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\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1
\jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct
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{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\nofeaturethrottle1\ilfomacatclnup0{\*\docvar {dgnword-docGUID}{\'7b7DADF938-7C54-4161-8169-B9870599BDE2\'7d}}{\*\docvar {dgnword-eventsink}{383611176}}{\*\ftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8022038 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8398673 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8022038 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8398673 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8022038 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8398673 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8022038 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8398673 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\headerl \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6637665 
\par }}{\headerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  PAGE   \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5320897 22}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 
\par }}{\footerl \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6637665 
\par }}{\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 
\par }}{\headerf \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6637665 
\par }}{\footerf \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6637665 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid9989897 
IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE COOK ISLANDS
\par HELD AT RAROTONGA
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid8261167\charrsid9989897 JP A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid9989897 
ppeal 6/17
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15604892\charrsid9989897 CR No 561 & 562/16
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid9989897 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 
\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9989897 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14963933\charrsid13968676 TIARE DOLLY }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 KELLEHER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 Appellant
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 \tab }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9989897 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 COOK ISLANDS POLICE
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs16\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 
\par 
\par Hearing:\tab 1 December 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13968676  (CIT)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 
\par 
\par Counsel:\tab Mr Mitchell for the Appellant
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13968676 Ms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 
 Mills for the Respondents
\par 
\par Judgment:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13968676 8 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 
January 2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13968676  (NZT)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx5103\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 
DECISION OF GRICE J
\par APPEAL AGAINST JUSTICE OF THE PEACE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 JUDGMENT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 DATED 29 SEPTEMBER (CONVICTION AND SENTENCE)
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\qc \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3164610\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid3164610\charrsid3164610 Summary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid10436924 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid9989897\charrsid9989897 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10436924\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10436924\charrsid13968676 The conviction on the charge of refusing to undergo a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9311161 breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10436924\charrsid13968676  test}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2894546\charrsid13968676  is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10436924\charrsid13968676  set aside. The sentence on that charge is accordingly quashed.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9321527\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9321527\charrsid13968676 
The appeal against conviction on the charge of dangerous driving is unsuccessful. That conviction is upheld and the sentence is varied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9321527 to impose on the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9321527\charrsid13968676  a fine of $300 and court costs of $50. In addition the appellant is disqualified from holding or obtaining a motor vehicle drivers licence for a period of 12 months.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4722877 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sl259\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2959857 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\cf0\insrsid2959857\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af31501\loch\f0 Introduction
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 This is an appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2959857\charrsid13968676  against conviction and sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2959857\charrsid13968676 a decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  of Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 of the Peace (JP) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 Carmen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2959857\charrsid13968676 Temata}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  dated 29 September 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid2959857\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  Police v Kelleher CR number 561 \endash  562/17. 29 September 2017. Carmen Temata JP.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 
 The appellant was convicted on charges }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2959857\charrsid13968676 of dangerous driving and refusing a breathalyser test.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4722877\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2959857\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2959857\charrsid13968676 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
he background to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2959857\charrsid13968676  set out in the judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid880451\charrsid13968676 :}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid2959857\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid8860501\charrsid880451 Supra at [2] \endash  [4].}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2519736 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid880451\charrsid13968676 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs20\insrsid880451\charrsid13968676 Background
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid880451\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid2519736\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid880451\charrsid13968676 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 n the early hours of Thursday 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\super\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 rd}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  of June 2016, the defendant was driving her white }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 angYong pickup truck, registration 8098, along the main road into }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid880451\charrsid13968676 Titikaveka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid880451\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 As she drove past from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid880451\charrsid13968676 Ngatangiia heading towards Aorangi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
direction, a police patrol coming in the opposite direction saw the vehicle with its headlights off. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid880451\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 The defendant was driving erratically, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid13979744 on the road }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
swerving from side to side }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  the road.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid880451\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1080\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid2519736\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid880451\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid880451\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid2519736\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid880451\charrsid13968676 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 he police then turned around and took pursuit of the defendant\rquote s truck and stopped her in front of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid880451\charrsid13968676 Akapuao S}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 tore. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
The police noticed that she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 has recently consumed alcohol.  S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
he was then required to accompany the police to the police station for breathalyser test or blood test. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  verbally abuse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid13979744 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  the police and declined to accompany them to the station.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1080\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid2519736\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid2519736\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 t the police station she continued to be hostile and uncooperative and still refused to undergo a breathalyser test and subsequently arrested. The defendant was very drunk and de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 fecated in the police truck.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sl259\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1602983 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\cf0\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af31501\loch\f0 The Charges 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  Kelleher was charged with driving a motor vehicle }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 on a public road at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 Titikaveka}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
 and which having regards to all circumstances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  the case is or might be dangerous to the public or any person.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3164610 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8860501 Case on Appeal Information p 08.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676  She was also charged with refusing to undergo a breathalyser test at Avarua.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8860501 Case on Appeal Information p 05.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 She pleaded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  not guilty }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 to both charges }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 and the matter went to a defended hea}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 ring before JP Carmen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 Temata on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  8 August 2017.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  The decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 delivered on 29 September 2017 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 convicted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  Kelleher on both charges.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 
notation on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8261167\charrsid13968676 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 nformation CR 561/16 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 
purported to be signed by Her Worship }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3164610 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8261167\charrsid13968676  the charge of refusing to undergo a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9311161 
breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8261167\charrsid13968676  test read}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8261167\charrsid13968676 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13968676 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 \'9329.9.17 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 eserved decision}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 . Def}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  is found guilty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 
.  C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 onvicted an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 d fined $500 and $50 court cost.  D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 isqualified from driving and holding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 a MPV}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 driver\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  licen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 s
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 e for 12 months}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 .  Sentence is suspended till the outcome of the Appeal.  
\par C Temata\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 A similar }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 notation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676 
 appears on Information CR 562/16 relating to the dangerous driving charge, except the court cost figure }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3164610 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6443957\charrsid13968676  $30.00 not $50.00.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1602983\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1602983\charrsid13968676 These notations becom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 e relevant when it comes to whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1602983\charrsid13968676 sentence imposed on each charge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 
included a period of disqualification. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1602983\charrsid13968676 I will }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 return}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1602983\charrsid13968676 
 to this issue later.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sl259\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1602983 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\cf0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af31501\loch\f0 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\cf0\insrsid1602983\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af31501\loch\f0 Defence 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1602983\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1602983\charrsid13968676 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11091929\charrsid13968676 defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1602983\charrsid13968676 
 argued that part of the evidence in support of the prosecution case was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8261167\charrsid13968676 improperly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1602983\charrsid13968676 
 obtained and therefore inadmissible.  That evidence was tainted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676 because}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1602983\charrsid13968676  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid8261167\charrsid13968676 officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  used physical force to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3164610 move}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  Kelleher from her vehicle, into the police vehicle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3164610 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032 . She}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3164610  was then detained and taken }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  the police station. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8918259\charrsid13968676 She had not been arrested a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5070090\charrsid13968676 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8918259\charrsid13968676  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5070090\charrsid13968676 time, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676 therefore the force }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 was illegal and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8918259\charrsid13968676  so}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676  Kelleher\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  fundamental human rights and freedoms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8918259\charrsid13968676  were breached}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3164610 The submission is that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 evidence following the removal of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676  Kelleher from her vehicle was improperly obtained. Her refusal to give a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9311161 breathalyser
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676  test was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8261167\charrsid13968676  inadmissible}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676  as it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8261167\charrsid13968676  obtained after the illegal act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13979744\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 This argument was not accepted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676 .  Her Worship relied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  on the Court of Appeal judgment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 Johns}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 to admit the evidence in support of the conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid206116 Johns}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 ton v P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8860501\charrsid206116 olice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 [2015] CKCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid206116  3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9989897  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8860501\charrsid206116 \\15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 . 20\\11\\2015.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13968676\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676 There }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
the Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16190643\charrsid13979744 read into the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid206116\charrsid13979744  statutory }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16190643\charrsid13979744 provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid206116\charrsid13979744 allowing the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16190643\charrsid13979744  police to administer a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9311161 breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676  test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
 at the nearest police station, the right to require a suspect to accompany a police of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676 ficer from the sit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
e of apprehension to the police station to conduct the breathalyser test }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676 under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 
s28B of the Transport Act as amended by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676 Transport Amendment A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 ct 2007.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\f0\super\insrsid206116\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid206116 Johns}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid206116 on supra at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid206116 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid206116 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 quoting from the judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid206116 
 of the High Court with approval. }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\qj \li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid13979744 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13979744 Ms. Kelleher was convicted on both charges.  Her Worship concluded:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \fi-360\li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid9460817 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs20\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \'93Conclusion
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [65]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 Based upon that above the Court is satisfied that prosecution has proven, beyond reasonable doubt, that the defendant is guilty on both charges CR 561/16 \endash 
 Refusing to undergo a breathalyser test and CR 562/16 \endash  Dangerous Driving.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [66]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
The police patrol vehicle saw the defendant driving dangerously without the headlights and accordingly she is found guilty of both charges.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [67]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 This is the defendant\rquote 
s first appearance for sentencing therefore she is convicted and fined $300 for each charge.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [68]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
The defendant is also ordered to pay $50 court costs for each charge totalling $400.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [69]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
In addition, a 12 months disqualification from holding and/or obtaining a driver\rquote s license is imposed.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [70]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 the defendant is also required to surrender her current driver
\rquote s license to the Registrar.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [71]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
the sentence imposed today will be suspended, pending the outcome of the appeal which I am informed by Counsel will be filed today.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16190643 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri58\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin58\lin0\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 The grounds for appeal are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2561527\charrsid13968676 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 the evidence supporting the appellant\rquote s failure to undergo a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9311161 breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676  test}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2561527\charrsid13968676 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 improperly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  obtained }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3164610 as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676  the use of force by the police was illegal. It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3164610 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 common ground that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 
 Kelleher was not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 arrested }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2561527\charrsid13968676 until }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
she refused to undergo a breathalyser test at the police station. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2561527\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sl259\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2561527 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\cf0\insrsid2561527\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af31501\loch\f0 The Notice of Appeal 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2561527\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2561527\charrsid13968676 While the J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 udicature }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2561527\charrsid13968676 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 ct doe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 s not specify what a Notice of A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 ppeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2561527\charrsid13968676  must contain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 , it is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2561527\charrsid13968676 strongly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 arguable that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15604892\charrsid13968676 the Notice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 is not complete until the grounds of appeal, even}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676  in general terms, are provided}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2561527\charrsid13968676 
 The grounds were not provided until well after the expiry of the appeal period.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 No issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 in that regard }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 was taken by the Crown. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2561527\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Therefore,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  I proceed on the basis that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 the Notice of Appeal can be taken as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2561527\charrsid13968676  sufficient }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2561527\charrsid13968676 that any defect has been waived.  I deal with the appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 based on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  the grounds set out in the s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676 ubmissions filed on 28 November.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid2561527\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2561527\charrsid13968676 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
he submissions do }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2561527\charrsid13968676 not list}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  the grounds of appeal, but are in the form of submissions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2561527\charrsid13968676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676  The points may }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 have summarized}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676  \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  References to the relevant paragraphs of the written Submissions for Appellant appear in brackets.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1170\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 Failure to Arrest (para 5):}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  the appellant was not arrested when apprehended at t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 he roadside.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
She was later arrested at the police station for failing to undergo a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 breath}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  test }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 (para 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 ).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid2519736\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1170\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
orce was used }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 \'93at various stages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  This was illegal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 .  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 he appellant was not under arrest
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676  so evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 anythi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 
ng done or not done thereafter\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 could not be used against the appellant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676  (Para 7 & 8) Reference is made to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13981744 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13981744 olice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13981744 v Cassidy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\i\f0\super\insrsid13981744 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\insrsid13981744 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13981744  Police v Cassidy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13981744\charrsid13968676 NZDC. 13 December 2000, 376}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13981744  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 ]
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid2519736\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1170\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
he request to give a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 breath}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  test was not lawful because it occurred after }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 il}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 legal force had been used a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  a time when the appellant had not been arrested nor read her rights }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4670502\charrsid13968676 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 para 15):

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid2519736\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 \hich\af2\dbch\af0\loch\f2 o\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1530\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1530\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 he fundamental human rights and freedoms p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 reserved in the Constitution \endash  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
rticle 64: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 the right of the individual to liberty \endash 
 the right not to be deprived thereof, except in accordance with law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 .\'94 (para 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1530\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1530\itap0\pararsid2519736\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 \hich\af2\dbch\af0\loch\f2 o\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1530\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1530\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 here is not a permissible form of custodial restraint by the police falling short of arrest.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2519736\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1170\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 Johns}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  may be distinguished as there was no use of force}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676  in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 that case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676   There the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 appellant cooperated and went to the police station}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 .  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 he issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 was that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 the p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 olice had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  used }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676  Johnston\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  own car to take }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 her and her children}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  to the police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 station. (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 para}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  17)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid15347578 Johnston v Police supra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid8264266\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 It is common ground that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  Kelleher was not arrested until she had been taken from her car, transferred to the police station, cleaned up and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 following explanation to her of the procedure, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 refused to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 undertake}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676  a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9311161 
breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676  test.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3164610 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3164610 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  appellant }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3164610 showed signs of intoxication}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  when she was pulled over by the police. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 
 She w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 ould not cooperat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676  with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3164610 the officer\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 request so}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  she was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 manhandled\rquote  to the police vehicle by a police woman. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 The force }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 applied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 was not extreme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3164610 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032 However,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3164610  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 olice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
fficer, when tested on the point }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 in cross examination, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 agreed that she had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 \'93manhandled\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676  the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 There }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 
were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  no resultant injuries or indication that the force was more than }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 necessar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  to move }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676  Kelleher}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  from one vehicle to the other. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676  There was some dispute about whether the level of assis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 tance given to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676  Kelleher to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3164610 walk}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676  from the police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 vehicle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676  to the police station was in fact \'93force\'94 or assistance.  This is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 n}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 ot relevant for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15347578\charrsid13968676 purposes of this appeal.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 While the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 level of force }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 applied at the site of the apprehension was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
 at the lower end of the spectrum,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676  it is common ground that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 more than a request}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3164610 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 To this extent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3164610 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676  is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  distinguishable from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 Johnston}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 
officers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  could not have left the appellant at the roadside. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 She had been stopped }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 because she had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  driving}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676  erratically}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  without her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 head}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 lights }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 on at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 night}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 .   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 When the officer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 approached }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676  Kelleher}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 she
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  observed that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3164610 smelt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  strongly of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 alcohol,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  was uncooperative}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676  and abusive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid4287657 ase on appeal transcript }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8860501\charrsid4287657 xamination in Chief Senior Sergeant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 Pouao}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid4287657  at 13.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676  Kelleher }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 did not respond, her eyes were red, her face was flushed and she was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 coordinated. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 She was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 stable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
 would not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11292649 walk}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  to the police vehicle. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8264266\charrsid13968676 It was then tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9311161 t }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 she was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 manhandled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 Acting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  Sgt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 
Tapoki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676   The officer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 grabbed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676  Kelleher}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  and pull}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676 ed her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 into the police vehicle about 2m }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 away}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4287657\charrsid13968676  Kelleher}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 fell asleep on the way to the police station. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 She was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 awoken }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676 hen they arrived at the station.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 he appellant had defecated in the vehicle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 
 but willingly walked into the station once she was awoken}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676  The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  appellant was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 assisted in cleaning herself up}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  at the station}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676  by an officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  Supra page 14, 15 and 17}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1866530 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530\charrsid13968676 or the appellant }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Mr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  Mitchell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 in the course of argument}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  conceded that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 facts on which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 was adduced in support of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  the dangerous driving charge }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 took place }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 before th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 
e alleged intervening illegal action by the police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530 Her Worship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676  therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 had }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676 sufficient}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  evidence to convict on the dangerous driving charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676  without relying on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 the tainted evidence following}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 Kelleher\rquote s removal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676  from her vehicle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676   There was no contest on the facts that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 gave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676  rise to the dangerous driving charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676  Kelleher}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 observed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 driving }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 erratically in the dead of night}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  without headlights on a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676 public }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 road. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 She was stopped and her keys were confiscated. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676   The evidence outlined the reasons for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 officers\rquote  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676 
belief that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676  Kelleher was driving under the influence of alcohol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 .  Her Worship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676 was satisfied that the dangerou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1866530 s driving charge was made out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  Supra. Judgment of Temata JP at [56].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 Therefore,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676  ample evidence supports the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 conviction for dangerous driving }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 is not tainted by any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676 alleged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676  illegality. It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 must stand.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676 will}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676  deal with the sentence on that conviction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 below.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16190643 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sl259\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11671869 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\cf0\insrsid11172020\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af31501\loch\f0 Failure }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\cf0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af31501\loch\f0 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\cf0\insrsid11172020\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af31501\loch\f0  Arrest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs22\cf0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11671869\charrsid13968676 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11172020\charrsid13968676 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 appe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11172020\charrsid13968676 
llant argued}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  that the police officers were not entitled to use any degree of force at all to compel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  Kelleher to accompany them to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 police s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11172020\charrsid13968676 tation}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid11172020\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11172020\charrsid13968676 Her Worship found the charge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15079564\charrsid13968676 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11172020\charrsid13968676  refusing to undergo a breathalyser test was proved. She referred to the decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 Johnston}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  Johnston}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid15079564  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 v P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8860501\charrsid15079564 olice CA 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 /}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid15079564 15, 20 November 2015.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676   }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 
  In that case the Court of Appeal upheld the decision of Justice Hugh Williams that the power to administer a breathalyser test at the nearest police station necessarily included a power to require a suspect to accompany a constable from the site of appr
ehension to the police station.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid5780112 upra at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 [35]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8860501\charrsid5780112  citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid5780112 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8860501\charrsid5780112  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid5780112  the judgment of Hugh Williams J.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676  

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 Her Worship }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530 also }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 referred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15740063 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 
42 of the Crimes Act 1969 which allows for justification or protection in exec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15740063 uting or assisting an arrest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 or other process.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8860501\charrsid5780112 Sections 74}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 (1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid5780112 )(a) of the Police Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 She noted the offence of obstructing a police officer in the execution of his duties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\f0\super\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8398673 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 
   However neither of those provisions are relevant here as Ms. Kelleher was not charged with obstruction nor was the officer attempting to arrest Ms. Kelleher.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2492741\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5780112\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5780112\charrsid13968676 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
t is common ground that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530 an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676  amendment to s28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 B of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 Transport Act provided}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5780112\charrsid13968676  for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
 new offence of refusing to accompany }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5780112\charrsid13968676 a constable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  to the police station}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid5780112\charrsid13968676 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 However,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5780112\charrsid13968676  this did not come into force until four}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  days after this incident and does not apply }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5780112\charrsid13968676 here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 Mr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
 Mitchell relied on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 Cassidy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  Supra}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  as authority for the proposition that the failure by an officer to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15740063 inform}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  suspect of her rights under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 the New Zealand Bill of Rights A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 ct and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 failing to arrest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676  her before forcibly removing her from her motor vehicle }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530 to put}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 
 her in the police car was illegal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid1866530 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1153\langfe1033\langnp1153\insrsid8860501 In the Cook Islands the relevant rights are contained in the Constitution.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16190643\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 The District Court Judge held that there was no evidence of arrest}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530 . In the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 absence of the cooperation of the suspect, the only lawful process was to arrest her.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1866530 There the suspect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 
 was violently seized from her car, and after a struggle she stumbled to the ground and was put into a half nelson hold.  His Honour concluded that there was no halfway house between cooperation and arrest. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 He said legitimizing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  compulsion short of arrest would blur the statutory procedure in a way which:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10362965 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 all too readily can lead t
o abuse.  It is important to keep in mind that the task of the police is not merely to enforce the law but also to uphold it. In a sense the best expression of the law ought to be the proper manner of which it is enforced.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\fs20\super\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  Supra Cassidy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8860501\charrsid14357836  at 381 [16].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1575706\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1575706\charrsid13968676 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1575706\charrsid13968676 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 
udge noted he was not particularly sympathetic to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530 defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 
 but nevertheless the police must observe the obligations of the law in dealing with suspects.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid1575706\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid1575706 upra at 382 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8860501\charrsid1575706 19].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1575706\charrsid13968676  He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 
 succinctly set out the reasons for this approach}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1575706\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1260\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1260\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1575706\charrsid13968676 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 
he importance of the formalities of an arrest is that the person being arrested is given a clear understanding of their predicament, of their obligations. That is why the law has long been that there must either be words of arrest accompanied by the physi
cal act of taking control of the person being arrested \endash  traditionally a hand on the shoulder but that is not an obligatory form \endash  or words of arrest accompanied by the acquiescence of the person being arrested to the fact of arrest. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1575706\charrsid13968676 (P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 olice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1575706\charrsid13968676 v}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  Thompson }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1575706\charrsid13968676 [1969] NZLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1866530  513)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid1575706 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 upra 382 [17].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1260\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1260\itap0\pararsid2635446\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs20\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 Cassidy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530 dealt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676  with a specific}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 
 statutory provision under which the police purported to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530 require}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  the evidential breath test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 . It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  provided that the person must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1780738\charrsid13968676 either }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 accompany the officer or be arrested and taken to the prescribed place (the police station). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1780738\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 If }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1780738\charrsid13968676 either of these}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  prerequisite}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1780738\charrsid13968676 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 
 not carried out the evidence of the breath test was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530 held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1780738\charrsid13968676 in}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 admissible}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1780738\charrsid13968676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid1780738\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid1780738 Supra at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 [20]. Referring to s.69(}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid1780738 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid1780738  of the Land Transport Act 1998 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid1780738 NZ). }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1780738\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 There are no such prerequisites in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1780738\charrsid13968676 equivalent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 statutory provision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1575706\charrsid13968676 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  here. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1780738\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 The Cook Islands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1780738\charrsid13968676  legislation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  does not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1780738\charrsid13968676  specifically}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  require the person to accompany the constable or to be arrested. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1780738\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1780738\charrsid13968676  Kelleher was charged under the Transport Amendment A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5070090\charrsid13968676 ct 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 
 which provides: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1780738\charrsid13968676 s.28(B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6847917 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 28B }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid1866530 
Who must undergo breath screening test or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs20\insrsid9311161\charrsid1866530 breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid1866530  test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6847917 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 \'93
(1) Where a constable has reasonable cause to suspect that a person\emdash 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10362965 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 
(a) is driving or attempting to drive or is in charge of a motor vehicle on a road; or
\par (b) has recently been driving or attempting to drive or has been in charge of a motor vehicle on a road; or
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li2880\ri0\sa100\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10362965 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 \'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6847917 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 
the constable may, subject to section 28F, require that person to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 provide }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 without delay a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 specimen of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 breath }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 
for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676  a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid9311161 breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676  test; 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10362965 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 \'93(2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 A person who undergoes a breathalyser test shall remain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676  at the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid10362965\charrsid13968676 place where the person underwent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676  the test until after the re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 sult of the test is ascertained.
\par \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid9311161 breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676  test }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 
referred to in subsection (2) shall be conducted on the spot where the person is apprehended or at the nearest police station.
\par \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 (4) A person who\emdash 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s28\ql \fi-360\li3240\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls20\adjustright\rin0\lin3240\itap0\pararsid10906897\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 refuses to undergo a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid9311161 breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 
 test; or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}\'85
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 
 refuses to remain at the place }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 pursuant to subsection (2) 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li3240\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3240\itap0\pararsid10906897\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 
\par commits an offence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\sa100\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6847917 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 \line (5) A person that contravenes a provision of this section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 
 is liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both, and the Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 shall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 , in addition to any other penalty, order him or her to be disqualified with or without condition from holding or obtaining a driver's licence for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 a minimum period of 12 months.
\par \line (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917\charrsid13968676 6) In addition to the penalties specified in subsection (5), the Court may also upon conviction impose the sentence of community work.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid6847917 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1866530\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 mendments }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676 to the legislation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 took effect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676 four}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  days after the incident introduced \'93reasonable compliance\'94 provisions which mitigated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  strict }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 process }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 compliance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676 requirements for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  breath and blood alcohol testing. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 It is doubtful that even had these been in force they would have applied to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 matters}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  complained of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 However,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  that is not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676 here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 .

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 
Johnston}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  Supra}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676 Court of A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 ppeal read into the present legislation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  the constable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676 could}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  require }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  suspect to accompany }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676 them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  to the police station for a breathalyser test.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530 That }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 requirement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676 or request }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 is a different matter to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676 physically }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 compelling }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 a suspect to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676 move}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676  The application of f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 orce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530 
introduces}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  a much greater incursion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  a person
\rquote s liberty. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1866530\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530\charrsid1866530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 While }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530 the Constitution}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 recognises that personal freedoms exist as well }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf22\insrsid6257881\charrsid13968676 
a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf22\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf6\insrsid14357836\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676 counterbalancing duties}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1866530  it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10906897\charrsid13968676 says:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid10445425\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  The Constitution. Article 64(1)(a)}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6257881\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li1440\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6257881 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs20\cf1\insrsid6257881\charrsid13968676 FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\cf1\insrsid6257881\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8725561 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs20\cf1\insrsid6257881\charrsid13968676 
[Fundamental human rights and freedoms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\cf1\insrsid6257881\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6257881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\cf1\insrsid6257881\charrsid13968676 
64 (1) It is hereby recognised and declared that in the Cook Islands there exist, and shall continue to exist, without discrimination by reason of race, national origin, colour, religion, opinion, belief, or sex, the following fundamental human rights and
 freedoms-
\par (a) The right of the individual to life, liberty, and security of the person, and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\cf1\insrsid2635446\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12535486 \page 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3825186 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sl259\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15951376 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\cf0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af31501\loch\f0 Interpretation
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3825186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 The Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 Timoti }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
adopted a purposive approach to the interpretation of the drink-driving legislation. It quoted with approval the comments of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12535486 Doherty J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
 in the High Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\fs18\super\insrsid8860501\charrsid2380800 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid8860501\charrsid2380800  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid8860501\charrsid2380800 Timoti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid8860501\charrsid2380800  supra at [19] quoting from the High Court judgment [32]
\endash [34]. }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li1080\ri720\sb100\sa100\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1080\itap0\pararsid3825186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 [10] Doherty J considered that the principles laid down by the majority in the New Zealand Court of Appeal of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid7426322  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 R v Shaheed [2002]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid7300379\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 NZLR
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid7300379\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 337}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid7426322  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
should be applied. That required a balancing exercise between the protection of an accused's constitutional rights and the scheme and intent of the legislation sought to be enforced, namely, the bringing to account of those who are prepared to put others 
at risk by driving with excess alcohol in their system.\line \line [11] Relevant extracts from Doherty J's decision are:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3825186 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
[32] Shaheed was a case relating to DNA evidence. It is relevant in the sense that it dealt with a breach of a guaranteed rights of privacy under 
the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act. A similar right is challenged in Cook Islands law by virtue of the blood alcohol regime under the Transport Act in that it provides that citizens in certain cases must submit to invasions of their body to give samples f
or the purpose of bringing evidence against them.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1440\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3825186\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
[33] The Crown rightfully accepts that that is an important principle and ought not likely to be upset. Shaheed held that when considering the admissibility of evidence in these circumstances that "the prope
r approach is to conduct a balancing exercise in which the fact that a breach of the accused guaranteed right is a very important but not necessarily determinative factor."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1440\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3825186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \line 
[34] The Court went on to say that this balancing exercise need not be required if the breach in question is "obviously trivial." The Crown submits that whilst the taking of a blood sample is highly invasive because of the invasion of the privacy of the 
individual, that in this case, all of that was done in accordance with the law and t
he breach of the procedure was merely one after the event relating to the separation of samples. Therefore, there was no prejudice to the defendant in this case because she did not seek to have the benefit of a separate analysis. But on that basis, the Cr
own submits that the breach is a minor one and "obviously trivial."
\par [35] There is no question in this case of any malice or negligence in this strict sense of the word in relation to the medical practitioner who frankly admitted that he did not know that he
 had to take two samples or divide the sample into two merely that one would do and that is what he had been doing.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3825186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \line 
[36] I do not agree with the Crown that this breach is trivial in the sense meant by Shaheed. It is a fundamental part of the procedure adopted by the Cook Islands. It is a fundamental protection to the individual to be able to challenge the might of the
 Crown in bringing evidence which in itself is derived from the invasion of that basic human right; the invasion of privacy occasioned by the taking of blood by a needle from the body.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1440\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3825186\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \line 
[37] What Shaheed was saying is that if the breach was a mere incident or as it put it "obviously trivial" then you can ignore it. But that does not end the matter because Shaheed says that if it is more than obviously trivial then a balancing process sho
uld be occasioned or applied.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1440\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3825186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
[34] All in all when I look at it, the procedures were appropriate up until the omission to divide the specimen in two. So when one weighs all of that and when one takes into account the scheme of the Transport Act as amended 
by this blood and breath alcohol legislation to bring to account those who are prepared to put others at risk by driving with excess alcohol in their system, I find that there is little or no prejudice to the defendant and in this case the certificate sho
uld be admitted as evidence and therefore the presumption of the alcohol level is as per the analysis.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3825186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 [35] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 Mr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  George for the defendant was rightly concerned in his general submissions to the Court that Shaheed ought not to be applied so as to mean there i
s a continuing slippery slope. He did not use those words, they were actually used by Crown Counsel. But Shaheed does have the safeguard of the balancing procedure and there will or may well be appropriate cases where the balance is in favour of the defen
dant because of the greater impact upon those fundamental rights of the person when balanced against the scheme of this legislation.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1440\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3825186\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
[36] The Appeal is granted. I think on the basis of the evidence on the record that there would have been and there was no other defence to the charge. I set aside the decision of the Justice of the Peace and enter a conviction against the defendant.

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3825186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 In the High Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 Kelleher}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\fs18\super\insrsid8860501\charrsid2380800 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid8860501\charrsid2380800  Kelleher CKHC JPAPP 1\\13. 11\\9\\13. Weston CJ}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  the Chief Justice found that the power to require a breath test at the police station necessarily implied a power to \'93compel attendance\'94 for the purpose of undertaking that breath test. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 However,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  His Honour noted that to go any further would engage the power to arrest: 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid3825186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3825186 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
[19] That, it seems to me, would be a lawful requirement in terms of s 28B. If the driver refused to accompany the constable at that point, it seems to me clearly the case that the driver would be refusing to undergo a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid9311161 breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  test in 
terms of subsection (4). That being the case, the powers of arrest in s 29(1)(e) would be engaged and the driver would be liable to be arrested.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid5534591\charrsid5534591  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\f0\super\insrsid5534591\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f31506\fs18\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid8860501\charrsid2380800 
\hich\af31506\dbch\af0\loch\f31506 [1]\tab}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\fs18\super\insrsid8860501\charrsid2380800 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid8860501\charrsid5534591 
 Kelleher supra at [19].   In Kelleher for other reasons the appeal was allowed and the conviction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid8860501 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid8860501\charrsid5534591 as
 set aside on the ground that it would be unsafe to find the appellant guilty of charge. }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3825186 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid14560672\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \v\f0\insrsid7300379\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
In this case the power of arrest was reached however it was not exercised by the officer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5534591 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid5534591\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5534591\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
Where force is permitted in the exercise of official duties it is subject to specified safeguards.   The use of force by the police when arresting a person or undertaking lawful process }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5534591 requires}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676  safeguards including }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5534591 advising a person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676  of their rights.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid8860501\charrsid5534591 \chftn  Section 74 of the Police Act (obstruction); section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 
 42 of the Crimes Act 1969 (protection and course of arrest). t}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5534591 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5534591\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5534591\charrsid5534591 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 This was recognised in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 Johnston}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid10445425 upra }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8860501\charrsid10445425 34) \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid10445425 35)}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
  In that case, while a purposive interpretation ensured the legislative objective was achieved and the constable could require the suspect to accompany them to the station, there was no suggestion that this extended to allowing the constable to apply for
ce to the suspect.  The act of requesting or requiring someone to accompany does not imply a right to use force.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12535486\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12535486\charrsid12535486 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9715109\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9715109\charrsid13968676 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 Timoti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9715109\charrsid13968676 the JP had acquitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  the appellant on a blood alcohol charge. The appeal challenged the refusal to admit as evidence the appellant\rquote 
s blood alcohol level certificate. The doctor taking the blood sample had failed to separate the sample into 2 parts \endash  as required under the leg
islation. One part is tested and the other made available should the defendant require an independent analysis. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9715109\charrsid13968676 That }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
was not required in this case. The Court of Appeal upheld the High Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9715109\charrsid13968676 decision to admit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
the evidence. It quoted Justice Doherty\rquote s comments with approval and adopted the balan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9715109\charrsid13968676 cing exercise he had undertaken}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\fs18\super\insrsid8860501\charrsid2380800 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid8860501\charrsid2380800  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid8860501\charrsid12535486 Timoti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid8860501\charrsid2380800  CKCA supra at [11] citing the High Court [12] \endash [26] and [12]}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li1080\ri720\sb100\sa100\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1080\itap0\pararsid3825186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
 [12] Shaheed was a decision of a seven Judge Court of Appeal. The judgment of the majority, delivered by Blanchard, J, reviewed the approach to be taken to the admissibility in a criminal trial of evidence obtained as a result of the breach of a right gu
aranteed by The New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990. The majority view is summarised at paragraph 26 of the Judgment as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri720\sb100\sa100\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3825186 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
[26] In this case the Court has reviewed the approach which should be taken to the admissibility in a criminal trial of eviden
ce obtained as a result of a breach of a right guaranteed by the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990. The majority has concluded that in place of what has become known as a prima facie exclusion rule, admissibility should be determined by means of the Jud
ge conducting a balancing exercise in which, as a starting point, appropriate and significant weight is given to the fact that there has been a breach of a right guaranteed to a suspect by the Bill of Rights. The Judge must decide by a balancing of the re
le
vant factors whether exclusion of the evidence is in the circumstances a response which is proportionate to the breach which has occurred of the right in question. Account is to be taken of the need for an effective and credible system of justice. Matters
 which are likely to be relevant to the balancing exercise in a particular case will be the value which the right protects and the seriousness of the intrusion on it; whether the breach has been committed deliberately or with reckless disregard of the sus
pe
ct's rights or has arisen through gross carelessness on the part of the police; whether other investigatory techniques, not involving any breach of rights, were known to be available and not use; the nature and quality of the disputed evidence; the centra
lity of the evidence to the prosecution's case and, in some cases; the availability of an alternative remedy or remedies.
\par [27] In the case under appeal, involving a charge of sexual violation by rape, a majority of the Court has concluded that evidence of a
 DNA profile obtained from a blood sample taken pursuant to a High Court order under the Criminal Investigations (Blood Samples) Act 1995 should not be admitted at the respondent's trial because he had come to attention in relation to the rape only as a r
esult of the earlier taking of blood from him for databank purposes in circumstances which constituted a very serious breach of the 1995 Act and of s 21 of the Bill of Rights (the guarantee of freedom from unreasonable search and seizure).
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 The Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 Johnston }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
held that it was lawful for a constable to request a suspect to accompany them to the police station for an evidential breath test.  It held that such a request was a reasonable limitation on a person\rquote 
s right to liberty and security under the Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501\charrsid604723 Johnston supra at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8860501\charrsid604723 35). }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8201037 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sl259\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10619786 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af31501\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\cf22\insrsid10619786\charrsid10619786 \hich\af0\dbch\af31501\loch\f0 The Use of Force}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\cf22\insrsid10619786\charrsid10619786 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 The issue now becomes whether a further incursion into a person\rquote s liberty, i.e. the use of force, is also a reasonable limitation on a person\rquote 
s liberty and security.  The respondent argued that because of the minor degree of force applied to the appellant
 it was a legitimate use of force.  It says that the appellant was requested three times to accompany the officer and that these requests were lawful.  Therefore the appellant, by refusing to undergo a breathalyser test, was in breach of section 28B(c) an
d so was susceptible to arrest.  The respondent further submitted that the issue is whether the detention was unlawful and therefore rendered the evidence obtained after that detention inadmissible. It distinguished }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 Cassidy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
 by reference to the degree of force involved. In this case it says that the force was not excessive and the appellant had been advised that she was required to accompany the officer.  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 Cassidy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676  the suspect was not so advised.  In addition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 Cassidy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676  was decided before }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 Shaheed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\f0\super\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 
 R v Shaheed [2002] NZLR 337. Cited with approval by the Cook Islands Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8860501\charrsid2519736 Timoti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9989897 
[2015] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 CKCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9989897  4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  7/15, 20 November 2015. Nicolas CKHC 2016 and before s 30 of the Evidence Act 2006 (NZ) was enacted.
}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [42]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 The respondent relied on the New Zealand Court of Appeal decision in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid12535486 Yoganathan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  Yoganathan v R [2017] NZCA 225.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
 .  There the appellant had suffered serious injuries at the hands of the police following his apprehension for driving while under the influence. He was detained for some time, not arrested and the police failed to warn him of the requirement to accompan
y them. The evidence was excluded following a balancing exercise now codified in section 30 of the Evidence Act (NZ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s5\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\fs16\super\insrsid8860501\charrsid8918259 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\insrsid8860501\charrsid8918259  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 
\insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 Improperly obtained evidence
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 
This section applies to a criminal proceeding in which the prosecution offers or proposes to offer evidence if\emdash 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (a)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid7426322  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 
\insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 or, if applicable, a co-defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid7426322  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 
against whom the evidence is offered raises, on the basis of an evidential foundation, the issue of whether the evidence was improperly obtained and informs the prosecution of the grounds for raising the issue; or
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 the Judge raises the issue of whether the evidence was improperly obtained and informs the prosecution of the grounds for raising the issue.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 The Judge must\emdash 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (a)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 find, on the balance of probabilities, whether or not the evidence was improperly obtained; and
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 
if the Judge finds that the evidence has been improperly obtained, determine whether or not the exclusion of the evidence is proportionate to the impropriety by means of a balancing process that gives appropriate weight to the impropriety}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid7426322  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid7426322  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 takes proper account of the need for an effective and credible system of justice.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 For the purposes of subsection (2), the court may, among any other matters, have regard to the following:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (a)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 the importance of any right breached by the impropriety and the seriousness of the intrusion on it:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 
the nature of the impropriety, in particular, whether it was deliberate, reckless, or done in bad faith:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 the nature and quality of the improperly obtained evidence:

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (d)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 
the seriousness of the offence with which the defendant is charged:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (e)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 
whether there were any other investigatory techniques not involving any breach of the rights that were known to be available but were not used:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (f)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 
whether there are alternative remedies to exclusion of the evidence that can adequately provide redress to the defendant:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (g)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 whether the improp
riety was necessary to avoid apprehended physical danger to the Police or others:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (h)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 
whether there was any urgency in obtaining the improperly obtained evidence.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (4)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 The Judge must exclude any improperly obtained evidence if, in accordance with subsection (2), the Judge determines that its exclusion is proportionate to the impropriety.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (5)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 For the purposes of this section, evidence is}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid7426322  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 improperly obtained}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid7426322  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 if it is obtained\emdash 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (a)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 in consequence of a breach of any enactment or rule of law by a person to whom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid7426322  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3750805 HYPERLINK "http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2006/0069/55.0/link.aspx?id=DLM224799" \\l "DLM224799"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3750805 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b020000000b000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90bb800000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e006c0065006700690073006c006100740069006f006e002e0067006f00760074002e006e007a002f006100630074002f007000750062006c0069006300
2f0032003000300036002f0030003000360039002f00350035002e0030002f006c0069006e006b002e0061007300700078003f00690064003d0044004c004d003200320034003700390039000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab00030a00000044004c004d00320032003400370039003900000000
00}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\ul\cf2\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 section 3}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid7426322  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 of the New Zealand B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501 ill of Rights Act 1990 applies; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 
in consequence of a statement made by a defendant that is or would be inadmissible if it were offered in evidence by the prosecution; or
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 unfairly.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faroman\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\chbrdr\brdrnone\brdrframe1 \insrsid8860501\charrsid352003 (6)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 Without limiting subsection (5)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af44\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f44\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 \uc1\u-257\'3f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs16\cf1\insrsid8860501\charrsid6847917 
(c), in deciding whether a statement obtained by a member of the Police has been obtained unfairly for the purposes of that provision, the Judge must take into account guidelines set out in practice notes on that subject issued by the Chief Justice.}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9715109\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [43]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9715109\charrsid13968676 The more fundamental the right the greater the weight given to the breach.  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 To avoid the \'93slippery slope\'94 to which the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10619786  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 Crown }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032 had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 referred in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
Timoti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  requires a line to be drawn somewhere. In my }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 view,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  physical force may provide that line. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  gentle guiding hand accompanying a reques}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 t to accompany a constable may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  not cross the line, but any more than that and certa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 inly \'93manhandling\rquote  even without causing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  injury crosses that line. In this case there was no attempt to arrest the appellant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10619786 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10619786\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10619786\charrsid10619786 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [44]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
It is not clear from the evidence exactly what she was told at the road side other than being asked to accompany the officer. This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 did not extend to advising }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 the appellant of her rights nor of the likelihood of arrest if she did not comply. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12535486 There}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 no suggestion of bad faith and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12535486  it seemed that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  the officers were doing their best to get }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  Kelleher off the road. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 She was intoxicated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 . The obvious and simple opt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10619786 
ion was to arrest her. There was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  ample }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10619786 justification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  to do so. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 She}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
 would have been given her rights and the officers would have been entitled to exercise such force as was reasonable in the circumstances to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 move}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  her from her car to the police vehicle and then to the Police station for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9311161 breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  test.

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3825186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [45]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 On the evidence it is clear the appellant was manhandled then unlawfully detained }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10619786 having been put in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
the police vehicle, and then to the police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 station. Similar circumstances existed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 Yoganathan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8860501\charrsid1512278804 Yoganathan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  NZCA at [25].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  In that case the Court of Appeal found that the force applied to make the appellant comply and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10619786 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 subsequent detention }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 unlawful.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [46]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 he }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 here }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
is whether the evidence relied on by the prosecution subsequent to the \'93manhandling\'94 should be excluded as improperly obtained evidence. This requires consideration of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10619786 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 balancing exercise which was referred to in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 Shaheed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 .
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3825186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10619786 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [47]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid10619786 In that exercise t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 he interests of the commu
nity that justice be done are weighed against the interest of the individual whose rights have been breached. The starting point is that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1153\langfe1033\langnp1153\insrsid8860501\charrsid7171437 Shaheed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1153\langfe1033\langnp1153\insrsid8860501  supra at [26]}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  \'93
appropriate and significant weight is given to the fact that there has been a breach of a right guaranteed by the Bill of Rights\'94. Here these rights are guaranteed by an entrenched Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10619786 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10619786\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10619786\charrsid10619786 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [48]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 Shaheed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  principles that are relevant in this case are:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3825186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid658665 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls44\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3435076\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid658665 The breach of rights and seriousness of the intrusion on them: the application of force and subsequent detention is a serious breach of an individual\rquote s right to liberty and security.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid658665 
 The respondent submitted that the nature of the right, being the right to liberty was significant, but the deprivation was minor.  It says the appellant was uncooperative and abusive and the force used was minimal.  The use of force would have been justi
fied if she had been arrested.  Further it submitted that the appellant had been fully advised of what was happening and what the police intended to do, that the police officers did not act in bad faith and they had serious concerns about the appellant
\rquote s driving.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3825186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls44\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3435076\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672 The nature of impropriety: in this case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid14560672 as I have said there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672 
 is no suggestion of bad faith on the part of the police. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10619786 Why}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672  the officers did not arrest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid10619786 Miss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672  Kelleher is not clear from the transcript. There was some suggestion that the police required an \'93arresting\'94
 officer to undertake this process or that the officers did not consider that they had sufficient evidence to arrest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid14560672 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672 
 Kelleher. If }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10619786 the latter were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672  th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10619786 e case (which it is not) it provided}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672  further reason that they should not have used force on her. If }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11737274  Kelleher}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672 
 was not susceptible to arrest or other lawful process of detention then she should certainly not have been subject to physical compulsion. An arrest in this case was the way to deal with her lack of cooperation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11737274 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11737274\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11737274 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 i.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-180\li2160\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\ilvl2\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid658665\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
The officers were doing their best and from the evidence it appears that, apart from the \'93manhandling\'94 incident, acquitted themselves well in the circumstances. However a systemic process failure (no \'93arresting\'94
 office available) or a lack of knowledge of the grounds for arrest are serious defects in the process. Such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11737274 defects should not be condoned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 by allowing the police to \'93manhandle\'94 suspects rather than arrest them according to law. There is no evidence that the officers misunderstood the law here but ra
ther were ignorant of it. The process involved in making an arrest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 provides }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 safeguards }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11737274 to protect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11409049  the constitutional rights of the individual.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11409049\charrsid11409049  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11409049\charrsid14560672 There was no reason to circumvent the statutory and constitutional requirements here. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11409049\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11409049\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3418032\charrsid2563105 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls44\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3435076\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid2563105 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12535486  nature of the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid2563105  failure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12535486 : it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid2563105  was not a minor technical breach but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid2563105 went }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid2563105 to the heart of the safeguards provided in the Constitution against the use of force by the authorities.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid2563105  While the balancing exercise is not primarily designed to deal with draw police procedural defects}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11409049\charrsid2563105 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid2563105  a factor to been taken into account is the nature of the impropriety}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2563105\charrsid2563105 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11409049\charrsid2563105 This }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid2563105 
necessarily involves consideration of the reason for the impropriety. The reason in this case weighs in favour of exclusion of the evidence. The assessment of the right and nature of the breach necessarily focuses on the facts of the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2563105 . In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid2563105  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid2563105 Yoganathan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid2563105 
 the suspect was seriously injured and detained for the duration of a ride to the police station and questioning before he was arrested. There was a suggestion that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid2563105 Mr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid2563105  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid2563105 Yoganathan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid2563105  had hurt himself, but this was not accepted by the judge.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid8860501\charrsid1512278804 Yoganathan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  at [30]}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid2563105  In that case the significance of the rights involved and seriousness of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid2563105 Mr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid2563105  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid2563105 Yoganathan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid2563105 \rquote 
s injuries lead to the court excluding all the evidence subsequent to his unlawful detention. The Court was not satisfied that any other statutory factors such as the seriousness of the offence, counted against exclusion. The appeal against conviction su
cceeded as the other available evidence did not support the prosecution case to the required standard.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1440\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9709924\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls44\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3435076\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672 Other techniques: the option to arrest the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid14560672 appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672 was always available. This was not difficult. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid14560672 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9709924\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 e.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls44\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3435076\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672 
The reliability, cogency and probative value of the evidence obtained in breach of a right: the relevant evidence was the refusal to undergo a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9311161\charrsid14560672 breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672  test. There was no dispute that the evidence was reliable, cogent and probative.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3825186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 f.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls44\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3435076\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672 Seriousness of the crime: driving while under the influence is a serious offence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2563105 Driving }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672 
related offences }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2563105 have been on the increase and have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672  attracted judicial comment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2563105 recently}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid14560672 The prescribed penalties are a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672 maximum fine}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid14560672  of $1,000}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672  dollars, together with a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2563105  maximum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672  term of imprisonment of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid14560672 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672  year as well }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2563105 as disqualification from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672  holding or obtaining a motor vehicle driver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid14560672 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672 s license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid14560672  for a maximum period }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4218521 of 12 months.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid14560672 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3825186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 g.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls44\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3435076\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 The dangerous driving }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 conviction stands separately. It is not tainted by the improperly obtained evidence which affects the conviction of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  refusal to undergo a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9311161 breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  test. The evidence supporting the conviction for d
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 angerous driving occurred before the tainting event.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9709924\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid2563105 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 h.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls44\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3435076\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid2563105 
Importance and centrality to the case: the evidence concerned is crucial to the offence of refusing the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9311161\charrsid2563105 breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid2563105 
 test. It was not crucial nor central to the dangerous driving charge.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid12535486 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [49]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid12535486\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid12535486 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid12535486 
Shaheed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid12535486 balancing exercise requires me to weigh a serious breach of rights against the admission of probative evidence which is crucial to support a conviction for refusing to undergo the 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9311161\charrsid12535486 breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid12535486  test. There was a straightforward and readily available process, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid12535486 i.e.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid12535486  arrest, which car}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2563105\charrsid12535486 ried}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid12535486  with it important consti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2563105\charrsid12535486 tutional safeguards and supported}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid12535486  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2563105\charrsid12535486  constitutional }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid12535486 and statutory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid12535486  rights of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid12535486 suspects.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid12535486   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid12535486 Additionally,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid12535486 
 the failure to arrest appears to have occurred to fill a procedural gap. This should not be condoned.  Even if that were not the case the evidence suggests that at least one of the officers was aware that physical force should not have been applied witho
ut engaging the appropriate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6234954\charrsid12535486 arrest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid12535486 
processes. There is no suggestion that there was a life-threatening situation which required immediate or urgent action to secure the safety of the appellant or others. The arrest could have been made or at least Ms. Kelleher\rquote 
s car keys could have been taken off her. She was in no state to drive but at the same time was not an immediate danger to herself or anyone else.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid658665 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6234954\charrsid658665 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [50]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid658665\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6234954\charrsid658665 The respondent pointed out that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid658665 violence inflicted on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid658665 Mr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid658665  Yoganathan when he was unlawfully detained by the police was much more serious than the \'93manhandling\rquote  of Ms. Kelleher. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid658665 Mr.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid658665  Yoganathan suffered broken bones as a result of his ordeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6234954\charrsid658665 
The other statutory factors did not count against exclusion of the evidence in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6234954\charrsid658665 Yoganathan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6234954\charrsid658665 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid658665 There were no apparent injuries suffered by Ms. Kelleher. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6234954\charrsid658665 Nevertheless}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid658665 
 her right to liberty and to be free from a law unlawful detention are the same as those breached in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid658665 Yoganathan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid658665 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid658665\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid658665 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid658665 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [51]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid658665\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid658665 
In this case while the injuries were not serious the rights breach was significant and it is clear that a degree of force sufficient to pull Ms. Kelleher out of her vehicle and into the police vehicle was applied by the police. It was the police officers 
themselves who described it as \'93manhandling\rquote 
. This have must have involved reasonable force. While Ms. Kelleher was abusive and uncooperative she offered no real physical opposition to the officer. Her failure to physically engage to deflect the officer for
tunately obviated the need for any further action by the police officers. By the time she reached the police station Ms. Kelleher was apparently cooperating \endash 
 she moved from the police vehicle to the police station and cleaned herself up. Although she still refused to undertake the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9311161\charrsid658665 breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid658665  test there was no evidence of any physical opposition. The officers may have gained her cooperation earlier if she had been arrested following the correct procedures including advising her of her rights.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid658665 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid658665\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid658665\charrsid658665 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid658665 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [52]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid658665\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid658665 The offence while }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6234954\charrsid658665 significant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid658665  is not at the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6234954\charrsid658665 most serious}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid658665  end of the spectrum of criminal offending.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 
 S 28B (5) the Transport Act provides for a penalty of a maximum fine of $1000 and/or 12 months imprisonment as well as mandatory disqualification from holding or obtaining a motor vehicle license for a period of 12 months.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid658665  The evidence in question was probative and crucial to the conviction on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9311161\charrsid658665 breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid658665  charge. Nevertheless the proper procedure involving arrest was readily achievable. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6234954\charrsid658665 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6234954\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6234954\charrsid6234954 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid6234954 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [53]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid6234954 The balancing exercise referred to in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid6234954 Shaheed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\i\f0\super\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  Now codified in section 30(2) of the Evidence Act 2006 (NZ)}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid6234954  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6234954 is a process for determining}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid6234954 
 whether or not the exclusion of the evidence is proportionate to the impropriety. This is carried out through a balancing process that gives appropriate weight to the impropriety but also takes proper account of the need for an effective credible system 
of justice. An effective and credible system of justice relies on the system incorporating appropriate safeguards against unbridled police power and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6234954 protects}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid6234954  the individual\rquote s constitutional rights. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6234954 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid6234954\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6234954 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid6234954 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [54]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid6234954 
In this case the rights breached were significant, force was used, the detention lasted for some time, there was a readily available legal process for dealing with the appellant, there was no urgency and the impropriety was apparently to fill the gap caus
ed by either lack of knowledge by the relatively senior officers involved or a systems failure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6234954 . These factors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid6234954  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6234954 outweigh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid6234954  the statutory factors in favour that would count toward admitting the evidence. The exclusion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13657557 
of the evidence here }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid6234954 is proportionate to the impropriety in this case.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sl259\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15951376 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\cf0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af31501\loch\f0 Alternative basis for conviction
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [55]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 The respondent says the refusal to undertake a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9311161 breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
 test was complete when the appellant refused to go to the police station}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676  at the point she was apprehended in the Titikaveka area}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 . That was not the basis that the prosecution ran its case in the lower court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 
The Information itself states that the offence occurred at Avarua. This was not where the appellant was apprehended. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13657557 Additionally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676  t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 he evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13657557  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 recorded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  in the transcript }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 as to what }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 occurred at the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 roadside }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 is sketchy. Senior Sgt Pouao says he asked }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  Kelleher to get out of her car.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  Case on Appeal 14\\5 \endash  Notes of Evidence}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  Acting Sgt Tapoki says she asked she asked }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  Kelleher to acco}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 mpany her to the police vehicle}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13657557  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 that she told }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6974716\charrsid13968676 Kelleher}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
 that she needed to undergo a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 breath test and blood}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 . She says }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6974716\charrsid13968676 the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  was trying to phone someone but there was no reply apparently. The appellant refused to get out of her car so Sgt Tapoki \'93manhandled\'94 her out of the car.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\f0\super\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  Case on Appeal pages 22 \endash  23- Notes of Evidence}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  It was not until }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  Kelleher was at the police station }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9709924\charrsid13968676 in Avarua }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 that the process was explained to her and she was then arrested for refusing the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9311161 breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  test.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3825186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13137386\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [56]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13137386\charrsid13968676 Her Worship was asked to consider the offence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13657557 that took}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13137386\charrsid13968676  place at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  the police station}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14488013\charrsid13968676  in Avarua. She }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13137386\charrsid13968676 was not required to nor did she make any}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6974716\charrsid13968676 comments or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 findings }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13137386\charrsid13968676 in relation to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13657557 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13137386\charrsid13968676 offence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13657557 committed}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13137386\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 at the site of apprehension. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13657557 The I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6974716\charrsid13968676 nformation and the prosecution were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 directed to proving the offence occurred at the police station}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13137386\charrsid13968676  in Avarua. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  evidence as to what exactly was said and the advice given by the p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13137386\charrsid13968676 
olice officers at the roadside was not the subject of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 cross-examination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13137386\charrsid13968676 
 to the extent it might have been had the allegation been that the offence occurred at the site of apprehension.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
Yoganathan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  the court commented on the need for careful consideration of such evidence. It said: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1440\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3825186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 '[22] We accept }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 Mr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  Haskett\rquote s submission that there was insufficient evidence Constable Morgan made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 Mr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  Yoganathan aware of the need to accompany him immediately or without delay following the positive result from the breath screening test. The officer
\rquote s evidence was simply that he requested }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 Mr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
 Yoganathan to accompany him and, in the absence of a response or comment, he physically removed him from the car. There is no requirement on a person to accompany an officer immediately; he or she is entitled to a reasonable amou
nt of time to comply. 27 And a logical corollary is that an officer should warn the person of the consequences of refusing to comply with the request in order to avoid misunderstanding and to obtain informed cooperation.28
\par 
\par [23] We are satisfied that Judge Russell\rquote s finding that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 Mr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  Yoganathan refused Constable Morgan\rquote 
s request to accompany him to the police station, upheld by Edwards J, is unsupported by the facts. There is no evidence that Constable Morgan discharged his obligation to inform }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 Mr.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  Yoganathan that he must accompany him without delay while permitting a reasonable time for that purpose. 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1440\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13657557\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
[24] Moreover, Constable Morgan did not purport to arrest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 Mr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  Yoganathan in exercise of his s 69(6) powers. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3418032\charrsid13968676 Mr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  Yoganathan was never charged with the offence of failing to accompany without delay. 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\f0\super\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1153\langfe1033\langnp1153\insrsid8860501 
Yoganathan v R [2017]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1153\langfe1033\langnp1153\insrsid9989897  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1153\langfe1033\langnp1153\insrsid8860501 NZCA 225 [22]-[24] footnotes excluded.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \'94\'85
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3825186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [57]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 In the circumstances }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13137386\charrsid13968676 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 t is not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13657557 
appropriate for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  me to reconsider the case afresh on the basis of the alternative version of the offence as proposed by the respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid13137386\charrsid13968676  It would be unfair to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13657557  appellant and in any event it involves}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13137386\charrsid13968676  a different offence }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13657557 which is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13137386\charrsid13968676  not before the court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sl259\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15951376 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\cf0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af31501\loch\f0 Sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [58]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 Her Worship sentenced the appellant without seeking separate submissions, a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13657557 sentencing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
hearing, or calling for a probation report. No issue was taken with that process. She said:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid3825186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1620\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1620\itap0\pararsid3825186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \'93\'85
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [67]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1620\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls35\adjustright\rin0\lin1620\itap0\pararsid13657557\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 This is the defendant\rquote 
s first appearance for sentencing therefore she is convicted and fined $300 for each charge.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1620\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1620\itap0\pararsid3825186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [68]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1620\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls35\adjustright\rin0\lin1620\itap0\pararsid13657557\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
The defendant is also ordered to pay $50 court costs for each charge totalling $400.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\fs20\super\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 
 The total of $400 is incorrect. The total amount of fines amounts to $600 together with $100 in court costs. In turn, this amount differs from the amount recorded in the notation on the 2 Informations. These referred to a $500 fine on each charge and in 
one $30 and in the other $50 court costs, a total of $1000 in fines and $80 in court costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501\charrsid13657557 
 The signed judgment takes priority. In any event for present purposes no issue was taken with the level of the fines. The appeal proceeded on the basis that the fin
es and court costs were as recorded in the judgment and totalled $600 in fines and $100 in court costs. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1620\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1620\itap0\pararsid3825186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [69]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1620\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls35\adjustright\rin0\lin1620\itap0\pararsid13657557\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 In addition, a 12 months disqualification from holding an}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid13657557 d/or obtaining a driver\rquote s licenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 e is imposed.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1620\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1620\itap0\pararsid3825186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [70]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1620\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls35\adjustright\rin0\lin1620\itap0\pararsid13657557\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 the defendant is also required to surrender her current driver
\rquote s license to the Registrar.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1620\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1620\itap0\pararsid3825186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [71]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li1620\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls35\adjustright\rin0\lin1620\itap0\pararsid13657557\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
the sentence imposed today will be suspended, pending the outcome of the appeal which I am informed by Counsel will be filed today.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\fs20\super\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1153\langfe1033\langnp1153\insrsid8860501 Supra at [65]-[69].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1170\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1170\itap0\pararsid3825186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13657557 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [59]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13657557 The appellant points to [69}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 ] of the decision and submits that it is not clear that the disqualification applies to each charge/conviction and not merely to the charge of refusing a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9311161 breathalyser}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  test which carries a mandatory term of 12 months disqualification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13657557 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
 The notes recorded on the Informations indicate disqualification of 12 months}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13657557  imposed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  on each of the charges. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid13657557\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13657557\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8860501 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [60]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501 In my view as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
 a matter of interpretation of the judgment the period of disqualification applies to each of the convictions. While it might have been useful and avoided this argument if Her Worship had include}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501 
d at the end of [69] that the 12 month}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  disqualif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501 ication applied to each charge/conviction it is apparent from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 context and reading the sentencing provisions as a whole that the fines were imposed on each charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501 . T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 he court costs were imposed on each charge and the clear implication is that when the sentence is that the period of disqualification is 12 months on each charge to operate concurrently.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [61]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 I therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676  would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  dismiss the appeal as it relates to an appeal against sentence on the dangerous driving charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501 
 on the basis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676  that the sentence is clear from the judgment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8860501\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501\charrsid8860501 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [62]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 However in case I am wrong in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 this interpretation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 the sentence included the 12 months disqualification then I 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 vary the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  sentence to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501 
make an order for disqualification of the appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501\charrsid13968676 from holding or obtaining a motor vehicle driver\rquote s licence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501  for a period of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676  12 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4918973\charrsid13968676 months. In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676  addition to a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  fine of $300.00 and court costs of $50. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [63]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
Driving offences are taken seriously in the Cook Islands. This court has noted in similar cases that it must take into account Parliament\rquote s clear indication that appropriately firm penalties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501 should}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  be imposed on offenders.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li360\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid3825186 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [64]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 Many of the sentences imposed in recent driving offences dealt with by this Court have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501 related to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
 careless or dangerous driving causing injuries. The court has commented that in cases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501 where}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  aggravating factors, such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501 as the presence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 alcohol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501  are present}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
, the starting point will be imprisonment. The Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
Boyle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  recently upheld the conviction and sentence in a case of careless driving causing injury. Justice Doherty in the High Court said:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1440\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 [9] The Courts have said that Parliament\rquote s recent resp
onse to increasing the maximum sentence for this offending means that the Courts have to take heed of that and look very closely at all of this offending but, like other cases, there are no tariffs for it because each case generally relies on its own fact
s and it is the degree of carelessness that is important}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1153\langfe1033\langnp1153\insrsid8860501 Police v Boyle }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1153\langfe1033\langnp1153\insrsid9989897 [}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1153\langfe1033\langnp1153\insrsid8860501 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1153\langfe1033\langnp1153\insrsid9989897 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1153\langfe1033\langnp1153\insrsid8860501 
CKHC  26. Boyle v Police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1153\langfe1033\langnp1153\insrsid9989897 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1153\langfe1033\langnp1153\insrsid8860501 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1153\langfe1033\langnp1153\insrsid9989897 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1153\langfe1033\langnp1153\insrsid8860501 CKCA 5}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1440\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3825186\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [65]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 The Court of Appeal added:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s44 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13968676\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s44\qj \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls27\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13968676 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid13968676\charrsid13968676 A wide range of circumstances might give rise to a charge of careless driving causing injury or death.  At the lower end of the spectrum would be instances where the offender has caused an accident through a moment
\rquote s inadvertence.  More serious cases migh
t involve such factors as excess speed, alcohol/other substances or serious carelessness. The consequences are also an important factor to be taken into account by the sentencing judge. These may range from minor injuries to the victim to more serious inj
uries or death. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s44 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13968676\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}
The Court may also take into account factors such as an early guilty plea, reparation made to the victim, remorse as well as matters relating to the personal circumstances of the offender.  While not prescribed these are factors which are generally taken 
into account in sentencing by the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\fs20\super\insrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8860501 Boyle CKHC supra at [28]-[29].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid13968676\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9460817\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [66]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
There was ample evidence in this case which pointed to the serious nature of the dangerous driving in this case. The appellant was driving at night without headlights, her driving was erratic and when she was pulled over she showed significant signs of in
toxication which were observed by the officer before the \'93manhandling\rquote  incident. An aggravating factor here was the intoxication of the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 
. A fine together with a reasonable period of disqualification is within the range albeit at the low end of penalty for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  this type of offence by a first offender 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [67]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 In mitigation, Her Worship took into account that it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2891674\charrsid13968676 Ms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  Kelleher\rquote s first offence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676  .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\f0\super\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\insrsid8860501 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8860501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1153\langfe1033\langnp1153\insrsid8860501 
I have assumed that this is correct based on the comments of the Justice of the Peace at [67] and the police Summary of Facts (Case on Appeal at 10). }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  She cannot claim the benefit of an early guilty plea. Therefore my view }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
 fine of $300}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  an award of court costs of $50 together }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501 disqualifying}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676  the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501  from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676  holding or obtaining a motor vehicle driver\rquote s licence}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501  for a period of 12 months}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676  is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
 the minimum sentence available in the circumstances.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501  I vary the sentence accordingly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4918973 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sl259\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15951376 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs32\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\cf0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af31501\loch\f0 Conclusion
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [68]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 The conviction on the charge of refusing t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2894546\charrsid13968676 o undergo a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9311161 breathalyser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2894546\charrsid13968676  test is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  set aside. The sentence on that charge is accordingly quashed.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s28 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [69]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid9321527\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
The appeal against conviction on the charge of dangerous driving is unsuccessful. That conviction is upheld and the sentence is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 varied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8860501 to impose on the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676  a fine of $300 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9460817\charrsid13968676 and court costs of $50. In addition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 the appellant is disqualified from holding or obtaining a motor vehicle drivers licence for a period of 12 months.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13979744\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9989897\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3825186\charrsid13968676 
\par Grice J
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