{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial{\*\falt Arial Narrow};}{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}
{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f36\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f38\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f49\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f50\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f52\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f53\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f54\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f55\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f56\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f57\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f59\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE{\*\falt Arial Narrow};}{\f60\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr{\*\falt Arial Narrow};}
{\f62\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek{\*\falt Arial Narrow};}{\f63\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur{\*\falt Arial Narrow};}{\f64\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew){\*\falt Arial Narrow};}
{\f65\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic){\*\falt Arial Narrow};}{\f66\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic{\*\falt Arial Narrow};}{\f67\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese){\*\falt Arial Narrow};}
{\f69\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f70\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f72\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f73\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}
{\f74\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f75\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f76\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f77\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}
{\f389\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f390\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f392\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f393\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}
{\f396\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f397\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f409\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\f410\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}
{\f412\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\f413\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\f416\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\f417\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}
{\f419\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f420\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f422\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f423\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\f426\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f427\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f429\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}{\f430\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}
{\f432\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f433\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f434\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f435\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}
{\f436\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f437\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f438\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;
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\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 Normal;}{\s1\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brsp20 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 heading 1;}{\s2\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
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\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink50 \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid15019863 heading 3;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden \spriority0 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
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\sbasedon0 \snext15 \spriority0 Number;}{\s16\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext16 \ssemihidden \spriority0 Body Text;}{\s17\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri686\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls12\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin686\lin1418\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext17 \spriority0 First Indent;}{\s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx3969\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
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\slink28 \slocked \styrsid8470844 Footer Char;}{\s21\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl-220\slmult0\widctlpar\tx709\pvpg\phpg\posx2302\posy14113\dxfrtext181\dfrmtxtx181\dfrmtxty181\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon15 \snext21 \spriority0 solicitors;}{\s22\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
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\tx567\tx3969\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5387\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon18 \snext23 \spriority0 Matter;}{
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\b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon18 \snext25 \spriority0 Suppression;}{\*\cs26 \additive \f0\fs22 \spriority0 Party ref;}{\s27\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
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\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext28 \slink20 footer;}{
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\pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls11\pnrnot0\pndec }\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext32 \spriority0 Bullets;}{
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Heading;}{\s34\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\keepn\widctlpar\tx5103\tqr\tx8222\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon33 \snext15 \spriority0 Justice;}{\s35\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 
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\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6847263 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6847263 

\par }}{\footerl \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6847263 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6847263 1}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6847263 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6847263 
\par 
\par }}{\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 
{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6847263  PAGE   \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2309756 18}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6847263 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6847263 

\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tx567\tx3969\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8470844 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\insrsid4804884\charrsid10053802 In the }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid4804884\charrsid10053802 {\*\bkmkstart bkJurisdiction} FORMTEXT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid4804884\charrsid10053802 
{\*\datafield 00000000140000000e626b4a7572697364696374696f6e00000000000000000000000000}{\*\formfield{\fftype0\fftypetxt0\ffhps20{\*\ffname bkJurisdiction}}}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid4804884\charrsid10053802 High Court}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid8470844\charrsid10053802 {\*\bkmkend bkJurisdiction} of the cook islands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid4804884\charrsid10053802 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid10301310\charrsid10053802  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid8470844\charrsid10053802 (land Division)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8470844 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx3969\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2642040 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8470844 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8470844\charrsid8470844 
Application No:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8470844   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\insrsid2642040 691/14, 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\insrsid6816293 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\insrsid2642040 2/14, 693/14, 97/15, 98/15}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\insrsid8470844\charrsid10301310 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tx3969\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8470844 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4804884 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8470844 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s41\qj \fi-2552\li3970\ri0\widctlpar\tx3969\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3970\itap0\pararsid15946299 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8470844 IN THE MATTER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4804884 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10301310 of Sections 446, 465, 465A of the Cook Islands Act 1915}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4804884 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s41\ql \fi-2552\li3970\ri0\widctlpar\tx3969\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3970\itap0\pararsid4804884 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4804884 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8470844 AND
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s41\qj \fi-2552\li3970\ri0\widctlpar\tx3969\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3970\itap0\pararsid15946299 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8470844 IN THE MATTER:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4804884 \tab }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10301310 of the Estate of Richard Pare Browne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid4804884\charrsid8470844 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s41\ql \fi-2098\li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2098\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4804884 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4804884 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s41\qj \fi-2552\li3970\ri0\widctlpar\tx3969\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3970\itap0\pararsid15946299 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4804884 BETWEEN\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10301310 
RICHARD }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10301310\charrsid10301310 BROWNE AND TEPAREKURA BROWNE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4804884 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid10301310 First }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\insrsid14173237\charrsid14173237 Applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid10301310 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid4804884\charrsid14173237 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s41\ql \fi-2098\li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2098\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4804884 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4804884 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s41\ql \fi-2552\li3970\ri0\widctlpar\tx3969\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3970\itap0\pararsid15946299 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4804884 AND\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\insrsid10301310\charrsid10301310 NGAMAU MUNOKOA AND DIANE BROWNE HOLFORD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4804884 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid10301310 Second Applicants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\insrsid4804884\charrsid14173237 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s41\ql \fi-2552\li3970\ri0\widctlpar\tx3969\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3970\itap0\pararsid4804884 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4804884 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \fi-1418\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid4804884 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4804884 Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15946299 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4804884 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14688649 30 June 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4804884 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s41\ql \fi-2552\li3970\ri0\widctlpar\tx3969\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3970\itap0\pararsid4804884 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4804884 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7955465 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8470844 Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4804884 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7955465\charrsid7955465 Mrs T Carr for Applicants 97/15 & 98/15 and in opposition to 691/14, \tab \tab 692/14 & 693/14 }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6571428 
\par \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7955465\charrsid7955465 Mr T Manarangi for the Applicant and objector to 97/15 & 98/15
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \fi-1418\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid7955465 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4804884 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s39\ql \fi-1418\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8867587 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12921344 Decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4804884 :\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid998456 29 July 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15863434 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8867587 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8414\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \tx5103\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10301310 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15946299 JUDGMENT OF }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10301310 JUSTICE W W ISAAC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15863434 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15863434 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8414\clshdrawnil \cellx8306\row }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2830206 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2437327 {\*\bkmkstart bkBodyStart}{\*\bkmkend bkBodyStart}
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4204942 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4204942 Introduction
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3871941 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid666472 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3871941  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10356353 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5440076 ere are t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10356353 wo competing applications to succeed to Richard Pare Browne (the deceased) who died}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5440076  on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14894897  21 November 2005}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10356353  with no natural issue. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10356353\charrsid11228647 
The first applicants are Richard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10356353  and Teparekura Browne. Richard is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10356353\charrsid11228647  the deceased\rquote s adoptive child}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10356353 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10356353\charrsid11228647  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10356353 not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10356353\charrsid11228647  related in blood}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6960646  to the deceased. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10356353\charrsid11228647 Teparekura }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10356353 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10356353\charrsid11228647  the deceased\rquote 
s feeding child, related in blood but never formally adopted. The second applicants, Ngamau Munokoa and Dianne Holford, are the deceased\rquote s nieces}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3956904 
, being the children of the deceased Upokotokoa Wichman and Mani Browne, respectively}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10356353\charrsid11228647 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10356353 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 Background}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid11228647 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863\charrsid8197159 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid666472 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid8197159 The deceased and his wife, Kurai (also deceased) raised Richard from the age of three and formally adopted him when he was 16. Richard }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11273269 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  no blood connection to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8197159  his adoptive }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 parents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid8197159 . The deceased and his wife raised Teparekura }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11273269 from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8197159  birth as their feeding child, but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 never}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8197159  formally adopt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8197159 
 her. She is the natural daughter of the dece}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 ased\rquote s brother}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11273269 , Eric}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8197159 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}
No land was set aside for Richard at the time of his adoption. When applying for the adoption order, Kurai told the court that, despite the adoption, \'93boy will not get our lands\'94, and that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1009844 he}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  had already inherited \'93a number of his natural mother\rquote s lands\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Adoption of Richard Browne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  (1964) 26 Minute Book 127.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  When making the adoption order, the judge noted it was \'93[n]ot to affect succession to lands\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1313141 A}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  127.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863\charrsid8851692 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8851692 In 1973, }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 an occupation order was made in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8851692 Richard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 \rquote s favour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid8851692  o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 ver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8851692  a section of the Turamatuti section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
. The order was granted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8851692 after the deceased called a meeting to seek the family\rquote s agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 , which was forthcoming}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8851692 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  Affidavit of Richard Browne at [16]-[17].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8851692 
 In 1981, Richard converted his occupation right to a lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 , again}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8851692  with the support of the Browne family.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1313141 At}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  [21].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8851692  In 2007, a meeting of owners agreed to Richard\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696 request for a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7941964  five-year extension of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696 the l
ease. They consented to his plan to sublease the section and agreed that after the lease\rquote s expiry, the section would vest in his children.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1313141 At}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 
 [31].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696  However,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5506845  pursuant to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696  a vesting order on 19 February 2007 the land}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10312556  was vested to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10312556 Richard and his wife}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  Evidence of Ngamau Munokoa and Dianne Holford at [15].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}The parties a
gree that the deceased set aside land interests for Richard in his will. It appears that these interests were leaseholds, rather than shares in land.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 
 Submissions of Counsel for First Applicants at [64]; Affidavit of Richard Browne at [33]; Evidence of Ngamau Munokoa and Dianne Holford at [6], [18] and [19]}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696  In relation to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1652540 one of these}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13578045  leaseholds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1652540 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696 the deceased\rquote 
s orange plot, the second applicants note }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1652540 that the deceased and his brother had told the Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696 four years after Richard\rquote s adoption, that
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14310078 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  (1968) 28 Minute Book 226 at 227.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li709\ri543\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin709\itap0\pararsid15019863 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15019863\charrsid15019863 \'85
 if any question should arise as to who should succeed to his orange plot that it was his wish that it should go to his adopted daughter (not registered) Pare...
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696 They }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863 say}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 the deceased later willed this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696 
 leasehold land to Richard without any consultation with the blood family and the landowners.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863\charrsid9569696 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  Evidence of Ngamau Munokoa and Dianne Holford at [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1313141 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11865397 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 First applicants\rquote  submissions
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863 Succession by Richard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid15019863 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx0\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 Counsel for the first applicants submit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11281744 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  that Richard is entitled, under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11281744 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
ative custom, to succeed to the deceased and that the second applicants are not. Counsel relies }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1401013 on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  precedent set down by the Land Court in 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863 Succession to Tuokura Maeva deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref457556354}\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Succession to Tuokura Maeva deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  (1968) 28 Minute Book 156.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 {\*\bkmkend _Ref457556354} }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13578045 which was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863  upheld on appeal by the Land Appellate Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref457556370}\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Succession to Tuokura Maeva deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  (1970) Land Appellate Court, Appeal No 215.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 {\*\bkmkend _Ref457556370} For the sake of brevity I will refer to these }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13578045 two decisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  as the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid1401013 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1401013  decisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 . These }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13578045 decisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  held that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1401013 an adopted child not of the blood can}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 , under native custom,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1401013  succeed to their adoptive parents\rquote  interests}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1401013  their adoption has \lquote matured\rquote  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 through}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1401013  acceptance by the wider family}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 . 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 Counsel argues that Richard\rquote 
s adoption had so matured because the deceased, his siblings and their descendants accepted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423 Richard as a member of the family }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 during t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423 he deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423  life.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  Submissions of C
ounsel for First Applicants at [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1313141 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 Land was \'93set aside\'94
 for Richard by the deceased and his near relatives.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  Affidavit of Richard Browne at [64].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423  Richard\rquote s }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 closeness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423  to the family is demonstrated by the contributions he and his wife have made to important family events}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423  such as weddings and funerals.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1313141 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 
t [13], [32], [34]-[35].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid11603116 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11603116 Richard and Teparekura\rquote 
s succession to the deceased is supported by t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4750953 he \'93vast majority\'94 of the deceased\rquote s family (other than the Upokotokoa and Mani lines, represented by the second applicants, and}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  also one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4750953  member of the Akaiti Napa line), who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11603116 would be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid4750953 entitled to succeed were it not for the adoption.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  Submissions of Counsel for First Applicants at [64]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1313141 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4750953 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423 
The restriction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 s on succession on Richard\rquote s adoption order are not binding.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423  Kurai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11603116 
\rquote s statement has no legal weight because she}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423  was not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 someone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423 
 entitled to succeed to the deceased had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423  adoption order not been made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13924859 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 t [52].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11603116 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423 e Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 \rquote s notation on the order was without legal authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423 , as per }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11603116 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11603116  decisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1313141 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 t [37] and [55].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
In any case, the deceased and his wider family did not observe t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 se purported}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423 
 restriction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423 , given that land was set aside for Richard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  after the adoption}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1313141 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 t [54].}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}Richard\rquote s prior succession to his natural mother is irrelevant to his entitleme
nt to succeed to the deceased. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11603116 issue at hand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  is not about fairness or equity, but the correct application of custom.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1313141  At}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  [57] \endash  [60].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8010423 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863 Succession by Teparekura}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid15863434\charrsid15019863 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7952550 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 
Teparekura is entitled to succeed on both sets of applications. The difference is only whether she takes half a share (under the first application) or a small}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5506845 er}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 
 share (under the second application).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid7952550 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7952550 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1313141  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 t [67] \endash  [68].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550  Indeed, the reason }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 Teparekura was not formally adopted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5506845 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 because she was of the blood and therefore could already succeed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  Affidavit of Richard Browne at [12].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}Richard is entitled to succeed and he consents to Teparekura\rquote 
s inclusion in the succession order.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 The majority of the family }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5506845 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863 support Teparekura\rquote s succession to the deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5506845 in terms of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 Richard\rquote s application.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10045352 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11865397 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045352 Second applicants\rquote  submissions
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10045352 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid11865397 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10045352 Succession by Richard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10045352\charrsid10045352 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863 The second applicants submit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 their entitlement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  to succeed to the deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7486594 
 rests on the fact that he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  died without natural issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7486594  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
 they are his next of kin by blood being his siblings and their descendants.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  Closing Submissions of the Objectors at [3].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7952550 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 In contrast, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 Richard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 , as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  an adopted child }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
of the blood}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 can}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7952550 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 ucceed. Section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid2958013  465}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  of the Cook Islands Act 1915 stipulates that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid2958013 succession to lands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  by an adoptee is governed by native custom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid2958013 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  Under custom a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid2958013 blood connection is the only basis upon which an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  individual can succeed to land}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7486594 . This custom was confirmed by the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863 Short v Whittaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\super\insrsid7486594 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref457556586}\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Short v Whittaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  [2003] CKCA 7; CA 3/2003.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 {\*\bkmkend _Ref457556586} }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7486594 In that case, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 relied on papers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7486594 as to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863  native custom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7486594  relating to adoption}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  prepared by the House of Ariki and the Koutu Nui in the 1970s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 
 Closing Submissions of the Objectors at [95] and [98].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7486594 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7486594 The second applicants submit that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 he }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 facts upon which the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid11552935 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  decisions}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550  were based were materially different to this case:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1313141 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 t [21]-[25]}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s47 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af37\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s47\qj \fi-708\li1417\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1417\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1417\itap0\pararsid15019863\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The deceased was the last of her blood line. She had no next of kin to support, or object to, the applicant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s succession. This is clearly not the case here.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s47 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af37\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 b)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The deceased stated at the time of
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  adoption that she wished for the applicant to succeed to her land interests. No objections were made before or after the adoption.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7952550 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Whereas}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7952550 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 the family objected to Richard\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s succession at the time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7952550 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of adoption and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 the Court duly noted a restriction on t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he adoption order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7952550 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid7952550 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ubsequently, the family\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s position }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7952550 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 remains un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 changed.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863 The argument that the Court\rquote s restriction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 lacks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  legal authority is incorrect. I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid10777607 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid10777607  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid10777607 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7952550  decisions,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid10777607  the Court\rquote s restriction on succession in the adoption order had not been proposed by any blood relations or Emma\rquote s foster mother. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 Hence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid10777607 
, the restriction was found to lack legal authority. In the present case, where the blood relatives objected to succession at the time of adoption, the Court\rquote s authority derives from those objectors and so }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863 its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid10777607 restriction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 is binding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid10777607 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1313141 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 t [74] \endash  [81].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid10777607 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 The second applicants referred to the 
\'93second\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  decision,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  (1968) 28 Minute Book 293, 304.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  in which Emma\rquote 
s entitlement to succeed to one particular section was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 reduc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 ed to a life interest because}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 
, subsequent to the earlier decision,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  next of kin, who objected to her absolute succession, were found to exist.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  Closing Submissions of the Objectors at [33] \endash  [38].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid97768 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 The s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid11552935 econd applicants }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 also note that Richard has already succeeded to his natural mother and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 so already}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  has large landholdings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8272278 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  Evidence of Ngamau Munokoa and Dianne Holford at [9]-[11].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10045352 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10045352 Succession by Teparekura}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10045352\charrsid10045352 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7952550 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 he second applicants say }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 Teparekura}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  is not e
ntitled to succeed because s 465A of the Cook Islands Act 1915 precludes a child who is not legally adopted from succeeding to their adoptive parents. However, she is entitled to her shares as a niece of the deceased.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1313141 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 t [7]; Closing Submissions of the Objectors at [55].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14903762 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11865397 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14903762 The Law
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863 Sections 446, 465 and 465A of the Cook Islands Act 1915 provide the legislative framework for determining succession in relation to adoptees. They state:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s47\qj \li720\ri447\sb120\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin447\lin720\itap0\pararsid15019863\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid15019863\charrsid88629 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 446. Succession to deceased Natives -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15019863\charrsid88629 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  The persons entitled on the death of a Native to succeed to his real estate, and to his pers\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
onal estate so far as not disposed of by his will, and the persons entitled on the death of a descendant of a Native to succeed to his interest in Native freehold land, and the shares in which they are so entitled, shall be determined in accordance with N
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 tive custom, so far as such custom extends; and shall be determined, so far as there is no Native custom applicable to the case, in the same manner as if the deceased was a European.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri447\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin447\lin720\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cf1\insrsid15019863\charrsid88629 465. Effect of adoption }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid15019863\charrsid88629 
- An order of adoption shall have in respect of succession to the estate of any Native the same operation and effect as that which is attributed by Native custom to adoption by native custom.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs28\cf1\insrsid15019863\charrsid88629 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cf1\insrsid15019863\charrsid88629 465A. Effect of orders of adoption on interests in Native land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\cf1\insrsid15019863\charrsid88629  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid15019863\charrsid88629 - No order of adoption, other than an order made u
nder this Part of this Act or under section 9 of the Cook Island Amendment Act 1921 or under Part XXA of this Act shall have any force or effect in respect of succession to any interest in Native land.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16346096 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7486594 Discussion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7486594\charrsid7486594 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3684738 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3684738 In terms of s 465A, Teparekura is clearly not entitled to succeed to a one half share in the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9659786 deceased\rquote s estate because she was not formally adopted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3684738 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7565335 He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709 r }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 entitlement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709  to succeed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15870579 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709  as a niece of the deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}In relation to Richard\rquote s application, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709  require}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709  succession }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3684738 adopted children}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709  to be determined in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 accordance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709  with native custom. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 Thus, the key issues }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3684738 to be determined }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 are:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s47 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af37\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s47\qj \fi-708\li1417\ri0\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1417\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1417\itap0\pararsid15019863\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Under what circumstances does native custom allow for an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7952550 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 adopted child, not of the blood}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7952550 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to succeed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15019863 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s47 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af37\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 b)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Do these circumstances apply in this case?
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16346096 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5190107 Principles guiding judicial interpretation of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16463496 custom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16463496\charrsid16463496 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15870579 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15870579 To answer the first issue I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417572 
firstly want to examine the principles that have guided the Court in its interpretation of custom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11281744 when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2038693 custom is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11281744 referred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417572 in Cook Islands legislation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9322343 In the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9322343 Hunt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid12933801  v De Miguel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9322343 , the Court of Appeal considered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12933801 the application of custom in Cook Islands legislation and noted that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9322343 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid9322343 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref457556333}\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9322343 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid11281744 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid11281744  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid11281744 Hunt v De Miguel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid11281744  [2016] CKCA at [56].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9322343 {\*\bkmkend _Ref457556333}
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li710\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin710\itap0\pararsid2839544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2839544\charrsid8332177 
Reading Article 66A as a whole, it is clear that the intention of Parliament in inserting Article 66A in 1995 was to provide for greater recognition and protection of custom and usage in the Cook Islands \endash  or, as the Crown put it, \'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2839544\charrsid8332177 to acknowledge the worth and dignity of traditional Cook Islands custom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2839544\charrsid8332177 \'94.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s62\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2839544 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2839544 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2839544 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2839544 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2839544 
In my view, judicial statements on native custom do not define custom, but merely provide interpretation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4685542  of custom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2839544 
. That is, the existence of native custom precedes Court pronouncements seeking to interpret it. As I stated in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2839544\charrsid2839544 Ian Karika}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2839544 , \'93
[i]t is not for the Court to determine the custom but the Court must follow custom.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid2839544 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2839544 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid2839544\charrsid11281744 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2839544\charrsid11281744  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2839544\charrsid11281744 Ian Karika}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2839544\charrsid11281744  324/14 per Isaac J.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2839544  Similarly, the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2839544\charrsid2839544 Re Vaine Nooroa o Taratangi Pauarii}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2839544  stated that the Court\rquote s responsibility is to \'93follow the appropriate native custom, not to impose what we ourselves might think was a more fair result than the custom produces.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\super\insrsid2839544 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref457556518}\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2839544 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid2839544\charrsid11281744 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2839544\charrsid11281744  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid2839544\charrsid11281744 Re Vaine Nooroa o Taratangi Pauarii (No 2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2839544\charrsid11281744  [1985] CKCA 1; CA No. 3/85 at 7.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2839544 {\*\bkmkend _Ref457556518}

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4675639 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2839544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4675639 Simply put, a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5312690 ccurate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12666609  judicial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5312690  interpretations }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12666609 take their cue from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5312690 evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5139276  put before the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12666609 Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5312690 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1009726  As noted by the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid1009726 Hunt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1009726 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid1009726 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid11281744 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid11281744  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid11281744 Hunt v De Miguel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13924859 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  NOTEREF _Ref457556333 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003300330033000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 31}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid11281744  at [55].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2839544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li710\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin710\itap0\pararsid2839544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2839544\charrsid1009726 
In every case the Court must, of course, determine custom on the basis of the evidence presented to it: the Court cannot simply }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2839544 make up custom out of thin air.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid9795734 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2839544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9795734 I therefore consider that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417572\charrsid15673713 he }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11281744 interpretation of s 465}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417572\charrsid15673713  in this case requires a similar approach and the significance and importance of the applicable custom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1256807 relating to adoption }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417572\charrsid15673713 must underpin the interpretation of that section.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri543\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin0\itap0\pararsid8090512 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid8090512 The custom relating to adoption}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid8090512\charrsid8090512 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5001000 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5001000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5001000 In 1970, the House of Ariki prepared a paper entitled \'93
Maori Customs approved by the Fifth House of Ariki 1970\'94. The Paper was submitted to the Legislative Assembly with a recommendation that the Assembly request the Government to prepare legislation in accordance with the Paper\rquote s contents.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid5001000 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5001000 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 
 Unfortunately, such legislation has not yet been prepared, so legislative authority is still lacking in this area.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5001000  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5001000 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}The Paper sets out various aspects of native custom. The section relating to \'93
Adopted Children\'94 states the following:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5001000\charrsid4812793 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-731\li1440\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5001000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5001000\charrsid4812793 
An adopted child has no Legal Rights to the land and title of the family if he has no blood relationsh
ip to the ancestral land-owner, but he may be given occupation rights for his life-time only and will be directly responsible to the family. When he dies his family will be under the direction of either the Ariki or the Mataiapo.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5001000\charrsid4812793 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}a. Any person who may be a
dmitted to any land as owner, must have blood right to the ancestral owner of the land.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5001000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5001000\charrsid4812793 
b. That if he is an adopted child, he must have blood connection with the ancestral owner of the land.
\par c. That if he is an adopted child, who has no rights by blood to the ancestral owner of that land, his tenure of ownership is for his lifetime only.
\par d. There is only one qualification to ownership of land under Maori Custom that is, right of blood to the source of land, which is the ancestral land owner.
\par e. The right of succession to any land is by blood to the ancestral landowner and not only to the person }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid3289689\charrsid4812793 he succeed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9329929 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5001000\charrsid4812793 . There is no registration of birth in the old Maori Custom with regard to adopted children instead, if a child is adopted, and is of blood relation to his
 adopted parent, then his right of ownership is equal to that of the natural children of his adoptive parents. But an adopted child with no blood relation has no right to the title or lands of his adopted parent.
\par Under Maori Custom, an adopted child with blood relation to his adopted parents, cannot alter the blood right of a child from his family or their lands.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5001000 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5001000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5001000 
 In 1977 the House of Ariki produced a further Paper on custom which also addressed adopted children and included the following statement:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri543\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5001000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5001000\charrsid4812793 \'85 the a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5001000 doption of a child that has no b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5001000\charrsid4812793 lood-right to the adoptive parent; children in this position are known as \'93tamariki angai kare e pirianga toto\'94
. Because he has no blood-right to the adoptive parent therefore he has no natural right into the clan and its la
nds; but he may occupy and use the land of that clan with the consent of the clan. There is only one reason why such an adopted child may be ejected off the land, and that is for being over-bearing over the land lord.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5001000 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx0\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5001000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5001000 In 1977 the Koutu Nui of the Cook Islands made a Statement of Maori custom, in which it wrote: 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri543\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5001000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5001000\charrsid3413381 \'85
 while adoption according to the indigenous custom is based upon blood right, the adoption of a child without blood right is based upon a law born of foreign customs and imposed upon and enforced i
n the Cook Islands. However, the Koutu Nui recognises the two types of adoption but is bound to accept only the adoption according to the indigenous custom as the only adoption that carries with it the right to succession to any traditional title and to r
ights of occupation and use of land.
\par While the Koutu Nui gives paramount importance to adoption according to the indigenous custom, it is forced by law to accept also the adoption to the law of the country. In respect of the latter case, the Koutu Nui propo
ses that the law be changed to allow the descendants of the common ancestor to decide what right the child adopted other than in accordance with the indigenous custom should have.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5001000 
\par \'85
\par (B) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid5001000 ADOPTION NOT ACCORDING TO INDIGENOUS CUSTOMS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5001000 
\par Any child not adopted in 
accordance with the indigenous custom may claim the right of succession to traditional land but subject only to the approval of the descendants of the common ancestor and upon such terms and conditions as the descendants of the common ancestor may impose.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5001000\charrsid3413381 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid5001000 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5001000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5001000 
The statements of custom from the House of Ariki and the Koutu Nui highlight the importance of blood connection in emphatic terms. In relation to adoptions of children not of the blood, the Koutu Nui\rquote 
s paper supports the idea that, in exceptional cases, custom would allow such children to succeed, but subject to the \'93approval\'94 and any \'93terms and conditions\'94 of the descendants of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6962728 
he common ancestor to the land.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5001000 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16014016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15945647 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16014016 Bei}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5516153 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16014016 
g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5516153  mindful of these pronouncements on custom relating to adoption and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15945647 being mindful of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5516153  the Court\rquote 
s recognition of the importance of custom in statutory interpretation, I now turn to consider how the Court has applied custom in adoption cases.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5516153\charrsid5516153 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri-24\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-24\lin0\itap0\pararsid5001000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2587549 Judicial d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid11624719 etermination of custom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12220558\charrsid11624719 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2587549 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2587549 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821745  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid6821745\charrsid7548304 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821745  decisions featured the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2587549  first significant j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7492429 udicial consideration of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724318  native custom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7492429 regarding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3611904  the right of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724318 
an adopted child not of the blood }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3611904 to succeed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724318 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821745 
 The case appeared at first instance before Chief Judge Morgan at the Land Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10700176 in 1968. It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821745  was appealed to the Land Appellate Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10700176 , which issued its decision in 1970}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821745 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5001000 Given the timing of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6821745 se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5001000  decisions, the Courts formulated their interpretations of the relevant custom without the benefit of the statements of custom discussed above. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3868520 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13192684 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2839544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13192684 Both Courts acknowledged the difficulty in identifying the applicable custom because of 
variance across islands, villages and families.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid13192684 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13192684 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Succession to Tuokura Maeva deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  (1968), above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  NOTEREF _Ref457556354 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003300350034000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 10}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at 156; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Succession to Tuokura Maeva deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  (1970), above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  NOTEREF _Ref457556370 \\h }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 11}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at 70-71.}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13192684  The Chief Judg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14560587 e also noted divergent evidence:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13192684  on the one hand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14560587 
, evidence showed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13192684  that adopted children not of the blood c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14560587 ould}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13192684 
 receive no more than a life interest, and on the other, landowner lists demonstrat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14560587 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13192684  that frequently such adopted children }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14560587 had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13192684  entered as owners without restriction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid13192684 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13192684 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Succession to Tuokura Maeva deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  (1968), above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  NOTEREF _Ref457556354 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003300350034000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 10}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at 161.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13192684  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3868520 Relevantly, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3868520\charrsid1254709 the Land Appellate Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14296485  acknowledged that}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3868520\charrsid1254709 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid3868520 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Succession to Tuokura Maeva deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  (1970)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  NOTEREF _Ref457556370 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13924859 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 11}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at 71.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2839544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li710\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin710\itap0\pararsid2839544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2839544 [n]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2839544\charrsid2057990 o evidence has been produced in this appeal, or in the application for succession, from which the Court can adduce a relevant set of rules relating to adoption.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3868520 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2839544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3868520 Ultimately,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14560587  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2894247 Chief Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13192684  Morgan felt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3868520 compelled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13192684  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14560587 to reject }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11482314 \'93as a statement of the full custom, the bare claim that they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14560587 [adopted children not of the blood] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11482314 
can receive no more than a life interest.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid11482314 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11482314 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Succession to Tuokura Maeva deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  (1968)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  NOTEREF _Ref457556354 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13924859 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003300350034000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 10}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at 162.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11482314  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10231415 On appeal, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11482314 he Appellate Court upheld th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10231415 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11482314  finding, agreeing that \'93neither the Cook Islands law nor Native custom precludes a legally adopted child from succeeding to an interest in Native freehold land owned by its adopting parent.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\super\insrsid11482314 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11482314 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Succession to Tuokura Maeva deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  (1970)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  NOTEREF _Ref457556370 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 11}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at 72.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5467611  Many years later, in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5467611\charrsid2839544 Strickland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5467611 
 (often referred to as the \lquote third\rquote  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5467611\charrsid2839544 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5467611  decision), the High Court reiterated the view that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14560587 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid14560587 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref457556533}\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tx5432\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14560587 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Teariki v Strickland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  [2007] CKHC 18; CA No. 7/06 at [43].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5467611 {\*\bkmkend _Ref457556533} }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14560587 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri543\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin720\itap0\pararsid14296485 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14560587\charrsid14560587 \'85 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5467611\charrsid14560587 we cannot reach a conclusion that as a matter of custom, an adopted child, who is not of the blood, only ever takes a life interest. There will be circumstances when that is so but it is not an inev}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14560587\charrsid14560587 itable conclusion in all cases.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid11482314\charrsid14560587 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13192684 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13192684 Essentially the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13192684 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13192684  decisions interpreted the relevant native custom to find that adoptions, for the purposes of succession, are not necessarily completed at the time the papers are signed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7929936 . Rather}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13192684 , a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7929936  child, once formally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13192684  adopted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7929936 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13192684  passes through }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11482314 \'93degrees of recognition\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid11482314 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11482314 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Succession to Tuokura Maeva deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  (1968)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  NOTEREF _Ref457556354 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13924859 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003300350034000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 10}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at 156.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11482314  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7929936 Accordingly, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13192684 he Chief Judge was of the view }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5274532 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7929936 varied approaches }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11482314 between families }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7929936 in this matter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11482314 
exist not because different families apply different types of custom, but because the custom itself operates on a spectrum; whether an adopted child can succeed depends on the degree to which a family has recognised that child as part of the family.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid11482314 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11482314 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13924859 Ibid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2781920  The Appellate Court agreed with the lower court that \'93[t
]here are also different kinds of adoption and adoptions pass through various degrees.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid2781920 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2781920 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Succession to Tuokura Maeva deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  (1970)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  NOTEREF _Ref457556370 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13924859 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 11}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13924859 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 71.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7929936  Ultimately it is for the Court to consider the surrounding factual context to determine whether a child\rquote 
s adoptive family fully recognises them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16014016  However, it should be noted that neither the House of Ariki nor the Koutu }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16014016\charrsid16014016 
Nui refer to the idea that under custom an adoption passes through degrees of recognition.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11482314 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6846711 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6846711 The case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid4670184 Re Vaine Nooroa o Taratangi Pauarii}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6846711  followed the findings in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6846711 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6846711  and noted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13192684  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6846711  \'93the need for an adoption to develop\'85 before giving right of succession to native land was widely, if not universally, accepted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14509652 \'94,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13192684  although}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14509652  noted \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6846711 
it does appear that what was seen as sufficient to meet the test could vary somewhat from time to time and locality to locality.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14509652  Custom was never immutable in all its aspects.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid13192684 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Re Vaine Nooroa o Taratangi Pauarii (No 2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  NOTEREF _Ref457556518 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003500310038000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 33}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at 6.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14509652  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2508255 The Court rearticulated the notion stating \'93[t]he dominant issue was whether it was established that there was sufficient recognition by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7929936 her family to enable the Court t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2508255 o say that the adoption had developed to the degree which satisfies the test set out in the decision of Chief Judge Morgan in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2508255 Emma Moetaua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2508255  case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10104161 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid13192684 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  At 6-7.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6846711 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3279918 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\insrsid11671064 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\insrsid3279918\charrsid3279918 Are the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\insrsid3279918\charrsid3279918 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\insrsid3279918\charrsid3279918  decisions still good law?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid14238847 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14238847 Clearly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3868520 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 the custom surrounding succession by adopted children with no blood connection to their adoptive parents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5066982 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709  contentio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3868520 us}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863 . Nevertheless, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709 t }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11563338 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid752809\charrsid1254709 generally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709 accepted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16014016  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid16014016 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16014016  decisions set out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid5718338 the Land Court and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863  Land Appellate Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16014016 interpretation of this custom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7952550 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 ndeed, the High Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863 Teariki v Strickland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  recently affirmed that \'93the 1968 judgment
s remain good law\'94 and that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863 Short v Whittaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  did not challenge these decisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7952550 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Teariki v Strickland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  NOTEREF _Ref457556533 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13924859 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003500330033000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 41}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at [44].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}The contention surrounding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1444355  the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1444355 decisions, and this area of law generally, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 relates to the uncertain foundations upon which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1444355 the decisions are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  based. As }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709 the Land Appellate Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  stated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Succession to Tuokura Maeva deceased}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  (1970)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  NOTEREF _Ref457556370 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 11}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at 2.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1254709 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s47\qj \li720\ri447\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin447\lin720\itap0\pararsid15019863\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2057990 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15019863\charrsid2057990 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
he difficulty is to determine what is the Native custom applicable in any particular circumstances. No evidence has been produced in this appeal, or in the application for succession, from which the Court can adduce a relevant set of rules 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 relating to adoption.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863\charrsid12658715 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid12658715 I note that this paucity of evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 has been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid12658715  somewhat ameliorated by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3868520 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 two papers on native custom produced by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid12658715  the House of Ariki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
 and the Koutu Nui }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1444355 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 respectively}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1444355 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid12658715 
 in the 1970s. These were cited by the Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid12658715 Short v Whittaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid12658715 , which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
approved of the previous assessment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863 Rake Aituoterangi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid12658715 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1444355 , on aspects of native custom,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid12658715  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 paper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid12658715 s \'93
convey strong evidentiary values\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8868805 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863\charrsid8868805 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Short v Whittaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13924859 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  NOTEREF _Ref457556586 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003500380036000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 23}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at [25].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid8868805 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863\charrsid24609 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13244533 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid24609 I agree with the court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid15019863\charrsid24609 Teariki v Strickland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid24609  that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid24609 Short v Whittaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid24609  decision does not unsettle the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid24609 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid24609  decisions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\super\insrsid15019863\charrsid8868805 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Teariki v Strickland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  NOTEREF _Ref457556533 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13924859 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003500330033000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 41}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at [38]-[45].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid24609  The issue of native custom in relation to adopted children not of the blood, i.e. the ratio of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid24609 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid24609  decisions, was not before the Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid24609 Short v Whittaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid24609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13924859 At}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  [38]-[39].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid24609  Accordingly, I do not agree with the s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid15797759 econd applicants that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid15797759 Short v Whittaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid15797759  alone can }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13244533 dispatch with the present case.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863\charrsid15797759 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [42]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid15797759 However
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1781333 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid24609 I do think }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid24609 the statements of custom in the 1970}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1444355 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid24609  papers carry }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4551713 
significant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid24609 weight, even though their recommendations have not been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1444355  legislatively}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid24609 
 implemented.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1781333 he Courts in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1444355  the early}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid13244533 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1781333  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1444355 decisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4551713 di}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1444355 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1781333  not benefit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 from the elucidation of custom presented by paper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid1781333 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1444355 that had not yet been released}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid1781333 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1444355 Now those papers are before us, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid24609 I am of the view that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid13244533 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid24609  decisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1444355 , and their scope,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid24609  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 should be interpreted in light of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid527377 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1444355  papers\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid527377  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 expressions o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1444355 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  native custom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid527377 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid13244533 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8734867 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\insrsid8734867 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\insrsid8734867\charrsid8734867 The scope of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\insrsid8734867\charrsid8734867 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\insrsid8734867\charrsid8734867  decisions \endash 
 a limited exception}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\highlight7\insrsid8734867\charrsid8734867 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [43]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 he test in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 
 is one of narrow applicability. I accept the relevance of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 1970 papers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181  cited in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 Short v Whittaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181  insofar as they provide, quite emphatically, that the general rule of custom is th
at succession to land must derive from a blood connection.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Short v Whittaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13924859 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  NOTEREF _Ref457556586 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003500380036000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 23}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at [19] and [20].}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 Accordingly, the application of any exception to this rule demands a high threshold to be reached.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [44]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
In this context, the exception posited by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  decisions should be read as providing a \lquote never say never\rquote  ap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7881726 proach to the ability of adopted children}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
 not of the blood to succeed. This appears to be the angle the Courts have taken when responding to arguments asserting that no circumstances could ever give rise to succession where no blood connection exists. As the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1444355  Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  stated in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863 Teariki v Strickland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Teariki v Strickland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  NOTEREF _Ref457556533 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13924859 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003500330033000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 41}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at [43].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s47\qj \li720\ri447\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin447\lin720\itap0\pararsid15019863\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15019863\charrsid2057990 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
We accept that identifying land interests through the relevant blood lines is of cardinal importance in Cook Islands custom. But, on the basis of the materials before us, we cannot reach a conclusion\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 that as a matter of custom, an adopted child, who is not of the blood, only ever takes a life interest. There will be circumstances when that is so but it is not an inevitable conclusion in all cases.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid14110484 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [45]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14110484 Chief Judge Morgan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14110484\charrsid2057990 in the first }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14110484\charrsid2057990 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14110484  case framed hi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14110484\charrsid2057990 s reasoning similarly, stating that \'93
the Court cannot accept, as a statement of the full custom, the bare claim that [adopted children not of the blood] can receive no more than a life interest.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid14110484\charrsid2057990 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14110484 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Succession to Tuokura Maeva deceased}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  (1968)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  NOTEREF _Ref457556354 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003300350034000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 10}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at 162.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14110484\charrsid2057990  This was echoed by the Land Appellate Court, which was not convinced that \'93a legally adopted child has no right at all in any circumstances to unconditional succession\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\super\insrsid14110484\charrsid2057990 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14110484 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Succession to Tuokura Maeva deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  (1970)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859  NOTEREF _Ref457556370 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 11}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13924859 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at 4.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14110484 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid14110484 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [46]\tab}
Essentially, the Courts have adopted a position of openness to the possibility that an adopted child not of the blood could succeed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16581671 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14110484  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16581671 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16198678 n my view, and having regard to custom, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14110484 the opening provided is very narrow. W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid4413460 hile adopted children}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12142244  not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4413460  of the blood will almost }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
never be able to succeed, it is still}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4413460  conceivable that some }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11414332 exceptional }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4413460 
circumstances }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11414332 may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4413460  produce a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11414332  different}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid4413460  outcome. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14110484 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14110484 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14110484 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid9118473 \page }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14110484\charrsid14110484 Under what circumstances does native custom allow for an adopted child, not of the blood, to succeed?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [47]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 The Courts in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14110484  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14110484 decisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 held that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14110484 native }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863 custom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 llows an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181  adopted child not of the blood }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181  succeed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 
 their adoption has fully matured. Maturation is demonstrated by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 the adoptee\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181  full accept}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863 ance by their adoptive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181  family. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [48]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 
The concept of an adoption \lquote maturing\rquote  has caused considerable angst}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  and,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 w}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 ith respect, I am not convinced that it is the clearest expression of the law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  possible. It runs the risk of leading the c
ourt down paths of inquiry that are not necessarily helpful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12142244 
As already noted, the House of Ariki and the Koutu Nui did not refer to adoption passing through degrees of recognition.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [49]\tab}For the purposes of clarification, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 n the context of a succession case, I understand the concept of an adoptive child\rquote s \'93acceptance\'94 to be measured by whether or not the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 ir adoptive}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181  family supports, or objects to, their succession to land interests. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 If any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 objection }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 exists, the family}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181  can}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 
 be deemed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  to have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181  fully recognised the adopted child}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [50]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 
Accordingly, the central question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 the court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 in these cases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 is whether any next of kin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  who would be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 
 entitled to succeed were it not for the adoption, object to the adoptee\rquote s succession. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 If they do, an application by an adoptee not of the blood to succeed absolutely, must fail. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [51]\tab}Framing the question in this way is not a change in the law. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 Indeed, th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 e question of next of kin objections}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181  is the only tangible question that the Court }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 considered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181  in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid4263181  cases. It is also supported by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4129286 Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid2054809 Te}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14110484 a}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid2054809 riki v Sanderson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid2054809  case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid2054809 where}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4129286  it was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid2054809  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 observed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4129286 , with reference to the \'93second\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4129286 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4129286  decision,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid2054809 
 that if the family of Emma\rquote s foster parent had not fully died out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863\charrsid2054809 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Teariki v Sanderson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid4802458 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4802458  NOTEREF _Ref457556533 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4802458 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003500330033000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 41}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4802458 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at [22].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s47\qj \li720\ri447\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin447\lin720\itap0\pararsid15019863\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15019863\charrsid11865397 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'85\loch\f0 
 it might follow that Emma as an adopted child would be entitled under native\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 custom only to a life interest. That is what occurred in relation to the Uritaua lands where Morgan CJ denied Emma absolute succession and granted her a life interest only at the requires of the next of kin to Tuokura in those lands. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [52]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid5058106 hat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4129286  this question w
as intended to be the crucial arbiter in these cases and was seen to reflect the native custom referred to in s 465 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid5058106 demonstrated by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9382120 
Chief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid5058106 Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9382120  Morgan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid5058106 \rquote s statement in the first }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid5058106 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid5058106  case (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4129286 when referring to earlier cases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid5058106 ):}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Succession to Tuokura Maeva deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  (1968)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4802458 , above n }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4802458  NOTEREF _Ref457556354 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4802458 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003300350034000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 10}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4802458 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at 157.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid5058106  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s47\qj \li720\ri447\sb120\sa120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin447\lin720\itap0\pararsid15019863\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15019863\charrsid11865397 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'85\loch\f0  in some cases the Court \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
has accepted an order of adoption as sufficient grounds for granting succession in favour of an adopted child notwithstanding strong objection from the next of kin of the deceased. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15019863\charrsid285703 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Perhaps the Judge overlooked or was not aware of the provisions of Section \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 465.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15019863\charrsid11865397 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15161875 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15161875 Do these circumstances apply in this case?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15161875\charrsid15161875 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4129286 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [53]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1070\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3868520 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4129286 Overall, I agree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16281060  with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4129286  the submission of the second applicants that \'93the wishes of the foster parents and the next of kin are paramount\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid4129286 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  Closing submissions of objectors at [27].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3042568  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11666307  also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  agree that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11666307 it was a material fact of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid15019863\charrsid3042568 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3042568 decisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11666307 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863  th
e deceased had no surviving blood relatives}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11666307  and therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 no one with an entitlement to succeed (had there been no adoption) could object to the applicant
\rquote s succession. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [54]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161 
Viewing the family\rquote s views as paramount also assists in understanding the statement in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4799891  the first}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4799891 decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161 that the Court\rquote 
s restriction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4799891  on the adoption order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161  \'93lack}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4799891 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161  legal authority\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid4799891 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Succession to Tuokura Maeva deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  (1968)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5722694 , above n }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5722694  NOTEREF _Ref457556354 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5722694 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003300350034000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid998456 10}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5722694 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at 158.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161  This was not a general statement challenging whether Court-imposed restriction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12352616 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12352616 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161  succession in an adoption order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12352616 could ever be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161  binding. Rather, it was tied to the specific facts in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161 Emma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15496823 . Specifically, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161 at the time of the adoption order, Emma\rquote s foster mother made quite clear that she had no issue or next of kin and that she wished for Emma to succeed to her lan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12352616 d}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10911158 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161  The Court recorded no objections from next o
f kin. As custom locates the authority to determine questions of succession to land in those entitled to succeed, the Court had no power to unilaterally declare a restriction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6295069 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6295069 So}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161  the restriction it imposed lacked legal authority. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15496823 
As stated by the Land Appellate Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15496823 [h]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863\charrsid15170161 
ad there been competition for succession between close blood relations and the adopted child Emma, the words may have been given some weight but there was no such competition.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid15019863 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15019863 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 
Succession to Tuokura Maeva deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  (1970)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5722694 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5722694 
 NOTEREF _Ref457556370 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5722694 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f005200650066003400350037003500350036003300370030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid998456 11}}}\sectd \ltrsect\psz9\sbknone\pgnrestart\linex0\headery0\footery851\endnhere\titlepg\sectunlocked1\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5722694 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  at 3.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15019863 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6295069 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [55]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6295069 
None of the foregoing means that an adopted child can never s
ucceed when there are surviving family members. However, to succeed would require complete family recognition of the adoptee, i.e. total absence of family objection to their succession. Similarly, a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3042568 
 restriction in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6295069  an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3042568  adoption order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6295069 does}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3042568  not necessarily bar
 succession}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6295069 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3042568  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6295069 positions may change and so allocation of land to an adopted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3042568 chil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15496823 d after the time of adoption}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6295069  can accord with custom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15496823 . However,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3042568  \'93[t]he persons who have the right to set aside such lands would be those entitled to succeed if no adoption had taken place.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid3042568\charrsid2057990 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3042568 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004 Moeau deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6847263\charrsid13915004  (1957) 2 Appeals Minute Book 392 at 393.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15496823  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6295069 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15496823 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [56]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15496823 
Accordingly, the first applicants would have to show that all those entitled to succeed support his succession.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9700301 
 This is not the case in this application, as shown by the competing applications for succession. The high threshold to meet the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15945647 exception that an adopted child,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9700301  not of the blood}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15945647 , can succeed to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9700301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15945647 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9700301  deceased}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15945647 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9700301  has not been met.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3042568 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid9700301 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [57]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9700301 
As a result, I do not consider that Richard Browne\rquote s application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid340484 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9700301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid340484 are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9700301  in accordance with the custom relating to adoption as articulated by the House of Ariki and the Koutu Nui, and must fail.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880454  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15161875 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [58]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15161875 I also find that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880454 application of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9045025 Ngamau Muno}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880454 koa and Diane Hol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9045025 ford}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3880454  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15161875 should}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880454  succeed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid340484  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6833987 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid340484 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [59]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid340484 In making this finding, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880454 I now make the following orders:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3880454 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-708\li1417\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1417\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1417\itap0\pararsid3880454 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880454 The application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid340484 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880454  of Richard Browne }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid340484 are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880454  di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6126004 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880454 missed.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2825330 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid3880454 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-708\li1417\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1417\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1417\itap0\pararsid6833987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880454 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid340484 persons entitled to succeed on the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880454 application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid340484 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880454  of Ngamau Mun}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9045025 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3880454 ko}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9045025 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880454  and Diane H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9045025 olford}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3880454  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5702320 are the siblings of the deceased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6833987 . In support of this application a genealogy was filed which was not in dispute. As a result and based on that genealogy the siblings of the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15933407 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6833987 eceased are as follows:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s61 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6833987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s61\qj \fi-357\li2517\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx2517\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\ilvl6\adjustright\rin0\lin2517\itap0\pararsid15933407 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6833987 Lilian Browne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5729650 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2974227 fd\tab no issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6833987 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s61 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6833987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}Upokotokoa Browne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5729650 \tab m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14316872 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5729650 d\tab issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6833987 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s61 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6833987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}Te Kao Browne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5729650 \tab \tab m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14316872 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5729650 d\tab issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6833987 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s61 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6833987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}Tamarua Joseph Browne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5729650 \tab m}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14316872 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5729650 d\tab issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6833987 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s61 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6833987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}Akaiti Browne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5729650 \tab \tab f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2259682 
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2259682 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2259682 Dated at Rarotonga }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2259682\charrsid14228443  this  \tab \tab  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2259682\charrsid13916745  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2259682\charrsid14228443 day of \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2259682 \tab 2016}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2259682\charrsid14228443 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2259682 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2259682\charrsid14228443 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2259682\charrsid14228443 W W Isaac
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