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{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31573\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew);}{\fhiminor\f31574\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic);}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}
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\rsid16211795\rsid16280154\rsid16325932\rsid16387109\rsid16398968\rsid16403190\rsid16404435\rsid16450671\rsid16454582\rsid16457723\rsid16467146\rsid16475711\rsid16475891\rsid16534370\rsid16593275\rsid16596093\rsid16599613\rsid16612919\rsid16676177
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{\operator Kym Freriks}{\creatim\yr2023\mo6\dy17\hr16\min5}{\revtim\yr2023\mo6\dy17\hr16\min6}{\printim\yr2021\mo5\dy12\hr6\min49}{\version3}{\edmins0}{\nofpages15}{\nofwords4567}{\nofchars26034}{\*\company Company}{\nofcharsws30540}{\vern87}}
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9927556 
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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\ltrrow\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
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\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5580\clshdrawnil \cellx5524\clvertalb\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3265\clshdrawnil \cellx8789\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\noline\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1184060 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs22\insrsid10508155\charrsid675167 IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE COOK ISLANDS
\par HELD AT RAROTONGA
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\noline\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid15496970 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\insrsid10508155\charrsid675167 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs22\insrsid15602900\charrsid675167 LAND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\insrsid10508155\charrsid675167  DIVISION)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs16\insrsid7345930\charrsid13336184 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li-304\ri0\sb240\widctlpar\noline\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin-304\pararsid15145994 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cgrid0\insrsid10508155\charrsid675167 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs22\cgrid0\insrsid15602900\charrsid675167 APPLICATION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cgrid0\insrsid14756303\charrsid675167  NO.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cgrid0\insrsid2823148\charrsid675167  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cgrid0\insrsid15145994\charrsid675167 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cgrid0\insrsid6294466\charrsid675167 /}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cgrid0\insrsid7275741\charrsid675167 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cgrid0\insrsid12784045\charrsid675167 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cgrid0\insrsid15145994\charrsid675167 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid10508155\charrsid675167  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cgrid0\insrsid10508155\charrsid675167 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10508155\charrsid675167 
\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph56\trleft-56\trkeep\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8845\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl56\trpaddr56\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid6170731\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5580\clshdrawnil \cellx5524\clvertalb\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3265\clshdrawnil \cellx8789\row }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \fi-1987\li5587\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5587\itap0\pararsid9598227 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15145994\charrsid675167 {\*\bkmkstart nam}
{\*\bkmkstart nam2}{\*\bkmkstart nam3}{\*\bkmkend nam}{\*\bkmkend nam2}{\*\bkmkend nam3}IN THE MATTER\tab of Section 390A of the Cook Islands Act 1915 (NZ)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1980\li5580\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5580\itap0\pararsid5206029 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15145994\charrsid675167 AND

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1980\li5580\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5580\itap0\pararsid15145994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7275741\charrsid675167 IN THE MATTER\tab 
of the land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15145994\charrsid675167 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7275741\charrsid675167  known as }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15145994\charrsid675167 TE TAORA 128D, TUTAKIMOA 14E, AVARUA 190A1, AVARUA 190A2, TAPATEA 107B1, TAPATEA 107B2, TAPATEA 223, PARAKO 134, AVARUA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\highlight7\langnp5129\insrsid7275741\charrsid675167 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1980\li5580\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5580\itap0\pararsid5206029 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid5206029\charrsid675167 AND

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1980\li5580\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5580\itap0\pararsid16149295 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid5206029\charrsid675167 IN THE MATTER\tab 
of an Application to cancel or amend }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid13794798 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid5206029\charrsid675167  Succession Order}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid13794798  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14438477 dated 11 September 1996}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid5206029\charrsid675167 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1987\li5587\ri0\sb240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5587\itap0\pararsid6170731 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7275741\charrsid675167 BETWEEN}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7275741\charrsid675167 \tab TU}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15145994\charrsid675167 APIKEPIKE PORETI SAMUEL}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7275741\charrsid675167 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \fi-2347\li5040\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid6170731 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7275741\charrsid675167 Appl
icant
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1980\li5580\ri0\sb120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5580\itap0\pararsid7275741 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7275741\charrsid675167 AND}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7275741\charrsid675167 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15145994\charrsid675167 SUCCESSORS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7363074 TO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15145994\charrsid675167  EMMA MOETAUA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\b\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\super\langnp5129\insrsid136871 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid1711599 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid136871 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid136871  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11164513 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid136871 Being the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16149295 19 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid136871 
successors to Emma Moetaua in the succession order of 11 September 1996, and their successors, as listed in the memorandum from Mrs Browne, counsel for the respondents, dated 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14438477 
\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid136871 September 2020}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11164513 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\highlight7\langnp5129\insrsid7275741\charrsid675167 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \fi-2347\li5040\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid16149295 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7275741\charrsid675167 Respondent}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15145994\charrsid675167 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7275741\charrsid675167 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qr \fi-2127\li4962\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4962\itap0\pararsid8915595 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1988086\charrsid8915595 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12996391 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid3085682 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \fi-2610\li2610\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2610\itap0\pararsid5206029 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15145994 Date of Application:\tab 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid330974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15145994 July 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid330974 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15145994 Date of Referral to
\par    Land Division:\tab 8 June 2016
\par 
\par Date of Hearing:\tab 10 October 2019
\par 
\par Date of Land Division}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid4594264 
\par   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6170731  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15145994 Report:\tab 2 April 2020
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15483359 Appearances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15483359\charrsid8339628 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15483359 Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15145994 B Mason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15483359 
 for Applicant
\par \tab Mrs T }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15145994 Browne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15483359  for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15145994 Respondents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15483359 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs14\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15483359\charrsid5462917 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15483359 Date of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid4594264 Provisional
\par   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14438477  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14038309 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9445590 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12149357 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9653006  September}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15145994  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12402208 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14038309 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7565632 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-2610\li2610\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2610\itap0\pararsid16149295 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16149295 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1711599 Date of this Judgment:\tab 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16149295  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3096646 May}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16149295  2021
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7213087 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid4681459\charrsid13336184 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh650\trleft-108\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8820\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid11235107\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8820\clshdrawnil \cellx8712\pard\plain \ltrpar\s26\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 
\tx5103\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid12784045 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11884651 JUDGMENT}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13904135  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4681459\charrsid4681459 OF }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14756303 HUGH WILLIAMS, CJ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4681459\charrsid4681459  \cell 
}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4681459\charrsid4681459 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh650\trleft-108\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8820\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid11235107\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8820\clshdrawnil \cellx8712\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14638509 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\cf6\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid4681459\charrsid12397942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\cf6\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid5533549 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs16\cf6\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16149295 108}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\cf6\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12784045 .dss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs16\cf6\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid4681459\charrsid12397942 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\cf6\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid70178\charrsid12397942 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li706\ri0\sb360\sa240\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin706\itap0\pararsid1711599 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15748473 [1]:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1711599 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15748473 
For the reasons appearing in this judgment and the report of Savage, J of 2 April 2020, there will be Orders}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9066346  under s 390A of the Cook Islands Act 1915}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid1711599  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9066346 (NZ)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15748473 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-821\li1527\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1527\itap0\pararsid1711599 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15748473      (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1711599 \tab T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15748473 
hat the Succession Orders made on 11 September 1996 in Land Application 217/95 be cancelled in relation to the lands Emma Moetaua received from her adopted family, being those listed in the intituling to this application; and
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-821\li1530\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1530\itap0\pararsid1711599 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15748473      (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1711599 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15748473 That the part of Land Application 217/95 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9066346 which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15748473 relat}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9066346 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15748473  to those lands be reheard for evidence to be given as to the Native custom relevant to those lands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid9066346  seen in the family and factual circumstances of those involved; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15748473 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li706\ri0\sb360\sa480\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin706\itap0\pararsid14513682 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9066346 [2]:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1711599 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9066346 That s 390A 9/15 continue to be adjourned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid9066346 sine die}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9066346 
 pending completion of Land Application 217/95 with leave being granted to the parties to bring the same on for hearing when appropriate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9066346\charrsid9066346 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb720\sa360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14513682 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13266194\charrsid13266194 Application}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9598227  and Procedural}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13266194\charrsid13266194 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid15483359 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4481902 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15483359 On }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13266194 
9 July 2015 Tuapikepike Poreti Samuel, the abovenamed applicant, applied under s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14438477 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13266194 390A of the Cook Islands Act 1915 (NZ)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid13266194 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid9598227 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid13266194 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13266194  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16596093 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13266194 With the application also relying on ss 446 and 465.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13266194  for an order cancelling }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13794798 or amending }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13266194 a succession order made on 11 September 1966 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11683982 in Land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid675167 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11683982 pplication 217/95 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13266194 on the lands listed in the intituling to the interest of Emma Moetaua, those succeeding being Taupini John Teariki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid675167 , Oteniera John Teariki, Tereemi}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid3096646 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid9598227 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid3096646 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3096646  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598227 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3096646 Also Tereni & Tereimi: v MB 99/77}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9598227 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid675167 
 John Teariki, Rimatutoko Terai John Teariki, John John Teariki, and Vaiora}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid675167\charrsid675167  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid675167 John Teariki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid136871 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid9598227 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid136871 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid136871  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11164513 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid136871 See fn 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11164513 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14438477 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11683982\charrsid11683982 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid13266194 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13266194 
The grounds of the application included that the succession to Emma Moet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146 aua was not in accordance with N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13266194 ative custom as required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11683982  by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13266194  ss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14438477 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13266194 446 and 465 of the Cook Islands Act 1915;  th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10910146 e land should have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid462223  been succeeded to in accordance with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146  N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13266194 ative custom following Emma Moetaua
\rquote s death without issue;  and those who succeeded were not connected by blood to the sour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146 ce of the lands as required by N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13266194 ative custom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11683982 , custom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13266194  which should have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11683982 led }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13266194 
the land reverting to the source of the land or next of kin, not the next of kin of a non}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4594264 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13266194 blood adopted child.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15483359\charrsid13266194 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid11683982 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11683982 On 21 July 2015, Mrs Browne, counsel for the \'93
landowners\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid3096646 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid9598227 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid3096646 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3096646  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598227 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3096646 See fn 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9598227 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1514731 , filed a notice of opposi
tion relying on earlier decisions concerning this much-litigated succession.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11683982\charrsid4594264 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid3096646 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3022000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3096646 Following referral}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9066346  to the Land Division }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3096646 on 8 June 2016 under s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1711599 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3096646 390A(3), this a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid462223 pplication}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid1118497  was heard by Savage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598227 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid1118497 J on 10 October 2019}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid7025683 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid9598227 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid7025683 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16596093 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7025683 With Mr Mason and Mrs Carr apparently both appearing for the applicant.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid1118497  and, following receipt of final submissions, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid462223 the Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid1118497  reported to the Chief Justice on 2 April 2020}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid462223 
 recommending cancellation of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3096646 at part of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid462223  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3096646 succession order made on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid462223 11 September 1966}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3096646  in 217/95}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6707631  as related to the \'93lands Emma [Moetaua] received from her adopted family\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3096646  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid462223  and its rehearing so evidence of appropriate Native custom could be adduced.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1118497  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14438477  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7363074 Savage, J\rquote s report}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1118497  is incorporated herein}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16149295 
 together with the documents listed in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7363074 its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16149295 paragraphs [65](b)-(e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13336184 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10103017 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3022000 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid1711599 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1711599 In accordance with s\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8526151\charrsid3022000 390A(8)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3096646\charrsid3022000 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8526151\charrsid3022000 
 as the order under challenge was made more than five years before the filing of this application, before part of 217/1995}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid3096646 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid9598227 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid3096646 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3096646  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598227 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6707631 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3096646 217/95}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6707631  Emma Moetaua sought Succession Orders to 19 parcels of land, including th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8410043 e 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9598227  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6707631 in the intituling.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9598227  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6707631  One of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9066346  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3022000 other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9066346 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6707631 
 was deleted during the hearing (MB 99/76)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9066346 , the application re Tutakimoa 14E was consented to and the subsequent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9598227  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9066346 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6707631 itigation only related to the 8 parcels in the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9066346 above }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6707631 intituling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8410043 : }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6707631 MB 99, MB 28/156,162 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid288942 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6707631 
 LAC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9598227  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8410043 21, p1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9598227 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1711599   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3022000 Only the Register of Title for Tutakimoa 14E s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1711599 howing the succession to those }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3022000 listed in [1] was in evidence in this case bu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1711599 t there was evidence that the RO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3022000 Ts for the remaining lands showed the same succession.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8526151\charrsid3022000  could be ordered to be reheard it was necessary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8410043\charrsid3022000 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8526151\charrsid3022000  the consent of the Queen
\rquote s Representative be obtained to the orders proposed.  The Queen\rquote s Representative\rquote s consent was sought on 2 April 2020 (NZT) and was given by His Excellency on 10 February 2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid8526151 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid8526151 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid8526151 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8526151  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8526151 
Received by Chief Justice on 25 March 2021.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8526151\charrsid3022000  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe5129\langnp1033\insrsid8526151\charrsid3022000 with no conditions being imposed.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8526151\charrsid3022000 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid8526151 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8526151 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8526151 Receipt of the report also led to the delivery of a \'93provisional\'94
 judgment on 8 September 2020, and that, in its turn, led to a query as to its status}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598227 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7363074\charrsid8526151 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid7363074 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7363074 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7363074 Minute (No.2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid7363074 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid9598227 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid7363074 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7363074  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16398968 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7363074 Issued 7 October 2020.}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7363074  dealt with the issue of the \'93provisional\'94 Judgment in the following way:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri770\sb360\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin770\lin709\itap0\pararsid7363074 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7363074\charrsid10772683 [7]\tab 
On 1 October 2020 Mrs Browne, counsel for the respondents, wrote querying whether the \'9320 working days for appeal starts from [1 October 2020] unless a \'93provisional judgment\'94 is not a \'93judgment\'94 in terms of the Article 60(4)\'94.
\par [8]\tab Judgments which contain an indicated possible order and which require the consent of the Queen\rquote s Representative because their subject matter brings them within s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7363074 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7363074\charrsid10772683 390A(8) are described as \'93provisional,\'94 for lack of a more apt term, because they do no more than indicate the Chief Justice\rquote s then view of the appropriate outcome of the s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7363074 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7363074\charrsid10772683 390A application and give His Exc
ellency the necessary background on which his consent is sought.  They are also described as \'93provisional\'94 because His Excellency may decline consent or amend the \'93provisional judgment\'94 in some way.
\par [9]\tab If His Excellency consents, whether conditionally or unconditionally, the \'93provisional judgment\'94 is then perfected and a final judgment delivered.  Though, out of respect for the Queen\rquote s Representative\rquote 
s involvement, the ultimate order will always be the same as that indicated in the \'93provisional judgment\'94, the way in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8410043  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid7363074\charrsid10772683 which the final judgment is worded may vary from the \'93provisional judgment\'94 as a result of the iterative process by which judgments reach their final form}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid9598227 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7363074\charrsid10772683 
\par [10]\tab It is the judgment delivered following completion of the Queen\rquote s Representative consent process and the receipt of His Excellency\rquote s consent which, if it contains order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8410043 s,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7363074\charrsid10772683  are \'93orders\'94 or \'93final orders\'94 within the meaning of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7363074 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid7363074\charrsid10772683 390A(2).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri770\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin770\lin709\itap0\pararsid7363074 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7363074\charrsid10772683 [11]\tab 
It is accordingly the delivery of that final judgment which concludes the s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7363074 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7363074\charrsid10772683 390A
 application in the High Court to that point and the time for appeal therefore runs from delivery of that final judgment.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri5\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin5\lin0\itap0\pararsid3358659 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3358659\charrsid3358659 Savage J\rquote s report
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3358659 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 After reviewing the contrasting stances of the parties, Savage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598227 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 J noted that the \'93succession of Emma Moetaua to her adopted mother Tuokura Maeva has been the subject of well-known decisions before the Courts\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid11164513 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid7025683 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16596093 \tab }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7025683 At [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8410043 , [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9598227 .}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659  starting in 1968 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13794798\charrsid3358659 continu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 ing }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1514731\charrsid3358659 down to 2007 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 through a number of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13794798\charrsid3358659 regularly-cited}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659  cases before both the High Court and the Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid11164513 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid7025683 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16596093 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7025683 The case references appear in Savage J
\rquote s report to which were appended }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3022000 three}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7025683  earlier decisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3022000  and the transcript of the 11 March 1996 hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7025683 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 
After reviewing the earlier litigation, noting the primacy of Native custom under ss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14438477\charrsid3358659 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 446 and 465}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1514731\charrsid3358659  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 Article 66A of the Constitution of the Cook Islands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid11164513 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid7025683 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16596093 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7025683 As considered in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid410467 Browne v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14513682 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid410467  Mun}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3358659 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid410467 koa}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7025683 , CICA CA 1/16, 14 February 2017, a decision confirmed in the Privy Council.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 
, Savage J went on to note the sources of custom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1514731\charrsid3358659 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 in the absence of an opinion from a duly constituted Aronga Mana}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1514731\charrsid3358659 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13794798\charrsid3358659 as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1514731\charrsid3358659 found in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659  the House of Ariki Papers of 1970 and 1977, the Koutu Nui Paper of 1977 and the Commission }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13794798\charrsid3358659 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 Inquiry }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1514731\charrsid3358659 Into Lands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 Report of 1996}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1514731\charrsid3358659 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6170731\charrsid3358659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 Savage J }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1514731\charrsid3358659 then}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8410043  summaris}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8410043  the situation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid11164513 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid7025683 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16596093 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7025683 At [35]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8410043 , [27]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7025683 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4594264 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri680\sa300\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin680\lin709\itap0\pararsid6629686 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3358659\charrsid3358659 [35]\tab 
Both parties accepted the
 findings of the Courts in 1968, that the adoption of Emma Moetaua had matured, and she was entitled to succeed to her adopted mother without restriction.  However, the present case is concerned with quite different circumstances, where the adopted child 
subsequently dies without issue, effectively bringing an end to the family line.  The question is whether the adopted child\rquote 
s natural next of kin should be entitled to succeed to lands, regardless of the fact they were received from the adopted family, or whether such lands should return to their source for the appropriate successors to then be determined.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3358659\charrsid6629686 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6629686 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 The Judge then discussed Native custom as it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1514731\charrsid3358659 ap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 plies }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13794798\charrsid3358659 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 
 natural children}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8410043 , noted that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid11164513 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid7025683 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16596093 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7025683 At [43].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6170731 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li706\ri677\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin677\lin706\itap0\pararsid14513682 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3358659\charrsid3358659 \'93
It appears well-recognised custom therefore, that
 where natural children die without issue, the lands return to the source from which they came.  If that person is deceased, the lands go to the next of kin of that source, excluding those who have left the family or tribe.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14513682 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8410043 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3358659\charrsid3358659 conclud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8410043 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid3358659\charrsid3358659 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid3358659 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid3358659 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3358659  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3358659 At [48].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3358659\charrsid3358659  that:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6629686  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3358659 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li706\ri677\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin677\lin706\itap0\pararsid3358659 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3358659\charrsid3358659 \'93
where a person dies without issue, their lands revert to their source, regardless of whether they are adopted\'94.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3358659 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025683\charrsid3358659 The Judge then re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 
counted the essentials of the factual background to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3022000 217/95 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 this application noting that, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid410467\charrsid3358659 despite }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 the extensive litigation concerning the succession under challenge in this matter \'93what is most remarkable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13794798\charrsid3358659 \'85 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 is that none of those decisions have addressed the central issue regarding the custom where an adopted child dies without issue\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid11164513 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid10910146 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16596093 
\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10910146 At [55].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13266194 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11345800 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 In considering the custom of reversion of lands to the source, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13794798\charrsid3358659 Judge\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 report comments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid11164513 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid10910146 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16596093 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10910146 At [57].}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li706\ri677\sa480\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin677\lin706\itap0\pararsid11345800 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3358659\charrsid3358659 [57]\tab The respondents
\rquote  argument, that the custom of reversion of lands to the source does not apply 
as Emma Moetaua had natural next of kin, may well be misconceived.  If we consider how the custom operates, we can see that its application is not altered where the person is adopted.  For example, where a person dies without issue but leaves brothers and
 sisters, in applying the custom of reversion to source, their interests in the land can be succeeded to by their brothers and sisters.  At a detailed level, that person\rquote 
s interests return to their source (likely their parent) and the successors are then de
termined by reference to that source.  Naturally, if that parent has other children, the interests are then available to those other children.  Therefore, while in practice the interests are succeeded to by the deceased\rquote 
s siblings, that is only because of 
their connection to the source of the land.  For an adopted person who dies without issue, the lands would also return to the source.  If that source is their adopted parent, the successors would then be determined by reference to that source.  Accordingl
y
, if the adopted person (not of the blood) has natural siblings or next of kin, they will not have a connection to the source of the land and would not be entitled to succeed.  To put it another way, where an adoption has matured, the adopted child is acc
epted as part of the kin group.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11345800 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 The Judge\rquote s conclusion from that careful consideration was that \'93
the Native custom to be applied where a person dies without issue is reversion to the source of the land\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid11164513 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid10910146 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16596093 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10910146 At [60].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659  but that, in the present case, it appears the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid410467\charrsid3358659 \'93O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 
rder in issue here was not supported by any evidence before that court as to Native custom\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid11164513 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid10910146 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16596093 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10910146 At [61].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3358659 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 He therefore recommended that the 11 September 1966 order be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8410043 partially }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 cancelled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8410043 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659  \'93
in relation to those lands Emma received from her adopted family}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8410043 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid11164513 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid10910146 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16596093 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10910146 At [62].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3022000 further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 recommended that the \'93matter be set down for a rehearing so that the parties and their successors be required to squarely address Native custom with the appropriate evidence\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid11164513 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid10910146 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16596093 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10910146 At [63].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10910146\charrsid3358659 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid266551\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11345800 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid266551\charrsid3358659 The provisional Judgment then said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9598227 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1080\ri763\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin763\lin1080\itap0\pararsid4220081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4220081\charrsid4220081 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid10910146\charrsid4220081 Savage J\rquote s careful analysis of the background}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid410467\charrsid4220081  of, and the authorities related to,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid10910146\charrsid4220081  this much-debated succession is perceptive and persuasive, and the present Chief Justice is minded to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4002588\charrsid4220081  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid10910146\charrsid4220081 accept the recommendation that the order of 11 September 1996 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid410467\charrsid4220081 in 217/1995}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid675167\charrsid4220081  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid10910146\charrsid4220081 be cancelled.  Strictly, as that order will leave that portion of application 217/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid410467\charrsid4220081 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid10910146\charrsid4220081 95 which related to the lands described in the intituling to this application undecided, it is unn
ecessary to order a rehearing of that aspect of 217/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid410467\charrsid4220081 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid10910146\charrsid4220081 
95 but, out of an abundance of caution, there will be an order that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid410467\charrsid4220081 , as Savage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3358659\charrsid4220081 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid410467\charrsid4220081 J recommended,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid10910146\charrsid4220081  that portion of 217/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid410467\charrsid4220081 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid10910146\charrsid4220081 95 be reheard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1118497\charrsid4220081 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid410467\charrsid4220081 
 solely for evidence as to the relevant Native custom to be given}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\fs22\super\insrsid410467\charrsid4220081 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid11164513 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid410467 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid410467  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6170731 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid410467 Although}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid13794798 , given 24 years have passed since the order,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid410467  it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1118497 
is accepted that it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid410467 may be necessary for updating evidence to be given.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6170731  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid410467  Further, it is for the parties to application 217/1995 to decide what action, if any, should be taken with the balance of the application.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid14438477\charrsid4220081 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4220081\charrsid4220081 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid10910146\charrsid4220081 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12326251 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12326251 Discussion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1711599 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12326251  Decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12326251\charrsid12326251 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid12326251 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4481902 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12326251 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3490369  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2839774 
application wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3490369 s brought, as noted, pursuant to s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3358659 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3490369 390A which relevantly reads:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-450\li1440\ri770\sb240\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\ilvl3\adjustright\rin770\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1711599 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572 Where through any mistake, error, or omission 
whether of fact or of law however arising, and whether of the party applying to amend or not, the Land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8526151  [Division]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572 
 or the Land Appellate Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\fs22\super\insrsid9118234 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid15607152 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid9118234 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9118234  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15607152 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9118234 
Disestablished in favour of the Court of Appeal by the Constitution Amendment (No 9) Act 1980-1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid4220081 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572 
 by its order has in effect done or left undone something which it did not actually intend to do or leave undone, or something which it would not but for that mistake, error, or omission have done or left undone, or where the Land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8526151  [Division]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572  or the Land Appellate Court has decided any point of law erroneously, the Chief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid12676048 [Justice]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572 
 may, upon the application in writing of any person alleging that he is affected by the mistake, error, omission, or erroneous decision in point of law, make such order in the matter for the purp
ose of remedying the same or the effect of the same respectively as the nature of the case may require\u894\'3b and for any such purpose may, if he deems it necessary or expedient, amend, vary, or cancel any order made by the Land }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4089659 [Division]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572  or the Land Appellate Court, or revoke any decision or intended decision of either of those Courts.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-446\li1440\ri763\sb240\sa360\sl276\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin763\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4220081 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572 (2)\tab 
Any order made by the Chief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4089659 [Justice]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572  upon any such proceedings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid2649572\charrsid2649572  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572 amending, varying, or cancelling any prior order shall be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2649572\charrsid2649572  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572 subject to appeal in the same manner as any final order of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2649572\charrsid2649572  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572 Land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4089659 [Division]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572  but there shall be no appeal against the refusal to}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2649572\charrsid2649572  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572 make any such order.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-446\li1440\ri763\sb240\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin763\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3358659 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2649572\charrsid2649572 (3)\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572 The Chief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4089659 [Justice]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572 
 may refer any such application to the Land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2649572\charrsid2649572  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15607152 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4089659 Division]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572  for inquiry and report, and he may act upon that report}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2649572\charrsid2649572  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572 or otherwise deal with the application without holding formal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2649572\charrsid2649572  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2839774\charrsid2649572 
sittings or hearing the parties in open Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2839774 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-446\li1440\ri763\sb120\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin763\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3358659 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2649572 \'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-446\li1440\ri763\sb240\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin763\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2649572\charrsid2649572 (8)\tab 
This section shall extend and apply (with the exception hereinafter mentioned) to orders, whether made before or after the commencement of th
is section, save that in all cases where an order is dated more than 5 years previously to the receipt of the application under this section the Chief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4089659 [Justice]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid2649572\charrsid2649572  shall first obtain the consent of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4089659  [Queen\rquote s Representative]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2649572\charrsid2649572 
 before making any order hereunder. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2649572  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2649572\charrsid2649572 The Chief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4089659 [Justice]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2649572\charrsid2649572  shall nevertheless have full power without that consent to dismiss any such application or to refer it to the Land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4089659 
[Division]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2649572\charrsid2649572  for inquiry and report.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2649572 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 \'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-446\li1440\ri763\sb240\sa480\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin763\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10103017 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid14486246 (10)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid14486246 This section shall not apply to any order made upon investigation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid14486246 of title or partition save with regard to the relative interests}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid14486246 defined thereunder, but the provisions of this subsection shall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid14486246 
not prevent the making of any necessary consequential amendments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid14486246 with regard to partition orders.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid13918789 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid3022000 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3022000 Though not all of what follows is directly applicable to this application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5707250  \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9452129 though}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5707250  the presumptions and the reluctance to alter long-standing decisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9452129  certainly are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5707250  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1711599 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5707250  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1711599  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5707250 recounting of the correct approach to applications under s 390A is always of assistance.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14301358\charrsid14301358 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14301358\charrsid14301358 
The jurisdiction created by s\~390A ca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5707250 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14301358\charrsid14301358 
 be problematic, procedurally and substantively, but, in an effort to codify and clarify the operation of the section a paper was prepared}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid14301358 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \fi-630\li630\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid14301358 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid14301358 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14301358  \tab Discussion Paper: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14301358 5 November 2019.  Based, though slightly updated and amended, on }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14301358 Teariki v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14513682 . Sanderson, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14301358 CA 1/11, 19 October 2011 and numerous decisions since.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14301358\charrsid14301358  which contained the following passages:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri763\sb120\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin763\lin720\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 [4]\tab 
The jurisdiction conferred by s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1711599 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 390A is an important one.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659  It is similar to that conferred on the Chief Judge of the Maori Land Court in New Zealand by s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 45 Te Ture Whenua Maori Act 1993 (NZ) in relation to which the singularity of the jurisdictions is emphasised in the following passage:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1440\ri810\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin810\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 It is important to note 
that the jurisdiction provided to the Chief Justice in the Cook Islands by s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
390A Cook Islands Act 1915 and that provided to the Chief Justice of the Maori Land Court in New Zealand by s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
45 Te Ture Whenua Maori Act 1993 are not provided to the general Courts.  In fact they are unique to these two jurisdictions.
\par Unlike the general courts there is no time limit to question an order of the Court and at times the Chief Justice is required to cancel vary or amend an order of many years\rquote  standing.
\par The reasoning b
ehind these provisions is simply that both the Land Division of the Cook Islands Court and the Maori Land Court of New Zealand are titles courts.  They are Courts that establish who are the rightful title owners and the interests of those persons in the l
and.  The s\~390A jurisdiction enables the Chief Justice to ensure the integrity of title to land in the Cook Islands exists and can be relied on by the present owners and their successors.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri810\sa60\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin810\lin0\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri810\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin810\lin720\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 [5]\tab The }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 wide-ranging and largely unlimited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659  nature of the s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1711599 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 390A jurisdiction has been recognized by the Court of Appeal in the following passage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\fs20\super\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid14301358 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid14301358 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14301358  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14301358 Teariki v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14513682 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14301358  Sanderson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15299041 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14301358 at [42]-[45], [51], p2.  Underlining in original.  Section 390A gives the CJ power to make any order whether of fact or law however and whenever arising,
 including succession orders, orders revoking the same under s\~450, and even appellate decisions.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri810\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin810\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14301358 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \'93Section 390A is a very distinctive and 
important provision fashioned especially to provide an inexpensive and expeditious way to address alleged judicial error in land matters.  It is obvious from the wide scope of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1711599 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 390A that it was designed to allow for reconsideration and reversal if found appropriate of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 any order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659  of the Land Division}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa60\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14301358 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri770\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin770\lin720\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 [6]\tab 
Whether the two adjectives used by the Court of Appeal remain appropriate may be open to doubt since extensive \endash  and therefore expensive? \endash  research by all parties is a feature of most s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1711599 \~}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 390A applications
, and the necessity to comply with the numerous steps required by the section means it is common for applications take many years to conclude.  But the Court of Appeal was correct to emphasise the almost unique nature of the jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 [7]\tab Though the passage conflates the three main steps required by s\~390A in deciding whether to make orders under the section, \endash 
 (a) refers to the initial consideration, (b) to the second and (c) to the third}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\fs22\super\insrsid14301358 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid14301358 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid14301358 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14301358  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14301358 Et v  at [14] cited at [11] below.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659  \endash  the approach adopted by Chief Justices to applications over the years }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 under s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1711599 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 390A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 has been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\fs22\super\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid14301358 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid14301358 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14301358  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14301358 Cited in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14301358 Teariki v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15299041 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14301358  Sanderson}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14301358 , at [31], p14-15, despite some duplications and slightly amended.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\ul\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-540\li1980\ri770\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin770\lin1980\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 (a)\tab 
The application is considered by the Chief Justice immediately on filing.  Some of the matters which the Applicant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
 address include:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 i.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-360\li2520\ri770\sb120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\ilvl1\adjustright\rin770\lin2520\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
There must be an arguable case, or the Applicant must establish a prima facie case, that there was a mistake, error or omission in the judgment complained of which requires the Court to remedy.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ii.\tab}If there is any delay in filing the application, an explanation as to the delay.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 iii.\tab}If there is an application to introduce new evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358  \endash  as there normally is \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 Applicant must satisfy the Chief Justice why it was not tendered at the hearing that gave rise to the judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 
, an unusual requirement given the orders under challenge were often made many years before.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 iv.\tab}
The Respondent is given an opportunity to respond to the application, and the Chief Justice considers any further evidence supplied.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14301358 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 v.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
f the Applicant fails to provide a satisfactory excuse for the delay in filing the application and if the Chief Justice is satisfied that the Applicant has failed to establish a prima facie case the application is dismissed at the outset. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 To avoid possible intrusion on persons\rquote  property rights }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 \endash  or claimed rights 
\endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 is an unusual result at this stage.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-630\li2070\ri770\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin770\lin2070\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
If the Applicant is able to establish a prima facie case, and the Chief Justice is satisfied with the explanation as to the delay in 
filing the application, the Chief Justice normally refers the application to a Justice of the Land Division for inquiry and report pursuant to 390A(3).  On such references [full] hearings are often held \'93
involving new evidence, additional argument and another considered appraisal of all aspects of the case\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\fs22\super\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid14301358 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid14301358 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14301358  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14301358 Teariki v. Sanderson, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14301358 at [51], p22.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-634\li2074\ri770\sb120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin770\lin2074\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
Thereafter, on considering the report, the Chief Justice decides whether to adopt the report and recommendation of the Land Division or what other order may be appropriate.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li2074\ri634\sb120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin634\lin2074\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri770\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin770\lin720\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 [8]\tab 
A limitation on the jurisdiction is that the approach to adjudicating on each stage of a s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
390A application is that they are not to be regarded as applications for rehearing, the equivalent of an appeal or justified because the losing party disagrees with the recommendation in a Land Division report.  They are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid14301358 substantive applications }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 to be dealt with in accordance with the following principles:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1440\ri763\sb240\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin763\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
The burden of proof rests on the applicant to prove that there was a mistake, error or omission in relation to the order in question which satisfies the grounds in s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 390A.  It is well-established from previous cases that this burden is not easily satisfied.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\super\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 Discharging that burden must also satisfy the following criteria.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid6840898 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-720\li2131\ri770\sb120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin770\lin2131\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
The Chief Justice needs to review the evidence given at the original hearing and weigh it against the evidence produced by the applicant (and any evidence in opposition) at any s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 390A hearing;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}The principle of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 Ommia Praesumuntur Rite Esse Acta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659  (everything is presumed to have been done lawfully unless there is evidence to the contrary)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358  applies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 .  Therefore, in the absence of a patent defect in the order, there is a presumption that the order made was correct;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}
Evidence given at the time the order was made, by persons more closely related to the subject matter in both time and knowledge, is deemed to have been correct;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}The burden of proof is on the applicant to rebut the two presumptions above.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1411\ri763\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin763\lin1411\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 It is also worth noting that s
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
390A stands in direct contrast to the well-established principle of finality and certainty of decisions.  As such, the power to amend orders should only be exercised in exceptional circumstances as:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\super\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-706\li2117\ri763\sb120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin763\lin2117\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 These principles}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358  \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
 make it clear that the general intent of the legislation is that orders of the Court should be binding and conclusive on all parties and that the applications to the Chief Justice are made 
only in exceptional circumstances where the applicant can show a clear mistake or error in the original order which the Chief J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 ustice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
 deems necessary or expedient to remedy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\fs22\super\insrsid14301358 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid14301358 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid14301358 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14301358  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14301358 An observation fortified by the fact that decisions dismissing (or refusing: s\~
390A(2)) applications under the section, and so confirming the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14301358 status quo ante,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14301358 
 are unappealable.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \li1440\ri763\sb240\sa480\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin763\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14301358 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Also,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs22\insrsid14301358 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid14301358 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 390A(8) requires the consent of the Queen\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s Representative before making an order when the application has been filed over five years after the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid14301358 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 maki\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 ng of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 order complained of.  This reinforces the need for certainty and the conclusive nature of orders, especially those affecting title}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\f0\fs22\super\insrsid14301358 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid14301358 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid14301358 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14301358  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14301358 Et v fn [16].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid3358659 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid14301358 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14301358\charrsid14301358 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14301358 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14301358\charrsid14301358 That approach has since been glossed in the following two passages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid14301358 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid14301358 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid14301358 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14301358  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14301358 Hosking v. Marearai, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14301358 
Judgment (No.3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14513682 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14301358  8 July 2020, at [12] & [14].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14301358\charrsid14301358 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14301358 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14301358\charrsid14301358 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14301358\charrsid14301358 
The first is a consideration of what Parliament may have intended to achieve by enacting the referral and reporting provisions in s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15299041 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14301358\charrsid14301358 390A(3):
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li706\ri763\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin763\lin706\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 [27]\tab 
The first purpose must been to free Chief Justices from the necessity to hold the frequently lengthy and complex hearings the numerous s\~
390A applications require, delegate that power to Land Division Judges steeped in the intricacies of Cook Islands and Maori land law, and thus gain the double advantage of one person not having to hear every s\~
390A application and obtaining access to the expertise of the Land Division Judges.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li706\ri763\sa480\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin763\lin706\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 [28]\tab 
The second purpose, consequent on the first, is that, although the ultimate decision on any s\~390A application is for the Chief Justice alone, appropriate weight should be accorded the reports of such experienced Judges \endash 
 particularly where they have reached views on credibility after hearing witnesses \endash  so their conclusions and r
ecommendations are likely to be adopted by Chief Justices unless parties can point to errors in their reports which vitiate their findings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid9898288 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14301358\charrsid14301358 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10103017 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14301358\charrsid14301358 In summary:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li706\ri763\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin763\lin706\itap0\pararsid10103017 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid16716072 [12]\tab 
For the reasons set out above, applicants face considerable barriers to the success of applications under s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15299041 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid16716072 
390A given the onus of proof and the applicable presumptions discussed in the authorities.  To those hurdles}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358  \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid16716072 
 must be added the fact that conclusions and recommendations reached by a Judge who is intimately familiar with the types of issues 
for decision and who has had the opportunity of seeing, hearing and evaluating the credibility and reliability of witnesses and reaching a recommendation following full submissions of the parties\rquote 
 legal representatives are well-known as being hard to overcome.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li706\ri590\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin590\lin706\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 \'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li706\ri763\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin763\lin706\itap0\pararsid14301358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358 [14]\tab There is no doubt that s\~
390A is a difficult measure procedurally for all those involved; applicants, opponents, Land Division Judges, Chief Justices and, where appropriate, the Queen\rquote s Representative.  One of the reasons is that the section fa
ils to set out clearly what should happen at the several stages of the application; prior to applying; once the application is filed, especially if it is opposed; what indicia are relevant to a decision to dismiss the application or refer it to the Land D
ivision for enquiry and report; what factors impinge on the Land Division\rquote 
s consideration of referred applications; and how Land Division recommendations should be actioned, especially if further action is recommended.  The factors relevant to the manner in which applications for the Queen\rquote 
s Representative consent in qualifying applications should be considered and acted upon also do not clearly appear from the section.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14301358\charrsid14301358 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid3490369 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4481902 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3490369 Applying those principles,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4002588 
 though without pre-judging the outcome of the recommended rehearing, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3490369 Savage J\rquote s detailed consideration of the issues surrounding adoption generally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6561965 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3490369  and the adoption of Emma Moetaua in particular}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6561965 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3490369  strongly suggest the Judge
\rquote s recommendation should be adopted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7302404 , especially as perusal of the evidence in 217/95 shows an emphasis on relationships but almost nothing about the custom relevant to the application}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3490369 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid3490369 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}Indeed, in the 3 October 1957 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4002588 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3490369 ppellate decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4002588  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4002588 re Moeau deceased }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\i\super\insrsid4002588 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-630\li630\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid15607152 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid4002588 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4002588  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15607152 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid4002588 3 October 1957, Appeals 196,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15607152  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid4002588 197,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15607152  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid4002588 199,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15607152  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid4002588 200}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15607152 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid4002588  AMB2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15607152 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid4002588  p 392}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15607152 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3490369 , the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5707250 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3490369  after making the comments to which Savage J referred, noted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid3490369 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-630\li630\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid6629686 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid3490369 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3490369  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6629686 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3490369 Para 5.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3490369  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304 that \'93
when the applications for succession to Moeau were heard in the Native Land Court, no evidence of custom relating to the adopted children was tendered but at the rehearing [there was] a brief outline of custom\'94 referring to Judge Ayson\rquote s }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2845235 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304 otes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2845235  on Adoptions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid2845235 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-630\li630\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid13244117 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid2845235 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2845235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13244117 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid2845235 MB 22/319}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid13244117 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3490369 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid13645304 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10103017 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304 Further, as Savage J noted, in the 29 May 1968 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2845235 d}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304 ecision in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2845235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2845235 Succession to Tuokura Maeva, Deceased }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\i\super\insrsid2845235 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-630\li630\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid13244117 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid2845235 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2845235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13244117 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid2845235 MB 28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid5707250 /}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid2845235 156}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid13244117 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304  the judgment contains a scholarly historical narrative \endash  some decisions in which were rejected as lacking legal authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid13645304 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-630\li630\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid13244117 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid13645304 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6629686 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13645304 Para 13, p3.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13244117  \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13244117  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304 a review of the evidence in the case before Chief Judge Morgan which, after referring to some \'93rumours}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2845235 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13645304 \'94 held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid13645304 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-630\li630\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid13244117 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid13645304 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6629686 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13645304 Para 19, p4.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2845235 \'93H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304 owever, rumours are not proof and the evidence \'85 of Emma falls far short of the proof the court require
s to establish that blood relationship does, in fact, exist.  The court must, therefore, and will, treat Emma as an adopted child not related by blood to her foster parent.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2845235 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304 nd then passed to a consideration of who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2845235 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304  of the members of the foster parent\rquote s 
family would be entitled to succeed if no adoption had taken place}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid13645304 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \fi-630\li630\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid13244117 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid13645304 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6629686 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13645304 Para 34, p6.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2845235 , b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304 efore reaching the following conclusion:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri763\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin763\lin720\itap0\pararsid11345800 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid11345800 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid13645304\charrsid4357714 In the present case, the evidence clearly shows the wishes of the foster parent, there is no family from Tairiterangi to consult
, the adopted child has not been cast out and the objection by the Ariki has been disallowed.  It is doubtful if the next of kin }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2845235 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid13645304\charrsid4357714  Tuokura a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2845235 re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13645304\charrsid4357714  related }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2845235 
closely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13645304\charrsid4357714 enough to raise a valid objection to the applicant\rquote s claims but in any case they have not done so.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri763\sa480\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin763\lin720\itap0\pararsid14513682 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15270976 Eight}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid2845235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15270976 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13645304\charrsid4357714 uccession orders will therefore be made in favour of Emma Moetaua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid11345800 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13645304\charrsid4357714 \'94
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid5707250 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4148173 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5707250 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304 n appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid15270976 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-630\li630\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid13244117 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid15270976 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15270976  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13244117 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15270976 Relating to all the lands in the intituling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid13323968  in 390A 8/15 except Tutakimoa 14E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14513682  which, as noted, was unopposed.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304  to the Land Appellate Court, an appeal by Makea Nui Teremoana Ariki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid13645304 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \fi-630\li630\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid13244117 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\super\insrsid13645304 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6629686 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13645304 Land Appellate Court, Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15270976  150.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13645304  21}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15270976 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5707250 /75-8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15270976 ? }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15299041  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15270976 Undated but clearly post 29.5.68, said by Savage J to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13244117 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15270976 elivered in 1968}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13244117 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15270976 p2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13645304 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304 , the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15270976 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304 ourt held, in relation to the legislative direction to apply Native custom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15270976 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13645304 
 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li706\ri763\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin763\lin706\itap0\pararsid4148173 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13645304\charrsid4357714 \'93
the difficulty is to determine what is the Native custom applicable in any particular circumstances.  No evidence has been produced in this appeal, or in the application for succession, from which the Court can adduce a relevant set of rule
s relating to adoption.  Authorities agree that rights acquired by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4357714\charrsid4357714 
adoption have always been a matter of contention.  What is claimed to be Native custom varies from island to island, from village to village and even from family to family.  There are also 
different kinds of an adoption and adoptions pass through various degrees.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid13645304\charrsid4357714 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li709\ri770\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin770\lin709\itap0\pararsid4357714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4357714\charrsid4357714 
But this Court for the purposes of this decision does not need to express its opinion as to what is the complete Native custom in relation to adoption although it is sure that, for 
the guidance and help of all persons concerned, some authoritative statement in the matter is highly desirable.  It would appear that at this stage the legislature is the only body which can make that statement\'94.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15270976 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12414835 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714 
nd then}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15270976 , in dismissing the appeal, said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714  \'93in order to succeed the app}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15270976 ell}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714 ant must convince this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15270976 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714 
ourt that a legally adopted child has no right at all in any circumstances to unconditional succession and this the appellant has not done\'94.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid15607152 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15607152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15607152 Further to the citations from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15607152 Emma Moetaua }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15607152 litigation itself, it is to be noted that the Privy Council, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15607152 Browne v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14513682 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15607152  Munokoa }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\i\super\insrsid15607152 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\ql \fi-630\li630\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid15607152 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs29\super\insrsid15607152 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15607152  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15607152 [2018] UKPC 18, at 16, 17 and 28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid418138 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15299041  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid5707250 Emphasis in original}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8534963 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid418138  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15299041  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid418138 See also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15299041 Short v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid14513682 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15299041  Whittaker, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid418138 CA 3/03, 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15299041 \~}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid418138 October 2003, especially at [26].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15607152   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15607152 observed of custom that:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10103017  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15607152 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-79\li706\ri677\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin677\lin706\itap0\pararsid15607152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15607152\charrsid12918501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12918501\charrsid12918501 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12918501 16.   \'85  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12918501\charrsid12918501 
In England, custom is a derogation from the ordinary law of the land.  But Native custom concerning land tenure and succession to land in the Cook Islands is not a derogation from the law of the land.  Subject to statute, it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid5707250 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12918501\charrsid12918501  the law of the land. \'85 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12918501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid12918501\charrsid12918501 The need for evidence in these circumstances is not conceptual or legal, but purely practical.  The custom has not been codified.  It is not necessarily uniform across the different islands and tribes \'85}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12918501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12918501\charrsid12918501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li706\ri677\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin677\lin706\itap0\pararsid15607152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12918501\charrsid12918501 17.   \'85
 The relevant customary law was, however, often obscure, locally variable, changeable over time, and open to dispute.  In theory, the Land Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12918501 
 merely ascertained the custom.  It did not create it.  \'85
\par \'85
\par 28.  The result is that the following points of customary law may be regarded as settled, so far as the case law goes:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-450\li1710\ri677\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin677\lin1710\itap0\pararsid15607152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12918501 (1)\tab 
The view of customary law on the succession rights of adopted children has stabilised around the account of Cook Islands custom by Chief Judge Morgan in the first }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid5707250 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12918501  case.  Subsequent disputes on the points covered by that decision have commonly been resolved by reference to it.
\par (2)\tab There is no objection in principle to the succession of a non-blood adoptee to the lands of his adoptive parents.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-450\li1710\ri677\sa480\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin677\lin1710\itap0\pararsid15607152 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12918501 (3)\tab The mere fact of 
adoption, however, is not enough to confer succession rights on an adopted child who is not of the blood.  Unless land has been lawfully set aside for the adopted child, the adoption must be \'93completed\'94 or \'93matured\'94.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12918501\charrsid12918501 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid4357714 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4481902 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714 From all of that, it is apparent that, surprising as it may seem after such a lengthy period}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8534963 , despite the frequency with which the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8534963 Emma Moetaua }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8534963  decisions have been cited,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714  despite }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7157407 Art 66A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8534963 (3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7157407  of the Constitution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8534963 making custom and usage part of the law and despite}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7157407  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15299041 \~}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714 446 of the Cook }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7157407 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714 slands Act 1915}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7891793  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8534963 (NZ)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714  requiring }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8534963 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714 
succession to be determined in accordance with Native custom, so far as such custom extends}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8534963 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714 \'94
 in relation to this application to cancel or amend the succession orders to the lands described in the intituling to the interests of Emma Moetaua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7302404 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8534963 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7302404 review of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8534963 evidence in 217/95}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7302404 
 and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7302404 Emma Moetaua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8534963  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7302404 cases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8534963 
shows that Savage J was correct in his view that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714 there was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8534963  no,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8534963 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714 insufficient}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7302404 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714  evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14113887  in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14113887 Emma Moetaua }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14113887 decisions themselves}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7302404 and in 217/95 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714 to satisfy the requirement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14113887 for proof of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7302404 
whatever may have been the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14113887 custom applicable to the lands Emma Moetaua inherited from her adopted family.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14113887 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714 
ccordingly Savage J was correct in recommending that the 11 September 1996 be cancelled in relation to the lands Emma Moetaua received from her adopted family}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14113887  with that part of }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5982404 217/95 being}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714  set down for rehearing so the parties and their successors can \'93squarely address Native custom with the appropriate evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7302404 \'94. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15299041  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7302404 That evidence, when given at the rehearing,
 must not only meet the criteria for the custom at the time, but the judicial observations as to custom which have been delivered since.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid4357714 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}There will be orders accordingly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid418138  as detailed on p}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14513682 age 2 of this J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid418138 udgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16020794 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4357714 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15299041 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid418138\charrsid15299041 S 390A 9/15}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid418138\charrsid15299041 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid418138\charrsid15299041 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7891793 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid418138\charrsid15299041 On 9 July 2015 the prese
nt applicant filed a second application under s 390A seeking an order confirming a conveyance made on 27 March 1972 in proceedings involving the Cook Islands Government Property Corporation and Westpac Banking Corporation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15299041  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid418138\charrsid15299041  Those appearing in that matter have suggested that it awaits the outcome of this application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15299041  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid418138\charrsid15299041  It will continue to be adjourned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid418138\charrsid15299041 sine die }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid418138\charrsid15299041 
but, 8/15 now be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16020794\charrsid15299041 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid418138\charrsid15299041  complete, leave is granted to those involved to bring 9/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16020794\charrsid15299041 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid418138\charrsid15299041 5 on for hearing if thought appropriate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10103017\charrsid7891793 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15483359 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15483359 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4071799 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid5124682 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qc \li0\ri0\sb120\sa240\widctlpar\tx7275\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4071799 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9137637 Hugh Williams, CJ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13597390\charrsid15861532 
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