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{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Cambria;}
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{\f53\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f54\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f66\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f67\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}
{\f69\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f70\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f71\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f72\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}
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{\f389\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f390\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f393\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f394\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
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{\f494\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\f496\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Segoe UI CE;}{\f497\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Segoe UI Cyr;}{\f499\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Segoe UI Greek;}
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{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}
{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31573\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew);}{\fhiminor\f31574\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic);}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}
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\b\fs24\ul \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority32 \styrsid862997 Intense Reference;}{\*\cs40 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f44\fs24 \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority33 \styrsid862997 Book Title;}{\s41\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1
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\sbasedon1 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority39 \styrsid862997 TOC Heading;}{\s42\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f43\fs18\cf20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority35 \styrsid862997 caption;}{\s43\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tqr\tx8931\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
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\tx5103\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext44 \sautoupd \spriority0 \styrsid15730171 Waistband;}{
\s45\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext0 \spriority0 \styrsid3742035 AlignRight;}{
\s46\ql \fi-1418\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext46 \spriority0 \styrsid3742035 
Appearances1;}{\s47\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext47 \spriority0 \styrsid3742035 
Party Name Criminal;}{\s48\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext48 \spriority0 \styrsid3742035 
Versus;}{\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext49 \spriority0 \styrsid3742035 Number;}{\*\cs50 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2 \sbasedon10 \sunhideused \styrsid3742035 Hyperlink;}{\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
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\cs52 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0 \sbasedon10 \slink51 \ssemihidden Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs53 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \styrsid7737947 
footnote reference;}{\s54\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext54 \slink55 \sunhideused \styrsid5446590 header;}{\*\cs55 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs24\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0 \sbasedon10 \slink54 \styrsid5446590 Header Char;}{\s56\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar
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footer;}{\*\cs57 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs24\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0 \sbasedon10 \slink56 \styrsid5446590 Footer Char;}{\s58\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
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\s61\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext61 \spriority0 \styrsid16145629 bodytext;}{\s62\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext62 \spriority0 \styrsid16145629 subheading2;}{\*\cs63 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid16145629 Emphasis1;}{\*\cs64 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
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\sbasedon0 \snext70 \spriority0 \styrsid16145629 indentedquote;}}{\*\ud\uc0{\stylesheet{\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f43\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid3742035 Normal;}{\s1\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
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\f43\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink21 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid862997 heading 7;}{\s8\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1
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\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink22 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid862997 heading 8;}{\s9\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
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\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f44\fs32\kerning32 \sbasedon10 \slink1 \spriority9 \styrsid862997 Heading 1 Char;}{\*\cs16 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f44\fs28 
\sbasedon10 \slink2 \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid862997 Heading 2 Char;}{\*\cs17 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f44\fs26 \sbasedon10 \slink3 \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid862997 Heading 3 Char;}{\*\cs18 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 
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Heading 5 Char;}{\*\cs20 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b \sbasedon10 \slink6 \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid862997 Heading 6 Char;}{\*\cs21 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24 
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Subtitle Char;}{\*\cs28 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority22 \styrsid862997 Strong;}{\*\cs29 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f37 \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority20 \styrsid862997 Emphasis;}{
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Intense Quote Char;}{\*\cs36 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf19 \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority19 \styrsid862997 Subtle Emphasis;}{\*\cs37 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul 
\sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority21 \styrsid862997 Intense Emphasis;}{\*\cs38 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority31 \styrsid862997 Subtle Reference;}{\*\cs39 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\ul \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority32 \styrsid862997 Intense Reference;}{\*\cs40 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f44\fs24 \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority33 \styrsid862997 Book Title;}{\s41\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1
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Appearances1;}{\s47\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext47 \spriority0 \styrsid3742035 
Party Name Criminal;}{\s48\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext48 \spriority0 \styrsid3742035 
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footer;}{\*\cs57 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs24\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0 \sbasedon10 \slink56 \styrsid5446590 Footer Char;}{\s58\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
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\f45\fs18\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0 \sbasedon10 \slink58 \ssemihidden \styrsid12129177 Balloon Text Char;}{\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
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\sbasedon0 \snext70 \spriority0 \styrsid16145629 indentedquote;}}}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid-1{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03[{\uc1\u0 ]};}{\levelnumbers
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\'03({\uc1\u2 )};}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-709\li2126\jclisttab\tx2126\lin2126 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
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\'03({\uc1\u4 )};}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-357\li1797\jclisttab\tx1797\lin1797 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
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\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-357\li2517\jclisttab\tx2517\lin2517 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u7 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
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\'02{\uc1\u1 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid134807579
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\'02{\uc1\u3 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid134807577
\'02{\uc1\u4 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid134807579
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\'02{\uc1\u6 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid134807577
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\'02{\uc1\u8 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li7200\lin7200 }{\listname ;}\listid715620321}{\list\listtemplateid-1{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0
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\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u6 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-357\li2517\jclisttab\tx2517\lin2517 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u7 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-363\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
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{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u3 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'02{\uc1\u4 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
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\'02{\uc1\u8 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1139763617}{\list\listtemplateid-1\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
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{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134147\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134149
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{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1657188278\'01\'95;}{\levelnumbers;}\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\fbias0 \fi-735\li1444\lin1444 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23
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\'02{\uc1\u1 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171
\'02{\uc1\u2 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134159
\'02{\uc1\u3 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169
\'02{\uc1\u4 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171
\'02{\uc1\u5 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134159
\'02{\uc1\u6 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169
\'02{\uc1\u7 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171
\'02{\uc1\u8 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1557205637}{\list\listtemplateid-1{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\'03[{\uc1\u0 ]};}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \s49\jclisttab\tx360 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u1 )};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}
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{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03({\uc1\u5 )};}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-363\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u6 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-357\li2517\jclisttab\tx2517\lin2517 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u7 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-363\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02{\uc1\u8 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-357\li3237\jclisttab\tx3237\lin3237 }{\listname ;}\listid1570731623}{\list\listtemplateid-1{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
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\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
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\'01{\uc1\u-3929 ?};}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'01{\uc1\u-3929 ?};}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'01{\uc1\u-3929 ?};}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'01{\uc1\u-3929 ?};}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'01{\uc1\u-3929 ?};}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'01{\uc1\u-3929 ?};}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1600722406}{\list\listtemplateid-1\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
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{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02{\uc1\u1 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid336134171\'02{\uc1\u2 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid336134159\'02{\uc1\u3 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid336134169\'02{\uc1\u4 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid336134171\'02{\uc1\u5 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
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\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02{\uc1\u4 .};}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0
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\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11293272 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11293272 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11293272 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\titlepg\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid8345328\sftnbj {\headerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s54\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7501540 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid14821167  PAGE   \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4548639 20}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12349445\charrsid14821167 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s54\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s54\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s45\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15495777 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5007818\charrsid13784427 IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE COOK ISLANDS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14513929\charrsid13784427 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s43\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tqr\tx8931\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15495777 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14513929\charrsid13784427 HELD AT RAROTONGA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf21\insrsid15534518\charrsid1989957 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s43\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\tqr\tx8931\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15495777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15534518\charrsid13784427 (CRIMINAL DIVISION)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8223700\charrsid13784427 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15495777 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2711040\charrsid13784427 cr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2911445 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16723856  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2911445 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16124459 /}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2911445 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6053961 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5976355 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16124459 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s43\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\tqr\tx8931\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15495777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821167 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14834160 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s47\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15495777 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8008534\charrsid13784427 POLICE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3742035 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2444625\charrsid13784427 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3742035\charrsid13784427 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s48\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15495777 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3742035\charrsid13784427 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3742035 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2444625\charrsid13784427 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5517503\charrsid13784427 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s47\qc \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15495777 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2911445 gray ronald pitomaki turia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13784427\charrsid13784427 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s47\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15495777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \strike\insrsid16675163\charrsid13784427 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3742035\charrsid13784427 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s46\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15495777 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3742035\charrsid13784427 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5007818\charrsid13784427 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15495777 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6913686 Hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2652692\charrsid13784427 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6913686 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13501700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14706094 Dec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13501700 ember 2023}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2652692\charrsid13784427 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid5046679\charrsid8345328 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2652692 Appearances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5007818\charrsid13784427 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10035800 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2444625 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4605913  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2911445 J Crawford}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4605913  f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid5976355\charrsid13784427 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8877286 the Crown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12736018\charrsid13784427 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7501540\charrsid13784427 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid529245 Ms M Tangimama for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13501700 Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid529245 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1330705\charrsid8345328 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6913686 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1330705 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7345532 19 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14706094 Dec}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13501700 ember}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2115785  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10035800 2023}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7345532  (NZT)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1330705\charrsid13784427 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3742035 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\insrsid9115729\charrsid5976355 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15730171\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9039\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\pard\plain \ltrpar\s44\qc \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 
\tx5103\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4608445 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 JUDGMENT}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2819999  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14046412\charrsid13784427 OF }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13501700 GRICE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13909460 , J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3742035\charrsid13784427 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3742035\charrsid13784427 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9039\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15730171\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9039\clshdrawnil \cellx8931\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa240\sl600\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12329823 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs16\cf6\insrsid14706094 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf6\insrsid12329823\charrsid12329823 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf6\insrsid3742035\charrsid12329823 
\par {\upr{\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK1}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK1}}}{\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 Mr Turia is charged with one representative charge of offering to supply a class }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15737727 C }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 controlled drug, namely cannabis, between 5 February 2021 and 15 December 2021 at Aitutaki, to other persons.  Particulars are given of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12810875 nine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  occasions on various dates that the offers to supply were made as follows:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid1652439 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'be\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \fi-360\li1429\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls15\adjustright\rin0\lin1429\itap0\pararsid1652439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1652439 5 February 2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8674034  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1652439 
 (268274146)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid1652439 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'be\tab}25 April 2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8674034  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1652439  (6827108)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid1652439 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'be\tab}7 May 2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8674034  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1652439  (2 Samuel Ioane)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid1652439 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'be\tab}14 May 2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8674034  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1652439  (268278240 and Samuel Ioane)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid1652439 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'be\tab}16 September 2021 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8674034  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1652439 (268272840)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid1652439 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'be\tab}1 October 2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8674034  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1652439  (268280376)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid1652439 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'be\tab}29 November 2021 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8674034  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1652439 (268271459)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid1652439 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'be\tab}10 December 2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8674034  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1652439  (268271459)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid1652439 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'be\tab}15 December 2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8674034  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1652439  (2687}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1652439 103)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li709\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid1652439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1652439 
\par {\upr{\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK1}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK1}}}{\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid1652439\charrsid608347 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12349445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1652439\charrsid608347 
To find the defendant guilty on a representative charge,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1652439  I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1652439\charrsid608347 must be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1652439 offered to supply a Class C controlled drug, namely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1652439\charrsid608347 cannabis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1652439 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1652439\charrsid608347 
to other persons on at least one occasion between}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1652439  5 February 2021 and 15 December 2021 at Aitutaki.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
Mr Turia pleads not guilty to the charge and elects a judge alone trial.  He says that while he used cannabis for his own purposes, both recreational and medicinal, he did not offer to supply cannabis.  Mr Turia gave evidence.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}The Crown largely relie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14315734 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  on text messages between Mr Turia and various people including unknown persons as the evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207426 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
says proves the charge beyond reasonable doubt.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8207426 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4608445\charrsid4608445 Legal Pos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid4608445 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4608445\charrsid4608445 tion
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8207426 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4608445\charrsid4608445 Onus and standard of proof
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8207426 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
The starting point is the presumption of innocence.  The defendant gave evidence in this case but that does not alter that fact that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207426 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
rown must prove that the defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207426 Each element of the charge must be proven beyond reasonable doubt by the Crown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12810875 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207426  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid8207426 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207426 The elements are set out in s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
 7(1)(b) of the Narcotics and Misuse of Drugs Act 2004}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207426 .  This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 provides, subject to certain exceptions not applicable in this case, that no person shall:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li720\ri686\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin720\itap0\pararsid8674034 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4608445\charrsid8674034 (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid15737727\charrsid8674034  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid4608445\charrsid8674034 apply or administer, or offer to supply, administer, any class C controlled drug to any other person, or otherwise deal in any such control drug.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12810875 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12810875 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 Supply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12810875 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  is defined in the Act as "includes distribute, give, sell and offer to supply".
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}
A defence is provided in s 7(3) where a defendant proves that he took possession of the drug in order to prevent the commission of an offence with the drug and returned it to the possession of a person lawfully entitled to it or took all reasonable steps 
to deliver it to such a person.   That defence is not raised in this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207426 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  nor is there any evidential foundation for such a defence.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8674034 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 Therefore the Crown must prove beyond reasonable doubt that:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1417\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8674034 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 The substance in question was a class C controlled drug, in this case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15737727 cannabis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 ;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}The defendant offered to supply }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207426 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  class C controlled drug to another person; and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}The defendant knew, or was reckless as to whether, the substance that was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207426 to be supplied was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 a controlled drug.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
Because the provision refers to a particular class of controlled drug, the class of drug is an essential element of the offence that is required to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207426 proven beyond reasonable doubt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid8207426 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10233957 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f43\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid12349445 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727 R v Fonotia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727  [2007] NZCA 188, [2007] 3 NZLR 338, at [24]-[26].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207426  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7345532 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8207426 New Zealand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4608445 Supreme Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4608445\charrsid8207426 Cameron v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\i\super\insrsid8207426 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10233957 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727 
Cameron v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727  [2017] NZSC 89, [2018] 1 NZLR 161, at [73].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
 found that where the offence in question is not defined in terms which require actual knowledge or intention and nothing less, recklessness will usually be sufficient to satisfy mens rea requirements.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15737727  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  That is the position in relation to this offence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15737727  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}
If there is no evidential basis for the contention that the defendant lacked the necessary mens rea, then the Crown has no obligation to establish the state of mind of that defendant in respect of the status of the substance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4262052 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid4262052 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10233957 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727 Cameron v R,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727  at [96].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4262052   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 On that basis, the mental element of the offence will be assumed in the absence of evidence suggesting otherwise.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4262052  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  The issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4262052 arises}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  where the defendant has pointed to some evidence to raise the issue. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15737727  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 If there is such evidence, the Crown is required to prove the mental element beyond reasonable doubt.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 An offer to supply/sell means "an intimation by the person charg
ed to another that he is ready on request to supply to drugs of a kind prohibited by the statute".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid4262052 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10233957 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\f0\super\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727 
During}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727  [1973] 1 NZLR 366, 373 (CA); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727 R v Beazley}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727 
 [2008] NZCA 283}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727  at [21].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4262052  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 The mens rea is that the person intended to make the offer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15101248  of the drug.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}
There is no onus on the Crown to prove that the offeree knew the subject matter of the offer was a prohibited drug or knew its class or status; the Crown need only establish an offer to supply a controlled drug and that the offer was intended to be genuin
e.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid4262052 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10233957 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\f0\super\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid15737727 F (High Court, Timaru T 992358, 9 February 2000, Panckhurst J) para [9].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid16670569 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16670569 Both counsel adopted the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12810875 four}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16670569  principles enunciated by Cooke J in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16670569  Marr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16670569  These are set out in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16670569\charrsid16670569 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8674034  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16670569\charrsid16670569 v Jones}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\i\super\insrsid16670569 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10233957 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f43\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid12349445 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid12349445 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid16670569 {\upr{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk153819512}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk153819512}}}R }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid12349445 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid12349445\charrsid16670569  Jones}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12349445   CA 412/10, 31 May 2002 (NZCA), at [13]{\upr{\*\bkmkend _Hlk153819512}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkend _Hlk153819512}}}.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16670569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16670569\charrsid16670569 where the Court of Appeal said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16670569 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li709\ri686\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin709\itap0\pararsid8674034 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16670569\charrsid8674034 [13]\tab 
An indication of willingness to supply is sufficient.  Further, an indication of willingness to facilitate supply by another is sufficient.  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid16670569\charrsid8674034 R v Marr and Wilkinson }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8674034\charrsid12810875 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16670569\charrsid8674034 CA 130 and CA 139/78, judgment 11 April 1979}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8674034\charrsid8674034 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16670569\charrsid8674034  this Court considered whether an intended intermediary, who indicated willingness to facilitate supply by another was rightly convicted of offering to supply.  In that case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid16670569\charrsid8674034  Marr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16670569\charrsid8674034  participated in such a way that, had supply eventuated, he would have been a party to that supply.  Cooke J for the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8674034\charrsid8674034 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16670569\charrsid8674034 ourt said:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li1440\ri686\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8674034 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16670569\charrsid8674034 
The other grounds put forward by Mr Atkinson, apart from adopting some submissions by Mr Fitzgibbon, concerned offers to supply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16072327\charrsid8674034 
.  Mr Atkinson contended that the summing up was defective in that respect in the evidence not enough to establish an offer to supply by Marr.  Mr Larson submitted some propositions to us this morning which we substantially accept.  He cited three cases i
n this Court: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid16072327\charrsid8674034 R v During [1973] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16072327\charrsid8674034 1 NZLR 366}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid16072327\charrsid8674034 
; Gosney }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16072327\charrsid8674034 [1977] 2 NZLR 130; and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\ul\insrsid16072327\charrsid8674034 R v Brown }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16072327\charrsid8674034 
[1978] 2 NZLR 174.  We think that these decisions in the terms of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14315734\charrsid8674034 Misuse of Drugs Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16072327\charrsid8674034 
1975 justify four propositions.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li1440\ri686\sb120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8674034 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16072327\charrsid8674034 
First, in this context an offer to supply has to be understood in an ordinary meaning rather than in any technical sense.  Secondly, there may be more than one offeror in what would commonly be regarded as one transaction.  Thirdly, an intermediary may be
 a party to an offer to supply no matter whether in the analysis of civil law he would be regarded as the agent of the vendor or of the
 purchaser.  Putting that point in another way, the intermediary may make an offer to supply to someone who in civil law may be his own principal.  Fourthly, in ss 6 and 7 of the Misuse of Drugs Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid12810875\charrsid12810875 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16072327\charrsid8674034 offer to supply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12810875\charrsid12810875 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid16072327\charrsid8674034  is used in a wide sense and is well capable of covering an offer to arrange for someone else to hand over a drug to the person to be supplied.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li720\ri686\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin720\itap0\pararsid8674034 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid16072327\charrsid8674034 [14{\upr{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk153819480}
{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk153819480}}}]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14311794\charrsid8674034 
In view of that statement of the law, we see no error in the summing-up as it relates to the offence in issue.  It might have been preferable, as a counsel of perfection, if the Judge had explained in greater detail that something more than a comment abou
t the possibility of supply elsewhere {\upr{\*\bkmkend _Hlk153819480}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkend _Hlk153819480}}}is needed before amounting to an offer, but we do not consider any risk of miscarriage of justice arose in this case from his not having done so.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li720\ri686\sb120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin720\itap0\pararsid8674034 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14440064\charrsid8674034 \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid14311794\charrsid8674034 
\par {\upr{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk153819577}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkstart _Hlk153819577}}}[16]\tab 
As is common in criminal offences, the intent of the person charged as the essential matter.  That intent is to be assessed by what is said and done.  What reasonable people will understand is a strong indicator of intention in the absence of other factor
s.  So it is for a jury to decide whether what was said, and the prevailing circumstances, amounted to an intimation by the accused of willingness to supply a controlled drug.
\par {\upr{\*\bkmkend _Hlk153819577}{\*\ud\uc0{\*\bkmkend _Hlk153819577}}}\'85
\par [18] \tab Against the background of the previous supply of LSD tabs, only after invoking the referral from next door, it was open to the jury to link the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14440064\charrsid8674034  two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14311794\charrsid8674034 similar incidents in light of the relationship between Raewyn Pepene and Ms Jones and to infer that the conversation between Ms Jones and the officer took place on the understanding that Mr Jones\rquote 
 facilitation was necessary to secure supply.  She could be regarded as having given that with the response }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12810875\charrsid12810875 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14311794\charrsid8674034 you can
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid12810875\charrsid12810875 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14311794\charrsid8674034 .  It was for the jury to determine whether that in fact was the case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid16670569\charrsid8674034 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid16670569 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16670569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16670569 
For the purposes of this case the provisions of the New Zealand Misuse of Drugs Act are not inconsistent with the provisions under s 7(1)(b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1652439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
In summary in order to establish an office to supply, the Crown must prove beyond reasonable doubt that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13725927 an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  offer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13725927 to supply the drugs in question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 was made, that is that Mr Turia was ready on request to supply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064  the prohibited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4608445  drugs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064 , whether by direct supply or directing the third party to another person whom Mr Turia considers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14315734 would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14440064  provide that supply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 The offence will be completed with the offer, so it is not relevant that 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13725927 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16131542 actual }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13725927 material}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
 offered was actually not the drug referred to.  An offer to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13725927 share }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 drugs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16131542 may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4608445  be an offer to supply.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14315734   Whether the defendant intended to supply is a question of fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5055349 
 in the circumstances and must be proved by the Crown beyond reasonable doubt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4608445\charrsid6913686 Com}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid13725927 mon Ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4608445\charrsid6913686 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid14440064 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12349445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13725927 does}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  not dispute that he used cannabis for his own purposes.  He candidly admitted that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13725927 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
a number of the texts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13725927 he was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 referred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13725927  to he used}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16131542 code words}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13725927 refer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 cannabis and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5055349 responded to inquiries seeking information on its availability.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 However he denie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5055349 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  that he offered to supply cannabis to any other person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13725927 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13725927  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16131542 Mr Turia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064 some of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 the texts}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5055349 were sent by him when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 he was seeking to obtain cannabis for his own use}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13725927 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13725927  In some cases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
where he knew that people might be looking for cannabis he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16131542 alerted them by text that it was available or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13725927 from whom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4608445 they might obtain it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064   He readily admits }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5055349 that he was directing third }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064 
parties, either unknown or named, to cannabis }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5055349 to be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16131542  supplie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8674034 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5055349  by}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064  other persons, although he would not handle the cannabis himself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 The defendant puts the Crown to proof on all elements in relation to the charge.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8674034 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 The issues in dispute a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13725927 re:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4608445 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid5790034 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \fi-567\li1276\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid16469560 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5790034 Was the substance referred to in the relevant texts cannabis?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13725927 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid5790034 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5790034 
Did the defendant make an offer to supply cannabis to another person or persons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064  in circumstances where Mr Turia:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid14440064 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \fi-709\li2127\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx2126\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl2\adjustright\rin0\lin2127\itap0\pararsid8674034 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064 was in text communication with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064 unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064  persons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5055349 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid5055349 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5055349 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064 
id not have the possession or control of the cannabis he referred to in the text messages;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid5055349 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5055349 acted as an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14440064  intermediary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5055349 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064 a third}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12810875  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064 
party obtaining cannabis }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16131542 by directing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5055349  the person to a supply of cannabis but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16131542  not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5055349  a supply from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064 Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598594  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064 Turia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5055349  directly}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5790034 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid5790034 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \fi-567\li1276\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid16469560 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5790034 Did the defendant know or was he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064  reckless }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5790034 as to whether the substance offered was cannabis?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13725927 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13725927 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid4608445\charrsid6913686 vidential }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13725927 Issues}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4608445\charrsid6913686 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 Two of the Crown witnesses gave evidence by zoom.  Sgt Greaves}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12810875 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  from Australia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12810875 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13570620\charrsid1783517 
Detective Sgt Sowter,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13570620  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 from New Zealand.  Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11889229 os}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
e mode of evidence applications w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5055349 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  granted without opposition before trial.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}As I have noted the defendant gave evidence in this case.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4536843 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  burden of proof }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16131542 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
 all elements of the charge beyond reasonable doubt remains with the Crown despite the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3749300 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
efendant giving evidence.  The defendant also made a pre-trial statement.  This was consistent with the evidence he gave.  Again this does not alter the obligation o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3749300 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4608445  the Crown to prove all elements of the offence beyond reasonable doubt.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid1783517 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1783517 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4608445 he Crown called expert evidence,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4536843  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16131542 from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4536843 Detective Sergeant Sowter, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4608445 a New Zealand expert in drug dealing methods generally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16131542 and, in the vocabulary,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064  often }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
used.  The defence made no objection to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13379132  Detective Sowter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4536843 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13379132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14440064 qualification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16131542  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064 as an expert.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16131542 However}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14440064 
 the defendant through Ms Tangimama says}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13379132  his evidence was unreliable because all the text}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4536843 s retrieved from Mr Turia\rquote s phone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13379132  were not sent to him by the police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13379132 
 Rarotonga.  The officer commented on the texts that had been provided to him, which were produced by the Crown.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid13570620 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13570620 Detective Sowter confirmed he would comply }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13570620\charrsid1783517 with the code of conduct for expert witnesses in the New Zealand High Court Rules 2016.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16131542   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13379132 
I am satisfied that Detective Sowter was appropriately qualified as an expert to give evidence in the area of drug dealing generally and the vocabulary employed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid1783517 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1783517 I now turn to the respective parties\rquote 
 positions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4608445\charrsid6913686 The Crown case
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 The defendant was apprehended as a result of a police drugs operation on Aitutaki, named "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 Operation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 Tavake".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13379132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16131542  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13379132 
A number of other persons were also charged with drug offending as a result of the operation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}
The evidence in support of the charge is largely set out in text messages transcribed and compiled into a 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 page booklet produced by Detective Inspector Ingaua}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16131542 .  He had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 reviewed a large number of text messages to and from Mr Turia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4536843 \rquote s phone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  in the relevant period.  The records had been obtained by warrant from Vodafone before search warrants were executed on 13 January 2022}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4536843  on various premises in Aitutaki}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 .  The text messages were between the defendant and a number of named persons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13379132  including his employer Mr Sc
hofield as well as with unknown persons at various phone numbers listed in the text message schedule.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}Mr Turia was initially charged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13379132  by the police}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  with selling cannabis but that charge was reduced to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445 one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
 representative charge of offering to supply, with particulars}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13379132  referring to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445 nine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13379132  specific }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 occasions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4536843 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445 gt Greaves of the Cook Islands P}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 olice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4536843 executed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  a search warrant on the defendant's residence.  Nothing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4536843 relevant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16131542 found.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445   Mr Turia was interviewed subsequently by the officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4536843 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 He was cautioned and given his rights to consult a lawyer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13379132   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4536843 Mr Turia}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  made a statement which was signed by him and Sgt Greaves and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13267265  in addition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13379132 
both }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 initialled each page.    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13379132 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4536843 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4536843 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4536843 
No objection was taken to the manner in which the statement was taken.  The defendant was cautioned and advised of his rights.  His evidence was consistent with his statement.  Following the interview Mr Turia was arrested and charged.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13379132  the interview }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4608445 when asked about }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4536843 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 text messages retrieved from his phone, Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598594  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4608445 Turia admitted smoking cannabis and drinking cannabis drink as a medicine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4536843  for back pain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 .  He had not been prescribed cannabis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13570620  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
but had found out about it from Google and on the Internet.  Mr Turia mentioned that his sister rubbed cannabis oil on her child's feet to calm him down when he was not well and this appeared to work.  Mr Turia said he had started using the drug for his b
ack when he was living in Sydney.  He returned to Aitutaki with his family in 2018.  He had worked on Aitutaki ever since.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4536843 Mr Turia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
 said that he was supplied with cannabis by "random people".  He confirmed the telephone number which had been the subject of the Vodafone warrant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13267265 belonged to him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4608445 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}The text messages associated with Mr Turia's phone number, 86898 for the period 1}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598594  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 January 2022 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16469560  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 January 2022}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13267265\charrsid13267265  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13267265 were reviewed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
.  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4536843 transcribed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 text messages alleged to be relevant to the offending were produced }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4536843 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  a schedule.  The text messages which were relevant were a small number of the considerable number of texts which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4536843 had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
 disclosed in this matter.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12592639 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2193100 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12592639 
Detective Sgt Sowter said he had been involved in numerous electronic surveillance operations in relation to a variety of crimes but predominantly drug-related matters.  Detective Sowter said that in his experience text messages were regularly used by law
 enforcement agencies to assist in ascertaining and/or confirming whether a person is involved in criminal activity.  Sometimes the only evidence of drug dealing relied on by the police in prosecutions were the text messages.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12592639 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1783517 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12592639 Detective Sowter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13570620 
 had had experience in a number of drug investigations in both New Zealand and in the Cook Islands.  He was aware of the going rates for cannabis in those countries.  He was also aware of the common methods of dealing in drugs.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13267265 The officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13570620  noted that there were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1783517\charrsid1783517  commonly used words and exchanges used in the drug dealing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13267265 communications }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1783517\charrsid1783517 which he was able to identify from his experience in a number of operations including in the Cook Islands.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13570620   Detective Sowter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1783517\charrsid1783517 had been asked to review the text messages involving Mr Turia and commented on them in his evidence.  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 Detective Sowter said in relation to the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13267265 \rquote }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 s text messages he was able to identify a number of common drug }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13267265 coded words}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13570620 .  F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4608445 or instance "cabbage" is a common code for cannabis.  In cross-examination he confirmed that he had looked up the word "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445 k}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 apiti" }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12592639 on the internet and it is Rarotongan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 for "cabbage".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13570620   Detective Inspector Ingaua, who is a speaker of Cook Island}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af53 \ltrch\fcs0 \f53\insrsid13570620  M\'e2ori, had earlier in his evidence said that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445 k}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13570620 apiti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af53 \ltrch\fcs0 \f53\insrsid13570620  in M\'e2ori meant cabbage.  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 Further examples of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12592639 words}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  used which the officer said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12592639 could be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  drug-related }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12592639 in context }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 were:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li720\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1783517 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304 Cone" }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304 common code for a cannabis cigarette}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 pot" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  a}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 common code for a small amount of cannabis oil that is heated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13570620  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4608445 the fumes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13570620  inhaled by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 the user.
\par "Skunk" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  a common code for cannabis and is considered stronger/or higher THC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12592639  (a chemical component)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  strain of cannabis.  The term "is on" that follows the "skunk" reference in an intercepted text message was a message to say that "skunk" cannabis is available for sale.
\par "Bong" is a common utensil used to smoke cannabis through.
\par "Score" is common code when wanting to purchase drugs.
\par "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 z" is code for an ounce of cannabis.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 Tinnie, foil or bullet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  refers to a cannabis cigarette.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 Tinnie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304 
 refers to the tinfoil material and which cannabis is wrapped and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 generally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642  gives }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 the purchaser one cigarette}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid13267265 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13267265 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13267265 
The officer emphasised that the words could not be taken to be drug code in isolation, but the relevance lay in the context and whether in the circumstances the language was used as code for drugs.  This required looking at surrounding texts and the parti
cular circumstances.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16469560 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4608445\charrsid6913686 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid12349445 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4608445\charrsid6913686 efence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16469560  evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4608445\charrsid6913686 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 Mr Turia gave evidence in a straightforward manner.  He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13570620  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12592639 admitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13570620  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 that he had possessed cannabis and used it for his own purposes for some years.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12592639 Mr Turia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  had been back on Aitutaki and settled his wife and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445 six}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
 children there in 2018.  He had been employed since that time in various roles.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13570620   Mr Turia said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
that he was asked from time to time by friends and acquaintances for cannabis.  He also sourced cannabis and bought it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13570620  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
for his own use from friends and acquaintances.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6913686 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid6584304 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304 The texts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12349445 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12592639  including those referred to in the particulars,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304  were put to him, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1783517 Mr Turia}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304 recognised }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12592639 and acknowledge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13267265 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12592639  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304 those which he was asked about}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12592639 .  He explained}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304  their content.  Among other explanations for the various }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 texts,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304  he said:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid6584304 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \fi-360\li1069\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1069\itap0\pararsid6584304 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304 some indicated an offer by him }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 to share cannabis}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304  with other persons.  For }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 instance,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304  one text message offered to share }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4608445 a "cone" which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304  he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 agreed meant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12592639 to share }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
a cannabis }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 cigarette}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13267265 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid13267265 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13267265 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304 
here were texts to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 a number of people telling them that there was an offer by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12592639 a third}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  party }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304 (Mr Schofield) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 to assist him cleaning the bottom of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304  Mr Schofield\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 boat and
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304  Mr Schofield }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 would give them a bag of cannabis "tips" as well as a bag of cabbage and some fish for helping Mr Turia.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12547039 Mr Turia said that in that text }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 cabbage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 
 was in fact actual cabbages Mr Schofield had grown cabbage during }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12592639 Covid }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 and it was in short supply.  He acknowledged that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10552919 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 another text messages the reference to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 cabbage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12592639 kapiti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12547039  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 were references}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039  to cannabis.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid6584304 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \fi-360\li1069\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1069\itap0\pararsid12349445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304 in another series of texts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 that he had told people}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1783517 third}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  parties had cannabis and he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304 was just spreading the word}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919  as to its availability.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1783517  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6584304  said he had on occasions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 asked around }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304 to find a source}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039  of cannabis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304  for a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 friend or acquaintance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304 who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 had asked him for cannabis.  He had therefore acted}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304  as an intermediary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 but had not offered to supply cannabis to anyone himself}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13267265 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6584304 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid13267265 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13267265 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304 e }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 did offer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304  as was evident from one text message}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445  to take cannabis to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 person who was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919  paralysed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6584304 .  He said he did this because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 the person could not get the cannabis themselves.  Mr Turia did}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304  sell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4608445 sold this cannabis to the perso}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 n.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4608445\charrsid6913686 The Crown }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid12349445 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4608445\charrsid6913686 ubmissions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4608445 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid10552919 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6584304 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642 
 Crown submitted that Mr Turia had admitted using cannabis in 2021 which he sourced from friends and acquaintances.  He was therefore familiar with cannabis and knew what it was.  A number of the words used in the texts were codes for cannabis or cannabis
 related dealings. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 Mr Turia }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642 admitted direct supply }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13267265 
when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642  he said he shared a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642 cone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 a third}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642  party and he gave a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 paralysed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642  person cannabis.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4013642 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [42]\tab}The Crown submitted that offer to supply a could be established by directing a person to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 a third-party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642  source of cannabis.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 This was acting as an intermediatory, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642 Mr Turia }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642 admitted doing this.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4013642 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [43]\tab}The Crown submitted that the elements of offer to supply had been made out in relation to the 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13267265 particulars.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6584304\charrsid6584304 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4608445\charrsid6913686 The Defence Submissions
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4608445 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [44]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4013642 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 Ms Tangimama for the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642  adopted the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445 four}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642  principles set out in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4013642\charrsid4013642 Marr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642 
as set out above.  However she said the facts in this case did not satisfy the elements of the charge offering to supply in terms of those principles.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642  also submitted the following by way of defence: 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4013642 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \fi-567\li1276\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid16469560 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642 The defendant was not an entrepreneurial drug dealer as for instance was the case with the offender in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4013642\charrsid4013642 Bishop}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\i\super\insrsid4013642 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10233957 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\fs16\super\insrsid12349445\charrsid16469560 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\insrsid12349445\charrsid16469560  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid12349445\charrsid16469560 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12349445\charrsid16469560 R v Bishop}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12349445\charrsid16469560   CR No\rquote 
s 440, 452/2002 (CKHC).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4013642  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642 to which the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13267265 Cr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642 
own referred in the context I discuss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642 below.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919   Many of the offers were prompted by a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674823 third}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674823 party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919  texting Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598594  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 Turia and so he was not the initiator of the relationship.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2690416 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 
the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 a number of texts relied upon by the, the person receiving or sending the text was referred to as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 
unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 .  I took this submission to be that an offer to supply an unknown person could not be used as evidence that an offer had been made.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4013642 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642 
The expert had not been provided with all the texts recovered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10552919 , but only a selection,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642  so could not provide an opinion in this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10552919  given he said that the meaning of the texts are subject to the context}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903 , so he had not been given the whole context.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4013642 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}
The investigation was flawed because Mr Turia was charged with sale by the police at a time when the texts had not been reviewed by the expert.  The charge was subsequently reduced to offering to supply.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid4013642 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 e)\tab}Customary rights:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4013642  the casual use of cannabis in the Cook Islands was a right so }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013642 justified at customary law.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4608445\charrsid6913686 Analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\insrsid4608445\charrsid4013642 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12547039 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [45]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12286099 four}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 
 principles in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12547039\charrsid12547039 Marr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039  are applicable here.  On the facts I consider they apply as follows:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid16469560 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \fi-567\li1276\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid16469560 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903 An }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 
offer to supply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 
 should be interpreted in an ordinary way not in a strict legal technical manner.  It includes offering to give and offering to share the prohibited drug with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903  third }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12547039 parties.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12547039 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}An offer to give the drug to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10710519  another person }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 for whatever reason including that they are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903  paralysed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 
and unable to collect the drugs themselves, unless the offer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10710519  falls within a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 statutory defence, is an offer to supply.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12547039 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}An offer is made if the defendant acts as an intermediary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3674823 intending to direct }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 a third}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12286099  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 party to a person who can supply that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903  third }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 party with cannabis.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10710519   No consideration is necessary for acting as the intermediary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12547039 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12547039 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}
The offer to supply is complete when an offer is made with the intention of supplying cannabis to the person to whom the offer is made.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12547039 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 e)\tab}
An offer can be made to unknown persons.  The crown produced a number of Cook Islands sentencing notes with a cannabis dealing with involved unknown persons.  It is not necessary that the identity of the person supplied is known.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid10710519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [46]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10710519 
In support of her submission that the defendant was not an entrepreneurial drug dealer Ms Tangimama noted he was just helping others by putting them in touch with cannabis suppliers and therefore was not guilty of offering to supply.  While this will be r
elevant to sentencing the fact that a defendant is not running a sizeable drug dealing operation, nor indeed selling the drug is not a defence to offering to supply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903  it.  An }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10710519 offer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903  includes an offer to give }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10710519 the drug away}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903  or to share it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10710519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903   The fact that the defendant did not initiate contact is not relevant.  The focus is on whether there is an offer to supply whoever was the initiator.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10710519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid10710519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [47]\tab}The sentencing notes in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10710519\charrsid10710519 Bishop}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10710519  we
re referred to by the Crown in support of its submission that drug dealing charges may be made out without identifying the person to whom the drug is supplied or in this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903 , is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10710519 offered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10710519 All}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10710519 
needs to be established is that the offer is made to a third party.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 Mr Turia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10710519 his evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903  said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 that in relation to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10710519 
 text messages shown to him by the Crown, where the schedule said that the sender or the recipient was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10710519 unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 
"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10710519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 he would have known or been acquainted with the person with whom he was communicating}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10710519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2690416 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [48]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2690416 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 I also do not consider there is anything in the submission that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2690416\charrsid2690416  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903  Detective Sgt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674823 Sowter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 
had not been provided with all the texts recovered so could not provide an opinion in this case.  He was provided with a copy of the texts that the police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 
Rarotonga had identified as being relevant to drug dealing.  There were a sufficient number of texts in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12286099 six}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 
 pages of texts for Detective Sowter to give evidence as to possible meanings of the language.  He was careful to say that the texts needed to be looked}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903  at in context. That does not mean that }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 he needed to see every text which had been retrieved by the police involving Mr Turia for the period.  Detective Sowter was able to identify}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903  vocabulary used in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 texts which had drug dealing connotations in the appropriate context.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674823 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2690416 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [49]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 Mr Turia }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3674823 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 his evidence largely confirmed that the words that Detective Sowter had identified as possibly having drug connotations were in fact referring to cannabis and related matters.  For }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674823 instance,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903 the word }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 
cone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416  Mr Turia confirmed meant cannabis cigarette.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674823 Similarly,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 
 he agreed that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 cabbage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416  in some}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14555903  (not all)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416  of the text messages meant cannabis.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid16262242 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [50]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14555903 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16262242 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966717  defence based on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3674823 allegations of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966717  flawed police investigation, is in the nature of a red he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3674823 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966717 ring}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903 .  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966717 conduct to which the defence refers has no relevance to the case at hand.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11609029\charrsid11609029 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid14966717 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [51]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966717 
There is no difficulty in a charge being reduced in circumstances where the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16262242 Crown }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966717 
comes to the view that the charges laid by the police are inappropriate.  It is the function of Crown Law and the Solicitor-General to ensure that the charge is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903  prima facie supported by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966717 the evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966717 That is what occurred in this case and there is nothing improper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903 
 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966717 the process of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4600789 amending the charge to a lesser charge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14555903 
  There was no suggestion that any prejudice was caused to the defence by the amendment.  The amendment was done by consent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4600789   Similarly,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966717 
 the delay in sending the text messages for analysis by the New Zealand expert is not relevant to the case.  That the police might have done it earlier has no bearing on the case at hand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4600789 .  There is no }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4600789 evidence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14555903 relevant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14966717\charrsid4378 police misconduct or incompetence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid14555903 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14966717\charrsid4600789 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid14966717 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [52]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4600789 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966717 As to the defence based on c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 ustomary rights}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966717 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 there was no evidence of a customary right to use cannabis in the Cook Islands for leisure.  Even if there had been such evidence that would not be a defence to a criminal}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001  charge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 unless}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 recognised as such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid803001  or is otherwise relevant to the elements of the charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2690416 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid2690416 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10233957 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\super\insrsid12349445 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid12349445 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12349445\charrsid2193100 Noble v Ministry of Primary Industries}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12349445  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12349445\charrsid2193100 [2019] NZHC 2391}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12349445 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966717  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11609029  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966717 
The doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty means that the legislation passed by Parliament, such as the Crimes Act, is enforceable in its terms.  A defendant is not entitled to put himself outside the law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2493630 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid14966717 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10233957 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f43\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid12349445 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12349445  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid12349445 
\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12349445\charrsid2193100 Ferri v Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12349445  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12349445\charrsid2193100 [2018] NZCA 181}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12349445 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12349445\charrsid2193100  at [8].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966717  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11609029  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966717 
Ms Tangimama also referred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11609029 use of cannabis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966717  being a constitutional right.  This argument was not developed in any detail.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid803001   The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14966717 Constitution does not permit smoking cannabis in contravention of the law.  A defence based on customary rights in the circumstances of this case must fail.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12547039 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5198346 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid15410204 Analysis of the texts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5198346 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [53]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5198346 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
As I have noted Mr Turia is charged with one representative charge of offering to supply a class C controlled drug, namely cannabis, between 5 February 2021 and 15 December 2021 at Aitutaki, to other persons.  Particulars are given of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2493630 nine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  occasions on various dates that the offers to supply were made as follows.  I must be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that at least on one occasion of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001 ose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11609029 listed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
Mr Turia offered to supply cannabis.  I therefore consider each of the particulars listed in the charge.  I refer to the texts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1188381  by date and give}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001 
 the schedule reference number }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1188381 allocated to the relevant text in the spreadsheet schedule in the booklet produced by the Crown.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12349445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204\charrsid803001 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \fi-357\li1066\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1066\itap0\pararsid12280039 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid803001 5 February 2021 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid11609029\charrsid803001 268274146) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11609029  (t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid803001 exts numbered 4-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11609029 7)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid803001 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [54]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 This is a series of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2493630 four}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15410204  texts.  They are between Mr Turia and a phone number which is labelled as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 .  The first text is from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  at 15:16 and reads }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Che Brotha any chance you can get some}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001  two day }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 or tomorrow?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [55]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5198346 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 The reply comes at 16:16 from Mr Turia to the unknown phone number saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Che my bro, sorry just saw your text, I just finished work to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  lol.  Yea bro, I\rquote 
ll text you when I find.  How many my bro?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [56]\tab}A response from unknown is timed 16:18 and says }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001 #Che}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  bro allgoods}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001  ma }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 man I know your busy Cuz\'85
 Just the one it\rquote s for Jay\'85 Don\rquote t go out of your way Bro just whenever you}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  free\'85 We just at home having a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16469560 \'85"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid11609029 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [57]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11609029 A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15410204 further response from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
 timed 17:09 reads }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Hey Bro sorry man we can get }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
 if possible thanks\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16469560 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [58]\tab}In cross}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2493630 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15410204 examination Mr Turia agreed that he understood the text to him was asking whether Mr Turia could get some cannabis.  Mr Turia went back saying he would text }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15410204 unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  when he found some.  Mr Turia agrees that the response from an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001 un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 known}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001  indicated in the case yet }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 the first that they wanted \'93one\'94 and then subsequently they wanted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2493630 two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  if possible.  Mr Turia said he could}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12280039 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 t find any cannabis at the time but he would have told }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  if he had found it.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [59]\tab}The Crown says therefore Mr Turia had agreed to supply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid803001  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 cannabis when he found it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12280039 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12280039 Analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10489803 :}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039\charrsid12280039 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid803001\charrsid5198346 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [60]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001\charrsid5198346 
I consider the exchange of texts pointed to in support of this particular is too vague to prove the particular beyond reasonable doubt.  Mr Turia said that he had no source of supply to direct the third}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2493630  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001\charrsid5198346 party to at that stage.  I am not satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that he intended to supply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5198346 
 or act as an intermediary to enable the supply of cannabis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803001\charrsid5198346  in this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5198346 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li1072\ri0\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1072\itap0\pararsid12280039 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5198346\charrsid5198346 b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid10489803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346  April 2021 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11609029\charrsid5198346 6827108)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12280039  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11609029\charrsid5198346  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 text numbered 35)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204\charrsid12798175 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [61]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid12798175 On 25 April 2021 there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  was }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5198346 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  text at 23:58 from Mr Turia to an unknown phone number saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
Hey bro up to, come for a few cones.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [62]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5198346 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Mr Turia }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5198346 in his evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15410204 agreed that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 cones}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
 meant cannabis and that he was offering to share it with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15410204 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [63]\tab}The Crown therefore says he was offering to supply }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  with cannabis }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 cones}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12280039 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5198346\charrsid5198346 Analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10489803 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid5198346\charrsid5198346 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [64]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5198346\charrsid5198346 I am satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that this is an offer to supply cannabis by Mr}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598594  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5198346\charrsid5198346 Turia.  It is an offer to share cannabis which is sufficient to establish an offer to supply cannabis.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10489803\charrsid10489803 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \fi-357\li1066\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1066\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 7 May 2021 (exchanges with Samuel Ioane)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid12280039  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346  (text}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2767553 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid2767553 numbered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 44-48)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [65]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 The first text in this series is on 7 May 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11609029 21 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 21:06 from Mr Turia to Samuel Ioane saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5198346 Up }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 to bro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [66]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5198346 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 The response comes at 21:07 from Mr Ioane saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 Fuck all bro just at home.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [67]\tab}At 21:07 Mr Turia responds }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 Got some spots here Alguds to come around?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [68]\tab}At 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145697 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 09 Mr Ioane responds to Mr Turia }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 Yeah bro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 .  Mr Turia then replies at 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10489803 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 09 saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 Swt bro I\rquote ll be over soon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [69]\tab}Mr Turia agreed that a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 spot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346  was cannabis }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 although }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 he disagreed it was cannabis oil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 .  He said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 it was a small}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553  grain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 of cannabis which was burnt and consumed.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 Mr Turia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346  agreed he was letting Mr Ioane know that Mr Turia would share his cannabis with him.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12280039 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2767553\charrsid2767553 Analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid2493630 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280039\charrsid12280039 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2767553 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [70]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 I am satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that an offer to supply cannabis to Mr Ioane was made }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145697 as evidenced }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 in this particular.  In the context was an offer to share some }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 
spots}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553  which was cannabis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145697 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553  with Mr Ioane}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10489803 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid5198346 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li720\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2767553 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2767553\charrsid2767553 d)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid10489803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2767553\charrsid2767553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid2767553 14 May 2021 (268278240 and Samuel Ioane)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12280039  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid2767553  (text}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2767553\charrsid2767553 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid2767553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid2767553\charrsid2767553 numbered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid2767553 63-66}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2767553\charrsid2767553 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid2767553 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [71]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 The first text}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15410204 this series is at 11:57 from Mr Turia to Mr Ioane saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
Chur bro up to, keen to give me a hand to clean the bottom of the boat for a big bag of cabs, tips?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204   Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598594  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Turia then sends another text to Mr Ioane at 11:57 saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 Qs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
just looking for some boys}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [72]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5198346 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 Ioane }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
replies at 12:04 saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 Hey }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 bro I\rquote m busy at work today what time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4548639 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [73]\tab}Mr Turia replies at 12:05 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Aww sweet bro we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 about half n hour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4548639 .}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [74]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2767553 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Mr Turia }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 in evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15410204 said that the reference to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 cab}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  was to cabbage}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 .  Mr Turia\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 boss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553  or former boss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 , Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 Quentin }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Schofield}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145697  (Q)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 wanted the bottom of his boat cleaned and Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598594  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Turia was organising}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 
 that.  Mr Turia said that Mr Schofield }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 had grown cabbages and part of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 fee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  for helping clean the bottom of the boat would be a bag of those cabbages.  The reference to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
tips}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  Mr Turia said was cannabis tips.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [75]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Earlier at lines 60-61}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553  of the text}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145697  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 schedule}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  on the same date at 11:42 Mr Turia had sent a text to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 Cuz }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 q is looking for someone give me a hand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553  to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
 clean the bottom of the boat for a big bag of cabbage, tips.  Some fish.  Keen.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [76]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15145697 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Unknown had replied at 12:20 saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 I can\rquote t because I got my class straight after work.  Sorry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553  or else }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 I would be keen.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553   This is consistent with Mr Turia\rquote s evidence that he was texting around to find someone to help him with cleaning the bottom of the boat and was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15145697 saying that in return}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553  Mr Schofield }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145697 would supply some cannabis tips, together with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553  other things}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2767553\charrsid2767553 Analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2767553 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10489803 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2113591 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [77]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 
his was an offer made to Mr Ioane to supply cannabis where Mr Turia was acting as an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145697 intermediary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 
 by putting the offer that Mr Schofield was supply cannabis if the job was done.  I am satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that this was an offer to supply by Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598594  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767553 
Turia acting as an intermediary.  This particular is made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145697 out.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410204 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid13531467 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2438913 e) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2113591  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid9979630 16 September 2021 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2438913\charrsid9979630 268272840)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2438913  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid2113591  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2438913 (text number }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204 93)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [78]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 This text was sent by Mr Turia to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913  saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 Cuz tua is still on I found some 30.  Nice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [79]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2438913 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 Mr Turia agreed that this was advice to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2438913 
 an unknown third}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4548639  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2438913 party }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 that Mr Turia had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2438913  found }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 some cannabis (tua)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 and it was a good price at $30.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2438913 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2438913\charrsid2438913 Analysis:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2438913  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10489803\charrsid10489803 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2438913 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [80]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2438913 
I am satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that Mr Turia offered to supply cannabis by directing the unknown third}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2493630  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2438913 
party to a supply of cannabis at a good price.  He therefore acted as an intermediary in making the offer to supply.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410204 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid9979630 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2438913 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2438913\charrsid2438913 f)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2438913  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid2113591 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid9979630 
October 2021 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15145697\charrsid9979630 268280376)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2113591  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15145697  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2438913 
texts numbered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204 110-112)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2438913 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [81]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2438913 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2438913 A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 phone number recorded in the booklet as }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145697 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913  but which Mr Turia }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145697 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2438913  his evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 identified as that of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 Hulk Totoia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2438913  an old }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 school friend of his, sent a text at 23:40 saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 having a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2438913  few 
\'85 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 but got only a nugget *Mr Hulk Totoia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 
.  The response from Mr Turia at 23:41 read }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 Aw yo I got some where you}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2438913\charrsid2438913 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [82]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 
The response came at 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 41 saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 I\rquote ll come down I\rquote m at v bar *Mr Hulk Totoia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 ".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145697  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 Mr Turia agreed that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 nugget}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913  was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2438913 a reference to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 cannabis.  He said however his response was a reference to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 some}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913  beers in that instance.  

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2438913\charrsid2438913 Analysis:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10489803\charrsid10489803 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [83]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
I accept the evidence of Mr Turia in this regard.  He was willing to confirm when references were to cannabis, against his interests, and therefore I accept his evidence when he said he was suggesting he was going to bring some beers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2438913  not cannabis, on this occasion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [84]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2438913 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 I find this particular is not proven beyond reasonable doubt.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410204 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2578179 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2438913 g) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2113591  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid9979630 29 November 2021 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2438913\charrsid9979630 268271459)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2438913  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid2113591  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2438913 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204 text}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2438913 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204  number}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2438913 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204  162-164 and 166)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [85]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\keep\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 At 12:41 an unknown number sent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5065738 a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 text to Mr Turia saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2438913 uz}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5065738  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 you able to score 2x please}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 ".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 
  At 13:19 Mr Turia responded saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 Cuz just waiting on ria to come.  Aunty Metua is still there?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913   A response from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913  was sent at 13:20 saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 
Allgood cuz.  No she gapped it already lol.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [86]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 A further text on 1 December 2021 at 09:42 to a different }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913  number from Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4598594  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 Turia said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 Brother I know where to get some.  Sweet.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2438913 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [87]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 
Mr Turia acknowledged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5065738 in his evidence in relation to the text on 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid5065738\charrsid5065738 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5065738  December t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 hat the reference to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 some}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913  was a reference to cannabis and that would have been a reply to a person who had made an enquiry about cannabis earlier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145697 .  The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913  text was to tell that person that Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598594  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 Turia had found}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5065738  a source of cannabis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 .  Mr Turia said he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5065738  was not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 
going to give it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5065738 directly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145697\charrsid2438913 person,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913  but he was just }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 helping him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913  to get it.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [88]\tab}The Crown says the text }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 score 2x}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113591 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913  was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5065738  from}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5065738 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5065738  person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5065738\charrsid2438913  wanting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913  to score }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10489803 two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913  bags or }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10489803 two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913  foils.  Mr Turia confirmed in cross}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10489803 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 examination that he understood that to mean he would talk to someone and see if he could get some cannabis, at the request of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10489803 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10489803 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204\charrsid2438913 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5065738\charrsid5065738 Analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5065738\charrsid5065738 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10489803  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10489803\charrsid10489803 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid5065738\charrsid5065738 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [89]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5065738\charrsid5065738 I am satisfied that this particular demonstrates an offer to supply cannabis.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5065738\charrsid5065738 It is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5065738  it is proved beyond reasonable doubt.  Again Mr Turia is not supplying the third}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5074453  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5065738 party direct but rather acting as an intermediary by providing information to the inquirer concerning the source of a supply of cannabis.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid5065738 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2438913 \tab h) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10489803  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2438913 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid9979630 0 December 2021 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid5065738 (268271459)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid10489803   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid5065738 (text}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2438913\charrsid5065738 s numbered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid5065738  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204 177-183)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [90]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10489803 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 At 14:31 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15410204 unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  number sent a text to Mr Turia saying: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5065738 Hey }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 kuz you free to get another 1 please?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204   Mr Turia responded at 14:32 saying }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Yeah swt I\rquote ll be over soon.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  responded }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 oh yo cheers cuz see you soon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 .  Mr Turia replied at 15:33 saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10825470 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Cuz sorry just w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5065738 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  these kids, uncle faggot is coming over to get your ashcay}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 .  Unknown responded at 15:37 saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 "O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
h i can come there because if it\rquote s easier?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204   Unknown followed that up at the same time with a text saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10825470 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Otherwise yo all good if uncle fagg doesn\rquote t mind lol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
.  At 15:38 Mr Turia responded }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 swt as cuz he is already on the way}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15410204 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [91]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5065738 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Mr Turia said this was the same person as he had been texting in an earlier text on 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598594  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 December 2021 at 9:42 telling that person he knew where to get some cannabis.  Mr Turia said he did}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5074453  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5074453 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
t get the cannabis on that date (1 December 2021) but he did later.  Mr Turia said the person who is referred to as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5074453 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 unknown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5074453 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  in the series of emails on the 10 December 2021 was someone who was paralysed and when Mr Turia got cannabis he provided it to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145697 
that person }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15145697 he could not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  get it himself.  Mr Turia said uncle F
agg was a cousin who knew where to get the cannabis that day.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5065738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10825470 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5065738\charrsid5065738 Analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid2193100 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100\charrsid2193100  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10825470\charrsid10825470 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2193100\charrsid2193100 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [92]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10825470 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100\charrsid2193100 
I am satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that the particular is proven.  This is an offer to supply cannabis direct the paralysed person referred to as unknown.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15410204\charrsid2193100 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410204 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2193100 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2193100 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10825470 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2193100 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10825470  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204 15 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid9979630 December 2021 (2687}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204\charrsid9979630 103)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2193100  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10825470  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15410204 (text 193)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2193100 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [93]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10825470 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100 At}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204  09:46 Mr Turia sent a text to unknown saying }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Chur bro morning.  The skunk is on.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15410204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [94]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2193100 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 Mr Turia }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100 in his evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 said this was a reference to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100 some }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
cannabis that Mr Schofield had brought over and he was letting the unknown person know it was available.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10825470 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2193100\charrsid2193100 Analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2193100 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2193100 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [95]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10825470 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100 
I am satisfied that this particular is proved beyond reasonable doubt.  Again Mr Turia is directing the third}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5074453  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100 
party to a supply of cannabis.  He is acting as an intermediary.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15410204 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15410204 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2175532\charrsid2175532 Proof of Elements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2175532 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid3814821 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [96]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2175532 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3814821 On }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 each }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4592016 
particular }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4592016 hat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 
 I have found proven, Mr Turia acknowledged that the reference was to cannabis.  While Mr Turia acknowledged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4592016 two direct offers to supply,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 
 he was of the view that he was either giving the cannabis away or offering to share it which did not amount to supply.  That is incorrect.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3814821   An offer to give}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 
 or share cannabis the offer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3814821  amounts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 to supply in terms of the charge.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4592016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2175532 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [97]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10825470 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 
Mr Turia was also of the view that his acting as an intermediary and merely directing people to where cannabis could be supplied was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3814821  insufficient }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 
to amount to an offer.  In the context of the texts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3814821  produced as a whole, there was sufficient material to enable me to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 satisfied that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3814821  Mr Turia }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 was offering to direct persons to a supply of cannabis and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4592016  he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532  intended}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3814821  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 supply to occur.  I am also satisfied that in each particular which has been proven}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3814821 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532  the reference was to cannabis which is a class C controlled drug.  Mr Turia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3814821  knew }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 that he was making}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3814821  an offer of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 cannabis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4592016 , whether of direct supply or through a third party, on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3814821 each occasion}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532\charrsid10825470 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4608445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4608445\charrsid6913686 Conclusion
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2193100 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [98]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb300\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10825470 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100 As is apparent I am satisfied,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532  that in relation to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5074453 seven}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4592016 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 particulars }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2193100 the Crown has proved the particular beyond reasonable doubt as being occasions when Mr Turia offered to supply cannabis.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532   Three }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100 
of these occasions were where Mr Turia offered to supply cannabis directly to the person enquiring}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100  and fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4592016 u}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4592016  are instances where}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100  he offered to supply but the offer was made as an intermediary.  These are as follows:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2193100 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s60\qj \fi-447\li1440\ri0\sb360\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls45\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8089569 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100 5 February 2021 (268274146)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8089569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 No offer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3429802 supply.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2193100 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}25 April 2021 (6827108)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8089569 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532  Offer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100  to supply directly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2193100 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}7 May 2021 (2 Samuel Ioane}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 ).  Offer }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4592016 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100  supply }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3429802 directly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2193100 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}14 May 2021 (268278240 and Samuel Ioane)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 Offer to supply as intermediary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3429802 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2193100 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2193100 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}16 September 2021 (268272840)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532  Offer to supply as intermediary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2193100 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}1 October 2021 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 268280376)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825470 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532  No offer to supply.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2193100 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100 29 November 2021 (268271459)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 .  Offer to suppliers intermediary.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2193100 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100 10 December 2021 (268271459)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 .  Offer to supply direct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4592016 ly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2193100 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2193100 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}15 December 2021 (26870103)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175532 .  Offer to suppliers }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3429802 intermediary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4608445 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s60 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid1063240 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [99]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s60\qj \li0\ri0\sb480\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10825470 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1063240 Mr Turia is convicted on the charge of offering to supply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1063240\charrsid1063240  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1063240 a class C controlled drug, namely cannabis, between 5 February 2021 and 15 December 2021 at Aitutaki, to other persons.  The particulars which are proven are set out above.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s60\qc \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15495777 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15495777 Grice J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8850431 
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