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\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15338228  PAGE   \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15604721 18}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15338228 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15338228 
\par }}{\headerf \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7363703 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs28\cf6\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid9708484 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqr\tx8222\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13331288 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE COOK ISLANDS
\par HELD AT RAROTONGA
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqr\tx9356\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6451887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 
(CIVIL DIVISION)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14753610\charrsid15604721 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6451887\charrsid15604721 PLT NO. 7/19
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqr\tx8505\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6451887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid16410307\charrsid15604721 OA}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid4152304\charrsid15604721  N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8211792\charrsid15604721 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8211792\charrsid15604721  1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 /201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8211792\charrsid15604721 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqr\tx9072\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13331288 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\highlight7\langfenp2057\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\highlight7\langfenp2057\insrsid10570835\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-2160\li5760\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid10570835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 IN THE MATTER\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 of the Telecommunications Act 1989 (the \'93Act\'94)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-2160\li5760\ri0\sb120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid1910753 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 AND
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-2160\li5760\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid10570835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 IN THE MATTER\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 of the Radio Regulations 1993 (the \'93Regulations\'94)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-2160\li5760\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid9374445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 AND
\par IN THE MATTER\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 of the Constitution of the Cook Islands
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid144300\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 AND
\par IN THE MATTER\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 of the Declaratory Judgments Act 1994
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3277755\charrsid15604721 BETWEEN\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 ORAMA LIMITED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 , a duly incorporated company having its registered office at Rarotonga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14509013\charrsid15604721 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \fi504\li5256\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5256\itap0\pararsid9374445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 Appl}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3277755\charrsid15604721 ic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 ant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6451887\charrsid15604721 /Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-2160\li5760\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid9374445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid870734\charrsid15604721 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 MINISTER FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2849405\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \fi504\li5256\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5256\itap0\pararsid10570835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 First }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 Respond}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14092561\charrsid15604721 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 nt
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-2160\li5760\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid9374445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 AND\tab 
TELECOM COOK ISLANDS LIMITED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 , a company incorporated under the Companies Act 1970-71
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs18\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \fi504\li5256\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5256\itap0\pararsid9374445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 Second Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10570835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\highlight7\langfenp2057\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-2160\li5760\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid9374445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 AND\tab 
ATTORNEY GENERAL
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \fi504\li5256\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5256\itap0\pararsid9374445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9374445\charrsid15604721 Third Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3277755 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\highlight7\langfenp2057\insrsid14753610\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\highlight7\langfenp2057\insrsid3277755\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15498804 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\highlight7\langfenp2057\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-1843\li1843\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1843\itap0\pararsid13331288 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid16410307\charrsid15604721 Hearing }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2184357\charrsid15604721 Date}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid545242\charrsid15604721 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid10297060\charrsid15604721 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6451887\charrsid15604721 25 May}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3958682\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7363703\charrsid15604721 2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\highlight7\langfenp2057\insrsid545242\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx1843\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13331288 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6451887\charrsid15604721 Appearances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid1145680\charrsid15604721 Mr B Mason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid545242\charrsid15604721 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15498534\charrsid15604721 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2184357\charrsid15604721 pplicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid6451887\charrsid15604721 /Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13901998\charrsid15604721 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid545242\charrsid15604721 Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7363703\charrsid15604721 S C Baker}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6451887\charrsid15604721 , Solicitor General,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid545242\charrsid15604721  for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7363703\charrsid15604721 First and Third }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid545242\charrsid15604721 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7363703\charrsid15604721 s
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9531947\charrsid15604721 No appearance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6451887\charrsid15604721  for Second Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2849405\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\highlight7\langfenp2057\insrsid14753610\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7363703\charrsid15604721 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14753610\charrsid15604721 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9255467\charrsid15604721 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid1119520\charrsid15604721 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3167540\charrsid15604721 September}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721  2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14753610\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4152304 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \tx5103\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid545242 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langfenp5129\insrsid7363703\charrsid15604721 JUDGMENT O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langfenp5129\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 F }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langfenp5129\insrsid12588017\charrsid15604721 THE HONOURABLE JUSTICE DAME JUDITH POTTER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langfenp5129\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs14\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 [096}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs14\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3958682\charrsid15604721 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs14\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 .dss]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs14\lang5129\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13331288\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11955697 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 Introduction
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 The applicant, Orama Limited (\'93Orama\'94) issued proceedings on 10 February 2017 seeking certain declaratory orders relating to s 4 of the Telecommunications Act 1989 (\'93the Act\'94
) and the exclusivity of the second respondent (\'93Telecom\'94) in respect of telecommunications in the Cook Islands.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s22\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4746661 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs24\f0\super\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703 Ora
ma has also issued proceedings (OA 7/2020) for judicial review of the first respondent\rquote s decision on 9 September 2015 declining Orama\rquote s application for a license under the Radio Regulations 1993 to operate radio apparatus for }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3167540 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3167540 )}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703  cell phone network and (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3167540 2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703  gro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3167540 und to satellite communications}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 
On 29 October 2019 Orama filed an Application to Set Down Special Case for Hearing.  The parties are agreed the application falls under Rule 197 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the High Court for a question of l
aw arising in the action to be stated as a special case for the opinion of the Court.  They have concurred, as required by R 197, in the question of law to be stated:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1523220\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1523220\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri571\sb240\sa160\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid1523220\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1523220\charrsid15604721 \'93
May a licensee holding and using radio apparatuses licensed by the First Respondent to operate a cell phone network or to communicate with satellites, issued pursuant to Part V of the Act, operate such network or communicate with such satellites without a
n agreement with Telecom Cook Islands Limited where the licensee does not seek to use any of Telecom Cook Islands Limited\rquote s network?\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 The parties agree the question stated focuses on statutory interpretation.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15686361\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 Previous det}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 erminations on questions of law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 Two questions of law have previously been determined in this proceeding by Doherty J.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4746661 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703 Orama Limited v. Minister Charged with Responsibility for Telecommunications,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703 Telecom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3167540 and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703  Attorney General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703 , OA 1/2017, 30 November 2017 (NZT).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8413269\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1523220\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1523220\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1523220\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-502\li1276\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls8\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid1523220\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1523220\charrsid15604721 
Does section 4 of the Act apply to any radio frequency produced by radio apparatus licensed under the Radio Regulations 1993 (\'93the regulations\'94); and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1523220\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}
Does the Minister have under the regulations the power, subject to any other lawful requirements, to grant a license to a person allowing that person to use apparatus for the purpose of operating:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1523220\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-502\li1843\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls8\ilvl1\rin0\lin1843\itap0\pararsid1523220\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1523220\charrsid15604721 A cell phone network and/or
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1523220\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}Ground to satellite communications?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11955697\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 Doherty J answered \'93No\'94 to question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1523220\charrsid15604721 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721  and \'93Yes\'94 to both questions 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1523220\charrsid15604721 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1523220\charrsid15604721 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11955697\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4746661\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 
Thus, Doherty J decided that by virtue of s 5(b), exclusivity under s 4 of the Act does not apply to any radio frequency produced by radio apparatus license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9861151\charrsid15604721 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 pursuant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 
 to Part V of the Act and the Minister is authorised to grant licenses to use apparatus for a cell phone network and ground to satellite communications.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4746661\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4746661\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 However, Doherty J observed obiter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri571\sa160\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid3756978 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1523220\charrsid15604721 [27]  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7223040\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1523220\charrsid15604721  Orama and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721  Telecom both agree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1523220\charrsid15604721  that the regulations do 
not restrain the Minister from issuing a licence that would permit the operation of a cell phone network and/or ground to satellite communications.  But Telecom submits that the operation of such networks and communications would cross the threshold from 
a
 radio frequency produced by licensed radio apparatus permissible under section 5(b) of the Act to a telecommunications network which is prohibited under section 4.  The effect being that if Orama was granted such licences it would be prohibited from usin
g those licences (because of exclusivity granted to Telecom by section 4(1)) absent any agreement with Telecom (section 4(4)).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 \'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri571\sb240\sa160\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid7223040 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7223040\charrsid15604721 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7223040\charrsid15604721 ]   In a minute dated 16 March 2017, the Chief Justice directed 
that matters in evidence in previous proceedings (Plaint 19/2015) were to form part of the evidence in this proceeding.  While Orama has not introduced evidence into what it means by cell phone network or ground satellite communications, it is clear from 
perusal of Orama\rquote s application for a radio communication licence (evidence in Plaint 19/2015) that it is intended to \'93supply wireless telecommunications services to the public\'94 and that it intended to implement a \'93network infrastructure
\'94 to at least two of the islands making up the Cook Islands.
\par [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7223040\charrsid15604721 ]  
 Telecom argues that this evidence, together with the definition of the Act (see para [7] above) shows the intent of Orama but while the Minister might have power to issue and grant individual licences allowing
 a person to use apparatus for the purpose of operating both a cell phone network and ground to satellite telecommunications, the effect of section 4(4) is that the licensee would require the agreement of Telecom to do so.  Whether the effect of the grant
 
of a number of licences so as to enable operation of a network offends against exclusivity granted to Telecom is another matter and outside the scope of the determination the Court is required to make at this stage.  But the intention of a party applying 
for a licence might well be relevant to the consideration of the application.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7763579 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 The parties accept that the application of }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3756978\charrsid15604721 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 
4 of the Act to the factual situation in this case addressed by the agreed question stated, has not been decided by the Court.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11955697 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 ackground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11955697\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 The Act has been repealed by the Telecommunications Act 2019 which together with the Competition and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7763579\charrsid15604721 Regulatory }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 Authority Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7763579\charrsid15604721  2019}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 
 came into force on 13 December 2019.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11955697\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15946148\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 Counsel for the respondents 
explained from the Bar that this legislation creates a new regime under which Telecom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9861151\charrsid15604721 \rquote s exclusivity/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 monopoly will be phased out over four years with licenses to other operators }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9861151\charrsid15604721 being }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 issued in a considered manner, one per annum, to preserve and protect tel
ecommunications for Rarotonga and the Outer Islands on an economically viable basis, but maintaining government control over the telecommunications network for the Cook Islands as under the Act.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15946148\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15946148\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15946148\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 With the passage of the 2019 legislation, Telecom did not participate in this proceeding.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15946148\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15946148\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15946148\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 Orama maintains its application for a licen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9861151\charrsid15604721 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 e was wrongly declined on 9 September 2015.  It seeks a licen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13514962\charrsid15604721 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 e under the Act to support a \'93first in line\'94 position under the 2019 legislation.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1910753\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1910753\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1910753\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 Statutory }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 rovisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11955697\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1910753\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1910753\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1910753\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 The preamble to the Act states it is:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7223040\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7223040\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7168136\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 \'93an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3756978\charrsid15604721 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 ct to regulate the law relating to telecommunications and connected purposes.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15498804\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li567\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid144300\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid144300\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 At the heart of the question stated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9861151\charrsid15604721 for determination }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 are s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3756978\charrsid15604721 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721  4 and 5 of the Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid1910753\charrsid15604721 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s22\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid1910753 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs24\f0\super\insrsid1910753\charrsid7363703 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1910753\charrsid7363703  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1910753 As a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1910753\charrsid7363703 mended by the T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1910753 elecommunications }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1910753\charrsid7363703 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1910753 mendment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1910753\charrsid7363703 A
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1910753 ct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1910753\charrsid7363703  1991}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1910753  which deleted from section 2 of the Telecommunication Act 1989 the term \'93network operator\'94 (meaning the Company), and which stated in section 4 that \'93
The principal Act is amended by deleting therefrom every reference to network operator wherever that reference appears and substituting with all necessary modification, reference to the Company.\'94}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9708484\charrsid15604721 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10763319\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7168136\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sl276\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3754060\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7223040\charrsid15604721 \'934.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\ul\insrsid7223040\charrsid15604721 Protection of Network}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4461101\charrsid15604721 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\ul\insrsid6177708\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\ul\insrsid6964282\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7223040\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7223040\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-425\li1843\ri571\sb240\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls8\ilvl2\rin571\lin1843\itap0\pararsid3754060\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7223040\charrsid15604721 
No person other than the Company shall erect, construct, establish, operate or maintain any network.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7223040\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}
Every person who contravenes this section commits an offence, and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,000 for each day during which the offence continues.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7223040\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}The High Court may order that any revenue earned by a person in the course o
f committing an offence against this section be forfeited to the Crown.  Every such order shall specify the amount to be forfeited.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7223040\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab}
Nothing in this section shall prohibit the operation of any telecommunications links by a person other than }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721 the Company 
who owns the links where the operation is in accordance with an agreement with the Company}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li2700\ri571\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin2700\itap0\pararsid3754060\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri571\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid3754060\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721 5.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\ul\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721 Telecommunication links}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721  \endash  Section 4 shall not apply to:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li1800\ri571\sb240\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls9\rin571\lin1800\itap0\pararsid3754060\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721 Any line that is situated entirely on land for the 
time being wholly owned or occupied by the same person or persons, so long as the line does not run along, across, or over any public thoroughfare and is not, or would not normally be, connected with the network of the Company; or
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}Any radio frequency produced by radio apparatus licensed pursuant to Part V of this Act.
\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7168136\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3754060\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 Section 6 is also relevant:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3754060\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-131\li851\ri571\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin851\itap0\pararsid3754060\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721 \'936.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\ul\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721 Interference with network}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721  \endash 
 (1) No person shall, without the agreement of the Company, connect any additional line, apparatus, or equipment to any part of a network owned, leased or operated by the Company.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4746661\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1909645\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 By definition in s 2 (Interpretation)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1909645\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri573\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin573\lin720\itap0\pararsid1909645\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 \'93Company\'94
 means Telecom Cook Islands Limited a company incorporated under the Companies Act 1970-71;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri571\sb240\sa160\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid1909645\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 \'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri571\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid1909645\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs14\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri571\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid1909645\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721 \'93L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 ine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721  means}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721 
 a wire or wires or a conductor of any kind (including fibre optic cable) used or intended to be used for the transmission or reception of signs, signals, impulses, writing, images, sounds or intelligence of any nature by means of any electromagnetic syst
em; and includes any pole, insulator, casing, fixing, tunnel, or other equipment or material used or intended to be used for supporting, enclosing, surrounding or protecting any such wire or conductor; and also includes any part of a line;
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721 \'93N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 etwork}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721  means}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721  
a system comprising of telecommunications links to permit telecommunications, other than any system used solely for broadcasting (as defined in the Broadcasting Act 1989);
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 \'85
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3754060\charrsid15604721 \'93R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 adio }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 requency}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721  means}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721  electromagnetic waves of frequencies between 9 kilohertz and 3000 gigahertz propagated in space without artificial guide;
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 \'93Radio Fr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 equency }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 anagement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 \'94
 is the management of all things pursuant to the Radio Frequency allocation and use including the issue of Radio licences;
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 \'85
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 Telecommunications}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 \'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721  means}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 
 any transmission, emission or reception of information of any nature including signs, signals, impulse, written matter, images, sounds, instruction, information or intelligence of any kind by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems;
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 elecommunications l}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 ink}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721  means}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721  a line, radio, frequency or other medium used for telecommunications.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s22\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4746661 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs24\f0\super\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703 The comma after \'93radio\'94
 in the definition of telecommunications link appears to be an error.  The reference should be to \'93radio frequency\'94.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7168136\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 By definition in s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4612134\charrsid15604721 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 29 of the Act which is the interpretation section for Part V (Licensing and Regulation of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 R}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 adio }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 pparatus}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1909645\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri571\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid8457738\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 \'93Radio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 communication}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721  means}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721  any transmission emission, or reception of signs, signals, wiring, images, sounds or intelligence of 
any nature by electromagnetic waves of frequencies between 9 kilohertz and 3000 gigahertz, propagated in space without artificial guide;
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8457738\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 Radio Apparatus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721 \'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721  means}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1909645\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8457738\charrsid15604721 
any apparatus intended for the purpose of effecting radiocommunications, whether by transmission or reception, or both;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7168136\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4746661\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 Statutory }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 nterpretation:  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 pproach
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7168136\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11624885\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 There is common ground as to the applicable provisions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7763579\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2957674\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2957674\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2957674\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11624885\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 Article 65(2) of the Cook Islands Constitution states:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7168136\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri571\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid8457738\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8457738\charrsid15604721 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\insrsid8457738\charrsid15604721 Construction of law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8457738\charrsid15604721 
\par 65
\par (1)\'85
\par (2) Every enactment, and every provision thereof shall be deemed remedial, whether its immediate purpose is to direct the doing of any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13514962\charrsid15604721 thing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid8457738\charrsid15604721  that the enacting authority deems to be for the public good, or to prevent or punish the doing of anything it deems contrary to the public good, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\insrsid8457738\charrsid15604721 
and shall accordingly receive such fair, large, and liberal construction and interpretation as will best ensure the attainment of the object of the enactment or provision thereof according to its true intent, meaning and spirit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid13514962\charrsid15604721  (emphasis provided).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8457738\charrsid15604721 (3)\'85\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4746661\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8457738\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
This provision is consistent with s 5(j) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1924 (NZ) (repealed in New Zealand by the Interpretation Act 1999 but continuing in force in the Cook Islands by s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4612134\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 622 of the Cook Islands Act 1915).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7168136\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7168136\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 Section 5(j) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1924 (NZ) states:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7168136\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri571\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid11490981\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11490981\charrsid15604721 \'93(j) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid15604721   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11490981\charrsid15604721 
 Every Act, and every provision or enactment thereof, shall be deemed remedial, whether its immediate purport is to direct the doing of anything Parliament deems to be for the pu
blic good, or to prevent or punish the doing of anything it deems contrary to the public good, and shall accordingly receive such fair, large, and liberal construction and interpretation as will best ensure the attainment of the object of the Act or provi
sion thereof according to its true intent, meaning and spirit.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7168136\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11490981\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 Section 5(d) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1924 (NZ) relevantly provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11490981\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7168136\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri571\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid11490981\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11490981\charrsid15604721 \'93(d) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11490981\charrsid15604721  The law should be considered as always speaking, and whenever any matter or thing is expressed in the pr
esent tense the same shall be applied to the circumstances as they arise, so that the effect may be given to each Act and every part thereof according to its spirit, true intent and meaning.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7168136\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 In New Zealand, s 5(1) of the Interpretation Act 1999 conf
irms the purposive approach.  It states:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7168136\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri571\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid11490981\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11490981\charrsid15604721 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11490981\charrsid15604721 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11490981\charrsid15604721   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 The meaning of an enactment must be ascertained from its text and in the light of its purpose\'94.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1862759\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1862759\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
Mervin Communications Limited v. Telecom Cook Islands Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s22\ql \fi-567\li567\ri-138\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-138\lin567\itap0\pararsid7700215 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid8784409 
Mervin Communications Limited v. Telecom Cook Islands Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703 , OA 1/08, 29 October 2008 (NZT), Grice J.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721  the applicant sought a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3756978\charrsid15604721 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 eclaratory }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3756978\charrsid15604721 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 
rder which required the interpretation of ss 4 and 5 of the Act and relevant definitions in the Act.  Grice J said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7168136\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1862759\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri571\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid15338228\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11490981\charrsid15604721 \'93
18.  The modern trend in statutory interpretation of legislation is toward a \'93purposive\'94
 interpretation.  The words are to be read in their context and, with a view to giving effect to the purpose of the legislation.  However, the actual words remain th
e most important single factor in statutory interpretation.  The most natural meaning of those words in their context taking into account their purpose should be sought.  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11490981\charrsid15604721 
Burrows, JF, Statute Law in New Zealand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11490981\charrsid15604721 , 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\super\insrsid11490981\charrsid15604721 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11490981\charrsid15604721  Ed. Butterworths. 1999. Wellington at p1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9784961\charrsid15604721 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11490981\charrsid15604721 9).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11490981\charrsid15604721 19.   The words \'93satellite\'94 and \'93earth station\'94 are not words which actually appear in the Telecommunications Act 1989.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11490981\charrsid15604721 20.   In any event, new developments, especially technological often overtak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid15604721 
e the relevant Act.  Normally an \'93ambulatory\'94 or \'93updating\'94 approach is applied as long as the developments are within the purpose of the Act.
\par 
\par 21.   For instance the New Zealand Copyright Act 1962 was held to apply to computer source codes as being within the scope of \'93literary works\'94 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid15604721 International Busine
ss Machines Corp v. Computer Imports Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid15604721  [1989] 2 NZLR 395).
\par 
\par 22.   According to Mr Davies\rquote  affidavit evidence, the international satellite communication and earth station had been established by the time the Telecommunications Act 1989 was passed.  Ho
wever at that time there was no satellite communication with the outer islands.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1119520\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs8\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4746661\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15338228\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15811586\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 
Doherty J adopted the approach of Grice J in determining the two questions of law referred to above.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s22\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15946148 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid7363703  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15946148\charrsid15946148 See [4] above}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4461101\charrsid15946148 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15811586\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4746661\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 Evidence of Stuart Leslie Davies
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4746661\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 
The Crown filed an affidavit by Mr Davies dated 6 February 2020 which the Crown explained in submissions, was to assist the Court as to the intended purpose of the Act.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4746661\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7363703\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7363703\charrsid15604721 Mr Mason, while not seeking to cross examine Mr Davies, objected to the evidence 
being admitted, but if admitted he submitted it should be given little weight.  Counsel noted that Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4612134\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7363703\charrsid15604721 Davies, not a lawyer, was the author of the first draft of the Bill which preceded the Act, and submitted that in expressing his intentions for the Bill M
r Davies lacked credentials in statutory interpretation and was not in a position to state the policy and purpose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721  of the legislation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4746661\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15156454\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 Mr Mason referred to extracts from Hansard 1989 (22 December
 1989) noting that while there were references to expanding telecommunication services to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9531947\charrsid15604721 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
uter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9531947\charrsid15604721 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 slands, there was no mention of exclusivity for Telecom.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15156454\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
Mr Davies was the Director General of the Cook Islands Post Office from 1987 to 1991, and was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Telecom on 1 April 1991.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15156454\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 Much of the content of Mr Davies\rquote  affidavit is factual.  He describes two event}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9060736\charrsid15604721 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721  occurring in parallel in 1989:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15156454\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri571\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid9060736\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid15604721 \'85  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 First}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid15604721 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721  privatisation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid15604721  of the telecom division of CIPO by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9060736\charrsid15604721 
Cook Islands Government.  Second, the Government had a desire to improve the telecommunications for the outer islands, which at that time were provided by unreliable Single 
Sideband (SSB) High Frequency (HF) radio service.  The service provided only two radio channels that were shared between all the outer islands.  This mean}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9784961\charrsid15604721 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9060736\charrsid15604721  that the phone circuits had to be scheduled to different times for each island and provided poor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 quality voice circuits.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15156454\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs32\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
In 1989 Cable & Wireless PLC was responsible for international communications between the Cook Islands and the outside world and was a monopoly.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15156454\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 Mr Davies says he advised the g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9531947\charrsid15604721 overnment that privatising the t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 elecom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9531947\charrsid15604721 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 ivision of the Cook Islands Post Office and improving the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9531947\charrsid15604721 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 uter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9531947\charrsid15604721 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
slands telecommunications would only be feasible if operated together with international communications.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15156454\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 He recounts that he was asked by the government to set up a company to provide both do
mestic and international communications.  The government wanted the company to be protected by legislation and Mr Davies was tasked to draft a Telecommunications Bill.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15156454\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 Mr Davies then provides his opinion as to the intention of the Act:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15156454\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri571\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid9060736\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9060736\charrsid15604721 \'93The intentio
n of the Act was to merge domestic and international telecommunications into a new private company and give the new company a monopoly for all Cook Islands telecommunications.  The company was to be called Telecom Cook Islands Limited.  The Act in section
 2 defines \lquote Company\rquote  to mean Telecom Cook Islands Limited.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15156454\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
He records that on 5 July 1990 Telecom Cook Islands Limited was incorporated as a private Cook Islands company.  It was 60 percent owned by the Cook Islands Government and 40 percent by Telecom New Zealand.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15156454\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
Mr Davies explains that Telecom did not exist in 1989 when the Act was passed so when Telecom was incorporated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s22\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid5114243 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs24\f0\super\insrsid15338228\charrsid5114243 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid5114243  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid5114243 On 5 July 1990.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721  there was an amendment to the Act in 1991 so that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15617087\charrsid15604721 the Act and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 actions before Telecom was incorporated, referred to Telecom specifically and not just any network operator.  The term 
\'93network operator\'94 in the Act was replaced with \'93company\'94, the intention being that only Telecom could provide domestic and international telecommunications in the Cook Islands.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15156454\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
Mr Davies states that a monopoly was essential for the operation of Telecom because the improvement in telecommunications involved satellite communications, causing a huge escalation of operating costs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9784961\charrsid15604721 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4461101\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9784961\charrsid15604721 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 he Outer Isl
and services were not commercially viable (as is still the case today with the exception of Aitutaki).  There was considerable doubt that Telecom would be viable.  Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4612134\charrsid15604721  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 Davies states that s 4 of the Act was a key part of the Act and necessary due to the concern as to the viability of Telecom.  He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15617087\charrsid15604721 says }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
the intention of s 4 was to ensure that only Telecom could construct, own and operate a telecommunications network in the Cook Islands.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15156454\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 He goes on to explain the exceptions to s 4 in s 5 of the Act.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15156454\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
Section 5(a) was intended to exclude telecommunications networks located entirely on a private individual\rquote s property.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15156454\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
Section 5(b) was intended to exclude radio communication services for ships (maritime mobile service located on board a vessel) and the aeronautical mobile service (he notes that s 30(2) of the Act specif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 ical}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 ly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721  refers to ships and aircraft}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9531947\charrsid15604721 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 .  Also excluded was the radio amateur service for personal hobby use (HAM).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15156454\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5114243\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15617087\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 Mr Davies explains that when the Act was passed a 
commercial mobile cellular service did not exist in the Cook Islands.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617087\charrsid15604721  
It was not appreciated the many extraordinary ways that telecommunications technology could evolve, including mobile cellular technology}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9708484\charrsid15604721 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15617087\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15617087\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617087\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 Mr Davies summarises that the overall aim 
of the Act was to secure for Telecom a monopoly over domestic and international telecommunications, irrespective of the technology used.  With this security Telecom was expected to improve telecommunications in the Outer Islands and on Rarotonga, which he
 believes Telecom did despite telecommunications with the Outer Islands running at a commercial loss.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5114243\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [42]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 The extracts from Hansard on 22 December 1989 (handed up in Court), when the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15617087\charrsid15604721 Telecommunications}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721  Bill received its second and third readings, offer little assistance.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5114243\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [43]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 Mr Davies\rquote 
 evidence is the best available to the Court as to the factual background and environment in which the Act was passed and as to its purpose and intent.  Mr Davies provides relevant helpful evidence from a background of strong experience.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5114243\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [44]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 Mervin}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \fi-567\li567\ri-138\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-138\lin567\itap0\pararsid9132836 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid15338228\charrsid5114243 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid5114243  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14832329\charrsid8784409 Mervin Communications Limited v. Telecom Cook Islands Limited}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14832329\charrsid7363703 , OA 1/08, 29 October 2008 (NZT), Grice J.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 
 Grice J quoted extensively from an affidavit filed by Mr Davies and relied upon his evidence as to the background, purpose and intent of the Act, including}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4796666\charrsid15604721 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid5114243 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid15338228\charrsid5114243 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid5114243  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid5114243 At para 16.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1862759\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1862759\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1862759\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri571\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid6571747\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid8918109\charrsid15604721 \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 it is clear that the company would not embark on the huge capital expenditure on unprofitable services unless it had a monopoly}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1862759\charrsid15604721 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1862759\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6571747\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [45]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 
I accept the evidence of Mr Davies and his opinion that the overall aim and purpose of the Act was to secure for Telecom a monopoly over domestic and international communications, irrespective of the technology used.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5114243\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5114243\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 Orama\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 ubmissions
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5114243\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [46]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 Orama contends for a literal interpretation of the applicable statutory provisions in seeking a 
\'93Yes\'94 answer to the agreed question, namely:  that a licensee holding and using radio apparatus issued by the first respondent (Minister) to operate a cell phone network or
 to communicate with satellites, issued pursuant to Part V of the Act, may operate such network or communicate with such satellites without an agreement with Telecom where the licensee does not seek to use any of Telecom\rquote s network.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5114243\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [47]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 Section 5 of the Act is headed Telecommunications Links.  Orama relies principally on subsection
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4796666\charrsid15604721  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14832329\charrsid15604721 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4796666\charrsid15604721 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2959760\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 of s 5 which excludes from the protection of the network afforded Telecom by s 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4796666\charrsid15604721 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721  \'93any radio frequency produced by radio apparatus license pursuant to Part V of the Act\'94.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5114243\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5114243\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8131797\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [48]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8131797\charrsid15604721 Mr Mason emphasised in submissions that \'93
the actual words remain the most important single factor in statutory interpretation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4796666\charrsid15604721 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid8131797\charrsid15604721 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \fi-567\li567\ri-138\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-138\lin567\itap0\pararsid2957674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid15338228\charrsid15867550 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid15867550  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15338228 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid15867550 Mervin Communications Limited v. Telecom Cook Islands Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2957674 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2957674\charrsid8651642 OA 1/08, 29 October 2008 (NZT), Grice J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid8651642 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8131797\charrsid15604721  and other considerations, even unfortunate consequences \'93
cannot prevail against the clear and express wording of an Act\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8918109\charrsid15604721 , citing Re:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1210736\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8918109\charrsid15604721 Seaspray Enterprises }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6038143\charrsid15604721 Limited.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid1210736\charrsid15604721 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \fi-567\li567\ri0\sb60\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid3547203 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid1210736\charrsid15867550 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1210736\charrsid15867550  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1210736 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1210736\charrsid15867550 Re: Seaspray Enterprises Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1210736\charrsid15867550 , Application No. 24/2021, 3 May 2021, Williams CJ & Potter J. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1210736 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1210736\charrsid3547203 I note the issue of statutory interpretation addressed in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1210736\charrsid3547203 Seaspray}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1210736\charrsid3547203 
 arose under a modern statute, the Companies Act 2017 which came into force on 10 December 2019, and the quoted passage related to an emphatic and unambiguous provision that declared a \'93nullity\'94
 companies not re-registered under the 2017 Act within a specified time.  The Court considered use of the peremptory \'93must\'94 as distinct from the discretionary \'93may\'94 in interpreting the rel
evant section.  The words quoted by Mr Mason must be read in this context.  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6038143\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6038143\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6038143\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8131797\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [49]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8131797\charrsid15604721 Orama submits that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721  even by taking a purposive approach to the interpretation of ss 4 and 5, the agreement of Telecom cannot be a prerequisite under s 4(4) because by virtue
 of s 5(b), subsections (1) and (4) of s 4 simply have no application to a licensee of radio apparatus under Part V of the Act, and Doherty J has determined the authority of the Minister to issue such licenses for the purpose of operating a cell phone net
work and/or ground to satellite communications.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8131797\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12660504\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [50]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 
Further, that if on a purposive approach to interpretation it is accepted that s 4 creates monopoly control of all forms of telecommunications, there is nothing to suggest Parliament intended the monopol
y to vest solely in Telecom.  Rather, that the Crown, either directly or indirectly, should ultimately control telecommunications to ensure the viability financially of extending communications to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14832329\charrsid15604721 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 uter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14832329\charrsid15604721 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 slands.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12660504\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [51]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 Counsel referred to s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4612134\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 6 in support of this position contending that s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4612134\charrsid15604721  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 6 contemplates the possibility of operations in the network and ownership of a network by a person other than Telecom.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12660504\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [52]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 Mr Mason submitted that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8864784\charrsid15604721 unless}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721  section 5(b) is given the meaning and interpretation for which Orama contends, s 6 is \'93otiose\'94
 because all other network activities are otherwise excluded by s 4.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12660504\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [53]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 Mr Mason also submitted that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 Merv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8784409\charrsid15604721 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \fi-567\li567\ri-138\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-138\lin567\itap0\pararsid2957674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid15338228\charrsid8784409 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid8784409  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid8784409 Mervin Communications Limited v. Telecom Cook Islands Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2957674 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2957674\charrsid8651642 OA 1/08, 29 October 2008 (NZT), Grice J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15338228\charrsid8651642 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 
 does not materially assist in the interpretation and application of s 5(b) as it relates to a factual situation which fell for determination in terms of the exemption to s 4 under s 5(a).  I agree with this submission.  The relevance of the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 Merv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8784409\charrsid15604721 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 n}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721  ju
dgment to the question before the Court is twofold;  the acceptance and reliance of Grice J on the affidavit evidence of Stuart Davies and adoption of the ambulatory approach to interpretation of the statutory provisions in issue.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10238296\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [54]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 In summary Orama submitted:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10238296\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-502\li1276\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls7\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid10238296\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 
The natural meaning of words used in s 5(b) of the Act mean the first respondent may grant to persons apparatus license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8864784\charrsid15604721 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721  without those persons being prohibited from or needing consent or approval of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2959760\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12727380\charrsid15604721 Telecom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 to create a network from radio communications emitted from those apparatus, linking into Telecom\rquote s own network }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3350664\charrsid15604721 ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 cepted.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1276\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid16678888\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16678888\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16678888\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-502\li1276\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls7\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid10238296\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16678888\charrsid15604721 This interpretation is consistent with the legislative intent of givin
g the Crown control of telecommunications either through its majority ownership of the second respondent or through the first respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16678888\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16678888\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16678888\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-502\li1276\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls7\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid10238296\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16678888\charrsid15604721 
It is consistent with the legislative intent that the control of the first respondent has increased (through technological advances) over time given the Crown no longer has a majority interest in the second respondent (and has not since 1996).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1276\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid16678888\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16678888\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16678888\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-502\li1276\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls7\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid16678888\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16678888\charrsid15604721 
This interpretation of the legislation renders the Act more likely to be saved by Article 64(2) although it is contrary to Article 64(1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid16678888\charrsid15604721 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid2957674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid15338228\charrsid16678888 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid16678888  \tab Orama refers to the right to \'93freedom of expression\'94
 stated in Art. 64(1) of the Constitution and applied to statutory interpretation by Art. 65(1) of the Constitution.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16678888\charrsid15604721 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12660504\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9316258\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 Respondents\rquote  submissions
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs14\insrsid9316258\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [55]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 
The respondents submit that a purposive approach should be taken to the interpretation of ss 4 and 5 of the Act, citing from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9060736\charrsid15604721 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 ommerce }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9060736\charrsid15604721 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 ommission }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9060736\charrsid15604721 v.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721  Fonterra Co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9060736\charrsid15604721 -operative Group Ltd}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid8651642\charrsid15604721 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid8651642 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid8651642\charrsid8651642 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid8651642\charrsid8651642  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid8651642\charrsid8651642 Commerce Commission v. Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8651642\charrsid8651642  [2007]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9316258 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5597739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5597739\charrsid9316258 NZSC 36}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9316258 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid8651642\charrsid9316258  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8651642\charrsid8651642 at [22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8651642 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9060736\charrsid15604721 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11805709\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri571\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid11805709\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9060736\charrsid15604721 \'93
It is necessary to bear in mind that s 5 of the Interpretation Act 1999 makes text and purpose the key drivers of statutory in
terpretation.  The meaning of an enactment must be ascertained from its text and in the light of its purpose.  Even if the meaning of the text may appear plain in isolation of purpose, that meaning should always }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721 be cross checked against purpose in order to observe the dual requirements of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4612134\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721 5.  In determining purpose the court must obviously have regard to both the immediate and the general legislative context.  Of relevance too may be the social, commercial and other objective of the enactment.\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9060736\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12660504\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [56]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 Further reference was made to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 Burro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721  Carter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 at page 220}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s22\ql \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid2957674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs24\f0\super\insrsid15338228\charrsid3412316 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid3412316  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid3412316 Burro}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11805709 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid3412316 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11805709 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid3412316 
 Carter on Statute Law in New Zealand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid3412316 , 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\super\insrsid15338228\charrsid3412316 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid3412316 
 Edition, dated June 2015.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11805709\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri571\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid11805709\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721 \'93\'85 the modern trend is towards a \'93
purposive\'94
 interpretation where the words of the legislation are read in their fullest context, and with a view to giving effect to the purpose of the legislation.  Briefly put, there is overall a desire that legislation should work as Parliament intended it to wor
k.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11805709\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 The respondents also referred to the adoption by Doherty J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9316258\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8784409\charrsid15604721 of the reasoning of Grice J in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8784409\charrsid15604721 Mervin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid9316258\charrsid15604721 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \fi-567\li567\ri-138\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-138\lin567\itap0\pararsid9316258 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid9316258\charrsid8784409 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9316258\charrsid8784409  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9316258\charrsid8784409 Mervin Communications Limited v. Telecom Cook Islands Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9316258 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9316258\charrsid2957674  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9316258\charrsid8651642 OA 1/08, 29 October 2008 (NZT), Grice J.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6169083\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2959760\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8784409\charrsid15604721 
that the modern trend in statutory interpretation is towards a purposive approach while the actual words remain the most important single factor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12660504\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8784409\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8784409\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8784409\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [57]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8784409\charrsid15604721 In relation to the \'93ambulatory\'94 or \'93updating\'94
 approach when new developments, especially technological, overtake the relevant Act, referred to by Grice J at [20] the respondents cited from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8784409\charrsid15604721 Burro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8784409\charrsid15604721 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8784409\charrsid15604721  Carter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721  at page 403:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8784409\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11805709\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri571\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid11805709 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721 \'93(b)  Problems caused by the passage of time
\par \'85
\par (ii)   New developments
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri571\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid11805709\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721 
Very often new developments and inventions overtake an old Act.  These developments could often not have been foreseen by those who passed it.  Questions often arise as to whether these new developments are covered by the Act.  The courts normally accept 
an \'93ambulatory\'94 or \'93updating\'94
 approach, and find that the Act does cover these developments, provided two conditions are satisfied;  first, that these developments are within the purpose of the Act; and, secondly, that the words of the Act, albeit of libera
l interpretation, are capable of extending to them.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri571\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid11805709 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721 \'85\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8784409\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8784409\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [58]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 
The respondents submit that the intention and purpose of the Act was to create a statutory monopoly for Telecom over domestic and international telecommunications irrespective of the technology u
sed.  They refer to the evidence of Mr Davies as relevant in determining the intention and purpose.  They note further that there is no provision in the Act for a telephone network operator license, only for licenses for radio apparatus.  Further, that on
 1 January 1990 Telecom was granted an exclusive license by the Cook Islands Government}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2959760\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12727380\charrsid15604721 for}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721  the \'93establishment, management and operation of domestic and international Telecommunication and Telecommunication Systems to, from and within the Cook Islands \'85\'94. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8082845\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2959760\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2959760\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [59]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8413269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721  The respondents contend that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8082845\charrsid15604721 whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 s 4 applies to the present factual situation requires}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10112897\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8082845\charrsid15604721 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 
determination whether the operation of a cell phone network and ground to satellite communications crosses the threshold from a radio frequency produced by 
licensed radio apparatus permissible under s 5(b) of the Act to a telecommunications network prohibited under s 4 of the Act.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3412316\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [60]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3412316\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 The respondents referred to Orama\rquote s application for a licen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8349232\charrsid15604721 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 e attached to its letter dated 16 March 2015 and submitted it is clear that Orama\rquote s intention is to become a \'93
wireless network operator\'94 (a network that employs radio communications rather than physical line links).  The respondent quoted from Orama\rquote s letter of 16 March 2015:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3412316\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri571\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin571\lin720\itap0\pararsid13327260\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11805709\charrsid15604721 \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13327260\charrsid15604721 
hat experience, together with the legal clarifications provided by High Court in 2008, has shown us that the only way of becoming a telecommun
ications service provider in the Cook Islands and establishing a competitive alternative to TCI is to become an wireless network operator.  Wireless telecommunications networks, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2959760\charrsid15604721 
\endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13327260\charrsid15604721  that is, networks that employ radiocommunications rather than physical line links \endash  are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8082845\charrsid15604721 per}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13327260\charrsid15604721 mitted 
to supply telecommunications service in competition with TCI under the Act provided that they hold an appropriate Radiocommunication Licence issued by the Minister.  Accordingly Orama hereby seeks the Minister to exercise the power gi
ven to him under subsection 30(2) of the Telecommunications Act 1989 to grant Orama a Radiocommunications Licence\'85\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid15686361\charrsid15604721 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s22\ql \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid15686361 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid15686361\charrsid15686361 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15686361\charrsid15686361  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15686361 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15686361\charrsid15686361 The reference to \'93legal clarifications provided by the High Court in 2008\'94 appears to be a reference to the judgment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid15686361\charrsid15686361 
Mervin Communications Limited v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid15686361 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid15686361\charrsid15686361  Telecom Cook Islands Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15686361 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15686361\charrsid15686361 OA1/08}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15686361 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13327260\charrsid15604721 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3412316\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11089203\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [61]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2707201\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10112897\charrsid15604721 
respondents submit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 it is clear that the use of a cell phone network and ground to satellite communications crosses the threshold from a radio frequency produced by licensed 
radio apparatus permissible under s 5(b) of the Act to a telecommunications network prohibited under s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4612134\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 4 of the Act.  The licensing powers under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 
Part V of the Act and the regulations facilitate the management of the radio spectrum through the approval of specific apparatus and the allocation of radio frequencies, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8082845\charrsid15604721 but }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 they do not provide a power to license the establishment and construction of a network.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2959760\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2959760\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [62]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3412316\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 
In summary, the respondents submit that the intent and purpose of s 4 was to provide and protect a 
monopoly for Telecom in the provision of domestic and international telecommunications, for justifiable commercial reasons.  Section 5 was intended to provide exceptions but not exceptions that undermine the Telecom monopoly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2959760 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [63]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3412316\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 Therefore the answer to the question stated should be \'93No\'94.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2707201\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2707201\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 Conclusions
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2707201\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [64]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3412316\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 Section 4 of the Act clearly mandates exclusivi
ty for Telecom in all aspects of a telecommunications network in the Cook Islands.  By s 4(1) only Telecom is authorised to erect, construct, establish, operate and maintain any network for telecommunication}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8082845\charrsid15604721 s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4461101\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9725602\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [65]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3412316\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721   Consistently, s 6 prohibits interference with any part of the Telecom network without Telecom
\rquote s consent.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2707201\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [66]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3412316\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 Mr Davies\rquote 
 evidence explains the purpose and intent of the statutory monopoly conferred on Telecom, that it was essential for the commercial viability of the operator (Telecom) to pro
vide and improve telecommunications throughout the Cook Islands, including particularly, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3350664\charrsid15604721 outer i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 slands.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2707201\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [67]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3412316\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 Section 5 provides two exceptions to the Te}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3350664\charrsid15604721 lecom monopoly conferred by s 4.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3350664\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3350664\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3350664\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [68]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3412316\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3350664\charrsid15604721 Section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 
 5(a) excludes lines (wire or wires or a conductor of any kind) situated entirely on private property and not extending beyond the boundaries of the property (the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 Mervin}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721  case concerned the application of the s 5(a) exception)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \fi-567\li567\ri-138\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-138\lin567\itap0\pararsid2957674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid15338228\charrsid2707201 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid2707201  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9132836\charrsid8784409 
Mervin Communications Limited v. Telecom Cook Islands Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2957674 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2957674\charrsid15686361 
OA 1/08, 29 October 2008 (NZT), Grice J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9132836\charrsid15686361 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2707201\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [69]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3412316\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 Section 5(b) excludes \'93any radio frequency produced by radio apparatus license}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8082845\charrsid15604721 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721  pursuant to Part V of this Act.\'94
  As Mr Davies explains, in 1989 there was no commercial mobile cellular service in the Cook Islands.  The exclusion was intended to apply to the license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3350664\charrsid15604721 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 
 apparatus for radio communication services on ships and aircraft, and the HAM radio service.  The evolution of telecommunications technology, including mobile cellular technology which enables the
 establishment and operation of a radio network for widespread communication, was not possible or even contemplated in 1989.  Mr Davies\rquote 
 evidence is helpful in ascertaining and understanding the purpose and intent of s 4 and a limited exceptions to the Telecom monopoly provided by s 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8082845\charrsid15604721 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8082845\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8082845\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3178396\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [70]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3412316\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3178396\charrsid15604721 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 iven the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3547203\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 clear wording used in s 4 in conferring }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3178396\charrsid15604721 the T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 elecom monopoly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3178396\charrsid15604721 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 to apply on the basis of a literal interpretation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3178396\charrsid15604721 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721  a meaning to s 5(b) which permits the establishment and operation of a radio network such as that proposed by Orama which would infringe and undermine Telecom\rquote s monopoly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3178396\charrsid15604721 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 is not logical or supportable.  It would render nugatory or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3178396\charrsid15604721  at best}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721  compromised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3178396\charrsid15604721 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721  the monopoly conferred on Telecom clearly and plainly by s 4, and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3178396\charrsid15604721  would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721  frustrate the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 purpose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 
 and intention of s 4.  To suggest that s 5(b) permits a telecommunications network available through advances in technology}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9725602\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9725602\charrsid15604721 would be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 in competition with Telecom}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3178396\charrsid15604721 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721  is to contradict and undermine the clear monopoly provision in s 4.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3412316\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [71]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3412316\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 The \'93ambulatory\'94 or \'93updating\'94 approach to statutory interpretation explained by }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 Burro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9512539\charrsid15604721 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721 s }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9512539\charrsid15604721 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2707201\charrsid15604721  Carter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs24\i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \fi-567\li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid2957674 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid15338228\charrsid10238296 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid10238296  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid10238296 See above }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid10238296 Burro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9512539 w}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid10238296 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9512539 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid10238296  Carter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid10238296 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3350664 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid10238296 hapter 12; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3350664 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid10238296 ime and statutory interpretation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3350664 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15338228\charrsid10238296  at pg 403}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3350664 .}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15686361\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 would include within s 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2959760\charrsid15604721  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3178396\charrsid15604721 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721  
the Telecom monopoly a telecommunications network created entirely by way of radio frequency.  Accordingly only with the agreement of Telecom could Orama as a licensee under Part V operate a cell phone network or communicate with satellites.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3412316\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10238296\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3178396\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [72]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3412316\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3178396\charrsid15604721 I have not addressed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 Orama\rquote s submissions on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3178396\charrsid15604721 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 
 constitutional issue referred to at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11869043\charrsid15604721 [54](d).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721  
The question stated can be properly answered by the application of basic principles of statutory interpretation.  The constitutional issue is directly raised in Orama\rquote s application for declaratory orders}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2959760\charrsid15604721 .    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10238296\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10238296\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 Result
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10238296\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3350664\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [73]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3412316\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3350664\charrsid15604721 The answer to the question}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721  stated is \'93No\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3350664\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3350664\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3350664\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa160\sl600\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3350664\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3350664\charrsid15604721 Costs
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [74]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3412316\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10238296\charrsid15604721 
I was not addressed on the issue of costs.  If costs are an issue on the separate question rather than in a substantive proceeding (whichever of Orama\rquote 
s actions proceeds) the parties should file memoranda within 21 days of the date of this judgment.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16678888\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16678888\charrsid15604721 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15604721 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12588017\charrsid15604721 Judith Potter, J
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