{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f38\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f39\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f43\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f379\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f380\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}
{\f382\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f383\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f386\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f387\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
{\f409\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f410\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f412\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f413\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\f416\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f417\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f419\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}{\f420\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}
{\f422\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f423\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f424\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f425\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}
{\f426\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f427\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f428\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;
\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;\red0\green68\blue187;}
{\*\defchp }{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 Normal;}{\s1\qj \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext1 \slink15 \sqformat \spriority9 heading 1;}{\s2\qj \fi-284\li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink16 \sqformat \spriority9 heading 2;}{\s3\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink17 \sqformat \spriority9 
heading 3;}{\s4\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\fs28\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink18 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid9378437 heading 4;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden \spriority1 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs32\lang5129\langfe2057\kerning32\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink1 \slocked \spriority9 Heading 1 Char;}{\*\cs16 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af31503\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs28\lang5129\langfe2057\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink2 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 Heading 2 Char;}{\*\cs17 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink3 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid9378437 Heading 3 Char;}{\*\cs18 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f37\fs28\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon10 \slink4 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid9378437 Heading 4 Char;}{\s19\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext19 \slink20 \ssemihidden Body Text;}{\*\cs20 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink19 \slocked \ssemihidden 
Body Text Char;}{\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon0 \snext21 \slink22 \ssemihidden header;}{\*\cs22 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink21 \slocked \ssemihidden Header Char;}{\*\cs23 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\sbasedon10 \ssemihidden page number;}{\s24\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext24 \spriority0 Number;}{\s25\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink26 \ssemihidden Salutation;}{\*\cs26 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink25 \slocked \ssemihidden 
Salutation Char;}{\s27\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon0 \snext27 \slink28 \ssemihidden footer;}{\*\cs28 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink27 \slocked \ssemihidden Footer Char;}{\s29\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 
\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \tx5103\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext29 \sautoupd \spriority0 Waistband;}{
\s30\qj \li709\ri686\sb240\widctlpar\tx709\tx1418\tx2126\tx2835\tx3544\tx4253\tx4961\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin709\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon0 \snext30 \spriority0 Quotations;}{\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon0 \snext31 \slink32 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid10289806 footnote text;}{\*\cs32 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink31 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid10289806 
Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs33 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid10289806 footnote reference;}{\s34\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\cf1\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink35 \sqformat \spriority29 \styrsid10289806 Quote;}{\*\cs35 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink34 \slocked \spriority29 \styrsid10289806 Quote Char;}{\s36\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext36 \spriority0 \styrsid16203664 normal;}{\s37\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext37 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid1653495 List Paragraph;}{\*\cs38 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf17 \sbasedon10 \sunhideused \styrsid12930911 Hyperlink;}{
\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext39 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid12930911 Normal (Web);}{\*\cs40 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority20 \styrsid2363636 Emphasis;}{\*\cs41 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid2363636 st1;}{\s42\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs16\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 
\sbasedon0 \snext42 \slink43 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid13531910 Balloon Text;}{\*\cs43 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs16\lang0\langfe2057\langnp0\langfenp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink42 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid13531910 
Balloon Text Char;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid557211648\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid713325292\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
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\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11997314 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11997314 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11997314 \chftnsepc 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\insrsid11558112 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par }}{\headerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\insrsid11558112 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8925044 8}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\insrsid11558112 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8925044 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid16672649\charrsid8925044 IN THE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid12726167\charrsid8925044 HIGH}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid16672649\charrsid8925044  COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid12726167\charrsid8925044  OF THE COOK ISLANDS
\par HELD AT RAROTONGA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid12072339\charrsid8925044 
\par (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid9378437\charrsid8925044 LAND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid12072339\charrsid8925044  DIVISION)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid3955923\charrsid8925044 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid15603862\charrsid8925044 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14837250\charrsid10487312 MISC:}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14837250\charrsid10487312 21/2011}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15603862\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16672649\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9378437\charrsid10487312 BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14837250\charrsid10487312 NOOROA TUORO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9378437\charrsid10487312 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14837250\charrsid10487312 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9378437\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9378437\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9378437\charrsid10487312 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14837250\charrsid10487312 LAND AGENTS REGISTRATION BOARD}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9378437\charrsid10487312 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9378437\charrsid10487312 First }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14837250\charrsid10487312 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9378437\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9378437\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9378437\charrsid10487312 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14837250\charrsid10487312 THE MINISTER FOR JUSTICE IN LAW}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9378437\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9378437\charrsid10487312 Second }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14837250\charrsid10487312 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9378437\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9378437\charrsid10487312 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15603862\charrsid10487312 Hearing:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4943459\charrsid10487312 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15603862\charrsid10487312  September 2011
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12072339\charrsid10487312 Counsel:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14837250\charrsid10487312 L Rokoika }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15603862\charrsid10487312 for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14837250\charrsid10487312 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15603862\charrsid10487312 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14837250\charrsid10487312 T }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5332581\charrsid10487312 Elikana}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312 , Solicitor-General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2363636\charrsid10487312 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14837250\charrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15603862\charrsid10487312 for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14837250\charrsid10487312 Respondents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15603862\charrsid10487312 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12072339\charrsid10487312 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15603862\charrsid10487312 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16672649\charrsid10487312 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4943459\charrsid10487312 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10103165\charrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid288537\charrsid10487312 September }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10103165\charrsid10487312 2011}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4943459\charrsid10487312  (NZT)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12726167\charrsid10487312 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12726167 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid15603862\charrsid10487312 JUDGMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\insrsid12726167\charrsid10487312  OF }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid15603862\charrsid10487312 THE COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\insrsid16672649\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14837250\charrsid10487312 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15603862\charrsid10487312 Introduction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15603862\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14837250\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14837250\charrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9141336\charrsid10487312 This is an appeal brought in terms of s 24, Land Agents Registration Act 2009, by the appellant who had applied for registration but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11012733\charrsid10487312  had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9141336\charrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9855614\charrsid10487312 been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9141336\charrsid10487312 declined.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9141336\charrsid10487312 This is the first such appeal under the Act and it raises some important issues as to the role of the Land Agents Registration Board }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 established }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9141336\charrsid10487312 under that Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1653495 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 
At the outset, Ms Rokoika sought leave to rely upon an affidavit made by the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 She appeared to have assumed that such an affidavit could be filed as of right.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 I pointed out to her, however, that this was an appeal and that, without leave, there could be no fresh evidence introduced.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 Following further discussion on the topic, she withdrew the affidavit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 Although it remains sitting on the file, I have not formally read it for the purposes of this judgment.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 
Ms Rokoika also appeared to have assumed that the appeal was, in many ways, a form of judicial review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 She referred extensively to judicial review cases and made little direct reference to the Act itself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 At my request she confirmed that she was proceeding on the basis that her client was exercising the s 24 appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 The reference to the judicial review cases was designed to support an allegation that the Board\rquote 
s processes had miscarried and that, as a result, the Board had erred.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 
The essential issue for determination by the Court is whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9855614\charrsid10487312 Land\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 Agents Registration Board erred in not giving the appellant an opportunity to address it in relation to adverse materials held by it and relied upon by it in declining registration.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 The Facts
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 
The 2009 Act heralded a change of approach in relation to unqualified land agents appearing in the Land Division of the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 The purpose of the Act was to provide for a system of registration with a view to ensuring a higher standard of service by such agents.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 The Act provided for a Board to oversee the operation of the Act and to provide a disciplinary function.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 I describe this in more detail i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 n the next section of this judg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479\charrsid10487312 ment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 
As a result of the Act, it was necessary for persons who wished to act as land agents to apply for registration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 The appellant did so by filing an application in standard form on 24 March 2010.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 Paragraph 9 of the standard form required her to set out particulars demonstrating a sound knowledge of Cook Islands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9855614\charrsid10487312  land l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 aw, but the applicant omitted to set out such detail.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 There were som
e supporting letters including a letter from Mr Charles Petero, a barrister and solicitor practising in Rarotonga.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 The Board made various inquiries of persons including the Chairman of the Leases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4943459\charrsid10487312 Approval}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312  Tribunal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 Following those inquiries the appellant was granted a provisional registration for three months subject to conditions (in terms of s 13 of the Act).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312 Mr Petero was referred to as her mentor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid6361479 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 
I do not have a copy of the grant of the provisional license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312  granted to the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312  (a copy was not retained by the Board \endash  a matter discussed by me below).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 I have been advised as to its contents, however, and counsel are agreed as to the position.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 A further application was then filed by the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312  in August 2010 and, following an inquiry, a furt
her provisional registration was granted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 
As part of the consideration of this second application, a claim made by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312  as to a comment supposedly made by Hingston J (favourable to her case) was reviewed and discussed with the Judge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 He denied making the comment and, indeed, a review of the transcript of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 relevant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 hearing provides little support for the claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4943459\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4943459\charrsid10487312 
Following this second application, the Board granted a further three months provisional registration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4943459\charrsid10487312 As with the previous registration, the Board did not retain a copy.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4943459 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 On 9 December}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312  2010}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 , the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312  made a further written application for registration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 This was the third application made by her.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 It did not follow the prescribed form and provided
 very little information as to why she should be entitled to receive a full licence as from December 2010.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 One of the oversights was that there were no details as to a trust account which a land agent is required to have in terms of s 18 of the Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 
I have seen some correspondence between the Board and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312  in February and March 2011.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266\charrsid10487312 Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9855614\charrsid10487312 Solicitor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 
 appearing for the respondents, argued that the second of the two (letter dated 8 March 2011) impliedly invited submissions from the applicant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 I am satisfied that it did not.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10299266 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 
The Board considered the application at a meeting on 15 April 2011 and declined the registration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4943459\charrsid10487312 paragraph }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 [2] of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312  letter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4943459\charrsid10487312  sent to the appellant almost a week later}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 , it gave the following reasons:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 After considering y
our application and other information provided to the Board, including reviewing the transcript of your recent appearance before Justice Hingston, the Board has noted the following:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 
It is evident from the transcript of your appearance before Justice Hingston that you lack the knowledge and understanding to conduct a hearing before a Judge of the High Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s30 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 
It is recorded in the transcript that you advised the Court that Mrs Tuaine Marsters was your mentor, and yet when asked during your application for registration, you advised the Board that Mr Petero was your mentor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 The Board was not notified of the change by you and considers it has been misled.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 Prior to making its decision on 15 April 2011, the Board had made further inquiries including in relation to a Land Court hearing that took place on 9 March 2011 before Hingston J.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312 This is the hearing referred to in the extract }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312 quoted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312 above at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2363636\charrsid10487312 sub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 para}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4943459\charrsid10487312 graph}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2363636\charrsid10487312 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312 a).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 A particular concern of the Board was that during the course of this hearing the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312  referred to Mrs Marsters as her mentor rather than Mr Petero.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 For the reasons set out below I am satisfied that this is not a particularly significant }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12020919\charrsid10487312 objection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 , although }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312 the appellant has also contributed to the problem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823\charrsid10487312 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 Of more si}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4943459\charrsid10487312 gnificance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 , however, is that the transcript}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312  of the hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312  hardly gives one confidence that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 does have a sound grasp of Cook\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 Islands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16322430\charrsid10487312 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16322430\charrsid10487312 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 aw.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13966823 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 
The Board also made inquiries of counsel who appeared }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312  the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312  same}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 
 hearing and she indicated some reservations as to whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312  had a fundamental understanding of the law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 The Act
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 The Board is established under s 3 of the Act.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 Its members are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 specifically}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312  defined as including the Solicitor-General who shall be the Chairperson.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 There shall then be one person appointed by the Minister.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 
In the present case that is Mr Hagan, formerly Secretary of Justice and very experienced in these issues. The third person appointed by the Minister }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312 is}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312  Mr Tim Arnold, a highly experienced barrister and solicitor practising in Rarotonga.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 These three persons, together with a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16322430\charrsid10487312 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 ecretary, comprised the Board.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 Only the three full members, however, had voting rights.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 
The procedure and proceedings of the Board are expressly stated to be subject to its own regulation: s 5.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 Section 5(2) specifically incorporates the First\~Schedule of the Act into the Board\rquote s proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312 Clause 12 of that Schedule is potentially relevant and I set out }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312 
clauses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163\charrsid10487312  12(1) and 12(3):}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 Proceedings privileged \endash  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 
No proceedings, civil or criminal, shall lie against the Board for anything it may do or fail to do in the course of the exercise or intended exercise of its functions, unless it is shown that it acted in bad faith.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 ...
\par (3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 No member of the Board, or pers
on appointed or engaged under clauses 2 or 3 of this Schedule, shall be required to give evidence in any court, or in any proceedings of a judicial nature, in respect of anything coming to the knowledge of the member, or person in the course of the operat
ions of the Board.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 The qualifications that must be met by an applicant for registration can be found in s 10.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 Section 10(1) is in the following form.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 I do not set out subcl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16322430\charrsid10487312 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312  (d) and (e) which are not relevant in the present case:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid657163 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 Qualifications for registration \endash  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 No person shall be registered under this Act as a Land Agent unless the Board is satisfied, acting in its discretion that the person }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 has attained the age of 21 years; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 is of good character and reputation; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 has an appropriate (as determined by the Board) standard of professional competence; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 ...}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 (f)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 has demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Board a sound knowledge of Cook Islands land law including an appreciation of the relevance of custom to the application of those laws; and}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 (g)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 has demonstrated to the Board adequate knowledge of the operation of a trust account for the safe keeping of client funds. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312 Subparagraphs (c) and (f) in the quoted extract above do overlap to some extent but the requirement in subparagraph (c) focuses }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11012733\charrsid10487312 more }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312 
on competencies such as document preparation, Court skills, use of trust accounts and so on.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid804273\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid804273\charrsid10487312 Section 11 provides tha
t an applicant shall make a written application for registration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15336362 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid804273\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid804273\charrsid10487312 Section 12 then provides that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid804273\charrsid10487312  is to be considered by the Board.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid804273\charrsid10487312 Section 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 
 provides further detail as to that consideration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 I now set out ss 12 and 13:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid804273 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 Applications to be considered by Board \endash  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 
As soon as practicable after the receipt of an application for registration, the Secretary shall }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 give public notice of the application on not less than two occasions within 10 days of having receiving the application; and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 circulate copies to every member of the Board which must consider the application within 14 days of having received the copies of the same.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 
Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Board may dispense with or abridge any requirement as to time prescribed by that subsection, if it is satisfied that the public interest is not adversely affected by the dispensation or abridgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 (3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 
The Board may, if it thinks fit, examine on oath or otherwise the applicant, or any person objecting to the application, or any other person, with respect to the application; and for the purposes of this subsection the Secretary of the Board may admini
ster an oath to or require an affirmation from any person.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 (4)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 
The Board may also, if it thinks fit, require any person to verify on oath or by statutory declaration any statement made by that person with respect to any application, or with respect to any objection to an application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 Consideration of application \endash  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 
If the Board, after considering an application is of the opinion that the applicant is entitled to be registered under this Act, it shall direct the Secretary to enter the name and addre
ss of the applicant, together with such conditions and particulars as the Board may require, in the register of Land Agents kept pursuant to section 9 and to notify the applicant in writing accordingly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 If the Board, after considering any application 
is of opinion that the applicant is not entitled to be registered under this Act it shall direct the Secretary to in writing notify the applicant accordingly and to give the applicant the reasons for the Board's decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 (3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 No entry in the register of t
he name of any person shall be made without the direction of the Board.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 (4)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 
The Board may adjourn any application where it requires further information from or in respect of an applicant.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 In this review of the Act I have also addressed the Board\rquote s disciplinary powers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 I set out s 20(3) as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 Inquiry by Board into allegations of misconduct \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 ...}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312  (3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 
The Board shall, unless it is satisfied that there is no reasonable ground for the complaint, or that the complaint is frivolous
 or vexatious, hold an inquiry into the matter, and shall give to the Land Agent concerned not less than 14 days notice in writing of its intention to hold the inquiry, and of the time and place of hearing, and of the nature of the complaint to be inquire
d to. The notice may be served personally or by registered letter addressed to the Land Agent concerned at his or her last known place of business or abode.
\par ...
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14372528\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14372528\charrsid10487312 I have set out this provision because it deals with the question of notice to the relevant land agent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11228674 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14372528\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14372528\charrsid10487312 
There do not appear to be any other provisions in the Act which are directly relevant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14372528 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14372528\charrsid10487312 The appellant\rquote s submission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14372528\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14372528\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14372528\charrsid10487312 The appellant argued that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2972638\charrsid10487312 the principle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9119106\charrsid10487312 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2972638\charrsid10487312  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14372528\charrsid10487312 natural justice appl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2972638\charrsid10487312 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14372528\charrsid10487312  in all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 cases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14372528\charrsid10487312  unless one of the following circumstances applies:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14372528 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14372528\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14372528\charrsid10487312 
there is an exhaustive procedural code which excludes natural justice;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14372528 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14372528\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14372528\charrsid10487312 
in situations of emergency (not relevant here)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8348172\charrsid10487312 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15213265\charrsid10487312 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14372528 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14372528\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14372528\charrsid10487312 
by statutory words which expressly or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8348172\charrsid10487312 by necessary implication exclude natural justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14372528 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8348172\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8348172\charrsid10487312 In making this submission she referred to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8348172\charrsid10487312 Wiseman v Borneman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8348172\charrsid10487312 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8348172\charrsid10487312 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \fi-540\li540\ri0\widctlpar\tx540\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid13986707 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid11558112 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11558112 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11558112\charrsid8348172 Wiseman v Borneman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112  [1971] AC 297, 308.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13986707 
  See Lord Morris at page 309: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13986707 \'93Natural justice, it has been said, is only \'93fair play in action\'94\'94}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8348172\charrsid10487312  Durayappah v Fernando}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8348172\charrsid10487312 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8348172\charrsid10487312 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx540\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8348172 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid11558112 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid11558112\charrsid8348172 Durayappah v Fernando}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11558112  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112\charrsid8348172 1967}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11558112 ] 2 AC, 337.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8348172\charrsid10487312  and the well-known New Zealand decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8348172\charrsid10487312 Daganayasi\~v\~Minister of Immigration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8348172\charrsid10487312 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8348172\charrsid10487312 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx540\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8348172 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid11558112 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11558112 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11558112\charrsid8348172 Daganayasi\~v\~Minister of Immigration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112  [1980] 2 NZLR 130.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8348172 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid12408849\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12408849\charrsid10487312 
Perhaps the high point of her submissions was the High Court of Australia decision of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12408849\charrsid10487312 Kioa v Minister of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15213265\charrsid10487312 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12930911\charrsid10487312 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tx540\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12930911 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid11558112 \chftn }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11558112 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11558112\charrsid12930911 Kioa v Minister of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112  (1985) 159 CLR 550.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12930911\charrsid10487312 
She referred to a lengthy extract:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8348172 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid2588320\charrsid10487312 A person whose interests are likely to be affected by an exercise of power must be given an opp
ortunity to deal with relevant matters adverse to his interests which the repository of the power proposes to take into account in deciding upon its exercise\'85
 The person whose interests are likely to be affected does not have to be given an opportunity to 
comment on every adverse piece of information, irrespective of its credibility, relevance or significance. Administrative decision-making is not to be clogged by enquiries into allegations to which the repository of the power would not give credence, or w
hich are not relevant to his decision or which are of little significance to the decision which is to be made. Administrative decisions are not necessarily to be held invalid because the procedures of adversary litigation are not fully observed\'85 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid2588320\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid2588320\charrsid10487312 
Nevertheless in the ordinary case where no problem of confidentiality arises an opportunity should be given to deal with adverse information that is credible, relevant and significant to the decision to be made. It is not sufficient for the repository of 
t
he power to endeavour to shut information of that kind out of his mind and to reach a decision without reference to it. Information of that kind creates a real risk of prejudice, albeit subconscious, and it is unfair to deny a person whose interests are l
i
kely to be affected by the decision an opportunity to deal with the information. He will be neither consoled nor assured to be told that the prejudicial information was left out of account. The allegation in par.22 was apparently credible, relevant and da
m
aging. The failure to give Mr Kioa an opportunity to deal with it before making an order that Mr and Mrs Kioa be deported left a risk of prejudice which ought to have been removed. There was nothing in the circumstances of the case - neither in the admini
s
trative framework created by the Act nor in any need for secrecy or speed in making the decision - which would have made it unreasonable to have given Mr and Mrs Kioa that opportunity. The failure to give Mr Kioa that opportunity amounts to a non-observan
c
e of the principles of natural justice. The result is that the condition governing the power to make the deportation orders was not satisfied and the orders must be set aside. If the Minister chooses to do so, a fresh decision may be made. There is nothin
g in these reasons which affects the merits of the decision made or of any decision which may be made in the future.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1653495\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15603862\charrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2588320\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid5837748\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5837748\charrsid10487312 
She concluded with a reference to Lord Morris in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5837748\charrsid10487312 Wiseman v Borneman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5837748\charrsid10487312  where he said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2588320 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13986707\charrsid10487312 \'85 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5837748\charrsid10487312 
I feel bound to express my prima facie dislike of a situation in which the tribunal has before it a document (which might contain both facts and arguments) which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13986707\charrsid10487312 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5837748\charrsid10487312 
 calculated to influence the tribunal but which has not been seen by a party who will be affected by the tribunal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5837748\charrsid10487312 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13986707\charrsid10487312 determination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13986707\charrsid10487312 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx540\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13986707 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid13986707 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13986707  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13986707 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13986707\charrsid8348172 Wiseman v Borneman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13986707  [1971] AC 297, 309.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5837748\charrsid10487312 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5837748\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312 Crown Submissions 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14363779\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14363779\charrsid10487312 The Solicitor-General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14363779\charrsid10487312 s submission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14363779\charrsid10487312  focussed more on the Act and addressed the statutory provisions set out }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312 earlier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14363779\charrsid10487312 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14363779\charrsid10487312 He emphasised that the overall s
cheme of the Act left little room, if any, to imply obligations of natural justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14363779\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14363779\charrsid10487312 He, too, referred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14363779\charrsid10487312 Kioa v Minister of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14363779\charrsid10487312  emphasising Mason J at page}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15213265\charrsid10487312 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14363779\charrsid10487312 348}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312  who said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14363779\charrsid10487312 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5837748 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14363779\charrsid10487312 
In the ordinary course of granting or refusing entry permits there is no occasion for the principles of natural justice to be called into play. The applicant is entitled to support his application by such information and material as he thinks appropriate 
a
nd he cannot complain if the authorities reject his application because they do not accept, without further notice to him, what he puts forward. But if in fact the decision-maker intends to reject the application by reference to some consideration persona
l
 to the applicant on the basis of information obtained from another source which has not been dealt with by the applicant in his application there may be a case for saying that procedural fairness requires that he be given an opportunity of responding to 
the matter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14363779\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid524447\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312 
The Solicitor-General was quite proper in referring }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 the Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312 
to this extract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312 
He recognised that the last sentence was potentially unhelpful to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312 him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312 , but argued that there was no external information which was required to be put to the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312 His argument was that the scheme of the Act required the Board to take account of its own knowledge and information gained by it in the normal course of its}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312  (or its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312  members)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312  business.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312 He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13986707\charrsid10487312  also, quite properly,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312  referred to a decision of the former Chief Justice of the Cook Islands}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15213265\charrsid10487312 , Quillian\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312 CJ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15213265\charrsid10487312 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312  given in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312 Gragg v Akaruru}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx540\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15425608 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid11558112 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11558112 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11558112\charrsid15425608 Gragg v Akaruru}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112  [1997] CK HC 2.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312 As he acknowledged, however, that decision essentially supports the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312 s case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13986707\charrsid10487312 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13986707\charrsid10487312 
The relevant statute clothed the Minister with an absolute discretion but, nevertheless, the principles of natural justice still applied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608\charrsid10487312 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15425608 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2363636\charrsid10487312 Discussion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312 The Act clearly gives th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312 e Board wide powers of decision-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312 making and an extensive discretion in which t
o decide applications for registration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312 
The Board is highly experienced, and also expert, and will be expected to bring its own opinions and experience to bear on any application for registration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13986707\charrsid10487312 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx540\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13986707 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid13986707 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13986707  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid13986707\charrsid8348172 Daganayasi\~v\~Minister of Immigration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13986707  [1980] 2 NZLR 130, 142 line 40 et seq.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13986707\charrsid10487312 At first blush, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312 he overall }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12020919\charrsid10487312 scheme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312 
 of the Act leaves little room to impose an over-arching obligation of natural justice upon an investigatory process that is not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 , in my opinion,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312  intended to be subject to extensive external review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312 
Having said that, the Act does not clearly provide an exhaustive code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7806165\charrsid10487312 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7806165 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid11558112 \chftn }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11558112 Joseph \'93Constitutional & Administrative Law NZ\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13388796  [3ed] at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11558112  para 24.3.2.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312 I do not think it can be said, with complete certainty, that the legislature intended to exclude all obligations of natural justice from the Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312 s deliberation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15213265\charrsid10487312 s
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11012733\charrsid10487312 The Solicitor-General }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312 
argued that cl 12 of the First Schedule indicated that it was only in instances of bad faith that the Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312 s decisions could be impugned.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 While o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312 uster clauses }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15213265\charrsid10487312 such as cl 12 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312 are always difficult}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7806165\charrsid10487312 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7806165 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid11558112 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid11558112 Joseph \'93Constitutional & Administrative Law NZ\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112  [3ed] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13986707 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112  para 21.8.1.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312  there is some force in what the Solicitor-General says.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312 
Nevertheless, I do not think it is possible to conclude that cl 12, either viewed in isolation or as part of the overall statutory scheme, excludes any requirement of natural justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 
Even though the Act does not provide an exhaustive code, it may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13986707\charrsid10487312  still}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312  be possible to conclude that the Act, properly construed, excludes the Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 s investigation from the obligations of natural justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 In other words, does the Act by express words or necessary implication exclude natural justice?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 There is some force in the Solicitor-General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 s argument that it does.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 For example,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 
Section 5 allows the Board to set its own procedure.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 Section 10(1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12020919\charrsid10487312 gives}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 
 the Board with a wide discretion in deciding whether it is satisfied as to the relevant qualifications.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312 Sec
tion 12(3) provides the Board with a discretion, if it thinks fit, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 to examine any relevant persons including any person objecting.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332\charrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 
Even though the Act specifically recognises that there might be objectors, there are no specific requirements }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12020919\charrsid10487312 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312  give an applicant an opportunity to respond to those objections.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7172332 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 By contrast}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12020919\charrsid10487312 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312  in s 20(3) in addressing the Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 s disciplinary function, the Act specifically requires notice to be given to the relevant land agent.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311\charrsid10487312 
During the course of argument I also asked counsel to address me in relation to the process of application }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 under the Law Practitioners Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 
Section 4 of that Act clothes the Law Society with an investigatory role, but the Act makes it clear that an adverse report is to be given to an applicant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 There is no similar provision in the Act here.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 I believe it can properly be assumed that the draftsman of the Act would have been aware of comparable legislation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 
From this it could be argued that the omission of any specific requirement to give notice to an applicant was deliberate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5334311 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 
I believe these are powerful factors but they are not, finally, a complete answer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 If the legislature had wished to give the Board a free hand, and to exclude}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12020919\charrsid10487312  any}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312  considerations of natural justice, this would have required express words.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 There is nothing of that sort, and, as a result, I believe that natural justice cannot be said to be excluded.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 I asked counsel whether it co
uld be said there was a peculiar Cook Islands slant to this.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 
In a small economy with limited resources, was there any scope to argue a lesser role for natural justice?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11012733\charrsid10487312 The Solicitor-General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312  quite properly argued that there could be no such exemption and re
ferred to the decision of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15213265\charrsid10487312 Quillian }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 
CJ mentioned above which did not make any such assumptions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 
On balance, I am satisfied that there is a limited role for natural justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312  in this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11558112\charrsid10487312 
Applications to the Board for registration are relevant to the ability of an applicant to earn a livelihood as a land agent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312 That is a situation where courts are ready to apply principles of natural justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11558112\charrsid10487312 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11558112 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid11558112 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid11558112\charrsid11558112 Taylor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11558112  \'93Judicial Review\'94 [1991] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13986707 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112\charrsid11558112 para 13.15}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112 ;\line \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11558112 Joseph \'93Constitutional & Administrative Law\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11558112\charrsid11558112 [3ed] para 24.2.1}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 In any case where the Board is giving consideration to refusing a registration, I believe it should }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312 give a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 form of notice to an applicant which sets out, in broad terms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13986707\charrsid10487312 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\ql \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid13986707 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\super\insrsid13986707 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13986707  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid13986707\charrsid8348172 Daganayasi\~v\~Minister of Immigration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13986707  [1980] 2 NZLR 130, 143: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13986707 \'93\'85 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13388796 
at least}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13986707  the substance of any prejudicial contents\'85\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1931317 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 , the nature of the Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 s concerns.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 
That notice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 will}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 
 not reveal details, nor names of objectors, unless there is a particular need to do so.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 It would be a matter for judg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14370840\charrsid10487312 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 ment in each case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 
In the present instance, had notice of this sort been given to the applicant, I believe that it would have become apparent that the reference to Mrs Masters as being the applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 s mentor would have been put into a better perspective.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 This was one of two 
reasons given by the Board for refusing registration and I do not believe it was a particularly strong reason.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 It became apparent during the course of argument that the Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765\charrsid10487312 s fundamental concern, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2123451\charrsid10487312 a lack of a sound knowledge of Cook Islands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312 land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2123451\charrsid10487312 law, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12020919\charrsid10487312 was what }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 actually }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2123451\charrsid10487312 lay behind its decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12020919\charrsid10487312 Nevertheless, as I will shortly discuss, the role of a mentor is viewed, by the Board, as a significant issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12020919\charrsid10487312 I suspect that the appellant did not fully understand this.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13253765 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 It seems to me that the main concern of 
the Board was the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12020919\charrsid10487312 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12020919\charrsid10487312 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312  apparent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12020919\charrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 lack of knowledge of the law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 On the basis of my reasoning thus far, the Board should have given }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12020919\charrsid10487312 an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312  opportunity to the appellant to answer its concerns that she lacked a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 sound knowledge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 During the course of argument 
I raised the issue of whether this would be an empty exercise undertaken simply to satisfy the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11558112\charrsid10487312 principles}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312  of natural justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 After all, I asked rhetorically, how could the appellant satisfy the Board at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3679437\charrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 an interview that she did have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3679437\charrsid10487312  a sound grasp of the law?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3231492\charrsid10487312 What would she need to do?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 
In raising the issue I was concerned whether, if such an exercise would be empty, it indicated that natural justice was excluded.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 I remind myself, however, that it is always unwise to assume a particular outcome if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3231492\charrsid10487312 the princ
iples}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12020919\charrsid10487312  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 natural justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12020919\charrsid10487312 are complied with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 That is, it would be unwise of the Court to assume that the exercise would be empty.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12020919 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [42]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 
I also remind myself that part of the essential problem }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10780281\charrsid10487312 in this case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 stemmed from the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3689281\charrsid10487312 s failure to provide any real details at the outset.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3679437\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [43]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3679437\charrsid10487312 The point of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10640118\charrsid10487312 applying the principles of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3679437\charrsid10487312 
natural justice in favour of the appellant in this case is to ensure that the Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3679437\charrsid10487312 s concerns are based on sound grounds rather than upon assumptions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3679437\charrsid10487312 The Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3679437\charrsid10487312 
s concerns in relation to the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3679437\charrsid10487312 
s mentor provides a good for example of this.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3679437\charrsid10487312 
If that had been put to the appellant, then I am satisfied that the Board would have reached a different conclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10780281\charrsid10487312  in relation to that aspect of its}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10780281\charrsid10487312  reasoning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3679437\charrsid10487312 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3679437\charrsid10487312 
While I think that was a relevantly minor component of the Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3679437\charrsid10487312 
s decision, it provides a useful example.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10780281 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [44]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 I do sympathise with the Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 s predicament.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 It is required to give effect to a statutory purpose which is not entirely easy of application.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 
It is required to approve land agents to appear in Court in circumstances where they do not have formal qualifications.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 Of course, in some instances they may have qualifications, but in the present case, the appellant did not.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 Mr Solicitor argued that if the Board had applied the legal test strictly then no, or very few, applicants would have been registered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 
The papers before me do indicate that the Board had concerns as to the degree to which a number of applicants understood the law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 However, the Board
 was prepared to take a practical approach to this and it developed a practice of requiring applicants to appoint mentors (for example, a qualified barrister and solicitor) who would support them as required.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 The Board believed this was a practical way to endeavour to make the Act work.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 
In doing this, it had an eye to the future, recognising that by the use of a mentoring programme, land agents might thereby acquire a sufficient grounding in the law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [45]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 I commend the Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 s efforts to make the Act work}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312  but I must also sound a note of caution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 Conceptually, and with respect, it might be said there is some muddled thinking which lies behind the Act.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 
Similar problems have arisen in New Zealand when the legislature endeavoured to broaden recognised categories of experts in order to provide competition.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 For example there is a licensing process in New Zealand for conveyancers to undertake certain functions in competition with lawyers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 Another example was the introduction of private certifiers into the area of building construction.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 The latter instance, certainly, has resulted in enormous problems.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 I do not understand that the introduction of conveyancers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11012733\charrsid10487312 in New Zealand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 has been particularly successful.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 The fundamental difficulty is that in order to introduce su
ch competition, standards of expertise need to be compromised.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 
Some agency is then given oversight of the licensing of such persons, in circumstances where some means must be found to compensate for the lack of expertise.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [46]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 While, as I say, I sympathise with the Board}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 
s predicament, the fact that it has had to fit a square pole into a round hole means that there is a risk that it will proceed on erroneous assumptions if it does not, at least, give an applicant an opportunity to address any adverse concerns it may have.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312  While it is beyond the scope of this Judgment to set out a full examination of the Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312 
s powers to refuse an application (because that does not necessarily arise here) it is clear that the Act contains no bias towards granting applications.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312 If the Board does not believe that the relevant factors in section 10 have been satisfied then it should be expected that it will refuse a registration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [47]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 
The end result is that I uphold the appeal to a very limited extent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 
The Court has a wide range of options at its disposal: s24.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 
I require the Board to reconsider the application made by the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 
It shall grant the appellant an opportunity to address the Board (whether in person, or in writing, and whether represented or not) as the Board may determine.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 Prior to that, the Board shall notify the appellant, in a broad sense, of the concerns which it holds and which the appellant must address.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 It will then be a matter for the Board to decide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312  as to whether registration should be granted and, if so, the terms of that registration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 Nothing in this Judgment should be taken as indicating a view one way or the other
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13388796\charrsid10487312  on that issue which is entirely a matter for the Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [48]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 
I suggest another option which is open to the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 The application w
hich she made to the Board was clearly deficient.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 
There was very little material positively addressing the issue of her knowledge of the law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 In these circumstances there may be some sense in her bringing a fresh application which sets out all of the details which she wishes to put before the Board.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 The Board will then consider this and make such inquiry as it thinks desirable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 If any adverse materials arise then they should be put to the appellant as I have already discussed.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8217418 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8217418\charrsid10487312 Some administrative issues
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8217418\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [49]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8217418\charrsid10487312 As I mentioned above, the Board}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8217418\charrsid10487312 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312  secretariat had not retained copies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8217418\charrsid10487312  of the provisional registration given to the appellant.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8217418\charrsid10487312 
The Solicitor-General accepted that the Board needs to tighten up its administrative processes and I would endorse that.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10640118\charrsid10487312 I appreciate the Board is under-resourced but it might be able to refer to this judgement in order to pursue a case for funding so it can comply with its lawful requirements.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8217418 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8217418\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [50]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8217418\charrsid10487312 Another administrative issue arose.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8217418\charrsid10487312 It became clear that the appellant, concern
ed at the time taken to address her December 2010 application, endeavoured to approach the Solicitor-General personally to discuss her case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8217418\charrsid10487312 This was most inappropriate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8217418\charrsid10487312 Any communications to the Board should be made through the secretary who should then ensure that they are brought to the attention of the Board.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8217418\charrsid10487312 
It is always open to an applicant to retain legal advisors who will make such an approach on their behalf, should that be necessary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8217418\charrsid10487312 However, whatever approach is taken, it is not appropriate to make a personal approach.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8217418 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8217418\charrsid10487312 Conclusion
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [51]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 
I leave it to the parties to confer as to the appropriate wording of any Judgment to be sealed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 If the parties reach agreement then that should be submitted to me for approval.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 If not, the parties should prepare a joint memorandum setting out the competing contentions and I will rule upon the matter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8217418 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312\charrsid10487312 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [52]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 
My provisional view is that costs should lie where they fall.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 
While the appellant has succeeded to some extent, she is, for the reasons discussed above, partly the author of her own misfortune.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 I invite counsel to confer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 If the appellant does seek costs, contrary to my observation, then counsel should lodge a memorandum within twenty working days from the date of delivery of the Judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 The respondent shall reply a further five working days later.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10487312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1931317\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12072339\charrsid10487312 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10487312 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12072339\charrsid10487312 Tom Weston
\par Chief Justice
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