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{\f49\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f50\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f51\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f53\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}
{\f54\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\f56\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f57\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f58\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}
{\f59\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f60\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f61\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f53\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}
{\f54\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\f56\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f57\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f58\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}
{\f59\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f60\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f61\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f415\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Western;}
{\f413\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS CE;}{\f414\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}{\f416\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f417\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Tur;}
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{\f421\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}{\f422\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}{\f433\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f434\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\f436\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f437\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f438\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew);}{\f439\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic);}
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{\fhimajor\f31533\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri Light (Hebrew);}{\fhimajor\f31534\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri Light (Arabic);}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Light Baltic;}
{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri Light (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31573\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew);}
{\fhiminor\f31574\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic);}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}
{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;
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\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15627545 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid7016563 {\*\bkmkstart _Hlk112409949}{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk112665504}IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE COOK ISLANDS
\par HELD AT RAROTONGA
\par (LAND DIVISION)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12849232 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4812164\charrsid7016563 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid7016563 APPLICATION NO:  486}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4812164 /}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid7016563 20}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6688929 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid7016563 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid5513485 UNDER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid7016563 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15627545 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid7016563 Section 409(c) of the Cook Islands Act 1915
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6436116\charrsid7016563 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid5513485 IN THE MATTER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid7016563 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15627545 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid5513485 PUNAMAIA S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5513485\charrsid5513485 ECTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid5513485  190E2B3C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6688929\charrsid5513485 , AVARUA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid7016563 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4812164 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid5513485 BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid7016563 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16385802 \tab \tab \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15627545 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid5513485 GRAHAM SIMPSON}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16385802 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid5513485 Applicant
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6436116\charrsid7016563 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri-2\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-2\lin0\itap0\pararsid15627545 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid5513485 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid7016563 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16385802 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15627545 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6436116\charrsid5513485 WILKIE RASMUSSEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16385802 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6436116\charrsid5513485 Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15627545 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12849232 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4812164\charrsid7016563 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15627545 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12849232\charrsid7016563 Hearing date:\tab 4 July 2022\line 
\par Appearances:\tab Mr Moore for Applicant
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7016563 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12849232\charrsid7016563 Decision:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325779\charrsid14107866 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14107866\charrsid14107866 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325779\charrsid14107866  May }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12849232\charrsid14107866 202}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325779\charrsid14107866 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12849232\charrsid7016563 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \fi-1560\li57\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin57\itap0\pararsid5858838 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5858838 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12849232 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12849232\charrsid12849232 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\qc \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4814862 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7016563 JUDGMENT OF JUSTICE C T }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12849232 COXHEAD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7016563 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s32\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4814862 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12849232\charrsid1054541 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4814862 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3571334 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7016563\charrsid7016563 ntroduction
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15103219 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3571334 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15103219 
The current application for damages has arisen as a result of a number of other applications between Graham Simpson (the Applicant) and Mr Rasmussen (the Respondent).  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15103219 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}Since 2018 there have been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033947 several }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15103219 applications involving these parties and this land block.  There is a tumultuous legal history between the Applicant and Respondent which has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1783924 clearly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15103219 contributed to the nature of the damages being sought.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15103219 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}Here, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12726886 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9712280 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12726886 pplicant seeks order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9712280 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12726886  for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 damage}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12726886 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12726886 against the Respondent in respect of the holding over of a lease }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4999565 on }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12726886 Punamaia Section 190E2B3C (the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11864755 land block}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12726886 
). The Applicant seeks an award of general, special and exemplary damages.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid348558 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid348558\charrsid1783924 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1180668 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid348558\charrsid1783924 It must be presumed that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4220282\charrsid1783924 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid348558\charrsid1783924 pplicant brings this claim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10882323\charrsid1783924 on his behalf as a potential owner and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid348558\charrsid1783924 on behalf o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9712280\charrsid1783924 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid348558\charrsid1783924  all owners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2303729\charrsid1783924 ,
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid348558\charrsid1783924  as he is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785367\charrsid1783924 not currently an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid348558\charrsid1783924 owner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11798952\charrsid1783924 who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid348558\charrsid1783924 appear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785367\charrsid1783924 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid348558\charrsid1783924 
 on the title for this land block.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3277920\charrsid1783924   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785367\charrsid1783924 While currently not an owner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8066456\charrsid1783924 ,}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785367\charrsid1783924  Mr Simpson has a recommendation before the King\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1783924\charrsid1783924 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785367\charrsid1783924 
epresentative to have him included as an owner based on a recommendation I made to the Chief Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11798952\charrsid1783924 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785367\charrsid1783924  and the Chief Justice}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid876514\charrsid1783924 \rquote s subsequent decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785367\charrsid1783924 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid4785367\charrsid1783924 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid7548368 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f0\super\insrsid4785367\charrsid4785367 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4785367\charrsid4785367  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11087504\charrsid11087504 Simpson v Parson \endash 
 Punamaia Section 190E2B3C Avarua,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11087504\charrsid11087504  CKLD, App. 390A 2/2018 \'93Oral Decision of Justice CT Coxhead\'94 (11 July 2019);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid11087504\charrsid11087504  Simpson v Parson \endash  Punamaia Section 190E2B3C Avarua }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11087504\charrsid11087504 (Judgment No. 1) CKLD, App. 2/2018 (9 August 2019); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid339772\charrsid11087504 Simpson v Parson \endash  Punamaia Section 190E2B3C Avarua,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4008551\charrsid11087504  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid339772\charrsid11087504 CKLD, App. 2/2018, \'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid876514\charrsid7548368 Report to the Chief Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid339772\charrsid7548368 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid876514\charrsid7548368  (31 May 2022)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11087504\charrsid11087504 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5003247\charrsid11087504 Simpson v Parson \endash  Punamaia Section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid339772\charrsid11087504 190E2B3C}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5003247\charrsid11087504  Avarua }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5003247\charrsid11087504 (Judgment No. 2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11087504 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid5003247\charrsid11087504  provisional) CKLD, App. 2/2018 (7 November 2022)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11087504\charrsid11087504 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid4008551\charrsid11087504 Simpson v Parson \endash 
 Punamaia Section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid339772\charrsid11087504 190E2B3C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid4008551\charrsid11087504  Avarua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid339772\charrsid11087504 
, CKLD, App. 390A 2/2028}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid4008551\charrsid11087504  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4008551\charrsid11087504 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid876514\charrsid11087504 
Memorandum of the Chief Justice seeking consent of the King's Representative under s 390A(8) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4008551\charrsid11087504 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid876514\charrsid11087504 f }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4008551\charrsid11087504 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid876514\charrsid11087504 he Cook Islands Act 1915}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4008551\charrsid11087504 \'94 (8 November 2022).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4008551  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1180668\charrsid1783924   T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880952\charrsid1783924 
his application falls in the unusual situation where the Court must consider the title and ownership as it currently is \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2303729\charrsid1783924  although the Court has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6688929\charrsid1783924  recommended changes to the title which will result in changes in the ownership list, if it is accepted by the King\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1783924\charrsid1783924 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6688929\charrsid1783924 epresentative.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8544970\charrsid1783924  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880952\charrsid1783924  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785367\charrsid1783924 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3277920 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3571334 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3277920 I have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880952 therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3277920 proceeded on the basis that this claim is for all the owners of Punamaia Section 190E2B3C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10882323 , which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1783924 does not include }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6098954 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4220282 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6098954 pplicant, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10882323 Mr Simpson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1783924 
, either at the time the Respondent occupied the land or currently. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880952   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid348558 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid10174903 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10174903 Despite notice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4812164 of the hearing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10174903 being given, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12726886 he Respondent did not appear at the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12726886 hearing on 4 July 2022.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10174903   
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4814862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5996391\charrsid10174903 Background
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5179790 Punamaia Section 190E2B3C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5179790\charrsid5179790 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid1206393\charrsid3277920 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3571334 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1206393\charrsid3277920 Punamaia Section 190E2B3C is 1009m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\super\insrsid1206393\charrsid3277920 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1206393\charrsid3277920 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9712280   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1206393 In 1977 there were eight original owners of the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9712280 block}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1206393 , and as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1206393\charrsid6688929 of 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10882323\charrsid6688929 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1206393\charrsid6688929  there are 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6688929\charrsid6688929 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1206393\charrsid6688929  owners of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11798952 
land block}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1206393 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid10174903 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10174903 In 1968 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10028722 a 40-year lease }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9712280 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10174903 granted to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028722 James Woonton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10174903 
.  He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028722 assigned it to the Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10882323 , Mr Rasmussen,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028722  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11798952 
on 24 November }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10174903 2004, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028722 with four years left }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10174903 to run on the lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9712280 .  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10174903 The lease }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028722 expir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10174903 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028722  on 31 October 2008.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid10028722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}The Respondent attempted to renew }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10174903 the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028722 lease over the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11864755 land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10757555 in the years following}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7568108  its expiry}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028722  but failed to identify and locate the current owners of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11864755 land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028722 to obtain consent. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid348558 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid10028722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028722 The Respondent and his family moved off the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11864755 land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028722 in 2007 but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5179790 continued to use the property and dwelling for storage, as well as maintain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7568108 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5179790  and renovat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7568108 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5179790  the property and dwelling.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10028722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5179790 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5179790 
On 18 January 2018 the Respondent entered into a lease agreement with Werner MecKlenberg, a German national. The agreement was that MecKlenberg could live on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11864755 land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5179790 , renovating the house in lieu of rent. This was short-lived, as the Respondent terminated the lease on 25 April 2018, and sought }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7568108 Mr MecKlenberg\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5179790 deportation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15936267  from the Cook Islands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10757555 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5179790 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid10495555 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10495555 In May 2018, a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5179790 midst the Respondent\rquote s arrangement with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7568108 Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5179790 
MecKlenberg, the Applicant sought vacancy of the dwelling. The Applicant sought injunctive relief against the Respondent, which was granted on 17 July 2018. The Applicant re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7568108 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5179790 entered and occupied the property to ensure the Respondent\rquote s vacancy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10495555  in 2018.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5179790 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4814862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9514360 Application History}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid9514360\charrsid9514360 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3033947 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3571334 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033947 As noted above}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3112104 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3033947  s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4999565 ince 2019 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9712280 there have been a number of applications involving these parties and this land block}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033947  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9712280 which has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033947 lead }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4999565 
to the nature of the damages being sought. A brief summary of these different interactions are set out in the succeeding paragraphs.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3940492 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3940492 
On 11 July 2019 the Applicant was seeking to correct the title of the land block pursuant to s 390A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10882323  application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3940492 
.  The Respondent appeared as opposing counsel for Ms Iva Parsons (his aunt) against the Applicant. The Respondent argued that the land was intended to be partitioned in 1977 and the Court should confirm the 1977 orders. I was the Judge in this }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10882323 390A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3940492 
matter and made a recommendation to the Chief Justice that orders should be made correcting the title of ownership to include the Applicant.  The Chief Justice agreed with my recommendation and sought draft orders fr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4785367 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3940492 m the
 parties.  When the parties were not able to agree on draft orders the Chief Justice directed the matter back to me for a further report as to what orders he should grant.  I heard from the parties and provided a decision to the Chief Justice on 31 May 20
22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10889597 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3940492  recommending orders should be granted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid4785367 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid7548368 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\f0\super\insrsid4785367\charrsid7548368 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4785367\charrsid7548368  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11952827\charrsid7548368 Simpson v Parson -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid3474425\charrsid7548368  Punamaia Section 190E2B3C Avarua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8066456 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6507723  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8066456 CKLD, App. 2/2018 (31 May 2022). 
}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3940492 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5838425 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5838425 On 17 July 2018 I issued a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3277920 permanent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5838425\charrsid3277920 injunction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3277920\charrsid3277920  against Mr Rasmussen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3277920 
, prohibiting him from going onto the land block.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4812164 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid14371672 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14371672 
On 19 July 2019 the Respondent applied for recall of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7568108 the 17 July 2018 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14371672 injunctive orders}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16390618 
 so he could access the chattels on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10882323 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16390618 property. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7568108 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14371672  dismissed }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16390618 the application the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14371672  same day. The Respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7568108 stated that there was an urgent need to enter the land to collect}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14371672  his chattels}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7568108 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10757555  so}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14371672  Mr Moore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9771659 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14371672  as agent for the Applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9771659 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14371672 
 emailed the Respondent offering to arrange a time for the Respondent to visit the property, but did not receive a reply save for the Respondent saying}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6045009 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14371672  \'93
I will email in two days\'94.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid14371672 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}On 29 August 2019 Mr Moore submitted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10882323 an }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14371672 application }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10882323 for damages }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14371672 to the Court. The Respondent issued his notice of intent to defend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7568108  the application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14371672  on 2 October 2019.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid14371672 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}On 9 October 2019 Judge Savage held the first hearing as to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4155808 damage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14371672 s. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5838425 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14371672 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9467663 matter was adjourne
d until the next Land Court sitting, as Judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9712280 Savage }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9467663 held that the matter was not in a position to move to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 
considering }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9467663 quantum due to the Respondent\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 stated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9467663 interest in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid870805 filing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9467663  a s 390A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 application in relation to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11864755 land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9467663 
, and due to the lack of evidence as to market rentals on the island with which to calculate mesne profits.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14311111   It is clear that Judge Savage did not make any orders with regard to damages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9771659 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14311111  as further evidence was required.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14371672 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1342000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1342000 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16665881 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3571334 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16665881 The Respondent did not submit any evidence or memorand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid870805 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16665881  in respect of the damages application. On 26 May 2020 the Respondent filed a memorandum seeking leave to appeal the Applicant\rquote s entitlement to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11864755 land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16665881 under s 390A and asking for this matter to be heard before the damages }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9503816 application was determined}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16665881 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4597985 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4597985 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid870805 damages }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4597985 application did not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10116637 progress}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4597985  until 21 October 2021 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10116637 when Mr Moore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4597985 filed a memorandum with the Court to begin }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15936267 hearing the application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4597985 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016535 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4597985 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4597985 On 25 October 2021 the Applicant }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10116637 also applied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4597985  for a new timetable for the filing of evidence considering the Respondent\rquote 
s late filing of notice to defend, the fluctuating counsel situation of the Respondent, and the difficulties presented by COVID-19.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid870805 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4597985 
 held a hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9771659  via Zoom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4597985  on 3 November 2021 to consider a new timetable. The Respondent once again raised his intention to file a 390A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 application in relation to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11864755 land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4597985 , which he was granted leave to do. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4597985  directed that the Applicant file their evidence as to mesne profits by 24 January 2022, and the Respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4597985 
submit their evidence in response by 21 February 2022. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14371672 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16665881\charrsid15016535 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16665881\charrsid15016535 
The Applicant submitted evidence as to market rentals for mesne profits being sought on 26 January 2022.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5576649\charrsid15016535  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016535\charrsid15016535 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16665881 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16665881 On 1 April 2022, Ms Tangimama}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016535 , as counsel for the Respondent, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16665881 applied to the Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9771659 explaining her absence, and requesting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16665881 for directions for a new timetable. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 This request to amend the filing timetable was granted, however}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16665881  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid870805 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16665881 he Respondent did not submit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 any evidence in response in accordance with the amended timetable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16665881 . }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10882323 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid870805 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 On }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16665881 
20 May 2022 Mr Moore applied to the Court for an order for interim costs, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 light}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16665881  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16665881 prolonged omission by the Respondent to file.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid870805 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 On}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16665881 
 1 June 2022 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16665881 gave the Respondent until 15 June }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 2022 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16665881 
to file evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10882323 with regard to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16665881 damages application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3752149  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16665881 
and confi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3752149 rmed that the hearing would be held in July}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4680166  2022}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3752149 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 I }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3752149 also gave leave for Ms Tangimama to withdraw as counsel for the Respondent, who would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9771659 now }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3752149 be representing himself. 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3752149 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}On 15 June the Respondent filed a memorandum with the Court. It outlined the \'93
exceptional circumstances\'94 which led to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3752149 delay in his submissions. He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 reiterated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3752149 his intention to file a 390A application with the Court. The memorandum omitted to include evidence in defence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4999565 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3752149 damages}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4999565  application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3752149 , or a 390A application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16665881 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid870805 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870805 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3752149 
 held the damages hearing on 4 July 2022. The Respondent did not appear. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12398246 I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3752149 reserved }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12398246 my }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3752149 decision as to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 damage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3752149 s, directing the Applicant to submit more evidence as to market rental prices in Avarua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3940492 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5901620 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3940492 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3940492 On 7 July 2022 the Applicant submitted further ev
idence as to the quantum of mesne profits sought.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4814862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3940492\charrsid3940492 Notice to the Respondent
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4155808\charrsid5838425 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx720\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7548368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808\charrsid5838425 Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808\charrsid4155808 
Moore in his memorandum to the Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15016535 disclosed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808\charrsid4155808 an email exchange between himself and the Respondent. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4680166 Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808\charrsid4155808 Moore attached the memoranda he submitted to the Court on 22 June 2022, which included the 4 July 2022 hearing date. The Respondent only replied with \'93
I will respond accordingly in two days.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808\charrsid4155808 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4155808 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3571334 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 On 30 June 2022 Mr Moore sent the Respondent a memorandum t
hat Moore had filed with the Court that day.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4680166   T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 hat memorandum included the hearing date. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7752236  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 The Respondent did not reply, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7752236 so }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 
Mr Moore resent the email to the Respondent on 3 July 2022 asking for acknowledgement of service. The Respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7752236 again }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 did not reply.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4680166\charrsid6254058 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4814862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4680166\charrsid6254058 The hearing of the application was notified in the normal way }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6254058\charrsid6254058 being advertised in the Cook Islands newspaper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325779\charrsid6254058 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6254058\charrsid6254058 Notice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4680166\charrsid6254058 was also displayed on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6254058\charrsid6254058 Ministry of Justice Notice Board.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4680166\charrsid6254058 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4814862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4155808\charrsid5838425 Law
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid10116637 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3571334 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10116637 The Applicant applies under s 409(c) of the Cook Islands Act 
1915 for an order as to costs of general, special and exemplary damages in respect of the holding over of the property by the Respondent, and the lengthy legal proceedings.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4155808 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 Section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7938675 409(c) of the Cook Islands Act 1915}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12398246  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 sets out the ability for the Court to make a finding as to damages:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7938675 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri425\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin425\lin720\itap0\pararsid7548368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid7938675\charrsid10618563 409. Miscellaneous jurisdiction of Land}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7938675\charrsid10618563  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid7938675\charrsid10618563 Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid7752236 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7938675\charrsid10618563 In addition to the jurisdiction elsewhere conferred upon [the Land Court] by this Act, that Court shall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7938675  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7938675\charrsid10618563 have jurisdiction-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12398246 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid12398246 \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7938675 \line \line (c) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7938675\charrsid10618563 
To hear and determine as between Natives [or the descendants of Natives] any claim to recover damages for trespass or any other injury to Native freehold land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7938675 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid4155808\charrsid5330118 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4814862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4155808\charrsid263241 {\*\bkmkend _Hlk112409949}
{\*\bkmkend _Hlk112665504}Special Damages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid263241\charrsid263241  - Mesne profits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4155808\charrsid263241 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid1180668\charrsid2633616 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1180668 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1180668\charrsid2633616 As I have noted above}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2303729\charrsid2633616 , I am considering this matter on the basis of the current list of owners.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1180668\charrsid2633616  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2303729\charrsid2633616 
I note that I have recommended }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12324754\charrsid2633616 to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14107866\charrsid2633616 Chief Justice and he has recommended to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12324754\charrsid2633616 King\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1783924\charrsid2633616 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12324754\charrsid2633616 epresentative that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2303729\charrsid2633616 changes be made to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12324754\charrsid2633616 ownership list}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14107866\charrsid2633616 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12324754\charrsid2633616 I cannot make decisions based }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1783924\charrsid2633616 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12324754\charrsid2633616 a potential future scenario}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1783924\charrsid2633616 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14107866\charrsid2633616 I must deal with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12324754\charrsid2633616 information before me now}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1783924\charrsid2633616 , being the current title}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12324754\charrsid2633616 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1180668\charrsid2633616 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5330118 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3571334 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5330118 The Applicant seeks special damages in the form of mesne profits }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 for the period between }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1450204 the expiry of the lease on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5330118  31 October 2008 until the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616 Respo
ndent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 was given notice to vacate and was served with an injunction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1450204  in May 2018.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 
 The Applicant seeks an amount of $74,453 in mesne profits.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10190241 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4155808 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 
The Applicant applies for mesne profits based on eligibility derived from:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid4155808 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid7548368 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\f0\super\insrsid4155808\charrsid7548368 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8681941 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13134330 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid4155808\charrsid4155808 Submissions of Applicant in Support}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13134330 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4155808\charrsid4155808 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4155808 e}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4155808\charrsid4155808 videnced by the Respondent\rquote s own submissions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13134330  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13134330\charrsid4155808 (29 August 2019)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4155808\charrsid4155808 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13134330 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4155808\charrsid4155808 Order for Recall of Injunction Order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13134330 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13134330\charrsid4155808 (July 2019)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13134330 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13134330\charrsid4155808  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid4155808\charrsid4155808 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13134330 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4155808\charrsid4155808 Section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8681941  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid4155808\charrsid4155808 390A Application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13134330 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13134330\charrsid4155808 (21 December 2018)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid4155808\charrsid4155808 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4155808 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-708\li1417\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1417\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1417\itap0\pararsid3571334 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 The Respondent\rquote s continued occupation of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5838425 
land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 after the lease\rquote s expiry on 1 November 2008 until 17 July 2017;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4155808 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}The Respondent\rquote 
s entering of a tenancy agreement with the German national where he purported to be landlord and sought to derive profit.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5330118 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3571334 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5330118 This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4680166 Land Division of the High }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5330118 Court has not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12398246 previously }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5330118 considered or awarded mesne profits damages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12398246 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2587951  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12398246 In such situations }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2587951 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5330118 
t is common for this Court to look to New Zealand precedent.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4155808 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 Mr Moore referenced Todd\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4155808 Law of Torts in New Zealand, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 to give the Court a \'93brief description of each category\'94 
of damages: special, general and exemplary. I find the below example of assistance in defining special damages in the form of mesne profits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5330118 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid1450204 
{\*\bkmkstart _Ref135829654}\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid7548368 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f0\super\insrsid1450204\charrsid5055630 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1450204\charrsid5055630  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid7538605\charrsid5055630 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14573889 Stephen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2587951\charrsid5055630 Todd and o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14573889 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2587951\charrsid5055630 rs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2587951\charrsid5055630 The Law of Torts in New Zealand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10226592 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid870973 8
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10226592 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2587951\charrsid5055630  ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10226592 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2587951\charrsid5055630 
 Thomas Reuters, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10226592 Wellington, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10226592\charrsid5055630 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10226592 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13134330 )}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10226592  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2587951\charrsid5055630 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7538605\charrsid5055630  5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid870973 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7538605\charrsid5055630 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5330118 {\*\bkmkend _Ref135829654}
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri425\sb120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin425\lin720\itap0\pararsid7548368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5330118\charrsid7175909 
Where the defendant wrongfully makes use of the plaintiff\rquote s land, the plaintiff is entitled to recover by way of damages (generally called \'93mesne profits\'94) a reasonable rate of remuneration for the full period of unlawful use, regardl
ess of any actual loss suffered by the plaintiff or any actual benefit derived from the trespasser. This strict \'93user principle\'94 is justified by the need to remove any financial incentive to interfere with the possessory rights of others.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid263241 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3571334 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241 Despite the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4220282 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid263241 espondent\rquote s failed attempt to renew a lease for the land block}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13134330 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241  he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13134330 continued to}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241  occupy the land block }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241 for the period }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13134330 after the lease expired on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13134330\charrsid263241  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241 1 November 2008, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4468234 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241 17 July 2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13134330 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4468234  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241 when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241 
injunction was granted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4468234 .  During that time he had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241 no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4468234 legal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid263241\charrsid263241 authority or right to occupy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4468234  the land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241 .  Further, not only did he occupy the land without authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13134330 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241  he then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033947 sub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241 -leased the land.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241   
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid263241\charrsid263241 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241 The }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4220282 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241 espondent knew he did not have authority to be on the land \endash  why else would  he have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9598250 looked to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241 renew the lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14682864 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241   Wh
en he was unable to find }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4856888 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241 owners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4856888  of the land block}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4856888 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241  obtain a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250 new }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241 lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4856888 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241 
 he must have been aware that he had no right to remain on the property and certainly no right to lease the land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid263241\charrsid263241 someone else.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250   While the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4220282 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250 espondent had not be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5375392 en}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250  told to vacate the property}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4856888 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250  he knew the lease was at an end.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4856888 However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4856888 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4220282 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250 espondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250\charrsid9598250 chose to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4856888 remain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4856888\charrsid9598250  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250\charrsid9598250 on the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250 land.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14682864\charrsid14682864 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4856888 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [42]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4856888 As a result, it is c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250\charrsid9598250 lear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4856888  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250\charrsid9598250  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14682864 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4220282 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14682864 espondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250\charrsid9598250 should be held liable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820781 
to the owners of the land during the time period he used the land without authority.  Therefore, the Respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820781\charrsid9598250 should be held liable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9598250\charrsid9598250 for mesne profits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250\charrsid9598250 obliged to pay a reasonable rent for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250 
land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250\charrsid9598250 for the use which he has enjoyed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820781  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6688929 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820781 to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6688929 those who were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820781 owners at that time he used the land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250\charrsid9598250 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598250 
  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1450899 In this situation a grant of mesne profits is justified. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880952\charrsid3880952 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4814862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14311111\charrsid14311111 Quantum of mesne profits
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid14311111 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [43]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3571334 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14311111 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2712207 
n cases where mesne profits have been awarded the Court has had the benefit of expert evidence. In th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5911866 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2712207  case of a lease, evidence 
of market rentals and other factors which affect the overall value}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12398246  are relevan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1515072 t.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid1578282 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid7548368 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f0\super\insrsid1578282\charrsid13111855 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8681941 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1578282\charrsid5055630 Matchitt v Whangara B20 Inc }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1578282\charrsid5055630 (2009) 191 Tairawhiti MB 249 (191 TRW 249); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1578282\charrsid5055630 Roberts v Rodney District Council (No 2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1578282\charrsid5055630 [2001] 2 NZLR 402; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1578282\charrsid5055630 Nicholls v Nicholls \endash  Koromatua 3A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1578282\charrsid5055630 (2017)
 154 Waikato-Maniapoto MB 128 (154 WWN 128); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1578282\charrsid5055630 Trustees of Motiti North E9 v Aukaha }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1578282\charrsid5055630 (1997) 59}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7734334  Tauranga MB 2 (59 T 2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1578282\charrsid5055630 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1578282\charrsid5055630 Re Omahu 2M3 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1578282\charrsid5055630 (2000) 161 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7734334 apier MB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1578282\charrsid5055630  109 (161 NA 109).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5055630  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7734334  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5055630 The evidence appears to have been submitted automatically by the parties, and there is no discussion on the level of sufficient evidence required.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297391  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 Mr Moore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6297391 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808  in his submissions, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808\charrsid5375392 referred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5375392 Harvey v Beveridge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4155808  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 
as an authority }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033947 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 expert evidence in the calculation of mesne profits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3033947  was not required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2712207 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid161683 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [44]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid161683 When calculating mesne profit
s, the reasonability of the amount being sought is based on submitted evidence for the Court. For leases, it is the comparability of market rentals.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid161683 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [45]\tab}In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid161683 {\*\bkmkstart _Hlk135820866}
Queenstown Central Ltd v March Construction Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3960425 {\*\bkmkend _Hlk135820866}, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3960425 expert evidence was available to the Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5375392 which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3960425 held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3960425\charrsid7538605 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid3960425\charrsid7538605 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid7548368 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f0\super\insrsid3960425\charrsid5055630 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3960425\charrsid5055630  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7734334 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid159948\charrsid7548368 Queenstown Central Ltd v March Construction Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid159948  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3960425\charrsid5055630 [2016] NZHC 1884 at [256].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid161683\charrsid7538605 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri425\sb120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin425\lin720\itap0\pararsid7548368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3960425\charrsid7548368 {\*\bkmkstart _Hlk132280430}
The quantum of\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3960425\charrsid7548368 mesne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid3960425\charrsid7548368 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3960425\charrsid7548368 profits}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid3960425\charrsid7548368 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3960425\charrsid7548368 is thus in the Court's principled discretion and involves a mix of
 considerations. The authorities indicate a choice as to the approach but I think they must here be considered together. The use must be understood for the benefit it provides to the user. The rent available in the market is another consideration. These c
onsiderations will be reflected in the price that a reasonable person would pay to purchase a right to do that which would otherwise constitute trespass{\*\bkmkend _Hlk132280430}.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3167997 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [46]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3571334 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3167997 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3167997 {\*\bkmkstart _Hlk135826171}
Harvey v Beveridge{\*\bkmkend _Hlk135826171}, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3167997 Gendall J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1014905  in the High Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14682864 of Aotearoa New Zealand }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1014905 had the quantum of mesne profits referred back to him when the Court of Appeal found the plaintiff\rquote s claim for mesne profits could succeed. The Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3167997 
held that expert evidence was not necessary to confirm the reasonability of the quantum of mesne profits sought}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1014905 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid3167997 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid7548368 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f0\super\insrsid3167997\charrsid5055630 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3167997\charrsid5055630  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid8549706\charrsid8549706 Harvey v Beveridge}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8549706\charrsid8549706  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3167997\charrsid5055630 [2014] NZHC 947 at [11].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3167997  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7347747 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3167997 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [47]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3167997 Mr Moore on 26 January 2022 submit}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5263829 ted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3167997  that the affidavits he provided based on market value of long-term rentals on the island }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9503816 are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3167997  sufficient }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9503816 evidence for the calculation of mesne profits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3167997 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13713316 In support of this he referred to}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3167997  the 2013 Practice Note }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6902613 (the Note) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3167997 
issued by Justice Isaac and Justice Savage regarding the determination of rental for commercial leases.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid3167997 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid7548368 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\f0\super\insrsid3167997\charrsid5055630 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3167997\charrsid5055630  \tab Cook Islands Court Rules, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid3167997\charrsid5055630 Practice
 Note regarding determination of rental for commercial leases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3167997\charrsid5055630 (2013)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4018127 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3167997\charrsid13111855  }}
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3167997  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3167997 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [48]\tab}The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6902613 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3167997 ote addresse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6902613 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3167997  the lack of expert evidence filed in support of applications for determination of rentals for commercial leases. The Justices }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5375392 indicated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3167997 that if the necessary evidence is not submitted, the applications are to be adjourned until the necessary evidence is filed. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3167997 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [49]\tab}
The Note addresses a specific concern of the Court, being the lack of sufficient evidence to make an informed determination. The crux of the Note is
 to allay the concern of Judges when they make a determination without the necessary evidence to corroborate their recommendation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6902613 However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9503816 I record that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6902613 this Note is concerned with commercial leases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9503816 , not calculating mesne profits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6902613 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9503816  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [50]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 The}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1342000 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820781  is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 no expert }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820781 valuation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14682864\charrsid1325779  before the Court in this case.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 Mr Moore submits that any evidence provided by the two expert valuers on the island, Mr Tizzard and Mr Eggelton, would not be relevant as they have only ever given evidence on rent reviews and capital val
ue reviews and not long-term rentals }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1986639 as is at issue here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 . The Applicant\rquote 
s evidence includes affidavits by Ngaoa Ranginui, who owned different sized properties on Avarua, and listed rental amounts submitted with itemised leases and contracts. There was no response or evidence filed by the Respondent or his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14682864\charrsid1325779  former }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 counsel Ms Tangimama.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [51]\tab}
The first property provided as evidence by Ms Ranginui was a 3-bedroom dwelling containing approximately 140m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 
 of living space, which was tenanted from 7 May 2019 to 30 April 2020 at a rent of $200 per week. The second property was on Eangaanga and Tutakimoa Section 50 Avarua, the same village as the subject dwelling, with 100m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\super\insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779  of living space, was rented at $500 per week. The third property was a 75m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 2}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779  duplex on Taratui Section 93B2 Avarua, in the same village as the subject dwelling, at $300 per week. The fourth property is a 40m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\super\insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779  one-bedroom dwelling on Tikioki Section 46C2 Takitimu, on t
he south side of Rarotonga, which is rented out for $150 per week (discounted from $250 for the tenant). And the fifth example provided was a two-bedroom dwelling on Avarua with a rent of $200 per week, which is inclusive of yard maintenance.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [52]\tab}On 7 Jul
y 2022 the Applicant submitted further evidence as to the quantum of mesne profits sought. Mr Moore filed a schedule of annual rentals from 2020 beginning with weekly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164 
 rent of $200 and thereafter reduced at 4.5% per annum. The calculation for mesne profits were based on the period between 2008 and 2018.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827115   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164 
The total quantum of mesne profits sought based on this schedule was $74,453.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1342000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1342000 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid10827115\charrsid6246311 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [53]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3571334 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827115\charrsid6246311 
The quantum of mesne profits is in the Court's principled discretion and involves a mix of considerations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937\charrsid6246311 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6246311 A quantum is de
termined from considering a range of factors.  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12925937\charrsid6246311 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [54]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937\charrsid6246311 
In this situation I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14827750 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937\charrsid6246311 consider}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14827750 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12925937\charrsid6246311  the possible }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827115\charrsid6246311 rent available in the market}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14827750  and t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12925937\charrsid6246311 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827115\charrsid6246311 price that a reasonable person would pay to purchase a right to do that which would otherwise constitute trespass}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5375392\charrsid6246311 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6246311   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14827750 While the Court does not have expert valuation evidence it does have the amounts put forward by Mr Moore.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14827750\charrsid6246311 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid14827750 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [55]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7548368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14827750 The p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6246311 otential r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937 ent that the Respondent should have paid during his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937\charrsid2712207 wrongfully use}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12925937\charrsid2712207  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937\charrsid2712207 property }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14827750 to the owners is judged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937\charrsid2712207 irrespective of whether or not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937 the owners }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937\charrsid2712207 
could show that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937 they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937\charrsid2712207 would have\~let the property to anybody else }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid880641 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937\charrsid2712207  used the property }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937 themselves}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937\charrsid2712207 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6246311   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12925937 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [56]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid880641 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937 I also consider whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4220282 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937 pplicant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937\charrsid2712207 might not have suffered any actual loss by being deprived of the use of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937\charrsid2712207 property}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937 .  I note }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid880641 that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid880641 Applicant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937 is not yet an owner.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid880641 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937 
he owners are uncontactable and there has been difficulty in finding any of them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid880641 . However, I also apply the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937  same assessment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid880641  regarding actual loss to the owners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12925937 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5375392\charrsid12265980 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [57]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3571334 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5375392\charrsid12265980 The Rarotonga context must also be taken into account and in particular }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12265980\charrsid12265980 the issue of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5375392\charrsid12265980 absentee landowners.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12265980 
  It is unclear as to how many similar situations there are in Rarotonga where people are unable to contact owners \endash  although anecdotally contacting land owners is a common problem.  The difficulty o
f contacting owners and absentee owners potentially contributed to the Respondent not being able to enter into a lease.  Despite best efforts to try and locate owners or an owner \endash 
 he was unable to.  I am not sure if the Applicant has had any more success than the Respondent had in locating owners.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12265980 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [58]\tab}There is also the issue of the Respondent improving the property and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6246311 taking care of the property during the time he occupied the land.  This has not been quantified but clearly the house was maintained to some extent over the ten year }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15956969 period from}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6246311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6246311\charrsid263241 1 November 2008, when the lease expired, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6246311 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6246311\charrsid263241 17 July 2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6246311 .  We know that some improvements were made to the house, albeit by MecKlenberg, who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15956969 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6246311  the Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6254058  sub-leased }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6246311 the property to at no cost.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12265980 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid12265980 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [59]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11952560 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12265980 Taking all thes
e matters into account I am of the view a minimum amount should be imposed to recognise that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6246311 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12265980  did use }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3820781 and enjoy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848 the property for a ten year period}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid660428 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7998662 
 but also recognising the other factors I have mentioned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848 .  That amount will be $26,000.00.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11952560 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6254058\charrsid14107866 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [60]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6254058\charrsid14107866 I }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2303729\charrsid14107866 emphasise }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6254058\charrsid14107866 again the unusual situation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2303729\charrsid14107866 we find ourselves in.  T}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6254058\charrsid14107866 he Court must consider the title and ownership}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2303729\charrsid14107866  list}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6254058\charrsid14107866 
 as it currently is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2303729\charrsid14107866 , even though it has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6254058\charrsid14107866 
 recommended changes to the title which will result in changes in the ownership list, if it is accepted by the King\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6254058\charrsid14107866 epresentative.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11952560\charrsid14107866 As noted, I must deal with the title as it currently is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2303729\charrsid14107866 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11952560\charrsid14107866  not as it might be.  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6254058\charrsid11952560 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [61]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6254058\charrsid11952560 Therefore, t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848\charrsid11952560 his amount is {\*\bkmkstart _Hlk135831780}to be paid }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325779\charrsid11952560 into}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848\charrsid11952560 
 the Court and the Court will on application distribute the amount equally to those }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820781\charrsid11952560 person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6254058\charrsid11952560 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3820781\charrsid11952560  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848\charrsid11952560 who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820781 were listed as owners during the 10 year time period 
{\*\bkmkend _Hlk135831780}that the Respondent did use and enjoy the property without authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6254058 .  D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7998662 esce
ndants of those owners, once those descendants have succeeded and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3112104 been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7998662 listed as owners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6254058 
 will also be eligible to apply for those}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6384297  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6254058 funds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820781 
  The point being that those p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3112104 eople}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820781  who were listed as owners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6384297  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820781 
of the land while the Respondent use}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3112104 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820781  and enjoy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3112104 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820781  the prope
rty are the owners who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6384297 are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616 entitled to damages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820781 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12265980\charrsid11952560 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4814862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3960425\charrsid12265980 General Damages
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4155808 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [62]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7548368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 The Applicant seeks general damages for the \'93significant legal expense\'94 and \'93
to the anxiety and distress\'94 the Respondent has caused in respect of the land and the drawn-out application, to the value of $5,000.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4155808 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [63]\tab}Todd\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4155808 Law of Torts in New Zealand }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 set}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808  out a definition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164 of general damages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid4155808 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid7548368 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f0\super\insrsid4155808\charrsid7548368 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid4155808\charrsid7548368  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4155808\charrsid5055630 Todd, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16204716 above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16204716 
 NOTEREF _Ref135829654 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16204716 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0052006500660031003300350038003200390036003500340000000f}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid5513485 4}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4155808\charrsid5055630 , at 1320-1.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri425\sb120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin425\lin720\itap0\pararsid7548368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid4155808\charrsid5838425 General Damages
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri425\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin425\lin720\itap0\pararsid7548368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4155808\charrsid5838425 
Intangible harm such as pain and suffering, distress and anxiety falling short of recognisable psychiatric illness, embarrassment and humiliation, annoyance a
nd inconvenience, is not in itself sufficient to ground a free-standing claim in a tort such as trespass that is complete without proof of damage, intangible harm can then be taken into account in assessing the total extent of the loss for which compensat
ion is payable. Since intangible losses of this sort are not capable of objective quantification in monetary terms, their compensation is achieved by making a lump sum award known as \'93general damages\'94
. Both the availability and quantum of awards tend to depend on the nature of the claim. In some cases an award of general damages may be made for loss of use of property, or loss of amenity.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [64]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7548368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 Mr Moore\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15956969 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779  claim on behalf of his client lacks detail}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7998662  other than a general submission that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10688925 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4220282 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10688925 espondent should receive general damages for anxiety and distress}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7998662 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1342000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1342000 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid10688925 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [65]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7548368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10688925 Clearly, any general damages to be awarded must be in relation to the land.  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid10688925 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [66]\tab}The difficulty here for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4220282 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10688925 pplicant is that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4220282 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid870973\charrsid1325779 pplicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10688925 can }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 only claim general damages }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10688925 
in relation to the land as an owner.  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4220282 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10688925 pplicant is yet to be confirmed as an owner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11952560 
, albeit the recommendation before the King\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11952560 epresentative.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10688925   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15232164\charrsid1325779 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7014980\charrsid14107866 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [67]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7014980\charrsid14107866 As noted }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12795426\charrsid14107866 above, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7014980\charrsid14107866 I have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848\charrsid14107866 presumed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7014980\charrsid14107866  that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4220282\charrsid14107866 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848\charrsid14107866 pplicant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7014980\charrsid14107866 
takes this application }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848\charrsid14107866 on behalf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7014980\charrsid14107866  of himself}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3112104\charrsid14107866  as a p
otential owner,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7014980\charrsid14107866  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848\charrsid14107866 all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3112104\charrsid14107866 of the current }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7014980\charrsid14107866 owners.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848\charrsid14107866   None of the current owners have participated in the hearings and provided evidence of the general damages being claimed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6384297\charrsid14107866   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7014980\charrsid14107866 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2323848\charrsid1325779 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [68]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848\charrsid1325779 
This part of the claim is dismissed.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4814862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3167997 Aggravated and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid2248638 Exemplary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11994778 Damages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11994778 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid11994778 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [69]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7548368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11994778 The Applicant seeks }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6834091 aggravated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 and/or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6834091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2248638 exemplary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11994778  damages }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9182954 for the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15936267 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9182954 high-handed manner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15936267 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9182954 
 the Respondent has behaved in throughout this application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2497443 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9182954  in the sum of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2248638  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6834091 $}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2248638 10,000}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9182954 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808  The Applicant has not stated what award of aggravated damages are sought.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4155808 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [70]\tab}
The high-handed manner of the Respondent is, as submitted by the Applicant, is what qualifies an award of aggravated and exemplary damages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid4155808 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid7548368 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f0\super\insrsid4155808\charrsid7548368 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4155808\charrsid7548368  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid4155808\charrsid7548368 Submissions of Applicant in Support}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid16204716\charrsid7548368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16204716\charrsid12391622 (29 August 2019)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4155808\charrsid7548368 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11994778 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3167997 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [71]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3167997 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3167997 {\*\bkmkstart _Hlk135829701}TC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6834091 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3167997  Channel 9 PTY Limited v Apping }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3167997\charrsid13111855 
{\*\bkmkend _Hlk135829701}exemplary or aggravated damages are available in cases of trespass in the right circumstances.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid6834091 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid7548368 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\f0\super\insrsid6834091\charrsid13111855 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6834091\charrsid13111855  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid16204716\charrsid7548368 TCN Channel 9 PTY Limited v Apping}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16204716\charrsid16204716  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6834091\charrsid13111855 (2002) 54 NSW LR 333}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6834091\charrsid5055630 , cited in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid6834091\charrsid5055630 Matchitt v Whangara B20 Inc }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6834091\charrsid5055630 (2009) 191 Tairawhiti MB 249 (191 TRW 249) at [62].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3167997\charrsid13111855 
 Where the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4220282 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3167997\charrsid13111855 
espondent is guilty of deliberate trespass and arrogant disregard, aggravated damages may be awarded to compensate for additional injury to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4220282 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3167997\charrsid13111855 pplicant's feelings dignity or reputation. A further sum may be awarded by way of exemplary damages solely to punish a defendant and to deter other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6834091 s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3167997 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4155808 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [72]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 
Mr Moore provided the Court with a definition of aggravated damages from the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4155808 Tuake v Toeta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 . His submission is that the Respondent\rquote 
s behaviour is equivalent to telling the Applicant to \'93take him to Court\'94, like in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4155808 Tuake}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4155808 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\super\insrsid4155808\charrsid4155808  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid4155808 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid7548368 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\f0\super\insrsid4155808\charrsid5055630 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4155808\charrsid5055630  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid16204716\charrsid7548368 Tuake v Toeta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16204716\charrsid16204716  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid81230\charrsid7548368 \endash  Akaoa 65, Arorangi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8066456 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid81230  CKLD}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8066456 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid81230  App}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8066456 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4155808\charrsid5055630  213/2013}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid8066456  (31 October 2013)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4155808\charrsid5055630  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid81230 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6507723 [50]-[51]. }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4155808 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri425\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin425\lin720\itap0\pararsid7548368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4155808\charrsid8071262 [50] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4155808 As stated by Mr Moore for the Applicant, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4155808\charrsid8071262 
aggravated damages are paid as compensation for a wrong, for mental distress or injury to feelings and where the injury has been aggravated by the respondent\rquote s conduct.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri425\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin425\lin720\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4155808\charrsid8071262 
[51] The evidence has demonstrated that the Respondent has behaved in a high-handed manner with little or no regards for the property rights of the owners of this land and when questioned by the Applicant regarding the rock removal he told her, it was }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid4155808\charrsid8071262 none of her business and she should take him to Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid4155808 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri425\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin425\lin720\itap0\pararsid7548368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12000988\charrsid7548368 (emphasis added)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2323848 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [73]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6947793 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848 I would agree 
with Mr Moore if the Applicant was a current owner.  He is still a potential owner.  Although the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11952560 re is a high possibility from my view }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848 that he will be an owner}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11012665 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848  that has not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11012665 yet }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848 occurred.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2323848\charrsid1325779 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [74]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848\charrsid1325779 
As noted I have presumed that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4220282 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848\charrsid1325779 pplicant takes this application on behalf of himself and all owners.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1325779\charrsid1325779 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2323848\charrsid1325779 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [75]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848\charrsid1325779 
None of the current owners have participated in the hearings and provided evidence to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325779\charrsid1325779 justify}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848\charrsid1325779  an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1325779\charrsid1325779 award}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848\charrsid1325779  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325779\charrsid1325779 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848\charrsid1325779 ggravated and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325779\charrsid1325779 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848\charrsid1325779 xemplary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325779\charrsid1325779 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2323848\charrsid1325779 amages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1325779\charrsid1325779 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2323848\charrsid1325779 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2323848\charrsid1325779 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [76]\tab}This part of the claim is dismissed.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4814862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1325779\charrsid1325779 Decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid2323848\charrsid1325779 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6947793 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [77]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx927\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6947793 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6947793 This application was for three types of damages, under s 409(c) of the Cook Islands Act 1915. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14107866 In regard to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6947793  these damages sought, I have made the following decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8540892 s:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1325779 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8540892 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-708\li1417\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1417\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1417\itap0\pararsid3820781 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8540892 Special damages for mesne profits granted. The Respondent is order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7548368 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8540892  to pay $26,000.00 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8540892\charrsid8540892 into the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616 .  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3820781 he Court will on application distribute the amount equally to those persons who were listed as owners during the 10 year time period that the Respondent did use and enjoy the property without authority.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8540892 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8540892 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-708\li1417\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1417\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1417\itap0\pararsid8540892 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8540892 General damages for legal expenses and \'93anxiety and distress\'94
 caused by the Respondent dismissed. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8540892 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-708\li1417\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1417\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1417\itap0\pararsid7548368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8540892 Aggravated and/or exemplary damages for the Respondent\rquote s \'93high-handed manner\'94
 in dealing with the Applicant dismissed. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s36\qj \li0\ri-853\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-853\lin0\itap0\pararsid2633616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Dated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616\charrsid13513537 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1342000 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1:00pm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616\charrsid13513537 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Rotorua, Aotearoa New Zealand,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616\charrsid13513537 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid2633616\charrsid2633616 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616\charrsid13513537 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 day of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 May 2023}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616\charrsid13513537 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s36\qj \li0\ri-853\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-853\lin0\itap0\pararsid2633616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2633616 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 C T Coxhead
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2633616 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 JUSTICE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2633616\charrsid8477612 
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