is a well-settled rule of practice that a winding-up petition is both an inconvenient and unsuitable procedure in which to try the issue of a disputed debt except in the simplest of cases.
\par 
\par This was recognised as long ago as }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 1864}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  when }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Turner L.J.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  said in }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
In re Catholic Publishing and Book Selling Co}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 . 139 RR 54 at }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 p. 57}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
"I think that applications of this kind by creditors whose debts are bona fide disputed are not to be encouraged. I do not say that the legislature has not given the Court power to decid
e upon a winding-up petition the question whether a debt which the Company disputes is owing or not, but I think that such an application is a most inconvenient mode of trying that question and where there is a bona fide dispute as to the existence of the
 debt, and the case turns upon the question whether there is a debt, I think the Court would do well to adjourn the petition until the existence of the debt is established."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par More recently in an oft-cited passage in his judgment in }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Mann v. Goldstein}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  (1968) 1 WLR 1091 }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Ungoed-Thomas J.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  said of the Court's jurisdiction to make an order winding up a company, at }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 p. 1098}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 "For my part, I would prefer to rest the jurisdiction directly }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454 on the comparatively simple pro}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 positions that a creditor's petition can only be
 presented by a creditor, that the winding-up jurisdiction is not for the purpose of deciding a disputed debt (that is disputed on substantial and not insubstantial grounds), since, until a creditor is established as a creditor he is not entitled to prese
nt the petition and has no locus standi in the Companies Court;}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
and that, therefore, to involve the winding-up jurisdiction when the debt is disputed (that is, on substantial grounds) or after it has become clear that it is so disputed is an abuse of the process of the court."}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par In similar vein }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Buckley L.J.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  in }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
Stonegate Securities v. Gregory}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  (1980) 1 Ch.D. (CA) 576 said at }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 p. 579}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454 "}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
If the creditor petitions in respect of a debt which he claims to be presently due, and that claim is undisputed, the petition 
proceeds to hearing and adjudication in the normal way; but if the company in good faith and on substantial grounds disputes any liability in respect of the alleged debt, the petition will be dismissed ....}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 That is because a winding up petition is not a le
gitimate means of seeking to enforce payment of a debt which is bona fide disputed."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par The remaining }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 '}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 limb' in paragraph (a) which requires consideration is in the following terms}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 ".... the Company has for three weeks thereafter neglected to pay the sum 
or to secure or compound for it to the reasonable satisfaction of the creditor."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par These words were considered by }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Sir G. Jessel MR}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  in }{
\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 In re London and Paris Banking Corporation}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  (1874) 19 LR}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Eq. 444 where in dismissing a petition for the winding-up of the co
mpany the learned judge said of an identically-worded provision, at }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 p. 446}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 :}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 "It is very obvious, on reading that enactment, that the word }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 neglected' is not necessarily equivalent to the word }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 omitted'.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Negligence is a term which is well known to the law.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Negligence in paying a debt on demand, as I understand it, is omitting to pay without reasonable excuse.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Mere omission by itself does not amount to negligence.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Therefore I should hold, upon the words of the statute, that where a debt is bona fide dispute
d by the debtor, ..... then in that case he has not neglected to pay, and is not within the wording of the statute."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par In similar vein and more recently }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Megarry J.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  in }{
\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Re Lympne Investments Ltd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 .}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 (1972) 2 All E.R. 385 in dismissing the winding-up petition before him in that case, said at }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 p. 389}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
"In the context of a notice requiring a person to do some act, I do not see how it can be said that the person }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
neglects' to do that act if the reason for not doing it is a genuine and strenuous contention based on substantial grounds, that the person is not liable to do the act at all.}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 If there is liability, a failure to discharge that liability may well be }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 '}{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 neglect' whether it is due to inadvertence or obstinacy or dilatoriness; but a challenge to liability is a challenge to the foundation on which any contention of }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 neglect' in relation to the obligation must rest."
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 From the foregoing it is plain that a court faced with a contested winding-up petition must ask itself the question}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 :
}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid8795698 "}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Does the company in good faith and
 on substa}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8795698 ntial grounds dispute liability}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 ?"
\par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par In this regard it is important to bear in mind in this case that it is the very existence }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 (not the quantum)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
 of the debt that is being disputed and equally that a bare denial of indebtedness is not sufficient to defeat the statutory presumption raised by compliance with Section 221(a) of the Companies Act.
\par 
\par At the outset I must say that the affidavits filed in the action do not disclose the entirety of the matters in dispute between the parties.
\par 
\par For instance, the petitioner's }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 '}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 successor' was appointed and took office almost a year }{
\i\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 before}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  the petitioner's contract of employment was due to expire.}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
Why this was necessary is nowhere disclosed in any of the papers but if the company's solicitor's letter of 20th April 1990 is anything to go by then the petitioner's pre-mature termination occurred without notice and in less than amicable circumstances.

\par 
\par Furthermore the petitioner's }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 '}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Without Prejudice'}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  particularised claim which was annexed to his Section 221(a) demand not
ice whilst indicating an annual salary figure of $48,000 nevertheless represents that the petitioner has received only }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 $78,679.72}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  which is almost }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 $26,000}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
 short of his salary entitlement.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Clearly on this score alone there will need to be the taking of an ac
count between the parties.
\par 
\par All of this is underscored by the clear difference in interpretation as to the meaning and effect of the remuneration clauses in the }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 "Heads of Agreement"}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  executed between the parties which in turn may not be a complete document in itself.
\par 
\par I am satisfied from the affidavits before me that there exists a genuine dispute between the parties as to the existence of the debt on which the petitioner founded his demand notice.
\par 
\par Additionally I am satisfied that the paucity of evidence before the court and the extent and nature of the dispute between the parties is such that it could not be satisfactorily resolved in the present proceedings.
\par 
\par As was said by }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Megarry J.}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  in }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Re}{
\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454  }{\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 Lympne Investments Ltd}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 . }{
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 (op.cit)}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454  at }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 p. 388}{
\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454\charrsid10694454 :}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx-1440\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 "A real dispute, turn
ing to a substantial extent on disputed questions of fact which require viva voce evidence, and involving charges of fraud or near fraud, cannot properly be decided on petition."}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par Accordingly this petition must fail and is dismissed with costs to the company to be taxed if not agreed.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx3969\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 (D.V. Fatiaki)
\par }{\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 At Suva,
\par 12th June, 1991.
\par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10694454 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid10694454 HBE0075J.90S}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1393847\charrsid10694454 
\par }}