{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch37\stshfloch37\stshfhich37\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang5129\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f1\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}
{\f1\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f38\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\f39\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Segoe UI;}{\f40\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Univers{\*\falt Arial};}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f302\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f303\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\f305\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f306\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f307\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f308\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\f309\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f310\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f312\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f313\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}
{\f315\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f316\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f317\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}{\f318\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}
{\f319\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f320\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f312\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f313\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}
{\f315\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f316\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f317\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}{\f318\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}
{\f319\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f320\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f672\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f673\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\f675\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f676\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f679\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f680\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}
{\f682\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\f683\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\f685\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\f686\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\f689\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\f690\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\f692\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Segoe UI CE;}{\f693\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Segoe UI Cyr;}
{\f695\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Segoe UI Greek;}{\f696\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Segoe UI Tur;}{\f698\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Segoe UI (Arabic);}{\f699\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Segoe UI Baltic;}
{\f700\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Segoe UI (Vietnamese);}{\f702\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Univers CE{\*\falt Arial};}{\f706\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Univers Tur{\*\falt Arial};}
{\f709\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Univers Baltic{\*\falt Arial};}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}
{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;
\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;\red90\green90\blue90;\red79\green129\blue189;
\red33\green88\blue104;}{\*\defchp \lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\langnp5129\langfenp5129 }{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{
\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid3742035 
Normal;}{\s1\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink15 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid14704873 heading 1;}{\s2\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon49 \snext0 \slink16 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid14704873 heading 2;}{\s3\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon49 \snext0 \slink17 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid14704873 
heading 3;}{\s4\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f40\fs28\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink18 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid862997 heading 4;}{\s5\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs26\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f40\fs26\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink19 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid862997 heading 5;}{\s6\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f40\fs22\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink20 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid862997 heading 6;}{\s7\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink21 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid862997 heading 7;}{\s8\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel7\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink22 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid862997 heading 8;}{\s9\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs22\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink23 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid862997 heading 9;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority1 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused 
Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24 \sbasedon10 \slink1 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid14704873 Heading 1 Char;}{\*\cs16 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24 
\sbasedon10 \slink2 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid14704873 Heading 2 Char;}{\*\cs17 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24 \sbasedon10 \slink3 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid14704873 Heading 3 Char;}{\*\cs18 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28 \sbasedon10 \slink4 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid862997 Heading 4 Char;}{\*\cs19 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs26 \sbasedon10 \slink5 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid862997 
Heading 5 Char;}{\*\cs20 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b \sbasedon10 \slink6 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid862997 Heading 6 Char;}{\*\cs21 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24 
\sbasedon10 \slink7 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid862997 Heading 7 Char;}{\*\cs22 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24 \sbasedon10 \slink8 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid862997 Heading 8 Char;}{\*\cs23 \additive 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f38 \sbasedon10 \slink9 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid862997 Heading 9 Char;}{\s24\qc \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f38\fs32\lang2057\langfe5129\kerning28\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink25 \sqformat \spriority10 \styrsid862997 Title;}{\*\cs25 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f38\fs32\kerning28 \sbasedon10 \slink24 \slocked \spriority10 \styrsid862997 Title Char;}{\s26\qc \li0\ri0\sa60\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink27 \sqformat \spriority11 \styrsid862997 Subtitle;}{\*\cs27 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs24 
\sbasedon10 \slink26 \slocked \spriority11 \styrsid862997 Subtitle Char;}{\*\cs28 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority22 \styrsid862997 Strong;}{\*\cs29 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f37 
\sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority20 \styrsid862997 Emphasis;}{\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext30 \sqformat \spriority1 \styrsid862997 No Spacing;}{\s31\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext31 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid862997 List Paragraph;}{\s32\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink33 \sqformat \spriority29 \styrsid862997 Quote;}
{\*\cs33 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24 \sbasedon10 \slink32 \slocked \spriority29 \styrsid862997 Quote Char;}{\s34\qj \li720\ri720\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink35 \sqformat \spriority30 \styrsid862997 Intense Quote;}{\*\cs35 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24 
\sbasedon10 \slink34 \slocked \spriority30 \styrsid862997 Intense Quote Char;}{\*\cs36 \additive \i\cf17 \sqformat \spriority19 \styrsid862997 Subtle Emphasis;}{\*\cs37 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs24\ul 
\sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority21 \styrsid862997 Intense Emphasis;}{\*\cs38 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority31 \styrsid862997 Subtle Reference;}{\*\cs39 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\ul \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority32 \styrsid862997 Intense Reference;}{\*\cs40 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f38\fs24 \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority33 \styrsid862997 Book Title;}{
\s41\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon1 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority39 \styrsid862997 
TOC Heading;}{\s42\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f40\fs18\cf18\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority35 \styrsid862997 caption;}{\s43\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext43 \sautoupd \spriority0 \styrsid3742035 Title Case;}{\s44\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 
\tx5103\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext44 \sautoupd \spriority0 \styrsid3742035 Waistband;}{
\s45\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext0 \spriority0 \styrsid3742035 AlignRight;}{
\s46\ql \fi-1418\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext46 \spriority0 \styrsid3742035 
Appearances1;}{\s47\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext47 \spriority0 \styrsid3742035 
Party Name Criminal;}{\s48\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext48 \spriority0 \styrsid3742035 
Versus;}{\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext49 \slink72 \spriority0 \styrsid3742035 Number;}{\*\cs50 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2 \sbasedon10 \sunhideused \styrsid3742035 Hyperlink;}{\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext51 \slink59 \spriority0 \styrsid7737947 footnote text;}{\*
\cs52 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid7737947 footnote reference;}{\s53\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext53 \slink54 \styrsid5444065 header;}{\*\cs54 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24 \sbasedon10 \slink53 \slocked \styrsid5444065 
Header Char;}{\s55\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext55 \slink56 \sunhideused \styrsid13518945 footer;}{\*\cs56 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink55 \slocked \styrsid13518945 Footer Char;}{
\s57\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs18\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext57 \slink58 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid1311486 Balloon Text;}{\*\cs58 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs18\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink57 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid1311486 
Balloon Text Char;}{\*\cs59 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink51 \slocked \spriority0 \styrsid7699940 Footnote Text Char;}{
\s60\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext60 \slink61 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid7893127 endnote text;}{\*\cs61 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink60 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid7893127 Endnote Text Char;}{\*\cs62 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid7893127 endnote reference;}{\*\cs63 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16 \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid3544016 annotation reference;}
{\s64\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext64 \slink65 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid3544016 annotation text;}{\*\cs65 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057 \sbasedon10 \slink64 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid3544016 Comment Text Char;}{
\s66\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon64 \snext64 \slink67 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid3544016 annotation subject;}{\*\cs67 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f40\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057 \sbasedon65 \slink66 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid3544016 
Comment Subject Char;}{\s68\qj \li0\ri0\sa100\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9016\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \sautoupd \sunhideused \spriority39 \styrsid16254163 toc 1;}{\s69\qj \li240\ri0\sa100\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin240\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \sautoupd \sunhideused \spriority39 \styrsid16254163 
toc 2;}{\s70\qj \li480\ri0\sa100\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin480\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \sautoupd \sunhideused \spriority39 \styrsid16254163 toc 3;}{\s71\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext71 \slink73 \spriority0 \styrsid15739594 NumLL;}{\*\cs72 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24 \sbasedon10 \slink49 \slocked \spriority0 \styrsid15739594 Number Char;}{\*\cs73 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24 \sbasedon72 \slink71 \slocked \spriority0 \styrsid15739594 NumLL Char;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid-1327726534\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134159\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\cf1 \fi-360\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1367649264\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid-981449766\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-180\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid620816958\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid-1932638820\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid725809494\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-180\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid634149116\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid320636006\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid605863104\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-180\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid219680308}{\list\listtemplateid-1519752346{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03[\'00];}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi0\li0\jclisttab\tx360\lin0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'02\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-708\li1417\jclisttab\tx1417\lin1417 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'02);}{\levelnumbers
\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-709\li2126\jclisttab\tx2126\lin2126 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'03);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-363\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'04);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 
\fi-357\li1797\jclisttab\tx1797\lin1797 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'05);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-363\li2160
\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-357\li2517\jclisttab\tx2517\lin2517 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-363\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2
\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-357\li3237\jclisttab\tx3237\lin3237 }{\listname ;}\listid449933176}
{\list\listtemplateid-761361414{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03[\'00];}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi0\li0\jclisttab\tx360\lin0 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-708\li1968\jclisttab\tx1968\lin1968 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'02);}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-709\li2126\jclisttab\tx2126\lin2126 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'03);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-363\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'04);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-357\li1797\jclisttab\tx1797\lin1797 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'03(\'05);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-363\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-357\li2517\jclisttab\tx2517\lin2517 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 
\fi-363\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-357\li3237
\jclisttab\tx3237\lin3237 }{\listname ;}\listid730202250}{\list\listtemplateid-1578435370{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03[\'00];}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi0\li0\jclisttab\tx360\lin0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-708\li1417
\jclisttab\tx1417\lin1417 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'02);}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-709\li2126\jclisttab\tx2126\lin2126 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'03);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-363\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'04);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-357\li1797\jclisttab\tx1797\lin1797 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'05);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-363\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-357\li2517\jclisttab\tx2517\lin2517 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-363\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-357\li3237\jclisttab\tx3237\lin3237 }{\listname ;}\listid742726855}{\list\listtemplateid198989352{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'03[\'00];}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi0\li0\jclisttab\tx360\lin0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'01;}
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-708\li1968\jclisttab\tx1968\lin1968 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'02);}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-709\li2126\jclisttab\tx2126\lin2126 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'03);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 
\fi-363\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'04);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-357\li1797
\jclisttab\tx1797\lin1797 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'05);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-363\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-357\li2517\jclisttab\tx2517\lin2517 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4
\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-363\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-357\li3237\jclisttab\tx3237\lin3237 }{\listname ;}\listid997808249}{\list\listtemplateid1856012882
{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03[\'00];}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi0\li0\jclisttab\tx360\lin0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat3\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-708\li1417\jclisttab\tx1417\lin1417 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'02);}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-709\li2126\jclisttab\tx2126\lin2126 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'03);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-363\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\'03(\'04);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-357\li1797\jclisttab\tx1797\lin1797 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'03(\'05);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-363\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers
\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-357\li2517\jclisttab\tx2517\lin2517 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-363\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 
\fi-357\li3237\jclisttab\tx3237\lin3237 }{\listname ;}\listid1043746964}{\list\listtemplateid1079657470\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid380387620
\'02\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1026072236\'02\'01);}{\levelnumbers
\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-1113428442\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-180\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1999250532\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid46972896\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-1279615190\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1 \fi-180\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid292576532\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 
\fi-360\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-1491458380\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 
\fi-360\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-569186830\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 
\fi-180\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1311058741}{\list\listtemplateid-1015139816\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat2\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-1064390986
\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-360\li1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-441682088
\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid611491978
\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-180\li2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1210327112
\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid74632570
\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-1688276570
\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-180\li4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-1989147640
\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-1296266944
\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid799978926
\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-180\li6840\lin6840 }{\listname ;}\listid1499734855}{\list\listtemplateid-1985831902{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\'03[\'00];}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi0\li0\jclisttab\tx360\lin0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'01;}
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-708\li1417\jclisttab\tx1417\lin1417 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'02);}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 
\fi-709\li2126\jclisttab\tx2126\lin2126 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'03);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-363\li1440
\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'04);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-357\li1797\jclisttab\tx1797\lin1797 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'05);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-363\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-357\li2517\jclisttab\tx2517\lin2517 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-363\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-357\li3237\jclisttab\tx3237\lin3237 }{\listname ;}\listid1570731623}{\list\listtemplateid-362126834\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat2\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1934411400\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\fbias0 \fi-360\li1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1222645176\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid337041176\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-180\li2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid344066760\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid2112494056\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-1114346258\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-180\li4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1132468122\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\leveltemplateid123742054\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-360\li6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid993312728\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 \fi-180\li6840\lin6840 }{\listname ;}\listid1653483086}{\list\listtemplateid1645102972{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03[\'00];}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi0\li0\jclisttab\tx360\lin0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'02\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-708\li1417\jclisttab\tx1417\lin1417 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'02);}{\levelnumbers
\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-709\li2126\jclisttab\tx2126\lin2126 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'03);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-363\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'04);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 
\fi-357\li1797\jclisttab\tx1797\lin1797 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'05);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-363\li2160
\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-357\li2517\jclisttab\tx2517\lin2517 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-363\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2
\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-357\li3237\jclisttab\tx3237\lin3237 }{\listname ;}\listid1728259981}
{\list\listtemplateid902959190\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-346919044\'02\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 
\fi-360\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-43750342\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 
\fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-884172844\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 
\fi-180\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-566621086\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 
\fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid351934752\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 
\fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-1301122666\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 
\fi-180\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-298526434\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 
\fi-360\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-790490888\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 
\fi-360\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid945732672\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1 
\fi-180\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid2005353983}{\list\listtemplateid756029022{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03[\'00];}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi0\li0\jclisttab\tx360\lin0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'01);}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-708\li1417
\jclisttab\tx1417\lin1417 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'02);}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-709\li2126\jclisttab\tx2126\lin2126 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'03);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-363\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4
\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'04);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-357\li1797\jclisttab\tx1797\lin1797 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03(\'05);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-363\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-357\li2517\jclisttab\tx2517\lin2517 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-363\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\fbias0 \fi-357\li3237\jclisttab\tx3237\lin3237 }{\listname ;}\listid2098745865}{\list\listtemplateid-1475193766{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'03[\'00];}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\fbias0 \s49\fi0\li0\jclisttab\tx360\lin0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12608194  PAGE   \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9007127 1}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid346843 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12608194 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s53\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8985556 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6967922\charrsid8985556 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\ltrrow\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph56\trleft0\trkeep\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8683\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl56\trpaddr56\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7893127\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5443\clshdrawnil \cellx5443\clvertalb\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3240\clshdrawnil \cellx8683\pard\plain \ltrpar\s53\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\noline\intbl
\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7893127 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid6626645 
IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE COOK ISLANDS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid6912497 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid6626645 HELD AT RAROTONGA
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid15158341 CIVIL DIVISION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6626645\charrsid6626645 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\noline\intbl
\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7893127 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs22\cgrid0\insrsid6508835\charrsid5444065 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\cgrid0\insrsid6508835 OA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\cgrid0\insrsid6508835\charrsid5444065 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs22\cgrid0\insrsid6508835 {\*\bkmkstart cri}{\*\bkmkend cri}O.2/2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\cf19\cgrid0\insrsid6508835\charrsid5444065 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\noline\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7893127 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid5444065 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid5444065 
\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph56\trleft0\trkeep\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8683\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl56\trpaddr56\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7893127\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5443\clshdrawnil \cellx5443\clvertalb\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3240\clshdrawnil \cellx8683\row }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\noline\tx3828\tx5812\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\insrsid6508835 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-5812\li5812\ri0\widctlpar\noline\tx3828\tx5812\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5812\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\insrsid6508835 \tab IN THE MATTER\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid14096291 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid6508835  the Cook Islands Constitution and the Declaratory Judgments Act 1994
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\noline\tx3828\tx5812\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid6508835 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid14096291 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid6508835 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-5812\li5812\ri0\widctlpar\noline\tx3828\tx5812\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5812\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\insrsid6508835 \tab IN THE MATTER\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid16277437 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid6508835  application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid16277437 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid6508835  for declaratory judgment}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid14425717 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid6508835  
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\insrsid6508835 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid14096291 BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\insrsid6508835 \tab WESLEY }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid14096291 KAREROA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\insrsid6508835 MP, JIM MARURAI MP, TETANGI }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\insrsid14425717 
MATAPO MP,TANGATA VAVIA MP SELINA NAPA MP, TAMAIVA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\insrsid6508835 TUAVERA MP, GEORGE ANGENE MP, NGAMAU MUNOKOA MP, WILLIAM HEATHER MP and JAMES BEER MP,  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid1321133 Members of Parliament
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\noline\tx3828\tx5812\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid16648026 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid16648026 Applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid6508835 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid16648026 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\noline\tx3828\tx5812\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\insrsid6508835 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid14096291 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid16648026 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid16648026 ATTORNEY-GENERAL
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s46\qr \fi-1418\li1418\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid6508835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid3962093 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cf19\insrsid6508835\charrsid3021417 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s46\ql \fi-1418\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs22\insrsid6508835 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3889426 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid3889426\charrsid3889426 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s46\ql \fi-1418\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid6508835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 Hearing:\tab 5 and 6 December 2016
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid1912580 Date:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14116262 1 March 2017 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid1912580 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 
\par Court:\tab Hugh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12812209 Williams}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835  CJ, Grice and Keane JJ. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid1912580 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6508835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6508835\charrsid1912580 Counsel:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6508835 Mr I Hikaka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16254163 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6508835 
 Mrs T Browne for Applicants
\par \tab \tab Mr D James, Solicitor-General, for Respondent
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11219877 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6508835\charrsid1912580 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7893127\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9039\clshdrawnil \cellx9039\pard\plain \ltrpar\s44\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 
\tx5103\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7893127 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 
JUDGMENT OF THE FULL COURT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid10560016 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid1912580 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7893127\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9039\clshdrawnil \cellx9039\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14185098 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid16078555 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid12661166                                                }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid11219877 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid12661166    SUMMARY OF DECISION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid9771222\charrsid12661166 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid9771222 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid16671323 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid9771222 [A]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid16671323 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid9771222 The actions of the Clerk of Parliament in deny}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14749141 ing the Applicants access to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid9771222 Parliament building on 22 June 2016 exceeded his 
powers in the ways described in the judgment, but his actions were in good faith and explicable and the actions of the Applicants on that occasion do not qualify them fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid12661166 
r any declaration in their favour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid9771222 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid13135247 [B]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid16671323 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid13135247 The Electoral Amendment Act 2007 is not unconstitutional}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14749141  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid13512907  can only be amended or repealed by complying with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14749141  Article 41 of the Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid13135247 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14749141 [C]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid16671323 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14749141 Parliament was quorate on 12 and 13 September 2016 and any business transacted on those days was valid.
\par [D]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid16671323 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14749141 The invocation of the Part 9A procedure in the 
Electoral Amendment Act 2007 against Mr Albert Nicholas could never have succeeded on the facts.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li567\ri0\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid1209502 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14749141 [E]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid16671323 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14749141 Other consequential decisions \endash  including costs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid16671323 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14749141  are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid16671323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14749141 as dealt with throughout the judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid16671323 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid1209502 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid4928371\charrsid1209502 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14185098 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid9771222 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s41\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f40\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid346843 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4928371 Contents
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s68\qj \li0\ri0\sa100\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9016\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4928371  TOC \\o "1-3" \\h \\z \\u }}{\fldrslt {\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK 
\\l "_Toc476145703" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs50\ul\cf2\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 INTRODUCTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145703 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700300033000000}}}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \webhidden\insrsid8985556 4}}}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 

\par }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145704" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs50\ul\cf2\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 EVENTS OF 17-21 JUNE 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145704 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700300034000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \webhidden\insrsid8985556 6}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s69\qj \li240\ri0\sa100\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9016\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin240\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145705" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Salient events}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145705 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 
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\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s70\qj \li480\ri0\sa100\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9016\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin480\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145706" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Friday 17 June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145706 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700300036000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 7}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145707" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Sunday 19 June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145707 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700300037000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 8}}}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145708" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Monday 20 June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145708 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700300038000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 9}}}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145709" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Aftermath}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145709 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700300039000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 11}}}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s69\qj \li240\ri0\sa100\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9016\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin240\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145710" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145710 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700310030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 11}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s70\qj \li480\ri0\sa100\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9016\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin480\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145711" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Declaratory Power}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145711 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700310031000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 11}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145712" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Constitutional and statutory immunity
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145712 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700310032000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 12}}}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145713" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Two generic discretionary factors}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145713 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700310033000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 14}}}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s69\qj \li240\ri0\sa100\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9016\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin240\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145714" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Legality of Clerk\rquote s conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145714 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700310034000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 15}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s70\qj \li480\ri0\sa100\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9016\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin480\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145715" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Clerk\rquote s office and functions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145715 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700310035000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 15}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145716" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Express and delegated powers}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145716 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700310036000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 15}}}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145717" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Related conclusions}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145717 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700310037000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 16}}}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s69\qj \li240\ri0\sa100\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9016\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin240\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145718" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Opposition Members\rquote  rights of access}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145718 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700310038000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 17}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145719" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Conclusions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145719 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700310039000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 19}}}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s68\qj \li0\ri0\sa100\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9016\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145720" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs50\ul\cf2\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 EVENTS OF 20 JUNE \endash  13 SEPTEMBER 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145720 \\h }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700320030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \webhidden\insrsid8985556 20}
}}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s69\qj \li240\ri0\sa100\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9016\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin240\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145721" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Quorum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145721 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700320031000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 26}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145722" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Submissions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145722 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700320032000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 27}}}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145723" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 
Constitutionality of the 2007 Amendment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 
 PAGEREF _Toc476145723 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700320033000000}}}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 28}}}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145724" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Could Part 9A apply to Mr Nicholas
\rquote  actions?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145724 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700320034000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 38}}}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145725" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 
Consequential Issues:  Abstention, Speaker\rquote s Discretion and Majority to Amend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145725 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700320035000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 41}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s70\qj \li480\ri0\sa100\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9016\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin480\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145726" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Abstention}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145726 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700320036000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 42}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145727" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Speaker\rquote s discretion}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145727 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700320037000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 43}}}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145728" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Majority for amendment}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145728 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700320038000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 44}}}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s69\qj \li240\ri0\sa100\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9016\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin240\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145729" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs50\ul\cf2\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 Result}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145729 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700320039000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\webhidden\insrsid8985556 44}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\noproof\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s68\qj \li0\ri0\sa100\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tqr\tldot\tx9016\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid346843  HYPERLINK \\l "_Toc476145730" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs50\ul\cf2\insrsid4928371\charrsid6252095 OBSERVATIONS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \webhidden\insrsid4928371 \tab }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \webhidden\insrsid4928371  PAGEREF _Toc476145730 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\webhidden\insrsid4928371 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0054006f0063003400370036003100340035003700330030000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \webhidden\insrsid8985556 45}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj }}\sectd \ltrsect\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1024\langfe1024\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\langnp5129\insrsid4928371 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 }}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sectd \ltrsect
\binfsxn7\binsxn7\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13507377\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid346843 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4928371 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14185098 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid2828929 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid1209502 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid13512281 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid14116262 \page 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14185098 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid5714745 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2828929\charrsid14704873 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132657}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145703}INTRODUCTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16078555\charrsid14704873 {\*\bkmkend _Toc476132657}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145703}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid1791395 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid803353 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1791395 The ten A}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6053428 pplicants are all Members of the 24 seat Parliament of the Cook Islands. Nine are Members of the Democratic Party.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16671323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6053428 
 Mr Angene }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6442871 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6053428 s a One Cook Islands Party Member.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16671323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6053428 
 Together with a former Member of the Cook Islands Party Government, Mrs Rose Toki Brown, they constitute the Opposition.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid8869678 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16081650 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8869678 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6053428 case has two facets. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16671323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6053428 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8869678 first}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3544016  concerns }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8869678 
whether the Clerk of Parliament acted unlawfully in denying the Opposition members access to Parliament buildings on Tuesday 21 June 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid14953591 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12877655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid13320780 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid13320780  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid13320780 
All dates in this judgment refer to 2016 unless otherwise specified}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8869678 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid16081650\charrsid16081650 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650\charrsid16081650  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650\charrsid10506993 Parliament had adjourned on th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650 e preceding Friday, 17 June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650\charrsid10506993 
 either to a date to be notified or u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650 ntil 22 August}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650\charrsid10506993  at the earliest. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650 
 But on the Sunday, 19 June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650\charrsid10506993 , the Leader of the Opposition asserted in a letter to the Clerk that Parliament had not adjourned validly in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2038 
 either sense }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650 and that under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650\charrsid10506993  Standing Orders}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid16081650 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12877655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid11219877 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid11219877  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid11219877 Hereafter \'93SO\'94}}}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650\charrsid10506993  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650\charrsid10506993 had to resume }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650 sitting }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650\charrsid10506993 on Monday, 20 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650 une in the afternoon.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid16081650 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650 On that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16081650\charrsid10506993  Monday afternoon, and in the face of the Clerk\rquote s advice that Parliament stood adjourned until forma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650 lly reconvened, the Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16081650\charrsid10506993 embers gathered in the Chamber. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16671323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650\charrsid10506993 They declared they had a quorum to resume Parliament\rquote 
s Friday session.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650\charrsid10506993  They}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650  appointed the Deputy Speaker, Mrs Rose Toki Brown, to replace}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650\charrsid10506993  the Speaker.  They expressed a lack of confidence in the Prime Minister, and their confidence in the Deputy Speaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650  as Prime Minister}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650\charrsid10506993 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650\charrsid10506993  They adjourned to obtain the assent of the Queen\rquote 
s Representative to the Deputy Speaker\rquote s appointment as Prime Minister}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8869678 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af0\insrsid6967922 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6053428 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe5129\langnp1033\insrsid6967922 
Against that background, the first aspect of the case requires us to consider whether in denying the Opposition access to Parliament on Tuesday, 21 June 2016, the Clerk}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8869678  act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14953591 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8869678  outside the terms of his o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14953591 ffice and beyond the extent of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8869678 his powers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10627832 . If}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8869678  he did}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3889426 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14953591  did he deny the O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8869678 pp}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14953591 osition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8869678 embers any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3544016 rights}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8869678  of substance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3544016 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3889426 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid3544016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3544016 
The second and more significant facet of the case concerns whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14953591 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3544016  when Parliament next convened }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14953591 
formally on 12-13 September}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11018249 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3544016  there was a sufficient quorum, and legislation was validly passed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6053428 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6053428 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1791395 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6053428 That revolves around the fact that, o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13320780 n 12-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3544016 13 Septem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14953591 ber}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6053428 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14953591  the Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3544016 embers 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14953591 boycotted Parliament by electing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3544016  to r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7544054 emain away, and the Government M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3544016 embers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7544054 present c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3544016 ould only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7544054  have constituted a quorum (12 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3544016 embers exclud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7544054 ing the Speaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid11018249 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12877655 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid11219877 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid11219877  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid11219877  More fully considered elsewhere}}}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7544054 ) if one former O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3544016 pposition member, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7544054 Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3544016 Albert Nicholas}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid11018249 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11219877 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid11219877 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid11219877  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid11219877 By direction of the Court Mr Nicholas was served with all
 papers filed in the proceedings and advised he had a limited time in which to apply to participate as an Intervenor. Beyond making an affidavit on behalf of the Respondent Mr Nicholas took no part in the case.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3544016 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7544054 wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6053428 o had left the Democratic Party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7544054 
 on whose ticket he had been elected and joined the Government, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3544016 retained his seat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7544054  (the Avatiu-Ruatonga-Atupa-Panama-Palmersto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16081650 n seat known by the acronym, \'93RAPPA\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7544054 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1791395  despite the Opposition endeavouring to trigger the operation of Part 9A of the Electoral Act 1994}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid1791395 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11219877 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid11219877 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid11219877  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid11219877 Enacted by the Electoral Amendment Act 2007.  Hereafter \'93Part 9A\'94 or the \'932007 Amendment\'94}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1791395  against him to bring}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650  about the vacation of the his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1791395  seat
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid7544054 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7544054 On 7 September, b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3544016 efore the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7544054 September session}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1791395 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7544054  the O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3544016 pposition had}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1791395 , by notice,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7544054  purportedly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1791395  invoked Part 9A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3544016  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11018249 try to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3544016 have Mr Nicholas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7544054 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3544016  seat rendered vacant on the ground that he }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3889426 had failed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650 , on a vote on an issue of confidence,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3889426  to support the party to which he was affiliated when he wa}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650 s elected.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14223821 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid3889426 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14223821 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3889426 Two issues result}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7871305  from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7544054 
 this second facet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3889426 , the f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7871305 irst of which, taken by the Attorney-General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7871305  is whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3889426  Part 9A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7871305 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3889426 inconsistent with the Constitution and consequently}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650  invalid and devoid of effect. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16671323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3889426 If Part 9A is valid and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7544054 
 operative, did the Opposition Members have the capacity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3889426  to invoke it to have Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13320780 Nicholas\rquote  seat declared vacant?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12257538 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid1791395 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1791395 Formally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7871305 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1791395  i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12257538 n this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13320780 proceeding the Applicants seek:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12257538 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid12257538 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-708\li1417\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1417\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1417\itap0\pararsid12257538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12257538 declaration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1791395  that the RAPPA seat was vacated on 7 September}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12257538  because of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2038  the operation of Part 9A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10627832 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12257538  that Parliament had no quorum to transact bus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1791395 iness on 12 or 13 September}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10627832 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12257538 
 and any business purportedly transacted by it on those dates was invalid; and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid12257538 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}a declaration tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650 
t the barring of the Applicants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12257538  from the precincts of Parliament by the Cle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1791395 rk of Parliament on 21 June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12257538 
 was unlawful in the circumstances des}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2038 cribed elsewhere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13320780  in this judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12257538 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid12257538 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12257538 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12257538 By way of counter-claim, the Atto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16081650 
rney General seeks declarations that Part 9A and the 2007 Amendment are inoperative as contrary to the Constitution of the Cook Islands and, alternatively, that Part 9A can be repealed or amended by a simple majority vote in Parliament.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12257538 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14704873 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1665746\charrsid1665746 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132658}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145704}EVENTS OF 17-21 JUNE 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1665746 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7544054\charrsid1665746 
{\*\bkmkend _Toc476132658}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145704}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid687042 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14223821 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid687042 
In denying the Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers acce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5847144 ss to Parliament on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1779380  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid687042 Tuesday, 21 June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 , the Clerk\rquote s intent was he sa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5847144 ys (and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
 he says he ac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid687042 ted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11011135 after consulting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid687042 with th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11011135 e Speaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 ) to deny them the ability to resume in the Chamber their asserted right to convene as the Parliament. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13320780  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 In this proceeding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5847144 , as mentioned,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  they seek a declaration that, in acting as he d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1779380 id, the Clerk acted unlawfully.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid687042 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5847144 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid687042 They contend that, as M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
embers of Parliament, they enjoyed the right on that Tuesday afternoon to enter and to remain within the precincts of Parliament; and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid687042  Parliamentary library and the O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 pposition office in particular. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13320780  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
The Clerk, they say also, acted in breach of their fundamental rights under the Constitution to equality before the law, to freedom of peaceful assembly and associati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5847144 on, and to freedom of movement.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6967922 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6967922 The resulting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5847144  question to be answered, whether the Opposition Members are entitled to a declaration that the Clerk acted unlawfully on 21 June when he denied them access to Parliament buildings, entails three issues.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5847144\charrsid5847144 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid2038 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14223821 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2038 The first}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
 is whether this Court has jurisdiction to grant such a declaration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13320780  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
 This Court has by statute a general discretionary power to grant declaratory relief, but the Clerk calls in aid a Constitutional and statutory immunity he enjoys as an officer of Parliament.  Is that an immunity on which he is ent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid687042 itled to rely?  The Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers contend that his actions lay beyond }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid687042 the powers of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 his office, and his powers, and beyond the reach of any such immunity.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}The second issue, which arises if the Clerk is not immune, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6634279 again }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 has two facets. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13320780  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
The first is whether it lay within hi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid687042 s power to deny the Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
embers access to Parliament on the Tuesday afternoon, either in his own right or as the Speaker\rquote s delegate (should the evidence go that far). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13320780  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The second and larger issue, if the Clerk lacked power to act as he did, is this:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid687042   to what extent did he deny}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
 Opposit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid687042 ion M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5847144 embers any right of access}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  they w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13320780 
ere then entitled to exercise?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}The third issue, if the Clerk did act unlawful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5847144 ly, and did deny the Opposition Me}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
mbers any aspect of their rights of access, is whether this Court should grant the declaration contended for.  This question of discretion also has two aspects.  One}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid687042  is whether the Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers deserve the declaratory relief they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993 seek.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16671323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993  The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  other is whether any declaration could serve any useful }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid687042 legal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13320780 purpose.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8848593\charrsid14704873 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132659}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145705}Salient events}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid14704873 {\*\bkmkend _Toc476132659}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145705}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5847144 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 These three issues cannot be resolved by fixing solely on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12209340  Clerk\rquote s conduct on 21 June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
.  They must be set against the Speaker's decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12209340 , as announced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  on 17 June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12209340 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  to adjourn Parliament to a date to be notif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12209340 ied, and not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7871305 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12209340 
 as the Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers then wished}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7871305 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993 until 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12209340  August}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5847144 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 They must be set }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12209340 equally against the Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers\rquote  actions in the Parliamentary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12209340  Chamber on Monday, 20 June}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5847144 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5847144\charrsid14704873 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132660}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145706}Friday 17 June{\*\bkmkend _Toc476132660}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145706}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14223821 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 On Friday, 17 June, the date on which Parliament had last formally convened in session, the main item of business on the Order Paper was the Appropriation Bill }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12209340 
2016, which it first considered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  as the Committee of Supply, and then passed on the second and third readings.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}During the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6436108  question time}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  which preceded the committee phase that day, the Opposition established that the P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12209340 rime Minister and some cabinet M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 inisters were about to travel to overseas conferences. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13320780  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 Then, during the committee phase}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12209340 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  they contended that, to accord those commitments priority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993 , the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  Government was intent on truncating the 10 days allocated to the co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12209340 mmittee phase }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7871305 of the Appropriation Bill }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6436108 by SO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16481552  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 307.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid803353 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The Leader of the House immed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11011135 
iately moved that Standing Orders be suspended. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The Opposition called for a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993 division. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13320780  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  Government succeeded by a bare majority: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993 12 votes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12209340  to 11. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13320780  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11011135 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12209340 Mr }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11011135 Albert Nicholas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  was absent - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12209340 the subject of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11011135 
one section of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12209340 the second part}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  of this case.)  The committee phase and the two readings were t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11011135 
hen completed without recorded dissent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14223821 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
Once other matters before Parliament that day were also resolved the final issue became the date to which Parliament was then to adjourn.  The Leader of the House moved that Parliament adjourn sine die (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6436108 i.e.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10627832  not to a specified date}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 ) and that motion was seconded. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13320780  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16671323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 However the Opposition responded by moving an amendment, also second}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12209340 ed, that it be to 22 August to review a Select C}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 ommittee report on purse seine fishing.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14837589 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14837589 The Government Minister chairing that Select C}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 ommittee then supported the original motion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13320780  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  He said that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14837589 he report, and that of another S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14837589 lect C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
ommittee, would be before Parliament by August, but that the date could not yet be fixed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13320780  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  The Spe
aker then put the motion without saying whether it was the original or amended}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14837589  motion and, after it was passed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993 , that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  became an immediate issue.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}
The Leader of the Opposition contended that the motion agreed to had to be that as amended.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13320780  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  The Speaker ruled that it had to be the origina}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14837589 l motion, just endorsed by the Select Committee chair.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803353  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  Hansard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\super\insrsid14837589 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid8848593 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid8848593  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid8848593 Correctly, the \'93Minutes\'94: SO 44. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid8848593 There was no challenge to the accuracy of the Minutes in evidence.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  records that the House then adjourned \'93sine die\'94
, and thus to a date to be notified.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6436108 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132661}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145707}Sunday 19 June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid6436108 
{\*\bkmkend _Toc476132661}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145707}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14223821 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 At 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803353 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993 pm on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14837589  Sunday, 19 June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 , a letter was delivered to the Clerk from the Leader of the Opposition.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13320780  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  It said this:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13320780   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri662\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid615740 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid13320780 
The Parliamentary Opposition has taken advice of the confused procedures that attended upon the adjournment motion at last Friday\rquote s sitting and has concluded that the House was neither adjourned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1471140 s
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid13320780 ine }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1471140 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid13320780 ie as was the Government\rquote 
s wish nor to the 22 August as was the Opposition\rquote s.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri662\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid615740 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid13320780 
The position therefore is that in the absence of any clear direction from the House, the House stands adjourned until the next sitting day which is Monday, 20 June 2016.
\par This note is then to formally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14837589\charrsid13320780 advise you and through you the S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid13320780 
peaker that the Parliamentary opposition will be attending in the house at 1.00pm and is a courtesy to enable you to make appropriate arrangements.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14223821 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The Clerk\rquote s evidence is that he found this letter \'93disturbing\'94. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803353  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 He then considered, as he does still, that the assertion in the letter that Parliament had not adjourned on the Friday sine die was }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993 irreconcilable with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  the Speaker\rquote s ruling, as recorded in H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8848593 
ansard, and therefore \'93false\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6436108 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132662}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145708}Monday 20 June{\*\bkmkend _Toc476132662}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145708}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6967922 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 On the Monday morning the Clerk, having consulted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14837589 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6967922  he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7871305  said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14837589 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  with the Spe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11011135 aker and the Solicitor-General, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
invited two senior police officers to Parliament B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14837589 uildings to ensure that, when Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers arrived, there was no disturbance. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803353  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The officers remained, he says, throughout the afternoon.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid6436108 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14837589\charrsid1471140 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14185098 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14837589\charrsid1471140 At 12.30pm the Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140 embers arrived, together with two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7871305 then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140 Government members, the Deputy Speaker,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6634279  Mrs Rose Toki Brown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6634279 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140 
who had decided that day to quit the Governm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6634279 ent and join the Opposition -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14837589\charrsid1471140 
Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140 Albert Nicholas, the Government Min}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14837589\charrsid1471140 ister and erstwhile Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140 ember, who says he was there out of curiosity. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16671323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140 With them as well were 11 supporters, one of whom, Norma}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15014799\charrsid1471140 n George, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14837589\charrsid1471140 was a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175881\charrsid1471140 lawyer, a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14837589\charrsid1471140 former M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175881\charrsid1471140 mber of Parliament, Minister and Speaker.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid803353\charrsid1471140   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140 Als}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15014799\charrsid1471140 o the CITV cameraman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2127252\charrsid1471140  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140 who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1209502 normally recorded proceedings only to be denied entry by the Clerk.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid2175881\charrsid1471140 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175881\charrsid1471140 The Clerk says he
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140  told the Leader of the Opposition that Parliament stood adjourned until formally reconvened, and that he was not that day under any of his duties as Clerk when Parl
iament was in session (a stance he had set out to make clear,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175881\charrsid1471140  he says, by wearing an island }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140 
shirt to which Mr George took exception}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2127252\charrsid1471140 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14240685 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140 The Clerk did not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8658607 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140  he says}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8658607 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140  attempt to deny the Oppos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175881\charrsid1471140 
ition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140 embers access to the Chamber.  Nor did he deny access to the CITV cameraman, he says because he wanted to ensure there was an accurate record.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\super\insrsid11011135 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1665746 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid1665746 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid1665746  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1665746 We were invited to, and have relied on the transcript as to which there is no issue which matters. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1665746 We have seen no need to view the video recording.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid1471140 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14223821 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 Then}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175881 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  in the Chamber, and after the customary prayer, the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175881  Clerk welcomed the Opposition members but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
 advised them that Parliament stood adjourned until a date still to be formally notified, and that it could not resume sitting that afternoon.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}
The Leader of the Opposition did not accept that to be so.  He responded by saying, in effect, that because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175881 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 Speaker\rquote 
s Friday ruling on the adjournment was in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175881 correct it was without effect,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  and that under Standing O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098 rders Parliament had to resume }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 sitting tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098 t afternoon.  He then outlined }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2127252 
what was to ensue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid2175881 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175881 He said that the Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2175881 present and the two Government M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
embers constituted a quorum (a minimum of 12 members excluding the Speaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid11536940 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1665746 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid1665746 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid1665746  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1665746 Art 34(4) of the Constitution}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 ), and that they could appoint the Deputy Speaker in place of the Speaker, and begin by dealing with the Bills still ou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11536940 
tstanding on the Order Paper from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  the Friday before.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}
The Clerk said that he and the Speaker had met the Solicitor-General that morning;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11011135  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 and that the Solicitor-General\rquote s advice was t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6436108 hat the Speaker\rquote s Friday ruling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11011135 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11011135 correct as recorded in Hansard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477241  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The Leader of the Opposition said, however, that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11011135 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  absent a written opinion from the Sol}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11536940 icitor-General, the Opposition m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers could act as he had outlined. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477241  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 He put motions in those terms as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477241 if Parliament were in session.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}At that point the Clerk said again that he intended to comply with the Speaker
\rquote s Friday ruling, and the Leader of the Opposition told him he was relieved of his duty that day, and moved that the Deputy Speaker take the chair.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477241  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  The Clerk left the Chamber.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid11536940 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11536940 The Opposition m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers then acceded to a motion suspending their sitting for half an hour (between 1.30 \endash  2.00pm) to set an agenda, and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6436108 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11536940  they resumed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6436108 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11536940  adopted as their order p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 aper that for the Friday before.  They then agreed to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid163390 a motion suspending}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  all Standing Orders, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029746\charrsid5273988 \'93in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid5273988  order that a motion concerning matters of urgent public importance as it appears in the Order Paper be taken forthwith}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029746\charrsid5273988 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5273988 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16671323 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
In short order, they passed motions expressing a lack of confidence in the Cabinet, and affirming that the Deputy Speaker commanded the confidence of the majority of members. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477241  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 They called on the Queen's Representative to appoint her Prime Minister, and suspended their sitting to enable her to present herself to him, in their company.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid163390  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477241  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid163390 It was then 2.15pm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16671323 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16671323 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132663}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145709}Aftermath{\*\bkmkend _Toc476132663}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145709}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1125271 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The Depu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid163390 ty Speaker, and the Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers accompanying her, found the gates to the Queen\rquote 
s Representative\rquote s residence closed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477241  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 After some 20 minutes, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid163390 
they were told by his Official S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 ecretary that he was elsewhere. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477241  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
They did not meet the Queen\rquote s Representative before they returned to Parliament on the Tuesday at 1.00pm to resume th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477241 eir suspended Monday sitting.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13512281\charrsid10506993 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2128089\charrsid2170887 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132664}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145710}Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid2170887 
{\*\bkmkend _Toc476132664}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145710}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14223821 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The first question, whether this Court has jurisdiction to grant a declaration that the Clerk acted unlawfully, turns on the interplay between the Declaratory Judgments Act 1994, which confers a general power to grant 
declaratory relief, and the Constitution, as supplemented by the Legislative Assembly Powers and Privileges Act 1967}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid163390  (\'93LAPPA\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
, which confer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13187544 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  the immunity on which the Clerk relies.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2128089 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132665}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145711}Declaratory Power}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid2128089 
{\*\bkmkend _Toc476132665}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145711}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14185098 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The Declaratory Judgments Act 1994 Act, which derives from and is essentially identical to the Declaratory Judgments Act 1908 (NZ), confers on this Court a general power to grant declaratory relief.  Section 2 says}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477241 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri662\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid615740 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid477241 
No action or proceeding in the High Court shall be open to objection on the ground that a merely
 declaratory judgment or order is sought thereby, and the said Court may make binding declarations of right, whether any consequential relief is or could be claimed or not.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14223821 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 Section 11 confirms that this Court has that ability even where it cannot }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098 give any other form of relief;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  and, though it is not relevant to this case, s 9 enables this Court to make a declara}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098 tion in anticipation of an act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 or event.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [42]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14185098 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098 Equally importantly, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098 jurisdiction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 the Act confers is entirely discretionary. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477241  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 Section 10 says:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri662\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid615740 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid477241 The juris
diction hereby conferred upon the High Court to give or make a declaratory judgment or order shall be discretionary, and the said Court may, on any grounds which it deems sufficient, refuse to give or make any such judgment or order.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [43]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14223821 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 This Court is able, as the Court of Appeal confirmed in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14185098\charrsid1665746 Clarke v Karika}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid163390 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10965973 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid477241 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid477241  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid477241 [1983] CKCA 5}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid2128089 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  to make declarations as to the validity of parliamentary conduct by reference to the Constitution. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477241  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 It can, as that decision recognises, and we are invited to do in the second aspect of this case, declare
 a statute inconsistent with the fundamental rights conferred by the Constitution, and to that extent invalid and inoperative.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477241  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
 This Court is also able to declare that Parliament has not acted in accord with its constitutionally prescribed process: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14185098\charrsid1665746 Robati v Privileges Standing Committee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid163390 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10965973 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid477241 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid477241  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6967922 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid477241 1993] CKCA 1}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477241 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [44]\tab}
As those cases also illustrate, however, this wide declaratory power must always be exercised consistently with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13187544 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
constitutional principle identified by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14185098\charrsid1665746 Prebble v Television New Zealand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid163390 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10965973 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid477241 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid477241  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid477241 [1983] 3 NZLR 1 at 6}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13187544  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8658607 namely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13187544 that}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid477241  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13187544 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid163390 he C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7871305 ourts and Parliament must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  both }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7871305 be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 astute to recognise their respective const}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid163390 itutional }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13187544 roles, and that, s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid163390 o far as the C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 ourts are concerned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13187544 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  they will not allow any challenge to be made to what is said or done within the walls 
of Parliament in the performance of its legislative functions and protection of its established privileges.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2128089 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132666}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145712}Constitutional and statutory immunity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid2128089 {\*\bkmkend _Toc476132666}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145712}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [45]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13316112 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The privileges of Parliament to which the Judicial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6971584  Committee referred, and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2128089  which M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers and officers of Parliament nec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6971584 essarily share, are set out in A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 rt 36 of the Constitution }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098 and the Clerk invokes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 the immunity confe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6971584 rred by A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 rt 36(2).  But we must begin more b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098 roadly.  The Clerk also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 invokes any customary immunity preserved by s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6971584  4A of LAPPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13316112  which reads:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri662\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid615740 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid477241 Subject to
 the provisions of the Constitution, the Assembly and the Committees and Members thereof shall have, hold, enjoy and exercise the like privileges, immunities and powers as are held enjoyed and exercised by the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great B
r
itain and Northern Ireland and by the Committees and Members thereof whether such privileges, immunities and powers are held possessed or enjoyed by custom, statute or otherwise, and the Leader of the House may at any time give such instructions as may be
 necessary to ensure the orderly progress of parliamentary business and which are authorised or ratified by the Assembly.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [46]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14223821 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 Section 4A, to our mind, is unlikely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6971584 
to confer on Parliament or its M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers or the Clerk any privilege, immunity or power material to this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6971584 case beyond those conferred by A}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 rt 36 and the Constitution as a whole. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6971584 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [47]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6971584 Leaving aside A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 rt 36(2) for a moment, Parliament\rquote s privilege is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6971584 preserved in the widest way by A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 rt 36(1):}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10965973 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri662\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid10965973 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid10965973 
The validity of any proceedings in Parliament or in any committee thereof shall not be questioned in any Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6029746\charrsid10965973 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid10965973\charrsid10965973 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10965973 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1924634 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6971584 nd A}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 rt 36(3)-(5) reflect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6971584 s A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 rt 9 of the Bill of Rights 1688 with which }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14185098\charrsid1665746 Prebble}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid477241  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 was concerned, which applies still by virtue of s 4A and prohibits}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10965973 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri662\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid10965973 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid10965973\charrsid10965973 \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid10965973 freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid477241\charrsid10965973  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid10965973\charrsid10965973 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10965973 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13316112 from being}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10965973 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri662\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid10965973 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid10965973 
impeached or questioned in any C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid10965973\charrsid10965973 ourt or place out of Parliament}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid10965973 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [48]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14185098 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 Mo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6971584 re pertinently still, however, A}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 rt 36(2), which the Clerk does invoke primarily, is itself widely expressed:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li720\ri662\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin720\itap0\pararsid615740 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid615740 
No officer or member or Speaker of Parliament in whom powers are vested for the regulation of procedure or the conduct of business or the maintenance of order shall in relation to the exercise by him of any of those powers be subject to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid803353\charrsid615740  the jurisdiction of any Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid615740 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [49]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14185098 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 Furthermore, this immunity is also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6971584 
given by s 31 of LAPPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid615740 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6971584  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri662\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid615740 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid615740 Neither 
the Speaker nor any officer of the Assembly shall be subject to the jurisdiction of any Court in respect of the exercise of any power conferred on or invested in him by or under this Act or the Standing Orders of the Legislative Assembly.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [50]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14185098 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The Clerk unquestionably enjoys this immunity expressed stat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6971584 utorily and thus that given by A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 rt 36(2).  An }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14185098\charrsid1924634 officer of the assembly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  is defined by s 2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13316112 of LAPPA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 to be:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li720\ri662\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin720\itap0\pararsid10965973 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid9714029\charrsid10965973 \'85t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid10965973 he Clerk or any other officer or person acting within the Chamber or the precincts thereof with the 
authority of the Assembly or the Speaker and includes any police officer on duty within the precincts of the Assembly.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [51]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14185098 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14185098\charrsid1924634 
precincts of the assembly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  are also widely defined by s 2 to include, not just Parliament buildings but also the surrounding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993 
grounds. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid615740  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993 They}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  are defined to be:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid615740  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri662\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid615740 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid615740 \'85
 the Offices of the Assembly and places provided for the use or accommodation of strangers, members of the public and representatives of the press and includes, while the Assembly is sitting and is subject to any exceptions made 
by direction of the Speaker, the entire building in which the Chamber is situated and any enclosure or open space adjoining or appertaining to such building and used or provided for the purposes of the Assembly.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [52]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid803353 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The critical issue is whether the Clerk acte
d within the scope of any power vested in him, or lawfully delegated to him by the Speaker.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid615740  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
 If he acted beyond his power his immunity cannot avail him and this Court has jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid615740  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  If he acted within his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803353 power the converse is the case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2128089\charrsid2949290 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132667}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145713}Two generic discretionary factors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid2949290 {\*\bkmkend _Toc476132667}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145713}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [53]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14223821 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
In the event that the Clerk exceeded his power, the issue to which we are about to come, and this Court does have jurisdiction to make such a declaration, there will still be a question as to whether in its discretion it should do so.
  And two generic factors come into play whenever declaratory relief is applied for.  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [54]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13187544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The first is a matter of public policy. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid615740  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The declaration sought must serve a lawful purpose. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid615740  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
Furthermore, and even though a declaration is not an equitable remedy, applicants seeking declaratory relief must always have clean hands: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14185098\charrsid1665746 Puttick v Attorney-General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid6971584 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid615740 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid615740 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid615740  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid615740 [1980] Fam 1}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14185098\charrsid1665746 
Kung v Country Section NZ Indian Association}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid6971584 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid615740 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid615740 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid615740  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid615740 [1996] 1 NZLR 663(HC)}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6971584 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid615740  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6971584 The Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
embers, and their conduct, and the declaration they seek, must survive scrutiny from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13187544  those converging perspectives.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [55]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
The second is that the declaration must have some intrinsic value. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid615740  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
Whether the Clerk acted within his power may well be a question of public law capable of being resolved by a declaration, even if the issue has ceased to have immediate significance: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14185098\charrsid1665746 
R v Gordon-Smith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid7549320 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid615740 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid615740 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid615740  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid615740 [2209] 1 NZLR 721(SC)}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid615740  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 But it must still serve some useful purpose: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14185098\charrsid1665746 Re Chase}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid7549320 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid615740 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid615740 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid615740  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid615740 
[1989] 1 NZLR 325(ca)}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10965973\charrsid10965973 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803353\charrsid2170887 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132668}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145714}Legality of Clerk\rquote s conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid2170887 {\*\bkmkend _Toc476132668}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145714}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [56]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14223821 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The issues whether the Clerk acted consistently with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993 his office}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
 under the Constitution and whether he exercised legitimately any express or delegated power he did possess, are interrelated.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2128089 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132669}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145715}Clerk\rquote s office and functions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid2128089 {\*\bkmkend _Toc476132669}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145715}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [57]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14223821 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The office of the Clerk of P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7549320 arliament, is created by Art 38}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 , which assigns to the Clerk the duty to 
keep a record of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2128089  proceedings of Parliament and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  transmit it to the Queen\rquote 
s Representative.  Part XII of the Standing Orders also confirms that the Clerk\rquote s duty is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid615740 to keep a comprehensive record.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [58]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8329530 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 This is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13316112 
solely an administrative role. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid615740  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13316112 U}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 nder the Constitut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13187544 ion the Clerk has only one role}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  which is in any sense supervisory, and it is highly specific.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid615740  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  When}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7549320  an election for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  Speaker is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid473621 required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 , the Clerk assumes the chair. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid615740  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 That cannot enlarge the Clerk\rquote 
s role in any way that counts in this case. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11296317  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 But the Clerk also has specific powers and can act on the Speak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8329530 er\rquote s delegation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8329530 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132670}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145716}Express and delegated powers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8329530\charrsid8329530 
{\*\bkmkend _Toc476132670}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145716}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [59]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14185098 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 Section 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7549320 2 of LAPPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13316112  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
confers on officers of the Assembly all the powers of a police officer and under s 33 these extend to a power of arrest. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11296317  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The Clerk must hav
e those powers, we accept, in respect of strangers to Parliament.  Whether the Clerk could }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7549320 ever invoke them in respect of M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
embers is an entirely different question.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [60]\tab}
The Clerk is also entitled to exercise any power validly delegated by the Speaker under s 12(1) of the Legislative Service Act 1968}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10965973 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10972399 69.  It says:}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri662\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid11296317 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid11296317 
Except where the Standing Orders or any enactment otherwise provides, the Speaker may from time to time, either generally or particularly, delegate any of his powers to the Clerk or other officer of the legislative service.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [61]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14185098 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
Section 12(2) then enables the Clerk to exercise that power delegated as if it were directly conferred: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri662\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin662\lin709\itap0\pararsid11296317 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid11296317 
Subject to any general or specific directions given by the Speaker, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid10972399 the person }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14185098\charrsid11296317 to whom any powers are so delegated may exercise 
those powers in the same manner and with the same effect as if they had been conferred on him directly by this Act and not by delegation.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [62]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14185098 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
The issue remains whether the Speaker can delegate all her or his powers under the Constitution, the Standing Orders and statute, those to supervise Parliament\rquote s proceedings, and those to control and protect Parliament\rquote s estate, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11296317 the buildings and the grounds.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [63]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8329530 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The Clerk invokes those wider powers but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7549320  the Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers contend that only powers the Legislative Assembly Act 1968-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993 69}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid8329530 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid16671323 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid16671323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid16671323 As cited by counsel: LAPPA?}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993  itself}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
 confers may be delegated by the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8329530  Speaker.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8329530 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132671}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145717}Related conclusions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8329530\charrsid8329530 
{\*\bkmkend _Toc476132671}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145717}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [64]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14185098 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 We need only resolve these issues as to the possible extent of the Clerk\rquote s direct and delegated powers, beyond the administrative, to the extent that they arise on the evidence and they do not. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The Clerk did not invoke any of the powers of a police officer.  Nor did he purport to arrest anyone. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 Nor did he act on any delegation from the Speaker.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [65]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10972399 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 On the evidence, we find, the Clerk acted of his own accord.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10972399  The only evidence is that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  he says he consulted with the Speaker on the Monday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7549320  morning before the Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers came to Parliament, and before they returned on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10972399  the Tuesday afternoon, and}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  that he acted with her agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10972399 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16671323  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10972399  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3701841 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 he Clerk }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3701841 does not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 go so far 
as to say that the Speaker instructed him to act as he did, or that she delegated to him any power she considered sh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10972399 e possessed to act in that way.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [66]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14185098 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 As a result, we conclude that when t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5836776 
he Clerk denied the Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers access to Parliament Buildings on the Tuesday afternoon he exceeded his administrative function and his powers. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12716839  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 But we also find that he acted in good faith to give effect to the Speaker\rquote s Friday ruling }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839 
and for understandable reasons.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [67]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2949290 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The critical issue, we consider, is whether t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5836776 he Clerk denied the Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers the ability to exercise any right of acc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5836776 ess they did possess either as M}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers of Parliament or under the Constitution and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839 how significant that right is.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2949290 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2949290 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8329530\charrsid7951212 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145718}Opposition Members\rquote  rights of access}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid7951212 
{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145718}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [68]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14185098 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 Members of Parliament, elected to represent the electors in their constituencies, enjoy a right of access to Parliament buildings to discharge that responsibility. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 That is a customary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10972399  right of long standing, inherent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 ly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10972399  part of the rights}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13316112  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 secured to them by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5836776  s 4A of LAPPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 , which strangers to Parliament do not and cannot possess.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid5836776 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [69]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5836776 The Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers also say that, as well as being denied that right, they were denied their fundamental rights under the Constitution to equality before t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5836776 he law, and to its prot
ection (A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 rt 64(b)); to their freedom to assemble peacefully and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5836776  to associate with each other (A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 rt 64(f)); and to their free}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5836776 dom of movement at common law (A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 rt 42, Magna Carta).
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [70]\tab}We question however, in the absence of any submission, what}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5836776 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  if anything}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5836776 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  those fundamental rights and fr}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13316112 eedoms, enjoyed by every person in the Cook Islands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 , add to their primary and definitive right of access to the precincts of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993 Parliament on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  the Tuesday afternoon, by virtue of their membership.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [71]\tab}Even more to the point, that right, large though it may be, is not absolute. }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 It is not a personal and private right. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 It is a right they enjo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5836776 y to discharge their duties as M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
embers of Parliament under the Constitution.  To sustain their complaint that they were denied that right unlawfully they must first establish that they were exercising it consistently with the Constitution.  In our view they cannot.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid5836776 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [72]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid803353 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5836776 The Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
embers do not say precisely why they returned to Parliament Buildings on the Tuesday afternoon.  But, on the evidence, that ca
n only have been to resume in the Chamber where they had left off the day before on the premise that they had then supplanted the Government and had a sufficient quorum to function as Parliament. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 That premise is irreconcilable with the Constitution, and two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993 central complementary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid803353  features of it most obviously.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [73]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14185098 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 The first is tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5836776 t Parliament is, as A
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 rt 27(2) of the Constitution prescribes, a sovereign body of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid5273988 \'93
24 members elected by secret ballot under a system of universal suffrage by the electors of the \'85 islands or groups of islands or areas\'94,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 which comprise the entire Cook Islands. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
That is the premise on which the Constitution as it concerns Parliament is ordered; nothing less. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
A quorum of 12 members can only come into play un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839 der A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5836776 rt 34(4) and SO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
 55, if Parliament in that full sovereign sense has been duly convened. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid5836776 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [74]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5836776 The second is that, under A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 rt 29(1), Parliament meets }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid5273988 \'93at such places and at such times as the Queen\rquote s Representative appoints in that behalf\'94;}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839\charrsid5273988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 and the prorogation of Parliament also rests with th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5836776 e Queen\rquote s Representative under A}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 rt 37(1).  While Parliament is in session, when it sits and for how long, has necessarily to be the subject of Standing Orders devised, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid5273988 \'93for the regulation and orderly conduct of its proceedings\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839\charrsid5273988 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 rt 34(5).
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid5836776 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [75]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid803353 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5836776 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11219877 tanding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5836776 
O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11219877 rder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  51 provides that, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid5273988 \'93
During any one session Parliament may adjourn a meeting for such periods as it may determine.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
Where Parliament adjourns sine die, SO 52 provides that the Queen\rquote s Representative is to decide when it is next to m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803353 eet and to inform the Speaker. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [76]\tab}
Whenever Parliament adjourns, and even when that is to a specific date, SO 53(1) obliges the Clerk to, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid5273988 \'93
send to each member not less than seven days written notice directing attention to the meeting\'94,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839\charrsid5273988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 subject only to the Queen
\rquote s Representative\rquote s right to summon a meeting on shorter sufficient notice, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid5273988 \'93which will ensure that members are duly informed\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12716839\charrsid5273988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid5273988  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
Where Parliament adjourns for more than seven days SO 53(2) obliges the Clerk to include with the notice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839  a copy of the Business Paper.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid9600867 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [77]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9600867 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3672605 
tanding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9600867 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3672605 rder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
 54, on which the Opposition Members necessarily rely, governs sitting days and hours, and those days are Monday to Friday inclusive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
 So if Parliament concludes on a Friday without }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993 adjourning sine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  die or to a specific date, under SO 54(5) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993 it will}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  resume on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14185098\charrsid12716839 next sitting day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 , which is the Monday. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 But equally plainly it will resume on a day of which every m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803353 ember had notice on the Friday.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [78]\tab}
In this instance, on the face of the Hansard record on the Friday, SO 54 never came into play. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 Parliament 
adjourned sine die and the date when it was next to meet lay with the Queen\rquote s Representative. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12716839  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 Even assuming, as we do, that}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8658607  in the hubbub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10972399  of the Chamber that afternoon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  the Speaker was incorrect in her ruling}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid9600867 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid13575271 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid13575271  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid13575271 Pitchforth }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid13575271 Meetings, Practice and Procedure in NZ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid13575271  4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\super\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid13575271 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid13575271  ed 2010 p 3-135}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  and that the motion agreed to was the amended motion, Parliament stood adjourned until}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9600867 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9600867 at the earliest, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 22 August}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8658607 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  and all members were entitled to notice of that a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803353 nd the proposed Business Paper.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid3430221 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [79]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3430221 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3430221 What was not elaborat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7871305 ed to us in submissions was}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3430221  t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9600867 he Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers\rquote 
 assertion in their Sunday evening letter to the Clerk that, as a result of an error by the Speaker }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9600867 in what she announced }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
as to the adjournment agreed to, Parliament did not adj}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3430221 ourn to any date. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2170887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3430221 Such a submission, if made, would}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3430221 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 beg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3430221 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 n to withstand scrutiny. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13575271  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
Parliament at least adjourned to 22 August.  Nor, we hardly add, did that letter give }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9714029\charrsid10506993 any notice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9600867  to the Government M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers of the resumed sitting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803353 proposed for the following day.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3430221 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803353\charrsid2170887 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132672}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145719}Conclusions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid2170887 
{\*\bkmkend _Toc476132672}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145719}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [80]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid803353 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 Against that background we conclude, firstly, that the Clerk was right, when he received the Sunday evening letter, to be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9600867  concerned that the Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers proposed to act the following day inconsistently with the Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13575271  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
 Parliament then stood adjourned, if not sine die, then at least until 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9600867 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803353  August. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid8329530 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [81]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8329530 Secondly, we conclude}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  the Clerk was right}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8329530 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  after taking advice on the Monday morning, to adhere to tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9600867 t position when the Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 embers met in the Chamber that afternoon.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13575271  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  It did not constitute a duly convened meeting of Parliament, and the fact that they had sufficient numbers to constitute a quorum if Parliament had been duly convened, did not validate their meeting. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13575271  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 Their motions were inconsistent with the Cons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803353 titution and devoid of effect. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [82]\tab}Thirdly, we conclude, on the Tuesday the Cle
rk exceeded his office and powers when he denied them access to Parliament building.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13575271  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
 But the only rights of access they were entitled to assert were to their office and to the library, which they did not wish to exercise or only incidentally. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13575271  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 They wanted access to the Chamber, to resume where they had left off the day before, to which they had no right under the Constitution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13575271  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993  In denying them that, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13575271 he Clerk denied them nothing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [83]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13575271 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 Fourthly, we conclude, while the Clerk did exceed his office and powers}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9600867  on the Tuesday the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11276386 actions of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9600867 Opposition M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14185098\charrsid10506993 
embers do not deserve any declaration that, to that extent, he acted unlawfully.  He acted in good faith and explicably.  Nor in the singular circumstances of this case do we consider that such a declaration would serve any useful }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9600867 legal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13575271 purpose.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8133462 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid8133462 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [84]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid803353 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8133462 The result of those findings is that, apart from the conclusion in paragraph}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8329530 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3672605 [66}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8329530\charrsid2170887 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3672605 , [82}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10627832 ]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8329530  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3672605 [83}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4807641\charrsid2170887 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4807641  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8133462 as to the Clerk}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8329530 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8133462 s actions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3948149 , this part of the case is dismissed.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14704873 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3430221\charrsid2828929 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132673}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145720}EVENTS OF 20 JUNE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2170887  \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3430221\charrsid2828929 
 13 SEPTEMBER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2170887  2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3948149\charrsid2828929 {\*\bkmkend _Toc476132673}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145720}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6508835 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [85]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3430221 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 In the General}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3430221  Election held on 9 July 2014, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 Mr Albert Nicholas was elected a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14425717 s the Member for the RAPPA seat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3430221 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [86]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2170887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 The political party appearing against Mr Nicholas\rquote 
s name in the nomination paper nominating him as a candidate for the RAPPA seat was the Democratic Party.  But, in May 2015, he left the Democratic Party, jo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14425717\charrsid4807641 ined the Cook Islands Party in G}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 overnment and has since held the portfolio of Minister of Internal Affa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16598710\charrsid4807641 irs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13575271\charrsid4807641 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641   On 12 November 2015, by letter from the leader of the Opposition and the Democratic Party, the Hon. W Heather, Mr Nicholas\rquote 
s membership of the Democratic Party was terminated. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid2170887 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [87]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 On 20 June Mr Heather wrote to Mr Nicholas in the following terms:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin709\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 
I am writing to inform you that it is my considered view that Section 105B(a) of the Electoral Amendment Act 2007 (\'93the Act\'94) applies to you in your position as the Member of Parliament for Ruatonga, Avatiu, Panama, Palmerston, Atupa (\'93RAPPA\'94
).  My reasons are as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-425\li1134\ri521\sb360\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin1134\itap0\pararsid14240685 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 1.\tab 
You did not vote with or support the Opposition Democratic Party Members of Parliament in
 opposing the budget, an issue of confidence as defined by Section 105A of the Act, when it was put to the vote on Friday, 10 June 2016.  In fact you seconded the motion.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-425\li1134\ri521\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin1134\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 2.\tab 
This particular enactment was also known as the \'93anti-party hopping legislation\'94.  It introduced a new part into the Act, Part 9A entitled \'93Party Integrity\'94.  As its name implies, it was designed to put an end to Members of Parliament \'93
crossing the floor\'94, as it were, or deserting the party which elected them into Parliament, once they have been so elected.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin709\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 
It is therefore my intention to give written notice to the Speaker of Parliament pursuant to Section 105B(b) of that Act to have your seat declared vacant.
\par However under Section 105D(a)(ii) of the Act, I am required to give you 7 work
ing days from the date of receipt by you of this notice to respond to me in writing on the matters raised herein.  I do so now through this written notice.  Upon the expiry of that period of time, and taking into consideration your conduct and your respon
se (if any) to this notice, I will then take the next step provided under the Act.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [88]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 Mr Nichol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9771222 as did not reply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6508835 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [89]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 The opposition to th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3430221 e budget to which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835  p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3430221 aragraph 1 referred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14425717  was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6508835 the debate on the Appropriation Bill which was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14425717 introduced on Friday}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4807641 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14425717  10 June and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 ultimately passed by the House on Friday, 17 June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2170887 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6508835 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [90]\tab}During th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3948149 
is hearing there was some doubt expressed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835  as to Mr Nicholas\rquote s actions in relation to the Appropriation Bill. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14425717 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [91]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14425717  From Hansard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6625133  t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6625133 e correct position is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835  that on 10 June the Minister of Finance delivered h
is budget speech in suppo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14425717 rt of the Appropriation Bill at the conclusion of which he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835  moved the second reading of the same. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13575271  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 The motion was seconded by Mr Nicholas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14425717 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13575271  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14425717  It}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835  passed unanimously and without debate.  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6508835 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [92]\tab}On the following Friday, 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14425717 
 June, the House resolved into the required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835  Committee of Supp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16598710 ly following which the House\rquote s consideration of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10627832  the Bill continued until the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835  division was called on a motion that Standing Orders be suspended to permit completion of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14425717 he debate on the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835  Bill by 1pm that day.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7149592 As noted, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 he Government was successful, 12-11, in the division.  Mr Nicholas\rquote 
 vote was not recorded.  The debate then continued clause by clause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16598710  with almost no Opposition input}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6625133 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13575271  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6625133\charrsid1924634 Objection from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6508835\charrsid1924634 Opposition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6625133  is recorded on the votes on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835  the first 16 of the 32 departmental or other appropriations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13575271  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6625133 
There is no opposition recorded on the remainder. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 At the conclusion, the Minister of Finance reported progress on the Bill to the Speaker and that it had been approved without amendment.  The Ministe
r then moved the third reading which was passed without opposition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3430221 being recorded or a division}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835  called for.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6508835 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [93]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11025038 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 
The reason for Mr Nicholas not being mentioned in the Hansard report of proceedings on the Appropriation Bill on 17 June was because his affidavit said he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid10369974 \'93
did not attend Parliament on any of the votes on the Appropriation Bill\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835  on that day.  That statement was not challenged and, in relation to the assertion in the 20 June letter that Mr Nicholas }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid10369974 \'93did not vote with or support the Opposition Democratic Members of Parliament in opposing the Budget\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6508835\charrsid8658607  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 Mr Nicholas made the point, correctly, that Hans}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6625133 ard contains no record of which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 Democr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6625133 
atic Party members }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3563945 were present }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15296204 at that juncture }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3563945 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6625133 opposed the b
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 udget}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7149592  votes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6625133 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13575271  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6625133 
There is also no record of how many Democ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3563945 ratic Members opposed it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6625133  or, given the lack of debate, how }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8658607 
their opposition was expressed.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [94]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 
Parliament was summoned to sit on Monday, 12 September}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15296204\charrsid4807641 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13321091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15296204\charrsid4807641 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 ut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15296204\charrsid4807641 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641  on 7 September}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15296204\charrsid4807641 ,}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641  Mr Heather wrote to the Speaker in the following terms:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-95\li851\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin851\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641  \'93
Pursuant to Section 105B(b) of the Electoral Amendment Act 2007 (\'93the Act\'94
), I, as Parliamentary Leader of the Democratic Party, hereby give written notice that the Honourable Albert Nicholas Jnr, Member of Parliament for Ruatonga, Avatiu, Palmerston, Panama and Atupa did fail to suppo
rt the Democratic Party Members of Parliament on an issue of confidence namely the provision of supply by way of appropriation for 2016-2017 when it was put to a vote in Parliament on Friday, 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\super\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641  June 2016.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li851\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin851\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 
This written notice is also signed by not less than two-thirds of the parliamentary members of the Democratic Party in accordance with Section 105C(a) of the Act.
\par A statement required by Section 105C(c) is attached to this written notice.  That statement complies with the requirements of Section 105D.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid11422402 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid3563945\charrsid4807641 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [95]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3563945\charrsid4807641 Mr Heather and a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 ll Applicants other tha}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7610356\charrsid4807641 n Mr Angene signed the letter. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8089043  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 
It seems to have been accompanied by a further letter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7610356\charrsid4807641 to the Speaker }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 of the same date, the relevant parts of which read:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-79\li708\ri380\sb360\sl276\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin380\lin708\itap0\pararsid8598732 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs21\insrsid15296204\charrsid4807641 \'93
NOTICE UNDER SECTION 105}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs21\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 D OF THE ELECTORAL AMENDMENT ACT 2007
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin709\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 
This statement is prepared in accordance with the requirement of Section 105C(c), and in full compliance with Section 105D of the Electoral Amendment Act 2007 (\'93the Act\'94
).  It is signed by me as Parliamentary Leader of the Democratic Party, and by not less than two-thirds of the parliamentary members of the Democratic Party.
\par The Honourable Albert Nicholas Jnr was nominated as a Democratic Party candidate, and subsequently elected at the 2014 elections as the Member for Ruatonga, Avatiu, Palmerston, Panama & Atupa (\'93RAPPA\'94
).  He was elected to Parliament as a Democratic Party member.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri522\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin522\lin709\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 \'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin709\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 
The said Member, Hon. Albert Nicholas Jnr, has failed upon a vote in Parliament on an issue of confidence, namely the provision of supply by way of appropriation for 2016-2017 
on 10 June 2016, to support the majority view of the Democratic Party Members of Parliament on that matter.
\par I confirm that I, as Parliamentary Leader of the Democratic Party, have delivered to Hon. Albert Nicholas Jnr, written notice dated 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\super\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641  June 2016 i
nforming the Member that I considered Section 105B(a) applies to him, and the reasons for that opinion and advising him that he had 7 working days from the date of receipt of the notice to respond to the matters raised in the notice by notice in writing a
ddressed to me.  A copy of the written notice I delivered to the Member is attached herewith as Attachment A.
\par No response has been received from the Member.
\par The parliamentary members of the Democratic Party have considered the conduct of the Member and his 
lack of reasons.  I confirm that not less than two-thirds of the parliamentary members of the Democratic Party have agreed that I should deliver notice to you under Section 105B(b) of the Act.\'94
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [96]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 That, too, was signed by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3563945\charrsid4807641 
Mr Heather and t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 he same eight Democratic Party MPs and had a copy of the 20 June letter attached to it.  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [97]\tab}Mr Heather again wrote to the Speaker on 7 September \endash 
 it would appear after taking legal advice \endash  and, after rehearsing the delivery of the various notices sent to the Speaker that day the letter continued:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-95\li851\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin851\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 \'93
The delivery of this notice has not been taken lightly but has been made after careful and deliberate consideration, including for the following reasons:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-357\li1797\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\tx709\jclisttab\tx1797\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls15\ilvl4\adjustright\rin521\lin1797\itap0\pararsid13321091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 
The legislation that provides for this solemn process, the Electoral Amendment 
Act 2007, was promoted by Government and supported by Members of Parliament as a means to put an end to members crossing the floor and moving from party to party.  As Minister Tangata Vavia, Minister responsible for the Bill said when introducing it to Pa
rliament on Friday, 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\super\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 
 April 2007, this sort of behaviour was causing a lot of headache for our people over the years, and his Government wanted a law that would stop party hopping as requested or asked for by the people of this country.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}In addition, the 
Act was passed in accordance with Article 41 of the Constitution, requiring the support of not less than two-thirds of the Members of Parliament, and having an interval of not less than 90 days between the second and third readings.  This indicates its pa
ramount importance.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}
Honourable Albert Nicholas Jnr was a Democratic Party candidate at the 2014 elections, and was elected to Parliament as a Democratic Party Member.  He was sworn in as Minister of the current Government on 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\super\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641  March 2015.  Honourable Albert Nicholas Jnr\rquote 
s status as a Democratic Party Member of Parliament took effect from when he was elected in 2014 and it remains and continues under Sections 105A and 105B(a) of the Act.  The Act clearly defines his status as a Democratic Party member as t
hat was the political party appearing as required under section 45(7) of the Electoral Act 2004 against his name in the nomination paper nominating him as a candidate at his or her election.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li1440\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 
In all of the circumstances set out above, and in order to protec
t the honour and integrity of Parliament and Parliamentary Members as well as uphold the declared and inherent intent of the legislation against party hopping, I and my colleagues are therefore duty bound to give you the necessary notice and accompanying 
statement.
\par As a consequence of the delivery of the required notice to you, the seat of Ruatonga, Avatiu, Palmerston, Panama & Atupa has become vacant by operation of law under s 105B and s 9(1)(o) of the Act.  The delivery of a notice under s 105B(b) is in 
itself sufficient and complete evidence of the satisfaction of the requirement of s 105B(a) of the Act.
\par You are now obliged under s 9(4) of the Act to declare in writing that the seat has become vacant and the cause thereof, and forthwith notify the Chief Electoral Officer and cause that declaration to be published in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 Cook Islands Gazette}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 .
\par The seat having come vacant more than six months before the expiration of the then present term of Parliament, the Chief Electoral Officer must appoint a date for a by-election to fill the vacancy.
\par We look forward to seeing the declaration required by law being provided and the publishing of that declaration in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 Cook Islands Gazette}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641  by the Chief Electoral Officer.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [98]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2170887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 The Speaker replied on 14 September:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-28\li709\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin709\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 Re:  Request for Speaker to declare the RAPPA seat vacant Under Section 105B of the Electoral Amendment Act 2007
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin709\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 Thank you for your letter of the 7
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\super\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641  September 2016 delivered on that date.  You describe it as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 notice under section 105D of the Electoral (sic) Amendment Act 2007 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 (referred to below as \'93Electoral Act 2004 part 9A\'94 or \'93the Act\'94
) to Hon Member Albert Nicholas (\'93Mr Nicholas\'94).  You say his seat has become vacant.
\par For the reasons stated below, and on assessing the reasons set out in your letter to Mr Nicholas dated 20 June 2016 (Act s 105D(a)(i)); and on its being common knowledge that Mr Nicholas was not present in Parliament when the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 no confidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 Appropriation Bill was put to the vote; I do not find that you had reason to state that he,
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 \tab \'93
...upon a vote in Parliament on an issue of confidence, the member fails to support the majority..\'94 (Act s 105B(a)).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin709\itap0\pararsid6508835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 
It follows that I cannot find the RAPPA seat to be vacant.
\par I accept that the statement was prepared in accordance with the form requirement of the s 105C(c), and
 s 105D, of the Act 2007.  The letter was signed by you as the Leader and not less than two thirds of the parliamentary members of the Democratic Party.  The statement outlines the history Mr Nicholas\rquote 
 becoming a Member of Parliament for the RAPPA seat.
\par Ho
wever, your statement claims that Mr Nicholas failed upon a vote in Parliament on an issue of confidence, namely the provision of supply by way of appropriation for 2016-2017 on 10 June 2016, to support the majority view of the Democratic Party Members of
 Parliament on that matter.
\par But, Mr Nicholas was not present in the Chamber at the time that the question was put on the Appropriation Bill 2016-2017 for the \'93vote in Parliament.\'94  Mr Nicholas clearly had not failed \'93upon a vote in Parliament\'94 (s105B(a)), 
on an issue of confidence, to support the majority view of the Democratic Party Members of Parliament because he was not in the Chamber.
\par Some doubt was expressed by Justice Williams in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 N George v Attorney-General, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 OA No}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid13321091 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641  1/13, August 2013 at [77] to [80] as to the meaning of \lquote fails to support\rquote 
 in respect to an absent member; I view its meaning as above.  And it must be common ground that there have been a number of \lquote fails to support\rquote  by an absent member on a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 
no confidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641  vote and no party leader has suggested that there was reason to find that s 105B applied (for examples: Mr George and Mr Nicholas).
\par I have been influenced in the conduct of this particular business of Parliament, that requires a close reading of the Act, by this historic conduct of politica
l parties; and I expect Members to have also been impressed by this pattern of conduct by the political parties.  My reading of the Act is also influenced by the significant affect the Act can have on Constitution of the Cook Islands, Article 64 fundament
al rights and freedom; and the Article 65(1) duty to construe legislation so that it will have the least abridgment of those rights.
\par I note that you delivered a letter to the Hon Albert Nicholas on the 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\super\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 
 June.  I have been shown no proof that it was deli
vered to him.  But I am proceeding with this determination without that proof because the result would be the same if there were such proof.  That letter indicated 7 days to respond and you did not take action on the issue until 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\super\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641  September 2016 when you
 delivered the letter to Parliament.  You waited to proceed until the notice of the Parliament sitting was set on 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\super\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 
 August 2016 for commencement on 12 September 2016.  In the meantime, you left Mr Nicholas to continue with his Parliamentary role as a Member of the Purse Seine Committee as well as his Ministerial and constituency responsibilities.  It has taken you fro
m June to September to take action and I consider now, when the Speaker has been preparing for and chairing Parliament, delivering such a letter is disruptive of the crucial business of the House.
\par I also record that on the first day of this Parliament sitting, 12 September 2016, no opposition Members attended which is profoundly disrespectful of the essential business of Parliament.  This left 12 members which meets the quorum threshold.
\par As part of your Act s 105B (b) statement to me at (a), you record how vital the legislation is, \'93
.. to put an end to members crossing the floor and moving from party to party ... causing a lot of headache for our people ...  Government wanted a law that would stop party hopping ... .\'94  However on 5 September 2016 I was inform
ed in writing by a letter co-signed by Hon Tamaiva Tuavera, \lquote Deputy Parliamentary Opposition Leader,\rquote  that the new \lquote Parliamentary Opposition Leader\rquote 
 shall be Member Rose T Brown, (Deputy Speaker), who was elected by way of CIP (government) party nomination.  This appointment however is described as that of \'93the joint Coalition Caucus decision dated 21 July 2016.\'94
  You are a member, it seems, of that coalition and approve this event of party hopping.
\par This development calls into question the commitment you ex
press towards the principle of party integrity.  Furthermore, on another appropriate occasion I may need to consider whether there remains in Parliament, as once seemed apparent after the general election, the same two recognisable political parties in op
position.  If they are one entity can there also be separate parliamentary leaders capable of signing the s 105B notice and the s 105D statement?
\par It is my decision therefore that the seat of RAPPA seat has not become vacant.\'94
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [99]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14240685 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 These proceedings were launched on 12 Septe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3563945\charrsid4807641 mber.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7149592\charrsid2170887 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132674}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145721}Quorum{\*\bkmkend _Toc476132674}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145721}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid8658607 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [100]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6508835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8658607 Dealing with}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3563945  quorum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8658607  in a more detailed way than previously}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3563945 , o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 
n 25 August the Arutanga-Reureu-Nikaupara seat, which was held by an Opposition Member, was vacated by operation of law under section 9(h) of the Electoral Act 2004 when 
its MP was convicted of a corrupt practice punishable by imprisonment for a term of one year or more}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4807641 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid6508835 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2828929 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid13126287 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid13126287  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid13126287 
An appeal against conviction was dismissed by the Court of Appeal on 6 December. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid13126287 An Appeal against sentence was allowed and the sentence reduced }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4807641   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 Until the resultant }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 by-election was held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid6508835\charrsid4807641 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2828929 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid13126287 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid13126287  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid13126287 After 13 September 2016}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835  the numbers in the House were therefore reduced to 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15296204 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835  and to 22 if, on receipt of the notices of 7 September,
 Mr Nicholas\rquote s tenure of the RAPPA seat was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2564027 automatically }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 
terminated and the seat vacated by force of law under Part 9A.  Parliament needs a vote by a majority of its members present to pass legislation and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10627832 , as noted, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 
the Opposition boycotted the House by non-attendance on 12 and 13 September.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8089043\charrsid2170887 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132675}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145722}Submissions{\*\bkmkend _Toc476132675}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145722}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid15296204 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [101]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8089043 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15296204 
The Applicants contend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835  that if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3563945 they were correct and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 Mr Nicholas\rquote 
s tenure of the RAPPA seat was terminated by force of law under Part 9A on 7 September, Parliament must have been inquorate on 12 and 13 September because the Opposition\rquote 
s boycott meant Parliament could not have the necessary majority of its members }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3563945 present }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 in order to transact business.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15149743 By contrast, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 hey accepted, however, that if Mr Nicholas re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3563945 mained the Member }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 
for the RAPPA seat on 12 and 13 September, their claims for declarations in relation to the Parliamentary proceedings on those days must fail}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid6508835 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2828929 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid13126287 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid13126287  Art 34(2) provides that subject to Arts 41 and 34(3) - neither presently relevant - \'93
every question before Parliament shall be decided by a majority of the votes of the members present\'94, a provision which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922 is mirrored in Standing Order SO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid13126287  141 Those provisions fit within Art 34(4) which provides that \'93no business shall be transacted at any sitting of Parliament if the number of members present \'85
 is less than 12\'94 and SO 55 which provides that \'93a quorum of Parlia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922 ment \'85 shall be 12 members\'94. }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508835 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6626645 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6626645 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [102]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6626645 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6626645 
Mr Hikaka, leading counsel for the Applicants, submitted that the fact that Mr Nicholas did not vote with the Democratic Party in opposition
 to the Appropriation Bill satisfied the requirements of the Act, the remaining procedural requirements of Part 9A were complied with and the Speaker had, in terms of the statute, no discretion or decision-making role in deciding whether the RAPPA seat wa
s vacated: it was automatically vacated on the receipt of the notice.  He submitted the Speaker\rquote s role was mechanical rather than deliberative, drawing on the peremptory phrase }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6626645\charrsid13321091 
shall become vacant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6626645  in s 105B.  Any deliberative aspect of the process was, he submitted, only that of the Parliamentary leader of the party concerned. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4807641  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6626645 That last aspect of the process, was, he acknowledged, judicially reviewable. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13321091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6626645 
This was the line of action taken in similar New Zealand litigation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13321091 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid6626645 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6626645 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 Awatere-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 Huata v Prebble}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132  [2004] 3NZLR 359 (HC); 382 (CA) and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 Awatere-Huata v Prebble}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 
 [2005] 1NZLR 289(SC) which, on Appeal, was an application for an Order prohibiting the Parliamentary leadership of a political party from delivering the requisite notice to the Speaker }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6626645 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid6626645 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [103]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6626645 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6626645 As to the 12-13 September Parliamentary proceedings, Mr Hikaka submitted the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1319424 evidence showed the requisite number of M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1204134 embers could}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6626645  not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1204134 have been }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6626645 present at any time on those days, the absentees b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6626645\charrsid395714 eing the 10 Applicants and Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7149592 s Rose Toki Brown.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6626645\charrsid395714   Because the Arutanga-Reureu-Nikaupara seat had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8591136  earlier }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6626645\charrsid395714 bee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6626645 n vacated and, in the Applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6626645\charrsid395714 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6626645 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6626645\charrsid395714 
 submissions, the RAPPA seat had been vacated on 7 September, Mr Hikaka submitted there could never have been more than 11 members present on 12-13 September. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13321091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6626645\charrsid395714 Parliament was thus unable to transact b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3169073 usiness pursuant to Art 34(4).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1319424 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid221529 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [104]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11025038 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid221529 For the Respondent, the Solicitor-General\rquote 
s submissions focused on the Speaker having a deliberative role in the Part 9A process, including the ability to take account of delay on the part of Mr Heather and the Democratic Party between their lett}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1319424 
ers of 20 June and 7 September}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8591136 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8591136\charrsid2170887 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132676}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145723}Constitutionality of the 2007 Amendment{\*\bkmkend _Toc476132676}
{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145723}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid4980894 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [105]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11025038 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4980894  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13115412 In the counterclaim summarised above, the Attorney-General sought a declaration that the 2007 Amendment was unconstitutional. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13575271  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13115412 It is unprecedented in our experience for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12715253 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13115412 enior Law Officer of the Crown }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12715253 and a member of 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1204134 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12715253 Government }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1204134 to challenge the constitutionality}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13115412 
 of a statute, but, the matter having been raised, it is the first aspect of this part of the case which must be addressed since, if the 2007 Amendment is ruled unconstitutional and there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1319424 fore invalid, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3489910 there was no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8591136 legal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3489910 basis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13115412  for th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12715253 e Applicants to move against Mr Nicholas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13115412  under Part 9A and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12715253 
ir application for a declaration that his seat was automatically vacated by the notices they gave must be dismissed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2564027 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid2564027\charrsid2564027 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [106]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2564027 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2564027\charrsid2564027  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6053877 To set the background against which the constitutiona}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7149592 lity of the 2007 Amendment is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6053877  to be assessed it is appropriate, despite its length}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8591136 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6053877  to recount almost the whole of Part 9A.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [107]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 
After saying it was passed in accordance with Art 41(1) of the Constitution of the Cook Islands \endash  a point to which it will be necessary to revert \endash  the 2007 Amendment reads:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li644\ri0\sb360\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin644\itap0\pararsid2564027 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 105A. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 Definitions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 : - for the purposes of this Part, unless the context otherwise requires -
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-632\li1276\ri543\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1276\itap0\pararsid2564027 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 \'93issue of confidence\'94 means -
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1276\ri543\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1276\itap0\pararsid2564027 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 (a)\tab 
an expression of no confidence in Cabinet under Article 14(3)(b) of the Constitution;
\par (b)\tab an issue which the Prime Minister has declared to be an issue of confidence under Article 14(3)(b) of the Constitution;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li1276\ri543\sa240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1276\itap0\pararsid2564027 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 (c)\tab 
the provision of supply by way of appropriation;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-632\li1276\ri543\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1276\itap0\pararsid2564027 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 \'93parliamentary leader\'94
, in relation to a political party, means -
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\qj \fi-567\li1276\ri543\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1797\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\ilvl4\adjustright\rin543\lin1276\itap0\pararsid2564027\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 the member recognised for the time being as the parliamentary leader of the political party by the majority of parliamentary members of that political party; or
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s31 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf1\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}the member for the time being acting as the parliamentar
y leader of that political party;
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri543\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin0\itap0\pararsid2564027 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri543\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin720\itap0\pararsid2564027 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 \'93
political party for which the member of Parliament was elected\'94 means the political party appearing as required by section 45(7), against the name of the member in the nomination paper nominating the member as a candidate at his or her election;
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri543\sb240\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin720\itap0\pararsid2564027 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 \'93Speaker\'94
 includes the Deputy Speaker, or if the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker are absent from the Cook Islands or if the member who is the subject of a notice under section 105B(b) is the Speaker or Deputy Speaker, the Clerk of Parliament.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid2564027  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 105B. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 Consequence of member ceasing to support political party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641  - The seat of a member, other than a member elected as independent, shall become vacant if -
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-316\li1036\ri543\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1036\itap0\pararsid2564027 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 
(a) upon a vote in Parliament on an issue of confidence, the member fails to support the majority of the parliamentary members of the political party for which the member was elected; and
\par (b) the parliamentary leader of that political party delivers to the Speaker a written notice that complies with section 105C.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri543\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin720\itap0\pararsid2564027 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 
\par 105C. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 Notice from parliamentary leader of party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 
 - A written notice under section 105B(b) must -
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-316\li1036\ri543\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1036\itap0\pararsid2564027 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 
(a) be signed by the parliamentary leader of the political party for which the member who is the subject of the notice was elected and by not less than two-thirds of the parliamentary members (inclusive of the leader) of that political party; and
\par (b) be addressed to the Speaker; and
\par (c) be accompanied by a statement that complies with section 105D.
\par 
\par 105D. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 Form of statement to be made by parliamentary leader}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641  - The statement referred to in 
section 105C(c) must be in writing and signed by the parliamentary leader concerned and by not less than two-thirds of the parliamentary members of that political party, and must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid8591136 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 (a) state that the member concerned has failed upon a vote in Parliament on a
n issue of confidence, to support the majority view of the parliamentary members of the political party for which the member was elected and that the parliamentary leader has delivered to the member concerned, written notice -
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-382\li1418\ri543\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1418\itap0\pararsid2564027 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 
(i)  informing the member that the parliamentary leader considers that section 105B(a) applies to the member and the reasons for that opinion; and
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-382\li1418\ri543\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1418\itap0\pararsid8591136 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 
(ii)  advising the member that he or she has 7 working days from the date of receiving the notice to respond to the matters raised in the notice by notice in writing addressed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid8591136 
 to the parliamentary leader; an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid4807641 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid8591136 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\qj \li1080\ri543\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1080\itap0\pararsid16194798\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid10627832 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid10627832 
state that, after consideration of the conduct of the member and his or her response (if any) by the parliamentary members of the political party for which the member was elected, th
e parliamentary leader of that party confirms that not less than two-thirds of the parliamentary members (inclusive of the leader) of the party have agreed that notice should be given by the parliament}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid8591136\charrsid10627832 ary leader under section 105B(b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid2564027\charrsid10627832 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid16194798 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs22\cf1\insrsid6967922 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid8089043\charrsid8089043 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [108]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6967922 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8089043\charrsid8089043 
The task of considering the constitutionality of the 2007 Amendment has been greatly eased by two factors.  The first is that, as at mid-2013, the constitutionality of Part 9A  as seen through its reach, effect and text were fully considered in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8089043\charrsid16194798 George v A-G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\i\super\insrsid8089043 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8089043 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid3169073 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid3169073  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid3169073 [2013] CKHC 65}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8089043\charrsid8089043  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10369974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8089043\charrsid8089043 
and we largely adopt the analysis of Part 9A set out in that case.  The second is that the correct approach to challenges to constitutionality has recently been authoritatively restated in the decision of the Privy Council in a Cook Islands case: }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8089043\charrsid16194798 Arorangi Timberland Limited & Others v Minister of the Cook Islands Superannuation Fund}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\i\super\insrsid8089043 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8089043 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid3169073 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid3169073  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid3169073 
[2016] UKPC 32. Judgment 17 November 2016}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8089043\charrsid8089043 .  The recency and binding authority of the latter decision makes it unnecessary to deal with other authorities on the topic cited by counsel.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf1\insrsid8089043\charrsid16194798 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid8089043\charrsid2828929 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [109]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8089043 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8089043\charrsid2828929 Arorangi Timberland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8089043\charrsid8089043 
, was a case challenging the constitutionality of the Cook Islands\rquote 
 National Superannuation Act 2000 on the grounds it involved a taking or deprivation of property or was unjustifiably discriminatory.  The decision of their Lordships particularly focused on whether c
ompulsory extraction of superannuation contributions from employees\rquote  wages \endash  including those of migrant workers \endash  represented deprivation of those contributions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8089043 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid8089043\charrsid2520509 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8089043 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940 Arorangi Timberland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940  at [25]}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8089043 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid7277539 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [110]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7277539 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7277539 The Privy Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7277539\charrsid2520509 
 first agreed with the Court of Appeal that it was a principle of constitutionality that a Court should if possible interpret a statute so as not to conflict with constitutional limitations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\super\insrsid7277539\charrsid2520509 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7277539 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940 Arorangi Timberland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940  at [29]-[30] and Article 65 of the Constitution }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7277539\charrsid2520509  and went on to observe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid7277539\charrsid2520509 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7277539 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940 Arorangi Timberland}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940  at [31]-[32]}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7277539\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10369974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7277539\charrsid10369974 \'93...save perhaps in extreme circumstances, a statute should be presumed to be constitutional until it is shown to be o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15149743\charrsid10369974 therwise, that ... the burden is}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7277539\charrsid10369974  on the party alleging that a statute is unconstitutional, and that any Court should be circumspect before deciding that a statute is unconstitutional.\'94, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10369974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7277539\charrsid10369974 noting that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10369974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7277539\charrsid10369974 \'93
in so far as the issue of constitutionality turns (as here) on proportionality the second limb of the presumption normally adds nothing to the ingredients of the proportionality exercise.\'94
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid7277539\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [111]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7277539\charrsid2520509 
The Privy Council then held that the test of pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15149743 oportionality is as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7277539\charrsid2520509  set out in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7277539\charrsid2828929 
Bank Mellat v H M Treasury (No 2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid7277539\charrsid2520509 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7277539 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940 2014 [AC 700] }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7277539\charrsid2520509  where it was held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid7277539\charrsid2520509 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7277539 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940 Arorangi Timberland}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940  at [36]-[37]}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7277539\charrsid2520509 , focusing on the macro-economic implications of the scheme with which it was concerned, that:

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin709\itap0\pararsid7277539 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7277539\charrsid2520509 36. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7277539   \'85an issue of proportionality:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li1440\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1581638 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7277539\charrsid2520509 \'93
depends on an exacting analysis of the factual case advanced in defence of the measure, in order to determine (i) whether its objective is sufficiently important to justify the limitation of a fundamental right: (ii) whether it is rationally connected to 
the objective; (iii) whether a less intrusive measure could have been used: and (iv) whether, having regard to these matters and to the severity of the consequences, a fair balance has been struck between the rights of the individual and the interests of 
the community.  These four requirements are logically}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1581638\charrsid1581638  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1581638\charrsid2520509 
separate, but in practice they inevitably overlap because the same facts are likely to be relevant to more than one of them.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin709\itap0\pararsid1581638 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7538379 37.\tab As Lord Ree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1581638\charrsid2520509 d said in para 69 of his judgment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid1581638\charrsid2520509 Bank Mellat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1581638\charrsid2520509 , \'93
the intensity [of a proportionality review] \endash  that is to say, the degree of weight or respect given to the assessment of the primary decision-maker \endash  depends on the context\'94
.  Thus, the intensity of the review which the Court carries out in a proportionality exercise depends on a number of factors, including in particular the right involved, the nature of the issue and the identity of the decision maker.
\par 38.\tab \'85 When it comes to policy choices of a social and macro-economic nature, the courts should be particularly diff
ident about interfering, given the nature of the functions, expertise and experience of the judiciary as against the executive or (as in this case) the legislature \'85
\par 39.\tab So far as the decision-maker is concerned, in this case it was Parliament.  The legisl
ature is entitled to a wider margin of judgment than the executive.  Unlike a person exercising delegated powers, the legislature has a wider range of options open to it, and, as a result of being elected it, enjoys democratic legitimacy and has direct de
mocratic accountability.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid1581638 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [112]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1581638 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1581638 Their Lordships}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1581638\charrsid2520509 
 agreed that the relief of poverty and the rational connection between the Act and the Trust Deed supporting it were aspects of the proportionality test which were satisfied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid1581638\charrsid2520509 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1581638 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid618902 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid618902  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid2520509 
Arorangi Timberland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid618902  at [42]}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1581638\charrsid2520509  and turned to the lack of a Government gua
rantee, accepting that a guarantee entrenched constitutionally would have been less intrusive than the method chosen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7149592 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1581638\charrsid2520509  but observing}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid1581638\charrsid2520509 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1581638 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid618902 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid618902  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid2520509 Arorangi Timberland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid618902  at [44]}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1581638\charrsid2520509 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin709\itap0\pararsid1581638 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1581638\charrsid2520509 44.\tab \'85
when it comes to the third stage in the propo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid7538379 rtionality analysis, as Lord Ree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1581638\charrsid2520509 d explained in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs22\insrsid1581638\charrsid2520509 Bank Mellat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1581638\charrsid2520509 , para 75:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li1440\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1581638 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1581638\charrsid2520509 \'93th
e limitation of the protected right must be one that \lquote it was reasonable for the legislature to impose\rquote  and that the courts [are] \lquote 
not called on to substitute judicial opinions for legislative ones as to the place at which to draw a precise line\rquote .  This approach is unavoidable, if there is to be any real prospect of a limitation on rights being justified; \'85
a judge would be unimaginative indeed if he could not come up with something a little less drastic or a little less restrictive in almost any situation, and thereby enable himself to vote to strike legislation down}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid1581638\charrsid1581638  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1581638\charrsid2520509 especially, \'85if he is unaware of the relevant practicalities and indifferent to considerations of cost.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1581638\charrsid2520509 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid1581638 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [113]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5243245 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1581638 The Privy Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1581638\charrsid2520509 
 then turned to the fourth test - whether a fair balance had been struck between the legislation and the fundamental rights - holding that, in the circumstances: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5243245 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin709\itap0\pararsid5243245 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5243245\charrsid2520509 54.\tab \'85
It appears to the Board that it would require an exceptional case before a court could properly hold that a legislative decision on such an issue could be reject
ed as being disproportionate.  Self-evidently, it is very difficult for a judge, who has relatively limited relevant experience and appreciation of the competing demands on the nation\rquote 
s finances, to decide that the conclusion which the legislature reached on such a macro-economic, policy-based issue was unreasonable or disproportionate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5243245 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid5243245\charrsid5243245 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [114]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5243245 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5243245\charrsid5243245 
The majority of the Privy Council then held  that the absence of a guarantee, entrenchment or right of early withdrawal from the Cook Islands\rquote  Superannuation Scheme did not 
render the Act setting it up unconstitutional but went on to hold that the scheme\rquote s treatment of migrant workers was unjustifiably discriminatory.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5243245 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid5243245\charrsid5243245 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [115]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5243245\charrsid5243245  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5243245\charrsid2828929 George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5243245\charrsid5243245  was referenced in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5243245\charrsid2828929 Arorangi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5243245\charrsid5243245   and we note that, in considering constitutionality, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5243245\charrsid2828929 George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\i\super\insrsid5243245\charrsid5243245 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5243245 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid5243245 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid5243245  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid5243245 
Case references in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid5243245 George}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14704873  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5243245\charrsid5243245 summarised 
the approach:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1581638\charrsid5243245 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin709\itap0\pararsid1336376 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1336376\charrsid2520509 [86]\tab 
The authorities demonstrate that what generically needs to be taken into account in deciding on constitutionality is:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1336376\charrsid2520509 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid1336376\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-550\li1968\ri522\sb240\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1968\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\ilvl1\adjustright\rin522\lin1968\itap0\pararsid1336376 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1336376\charrsid2520509 
Constitutions, and statutory amendments which comply with the procedures required to amend the Constitution, must be construed in the light of their subject matter and the surrounding circumstances with reference to which they are made.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid1336376\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-567\li1985\ri522\sb240\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1968\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\ilvl1\adjustright\rin522\lin1985\itap0\pararsid1336376 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1336376\charrsid2520509 
the substance of the challenged law must be considered, not the form, label or title given to it, so the challenged legislation must first be interpreted against Parliament\rquote s plenipotentiary power
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid1336376\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}
there is a rebuttable presumption that Parliament has acted constitutionally in enacting the challenged legislation, with the presumption being rebutted if a Court is satisfied no reasonable MP c
ould suppose the provisions were reasonably required for the peace, order and good government of the Cook Islands or that the measure was enacted for the constitutional purposes it describes.  The test becomes: \'93
is the object constitutionally legitimate and do the means adopted bear a reasonable relation to it?\'94
  The question is whether the challenged legislation amounts to reasonable regulation of freedom of speech and expression which remains compatible with an open and democratic society}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1336376\charrsid1336376  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1336376 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid1336376\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1336376\charrsid2520509 
Courts should recognise that Parliament is the principal arbiter of what is required \'93in the interests of public safety order or morals, the general welfare or security of the Cook Islands\'94
 and should be most cautious about approving measures which trench across those \'93fundamental\'94 rights and freedoms. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-714\li714\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin714\itap0\pararsid5243245 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid5243245 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid1336376\charrsid2520509 [87]\tab With more specific reference to the 2007 Amendment the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid1336376\charrsid2828929 Clarke v Karika}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid1336376\charrsid2520509  set out the correct approach to construing the constitutionality of legislation argued as infringing the fundamental human rights and freedoms.  They are \'93truly\'94
 fundamental and, so far as subsequent legislation is concerned they are a \'93statutory declaration of fundamental human rights and freedoms [and not] little more than a rule for the construction of statutes\'94 especially whe
n made in accordance with the constitutional amendment procedures}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\fs20\super\insrsid1336376\charrsid2520509 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1336376 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid7699940 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1336376\charrsid2520509 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri521\sb360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin709\itap0\pararsid16515499 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1336376\charrsid2520509 [88]\tab 
The 2007 Amendment being an anti-defection statute, it is to be construed with the observations in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid1336376\charrsid2828929 UDM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1336376\charrsid2520509  and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid1336376\charrsid2828929 Awatere Huata}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid1336376\charrsid2520509  in mind.  Acts dealing with non-defection are not per se uncon
stitutional or undemocratic because MPs remain able to vote in accordance with their personal conscience.  Such legislation fulfils legitimate aims of discouraging defection or enticements to defection and enabling Governments to function.  However, MPs w
ho defect and political parties which set the defection provisions in operation need to recognise both the political risk and voters\rquote  reactions in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1336376\charrsid2520509  deciding whether to take action.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16515499 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid16515499 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [116]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5243245 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16515499  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958577 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5187376 his Court is }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958577 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5187376 content to largely follow the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5187376\charrsid2828929 George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid16515499\charrsid5243245  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5187376 analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16515499  of the approach to anti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5137815 -de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15149743 fection legislation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16194798 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15149743  such as the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958577  2007 Amendment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16194798 
,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958577  when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16515499  it affects Constitutional rights and freedoms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958577 .  That}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5187376  shows:
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5187376\charrsid16515499 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid3169073 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-708\li1417\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1417\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1417\itap0\pararsid3169073 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3169073 
The correct approach to interpreting written Constitutions containing Bills of Rights appears in the Privy Council decisions in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3169073\charrsid2828929 Hinds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3169073\charrsid2828929  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3169073\charrsid2828929 v The Queen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid3169073 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3169073 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132  [1976] 1 All ER 353, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 Hinds & others v The Queen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 Director of Public Prosecutions v Jackson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 Attorney General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 of Jamaica}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132  (intervener); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132  [32]ff}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3169073 , and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3169073\charrsid2828929 Attorney General of Trinidad & Tobago v McLeod}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid3169073 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3169073 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 PC Appeal 
24/1982, 11 January 1984, [1985] LRC (Const) 81}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3169073  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3169073\charrsid9790037 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3169073 
 the decision of the Constitutional Court of South Africa in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3169073\charrsid2828929 United Democratic Movement v The President of the Republic of South Africa & Others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\super\insrsid3169073 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3169073 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 Case CCT 23/02, 4 October 2002, [2003] 4LRC 98]; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132  [32]-[41]}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3169073\charrsid5187376  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3169073 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid3169073 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}The approach to anti-defection legislation is that set out in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3169073\charrsid2828929 McLeod}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3169073  and in the New Zealand Court Appeal and Supreme Court\rquote s decisions on the Electoral (Integrity) Amendment Act 2001 (NZ) in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3169073\charrsid2828929 Awatere-Huata}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3169073  litigation
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid3169073 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-708\li1417\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1417\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1417\itap0\pararsid16515499 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3169073 The correct approach in considering 
the impact of domestic legislation on the fundamental human rights and freedoms in Part 4 IV A of the Constitution is as appears in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3169073\charrsid2828929 Clarke v Karika}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16515499 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid16515499 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [117]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5243245 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16515499  Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3169073 e salient}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16515499  factors }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958577 of Part 9A as identified in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3958577\charrsid5243245 George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\i\super\insrsid3958577 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid5243245 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid5243245  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid5243245 George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid5243245  at [58],[68]ff}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1534144  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16515499 affecting the reach}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3169073  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5137815 and effect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3169073 of the text of the 2007 Amendment are:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid10960619 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1968\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid10960619 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10960619 That it was passed by use of the special procedure for Constitutional}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5243245  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10960619  amendment in Art 41, presumably as a result of concerns about the impact of Part 9A on the fundamental rights and freedoms in Part IV A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3499008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10960619 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid10960619 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}
That, over time, the pre-eminence of political parties has risen while that of Members has fallen, at least in jurisdictions other than the Cook Islands. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3169073  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10960619 
It may b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2058075 e doubtful the same applies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid10960619 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2520509 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132 George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid1795132  at [59]-[67]}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10960619  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2058075 in the small, island-based constituencies of the Cook Islands, s
everal with electoral rolls of under 100 voters.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10960619 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid10960619 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}
The 2007 Amendment contains no statement of its purposes or objectives though the Hansard of the day suggests it was passed to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2058075 quell widespread disquiet at MP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10960619 
s defecting from the parties for which they were elected}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2520509 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10960619 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid3489910 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3489910 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10960619 he issue in relation to the 2007 Amendment is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13321091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10960619\charrsid3169073 
whether the reduction in dissent it effects and the consequent easing of the passage of votes on issues of confidence amounts to reasonable regulation of dissent which remains compatible with an open and democratic society}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3499008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10960619 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid10960619 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 e)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1968\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid2058075 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10960619 
That if Members act so the parliamentary party for which they were elected has the discretion to implement the Part 9A procedure against them, there is no time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10960619\charrsid1795132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10960619 limit, other than the balance of the parliamentary term, for the party to take that action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10960619 
 It can be held over the head of the defecting Member for the rest of the term}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10960619   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2058075 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid10960619 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 f)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10960619 The effect of a Member\rquote 
s party taking effective action under Part 9A may be seen as draconian \endash  the vacation of the Member\rquote s seat \endash  though there is nothing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2058075 
to stop the Member standing in the subsequent by-election}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2058075 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid2058075 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 g)\tab}
What can amount to a Member failing to support his or her party on a vote on an issue of confidence is unclear, particularly whether it extends to abstention from voting on an issue of confidence and whether it extends to contrary views expressed by the }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1319424 Member other than in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2058075  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14374090 casting of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2058075 
particular vote in Parliament}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2058075 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid2058075 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 h)\tab}The right to initiate the expulsion procedure in Part 9A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1319424 can arise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2058075  from no more than a single failure to support the Member\rquote s original party on a vote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14374090 on an issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2058075 of confidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2058075 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid2058075 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 i)\tab}The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2058075\charrsid13321091 reasons}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2058075  for the Parliamentary leader\rquote s opinion that the Member has failed to support the majority of the party on the issue of c
onfidence can go well beyond the matters in issue on the dissenting vote.  It expressly includes the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2058075\charrsid13321091 conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2058075  of the Member. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3169073  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2058075 The party\rquote s consideration of the matter may not need to comply with the rules of natural justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2058075 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid14374090 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 j)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1968\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid3489910 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14374090 That it would appear that once th
e Speaker receives a notice or statement complying with s 105C the Speaker is given no discretion but is obliged to declare the seat of the dissenting Member automatically vacated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3489910 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid5926232\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [118]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5926232 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5926232\charrsid2520509 We turn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1182414\charrsid2520509 , with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5926232\charrsid2520509  that analysis of authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1182414\charrsid2520509  in mind, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5926232\charrsid2520509 to consider whether the Respondent has}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1182414\charrsid2520509  rebutted the presumption that Parliament acted constitutionally in enacting the 2007 Amendment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1182414\charrsid2520509 Could no reasonable MP conclude its provisions were required for the peace, order and good government of the Cook Islands? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1182414\charrsid2520509 Was the object of the 2007 Amendment constitutionally legitimate and do its provisions bear a reasonable relationship to it? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1182414\charrsid2520509 Does Part 9A meet the tests for proportionality}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7423136  and other criteria }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1182414\charrsid2520509 set out in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid1182414\charrsid2828929 Bank Mellat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1182414\charrsid2520509  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1182414\charrsid2828929 Arorangi Timberland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11813987\charrsid2520509 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5926232\charrsid2520509 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid16515499 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [119]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16515499 In considering the objective of Part 9A t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11813987\charrsid2520509 he underlying constant in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11813987\charrsid2520509 exacting analysis of the factual case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11813987\charrsid2520509  must be that Parliament in 2007 plainly regarded defection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11411859\charrsid2520509 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11813987\charrsid2520509 
 by MPs as sufficiently prevalent and disruptive of both the electoral process and the capacity of the Government of the day to govern as to require discouragement of the practice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11691490 and reduction of Member}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1326537 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11691490 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1326537  fundamental rights }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11813987\charrsid2520509 by infliction of on}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11411859\charrsid2520509 e of the most significant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16070072\charrsid2520509  possible political sanctions for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11411859\charrsid2520509 
 Parliamentarians}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16070072\charrsid2520509 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11411859\charrsid2520509  eviction from Parliament, even if, possibly, temporary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11813987\charrsid2520509 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid11411859\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [120]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11411859\charrsid2520509 
Not only does eviction from Parliament loom as a possibility for defecti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15794761\charrsid2520509 on, a further aspect of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11411859\charrsid2520509 the terms of the 2007 Amendment
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5912218\charrsid2520509  is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15794761\charrsid2520509  that it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11411859\charrsid2520509  crimp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15794761\charrsid2520509 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11411859\charrsid2520509  Members}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15794761\charrsid2520509 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11411859\charrsid2520509 
 fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression appearing in Art 64(1)(e).
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid11411859\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [121]\tab}Dealing first with the Art 64(1)(e) argument, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid11411859\charrsid2828929 George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11411859\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11411859\charrsid2520509 noted that the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15794761\charrsid2520509  is one enjoyed by all persons in the Cook Islands, but the 2007 Amendment only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11691490  applies to 24 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16070072\charrsid2520509  those persons;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15794761\charrsid2520509  only applies to them during the comparatively few weeks of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16070072\charrsid2520509 
year when Parliament is sitting;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15794761\charrsid2520509  only applies when an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15794761\charrsid2520509 issue of confidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15794761\charrsid2520509  is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5912218\charrsid2520509 before the Ho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16070072\charrsid2520509 use;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5912218\charrsid2520509  and}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15794761\charrsid2520509  only applie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7423136 s when voting takes place on that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15794761\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509 issue of confidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5912218\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5912218\charrsid2520509 
Seen in that light, Part 9A does not impinge on Members\rquote  right to freedom of speech \endash  they are free to speak as they like in accordance with their views and consciences}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7423136  \endash 
 but only constricts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5912218\charrsid2520509 their freedom of expre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499008 ssion of their right of free speech}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5912218\charrsid2520509 
, namely, in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16070072\charrsid2520509  way they cast their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16070072\charrsid2520509 vote\'85on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5912218\charrsid2520509  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16070072\charrsid2520509 issue of confidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5912218\charrsid2520509 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15794761\charrsid2520509 That analysis significantly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15794761\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15794761\charrsid2520509 diminishes the operation and reach of Part 9A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5912218\charrsid2520509  and influences the decision as to whether that minimal limitation of Members\rquote  fundamental rights is justified}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11411859\charrsid2520509 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid5912218\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [122]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5912218\charrsid2520509 
As mentioned, not only was the 2007 Parliament clearly of the view}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13893949\charrsid2520509  that the objective of penalising \endash  not outlawing \endash  defection }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4662552 
was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13893949\charrsid2520509 sufficiently important to justify that occasional limitation on Members\rquote  
fundamental rights, it did so by utilising the special procedure for amending the Constitution set out in Art 41}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid13893949\charrsid2520509 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 
Two thirds majority and at least 90 days elapsing between votes on the measure}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13893949\charrsid2520509 That can only be seen as recognition }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499008 by Parliament }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13893949\charrsid2520509 that Members\rquote  fundamental rights were being affected by Part 9A and special measures were
 therefore required to pass those restrictions into law, but that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499008 , despite that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16194798 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499008  and despite the strictures in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3499008 Clarke v Karika}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499008 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13893949\charrsid2520509  Parliament was determined to enac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499008 
t those restrictions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4662552 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid4662552\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [123]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4662552\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10617837\charrsid2520509 The rational connection between the 2007 Amendment and Parliament\rquote s ob}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5137815 jective is that Members who are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10617837\charrsid2520509  no longer prepared to support the part}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16070072\charrsid2520509 y of their election on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16070072\charrsid2520509 votes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4662552 \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16070072\charrsid2520509  on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10617837\charrsid2520509 issues of confidence, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10617837\charrsid2520509 should }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5137815 be evicted from Parliament, but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10617837\charrsid2520509  if they contend they continue to enjoy the support of their el}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499008 ectorate \endash  as Mr Nicholas contends}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid598075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10617837\charrsid2520509 \endash  they can test that support by standing i}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4607801\charrsid2520509 n the consequent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499008 by-election, thus possibly circumvent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4607801\charrsid2520509 
ing the effect of the sanction of eviction for their contrary vote.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10617837\charrsid2520509 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid1323715 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [124]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1323715 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10617837\charrsid2520509 e note, with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10617837\charrsid2828929 George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10617837\charrsid2520509 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8213666\charrsid2520509 
 that less intrus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10617837\charrsid2520509 ive m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8213666\charrsid2520509 ea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10617837\charrsid2520509 ns might have been found to}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8213666\charrsid2520509  achieve t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4607801\charrsid2520509 he anti-defection objective }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499008 but any such amendments,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8213666\charrsid2520509  importantly for the achievement of that objective, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16194798 would be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3499008  highly likely to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8213666\charrsid2520509 leave the consequence of eviction for a contrary vote unchanged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4607801\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4607801\charrsid2520509 In any case, any amendment must be a political decision to meet political objectives}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10617837\charrsid2520509 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid8213666\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [125]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8213666\charrsid2520509 
The final question is whether the 2007 Amendment strikes a fair balance between Members\rquote  rights}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509  and the community\rquote s interests.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8213666\charrsid2520509 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid8213666\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [126]\tab}We find that it does.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid8213666\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [127]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14162775 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8213666\charrsid2520509 As outlined above, Par}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4662552 t 9A will only seldom}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8213666\charrsid2520509  affect the way Member}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15427611\charrsid2520509 s cast their votes. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15427611\charrsid2520509 It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8213666\charrsid2520509  restricts their fundamental ri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1323715 ght to freedom of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15427611\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8213666\charrsid2520509 expression}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15427611\charrsid2520509  but, as shown, only minimally. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15427611\charrsid2520509 By putting it in the hands of the party for which the dissentient Member was elected to evict them from Parliament and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3499008 for the Member then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15427611\charrsid2520509 either accept their expul
sion or again face the hazards of selection and election imposes a sanction on the Member for defection and an impost on the electorate of a by-election, but at least the electorate will again}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11691490  \endash 
 or continue to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid598075 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15427611\charrsid2520509  be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid598075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15427611\charrsid2520509 
represented by an MP who commands the confidence of the majority of voters.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1323715  That, we find, fairly balances the int}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16194798 erests of the relevant communities}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1323715  \endash  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16194798 Member\rquote s party of election and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1323715 voters of the Member\rquote s electorate \endash 
 against the interests of the Member.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14162775\charrsid2520509 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid5137815 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [128]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5137815 From that o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1323715 ur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14162775\charrsid2520509  conclusion on the issue of proportionality is that the terms and effect of the 2007 Amendment have not been shown to be disproportionate to the perceived mischie}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1323715 f they were d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16194798 esigned to prevent;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1323715  the interference with Members\rquote  fundamental rights is no m}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16194798 ore than occasional and minimal;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1323715  and the result, though considerable fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2168334 r Members affected, can be remediable by them.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14162775\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid598075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14162775\charrsid2520509 We reach that view bearing in mind that the proportionality of Parliament\rquote 
s response is pre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11691490 dominantly a political decision with electoral consequences,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14162775\charrsid2520509  and we recall to mind the remarks in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14162775\charrsid2828929 Arorangi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid14162775\charrsid2520509 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14162775 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922 At [54] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 ited above at [42]}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14162775\charrsid2520509  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid14116262\charrsid14116262 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li709\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14116262 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14162775\charrsid2520509 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid14162775\charrsid14116262 would require an exceptional case before a Court could properly hold that a legislative decision on such an issue could be rejected as being disproportionate\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\insrsid16254163\charrsid14116262 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\insrsid8213666\charrsid14116262 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid15427611\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [129]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3890629 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15427611\charrsid2520509 When all those factors are weighed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14162775\charrsid2520509 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15427611\charrsid2520509  together with the wide measure of respect required to be accorded the decision of the 2007 Parliament to enact Part 9A, we come to the view that the Respondent has failed to rebut the presum}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3890629\charrsid2520509 ption that the 2007 Amendment wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15427611\charrsid2520509 s, and is, constitutional}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3890629\charrsid2520509 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3890629\charrsid2520509 The Respondent\rquote s application for a declaration that the Electoral Amendment Act 2007 is unconstitutional therefore fails.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid3890629\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [130]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4662552 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3890629\charrsid2520509 Though largely confirmative of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3890629\charrsid2828929 George}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3890629\charrsid2520509 , that finding departs from the tentative view expressed in that cas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2168334 e that the 2007 Amendment might}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4662552 
 be found unconstitutional}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3890629\charrsid2520509  when a factual matrix against which the statute could be measured was before the C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4662552 ourt.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid4662552\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [131]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4662552\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3890629\charrsid2520509 The reasons for that departure from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3890629\charrsid2828929 George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3890629\charrsid2520509  are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509  that, here, the facts compelled a closer examination of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13135247  terms of the statute in action. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid598075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13135247 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7538252\charrsid2828929 George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7538252\charrsid4662552 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509 there was less examination of the primacy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13135247  under Part 9A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509  of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid7538252\charrsid4662552 vote}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13135247 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509  as contrasted with dissent more generally considered, and the impact of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid7538252\charrsid2828929 Arorangi Timberland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7538252\charrsid4662552 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5137815\charrsid2170887 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132677}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145724}Could }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785202\charrsid2170887 
Part 9A apply to Mr Nicholas\rquote  actions?{\*\bkmkend _Toc476132677}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145724}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [132]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4785202 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509 
Having held the 2007 Amendment not unconstitutional, the next question is whether, on the facts,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785202\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509 the Applicants}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785202\charrsid2520509 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509  actions resulted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785202\charrsid2520509 in th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2168334 
e RAPPA seat being vacated, and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785202\charrsid2520509 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509 o decide if Mr Nicholas\rquote 
s actions actually entitled the Applicants to move a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1994361\charrsid2520509 gainst him under Part 9A. .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [133]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8537040 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509 The pleadings are opaque as to whether the Applicants challenge Mr Nicholas\rquote 
s actions on 10 June, 17 June or both: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509 they simpl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2168334 y say}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7538252\charrsid10369974 \'93Mr Nicholas failed to support the majority of parliamentary members of the Democratic Party on the Appropriate (sic) Bill 2016\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509  withou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16194798 t specifying how Mr Nicholas is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509  alleged to have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16194798 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509 failed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16194798 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7538252\charrsid2520509  or which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13135247  vote was under challenge. Since}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12324232  Mr Nicho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13135247 las\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785202\charrsid2520509 
 position potentially affected the comp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13135247 osition of Parliament, it might have been helpful to have had the nub of the allegations relating to his actions clarified.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid13135247\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [134]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13135247\charrsid2520509  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 The Applicants\rquote  main sub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2168334 missions were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13135247 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2168334 
ambiguous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509  in that, after citing the relevant section of Part 9A, they asserted Mr Nicholas failed to support the Democratic Party }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4785202\charrsid2520509 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4785202\charrsid2520509 issues}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8537040\charrsid13321091 
[sic] of confidence in opposing the Appropriation Bill (put to vote on 10 June 2016)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13321091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 and rely on Mr Heather\rquote s first affi}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13135247 davit to in support}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 .  The paragraph in Mr Heather\rquote s first affidavit to which the submissions referred relied only on his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1994361\charrsid2520509 20 June letter to Mr Nicholas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 , and that, in its turn, relied only on the events of 10 June, specifically on Mr Nicholas seconding the Minister
\rquote s motion.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [135]\tab}
From that, the Court infers that the only actions by Mr Nicholas which, the Applicants\rquote  contend, entitled them to move against him under Part 9A was his seconding of the Minister\rquote s motion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4785202\charrsid2520509 on 10 June }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 that the Appropriation Bill be read a second time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1994361\charrsid2520509 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509  and the vote on that motion later that day.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [136]\tab}By seconding the motion for the second reading of the Appropriation Bill }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1994361\charrsid2520509 on 10 June }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 and voting on that motion in the same way as every other Member}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1994361\charrsid2520509  of the House present}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 
, did Mr Nicholas fail to support the majority of the Democratic Party on the issue of confidence which voting on the Appropriation Bill constituted?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid1994361\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [137]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13129804 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1994361\charrsid2520509 The answer must be that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 
 Mr Nicholas could not be said to have voted contrary to the majority of the Democratic Party on the issue since seconding a motion is merely a procedural device which enables a debate to ensue and a vote to be taken; it is not the vote itself. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 Though seconding motions is derided by one authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15164997 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 Tilson\rquote s Manual }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 (1948) p95 cited in the Wikipedia entry }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 Second (Parliamentary Procedure)}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509  as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 nearl
y useless and unnecessary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 , SO 111 requires motions to be seconded.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509  However, the essential role of seconding is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15164997 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 Robert\rquote s Rules of Order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 (11ed 2011) cited in Wikipedia op cit.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4745421  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 
A second to a proposed motion is an indication that there is at least one person besides the mover that is interested in seeing the motion come before the meeting.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4745421  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509  Hearing a second \'85 is guidance to the chair that he should state the question on the motion, thereby placing it before the assembly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4745421  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509  It does not necessarily indicate that the seconder favors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4785202\charrsid2520509 [sic] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 the motion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4785202\charrsid2520509 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 A leading New Zealand authority describes the procedure in the following way}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid8537040\charrsid2520509 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15164997 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 McGee 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 Parliamentary Practice in New Zealand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997  3}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\super\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997  ed 2005 p174, though NZ Parlia
mentary procedure almost never requires motions to be seconded. To similar effect see von Dadelszen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 Members\rquote  Meetings\rquote  2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\super\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997  ed para 6.10.9 p63;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 Pitchforth }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 Meetings: Practice and Procedure in NZ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997  (4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\super\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997  ed 2010 para 3-085 p53}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4745421 :  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid10369974 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8537040\charrsid10369974 A motion is proposed to the House by a member moving it and thus formally putting the proposition that it contains before the House, so that ultimately it may be adopted or rejected\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13129804\charrsid2520509 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid13129804\charrsid2520509 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [138]\tab} As t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2168334 o the vote itself, the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129804\charrsid2520509  vote on the motion for the second reading }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2168334 was unanimous which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129804\charrsid2520509 
shows that, had it not been Mr Nicholas who seconded the Minister\rquote s motion, some other Member would have done so, as all Members of the House wanted the Budget }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13512907 and the Appropriation Bill}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129804\charrsid2520509  debated and SO 111(1) would have prevented that debate taking place had the motion not been seconded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid13129804\charrsid2520509 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15164997 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid15164997 SO 1}}
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129804\charrsid2520509 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid2520509   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129804\charrsid10369974 \'93
unless it is otherwise expressly provided in any of these Orders, every motion unless made in committee, must be seconded, and if not seconded shall not be debated or entered in the Minutes\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15164997\charrsid10369974 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16254163   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11691490 Mr Nicholas\rquote  seconding of the Minister\rquote s motion was therefore routine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13707014 , unremarkable and should have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13512907  seen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13707014 , in the circumstances, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13512907 as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13707014 inconsequential.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129804\charrsid2520509 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid13512907 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [139]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13512907 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 ore importantly for present purposes, in voting for the motion in the same way as every other Member present, Mr Nicholas could not be said to have failed to support the majorit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12324232 y of the Democratic Party on a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12324232 vote on an issue of confidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15164997\charrsid11233614 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [140]\tab}The Court accordingly finds that no action by Mr Nicholas on
 10 June gave rise to any entitlement on the part of the Applicants to initiate the Part 9A proceedings against him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11233614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 
 That aspect of the claim accordingly fails}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11233614 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [141]\tab}
For the sake of completeness, even if the Applicants claim their pleading comprehended a challenge to Mr Nicholas\rquote  actions on 17 June, the same conclusion is the only one available.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [142]\tab}
Standing Orders say that once the House is in the required Committee of Supply,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2168334\charrsid11233614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 
amendments to departmental votes are limited to motions to reduce the vote in question}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13129804 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid8614516 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid8614516  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid8614516 SO 308}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 
.  Hansard shows there were no motions to that effect on 17 June.  There was debate on the Vote: Foreign Affairs which was interrupted by the division on the vote to suspend Standing Orders but, of the 32 subsequent votes on various departmental estima
tes and expenditure under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1994361\charrsid11233614 Bill, the O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 
pposition is only recorded as opposing the first sixteen.  The latter sixteen are recorded as having been agreed to unanimously.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [143]\tab}
Of the first 16 votes, Mr Nicholas is correct in saying that Hansard records no more than }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 Objection from the Opposition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 
 but neither records the manner in which that objection was demonstrated nor, imp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2168334 ortantly, how, in each case,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614  the majority of the Opposition}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5137815  expressed their opposition or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16194798 , more importantly still,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5137815  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 voted on those measures.  There are no entries in Hansard on the first 16 estimates votes compa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13512907 rable to the identification of M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 embers on the division on the motion that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13512907 Standing O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 rders be suspended.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\super\insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13129804 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid8614516 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid8614516  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid8614516 Part 28 XXVIII and SO 149 and 150.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [144]\tab}
The conclusion must be that Mr Nicholas would not have failed to support the majori
ty of the Democratic Party on the votes on the second 16 of the departmental estimates on 17 June as they were unanimous and, as regards the opposed votes on the first 16, the Applicant\rquote 
s case fails for lack of evidence as to the way in which the majority of the Democratic Party voted.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [145]\tab}On this part of the case, the conclusions are:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-708\li1417\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1417\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1417\itap0\pararsid12587190 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 That}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1994361\charrsid11233614 
, for the reasons appearing in this part of this judgment, although the 2007 Amendment is not unconstitutional,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614  the application for a declaration that the RAPPA seat was vacated}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262852\charrsid11233614  by the Applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2168334 s\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1994361\charrsid11233614  7 September }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2168334 notice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1994361\charrsid11233614 could never have succeeded on the facts and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262852\charrsid11233614  is dismissed; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13129804\charrsid11233614 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid262852\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262852\charrsid11233614 
In view of the Applic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5137815 ants\rquote  concession earlier recounted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid5137815 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid2828929 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid2828929  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid140910 At [101}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid2828929 ]}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262852\charrsid11233614 , their applications }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2168334 for declarations }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid262852\charrsid11233614 that Parliament was inquora}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1994361\charrsid11233614 te on 12 and 13 September 2016 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262852\charrsid11233614 
and any business transacted on those days was invalid are likewise dismissed.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262852\charrsid2170887 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132678}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145725}Consequential Issues: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11233614\charrsid2170887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262852\charrsid2170887 Abstention, Speaker\rquote s Dis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12587190\charrsid2170887 cr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13512907\charrsid2170887 etion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12587190\charrsid2170887  and Majority to Amend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11233614\charrsid2170887 {\*\bkmkend _Toc476132678}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145725}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid598075 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [146]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12403503 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid598075 
Though not matters truly in issue, we record our observations on these issues as they were raised in argument
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid598075 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132679}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145726}Abstention{\*\bkmkend _Toc476132679}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145726}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid12403503\charrsid15878973 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [147]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12403503 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12403503\charrsid15878973 Fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5012477\charrsid15878973 r lack of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid4537803  factual matrix against which to apply the analysis of Part 9A in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12403503\charrsid2828929 George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12403503\charrsid4537803 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid4537803 doubt was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262852 
 expressed as to whether s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid4537803  105B required every member }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid12002824 of a political party }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5012477\charrsid12002824 actually }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid12002824 to vote with the party for which he or she was elected 
on issues of confidence or face possible expulsion from Parliament.  Whether abstention by the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262852  dissenting Member}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid12002824 
 from the House when an issue of confidence was put to the vote ins}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262852 ulated that Member}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid12002824  against action under Part 9A was left open.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid12403503\charrsid12002824 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [148]\tab}This Court tak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7610356\charrsid12002824 es the view that abstention}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5012477\charrsid12002824  from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7610356\charrsid12002824 voting in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5012477\charrsid12002824 the House}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid12002824  when a vote on an issue of confidence is taken does not preclude dissentient MPs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5012477\charrsid12002824 
\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid12002824  parties from initiating and completing the Part 9A procedure a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5012477\charrsid12002824 gainst the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12403503\charrsid12002824 m.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid5012477\charrsid12002824 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [149]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12324232 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5012477\charrsid12002824 There are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid12002824 
 several reasons for that conclusion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12324232 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid12324232 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [150]\tab} G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12324232\charrsid11233614 
enerally, in a Westminster-style Parliament such as that of the Cook Islands a prime task of the Opposition is to hold the Government of the day to account, principally by challenging the enactment of the Government}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12060243 \rquote s bills on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12324232\charrsid11233614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16737678 votes in Parliament}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12324232\charrsid11233614 .  If a
 Member, elected for an Opposition party, fails to vote with the majority of that party, both generally or on an issue of confidence, he or she fails in their obligation to strengthen the Opposition\rquote 
s discharge of its principal obligation and diminishes the impact of the Opposition\rquote s principal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12324232 weapon.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12324232\charrsid12002824 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid5137815 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [151]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12403503 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5137815 More specifically}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16737678  u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2628804 
nder s 105B,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12587190  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2628804 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid12002824 he focus }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2628804 
as to whether a dissentient MP\rquote s party of election has the right to initiate the Part 9A procedure against the Member is twofold: t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid12002824 here must be a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid12403503\charrsid12587190 vote in Parliament on a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5012477\charrsid12587190 n issue of confidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5012477\charrsid12002824  and the M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12403503\charrsid12002824 ember must fail to support the majority of his or her party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16737678  on that vote}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid12002824 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [152]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 
Taking the second component first, the ordinary dictionary definition of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 failed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614  is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12403503\charrsid9395590 \'93not to render the due or expected service or aid ... to disappoint, give no help to\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\super\insrsid12403503\charrsid9395590 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618902 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid618902 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid618902  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid618902 
Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition, Vol V, p666}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid9395590  and the dictionary definition of support is \'93to strengthen the position of (a person or community) by one\rquote 
s assistance, countenance or adherence; to uphold the rights, claims, authority, or status of; to stand by, back up.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12587190\charrsid9395590 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs52\super\insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618902 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid618902 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid618902  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922\charrsid618902 Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition, Vol 17, p258}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4745421  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 Those definitions clearly connote that a Member }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 fails to support}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 
 his or her party if they do not act positively and strengthen the position of the party by voting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5012477\charrsid11233614  with the majority of its other Members}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 .  A failure to support is therefore a failure to take positive action with the majority of the Member}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5012477\charrsid11233614 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 s elected party, namely to vote with them on an issue of confide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7610356\charrsid11233614 nce.  Abstention }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 
is not enough }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7610356\charrsid11233614 to fulfil the Member\rquote s statutory obligations }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 as the Member }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5012477\charrsid11233614 is not rendering the service}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614  of casting their vote with the majority of their party of election and is not strengthening or assisting the party\rquote 
s position.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [153]\tab}On the earlier issue, the text of sect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4145489\charrsid11233614 ion 105B(a) makes clear that a M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 ember\rquote s support is required to be cast with the majority of his or her political party }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 upon a vote in Parliament on an issue of confidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4145489\charrsid11233614 .  That makes it clear that a M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 
ember may dissent or decline to participate in debates on an issue of confidence but when it comes to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 vote in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4145489\charrsid11233614 
 Parliament}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4145489\charrsid11233614  on that issue the M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 ember will fail to support }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7610356\charrsid11233614 
his or her elected party if he or she}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614  fail}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7610356\charrsid11233614 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 
 to vote with the majority.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [154]\tab}For all those reasons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1193079\charrsid11233614 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4145489\charrsid11233614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 the Court concludes that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4145489\charrsid11233614 
, as a matter of construction of Part 9A, un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7610356\charrsid11233614 less a dissentient}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4145489\charrsid11233614  M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 ember }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1193079\charrsid11233614 actually }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 casts his or her vote with the majority of the party for wh
ich he or she was elected when Parliament is voting on an is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4145489\charrsid11233614 sue of confidence, he or she exposes themselves}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 
 to the party choosin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4145489\charrsid11233614 g to take action against the Member }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12403503\charrsid11233614 under Part 9A.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid4145489\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [155]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4145489\charrsid11233614 
For completeness, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14632308\charrsid11233614 the Court expresses no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4145489\charrsid11233614  view as to whether a Member\rquote s absenc
e from the House with leave when a vote is taken on an issue of confidence would entitle their party to activate the Part 9A procedure against them. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12587190\charrsid11233614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4145489\charrsid11233614 The 2007 Amendment makes no distinction between}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1913815\charrsid11233614  possible reasons for the Member\rquote s actions \endash  a failure to vote is a fail}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2628804\charrsid11233614 ure to vote, irrespective of the reason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1913815\charrsid11233614  \endash  but the Member\rquote 
s former leader may be open to injunctive relief to prevent the s 105B letter being delivered to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1193079\charrsid11233614 the Speaker.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9395590  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1193079\charrsid11233614  However, the issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1913815\charrsid11233614  may be left for a case when it actually arises}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9714029\charrsid11233614 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4145489\charrsid11233614 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13512907 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132680}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145727}Speaker\rquote s discretion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\highlight7\insrsid11233614\charrsid13707014 {\*\bkmkend _Toc476132680}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145727}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid2560535\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [156]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11998264 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2560535\charrsid11233614 
As to whether the Speaker is vested with a discretion or power of deli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14877283 beration to accept or reject a n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2560535\charrsid11233614 otice received under s 105}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6433927\charrsid11233614 B(b), the view of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14877283 he Court is that the comment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6433927\charrsid11233614  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid6433927\charrsid2828929 George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\i\super\insrsid6433927\charrsid11233614 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs52\f0\super\insrsid6967922\charrsid279874 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6967922\charrsid279874  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid6967922 At [35](j)}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6433927\charrsid11233614 
 is correct and that, beyond confirming }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1193079\charrsid11233614 that, on its face, th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14877283 e n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6433927\charrsid11233614 
otice complies with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13707014 the terms of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6433927\charrsid11233614 ss 105C and 105D, the Speaker\rquote s role is co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2512773\charrsid11233614 nfined to that of a functionary: t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6433927\charrsid11233614 he Speaker must act in accordance with s 9(4) of the Electoral Act 2004}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2512773\charrsid11233614 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6433927\charrsid11233614  declare the vacancy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2512773\charrsid11233614 , and the cause,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6433927\charrsid11233614  in writing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2512773\charrsid11233614 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6433927\charrsid11233614  notify the Chief Electoral Officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2512773\charrsid11233614 , and arrange the declaration\rquote s publication in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2512773\charrsid11233614 Gazette}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2512773\charrsid11233614 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6433927\charrsid11233614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid598075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5137815 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1193079\charrsid11233614 
e add that the Speaker is not given the power to enquire whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14632308\charrsid11233614  ss 105C and 105D have been complied w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14877283 ith: if the terms in which the n}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14632308\charrsid11233614 otice is couched appear to fulfil the statutory criteria, the Speaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14877283  is obliged to accept what the n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14632308\charrsid11233614 otice says on its face, and declare the seat vacant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2560535\charrsid11233614 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid2512773\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [157]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2512773\charrsid11233614 
It follows that we agree with the Applicants that the peremptory language of s 105B means a seat becomes vacant u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14877283 pon the Speaker\rquote s receipt of a n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2512773\charrsid11233614 otice which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14632308\charrsid11233614 apparently }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2512773\charrsid11233614 complies with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14632308\charrsid11233614 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2512773\charrsid11233614 s 105C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14632308\charrsid11233614  and 105D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2512773\charrsid11233614 
, provided, of course, and crucially, tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14632308\charrsid11233614 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5137815 , if challenged le}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14877283 gally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5137815  by someone other than the Speaker, it can be proved that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14632308\charrsid11233614  s 105B(a) has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2512773\charrsid11233614  been complied with.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13707014 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132681}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145728}Majority for amendment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11233614\charrsid13707014 
{\*\bkmkend _Toc476132681}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145728}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid10123136\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [158]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2628804 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10123136\charrsid11233614 
As to the Respondent\rquote s counterclaim concerning the majority required to repeal or amend the 2007 Amendment, in view of our earlier findings it is unnecessary to review the authorities relied on and it is s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12060243 ufficient for us to say that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10123136\charrsid11233614  the Parliament of the day considered that enacting the Amendment required compliance with Art 41, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2628804\charrsid11233614 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10123136\charrsid11233614 we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2628804\charrsid11233614 would not be di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12060243 
sposed to differ because it has an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2628804\charrsid11233614 impact on the Part IVA fundamental rights and freedoms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12587190\charrsid11233614 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2628804\charrsid11233614 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14704873 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid803353\charrsid2170887 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132682}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145729}Result}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5137815\charrsid2170887 
{\*\bkmkend _Toc476132682}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145729}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid5455379\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [159]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx360\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7154819 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5455379\charrsid11233614 With the exception of the finding (in paragraph}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13707014 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3672605  [66], [82] and [83}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14877283 ]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5455379\charrsid11233614 ) that the Clerk exceeded his powers in a minor and excusable way not justifying any declaration from the Court, all the Applicants\rquote 
 claims having been determined against them, those claims are dismissed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11233614 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5455379\charrsid11233614 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid5455379\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [160]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid279874 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5455379\charrsid11233614  That the Electoral Amendment Act 2007 is not unconstitutional}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15879107\charrsid11233614  and can only be amended by following the procedure set out in Art 41 for Constitutional amendments.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid279874\charrsid11233614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15879107\charrsid11233614  Other than that, all the Respondent\rquote s applications are dismissed.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid279874\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [161]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid279874\charrsid11233614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15879107\charrsid11233614 The sittings of Parliament on 12-13 September 2016 were quorate, but on the facts, the Applicants\rquote  could never have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14877283 validly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15879107\charrsid11233614 instituted the Part 9A procedure against Mr Nicholas as, on 10 June 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6442871  \endash  or any other relevant time -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15879107\charrsid11233614 , he never failed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15879107\charrsid11233614 upon a vote in Parliament on an issue of confidence \'85 to support the majority of the memb
ers of the political party for which the member was elected.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6442871  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid598075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6442871 When he voted, he voted with them. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid598075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6442871 When he did not vote with them, his actions were not challenged and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13707014 challenges }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6442871 
were not open on the facts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5455379\charrsid11233614 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid15879107\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [162]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15879107\charrsid11233614 
 If costs are an issue, memoranda may be filed with that for the Applicants being due 28 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11233614 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15879107\charrsid11233614 ays after delivery of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid609022\charrsid11233614 this judgment and that for the R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15879107\charrsid11233614 espondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid609022\charrsid11233614 
 being due 7 days after receipt of the Applicants\rquote  memorandum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid279874\charrsid11233614 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15879107 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12532921 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532921 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12532921 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532921\charrsid2828929 {\*\bkmkstart _Toc476132683}{\*\bkmkstart _Toc476145730}OBSERVATIONS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532921 {\*\bkmkend _Toc476132683}{\*\bkmkend _Toc476145730}
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid12060243\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [163]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12532921 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12060243\charrsid11233614 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5137815 ough not affecting our conclusions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12060243  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12060243\charrsid11233614 
 following observations are apposite:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid12060243\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \fi-708\li1417\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\jclisttab\tx1417\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1417\itap0\pararsid12060243 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12060243\charrsid11233614 That, though it may be termed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid12060243\charrsid11233614 imaginative,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12060243\charrsid11233614  should Parliament contemplate amending Part 9A, it might turn its attention to, first, rendering a dissentient Member\rquote s party\rquote 
s right of action under that Part spent afte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5137815 r a short period, so obliging the party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12060243\charrsid11233614  to
 act while the effect of the failure to support remains recent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12060243 or operative }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14877283 but still deterring defection;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12060243\charrsid11233614  and, secondly, dealing with a Member\rquote s failing to vote on an issue of confidence arising from absence from the House with leave. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid598075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12060243\charrsid11233614 However, any amendment must remain a matter for Parliament\rquote s judgment as it must be a political}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14877283  solution to a political situation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12060243\charrsid11233614 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12060243  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12060243\charrsid11233614 and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp5129\insrsid12060243\charrsid11233614 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}
That parties for which initiation of the Part 9A procedure against one of its Members is open are not, as the 20 June letter asserted, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12060243\charrsid11233614 duty bound}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12060243\charrsid11233614  to commence action against that Member.  Action is optional at the party\rquote s discretion, and the evidence in this case suggested that, over the period}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5137815 
 since 2007, some Members have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12060243\charrsid11233614 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12060243 ai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12060243\charrsid11233614 
led to vote in support of their party of election}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12060243  on votes on issues of confidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12060243\charrsid11233614 
, but no Part 9A action has been taken against them.  If so, that strengt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13512907 hens the case for amendment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12060243 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2628804 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \highlight7\insrsid2628804\charrsid2628804 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10123136 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11631972 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10123136 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12544319 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12544319 ____________________\tab ______________________\tab 
   ______________________
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12544319 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12544319\charrsid803353 
Hugh Williams, CJ                               Grice, J                }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12544319                        Keane, J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12544319\charrsid803353 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12544319 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5455379 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5455379 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5455379 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\cf6\insrsid5455379\charrsid14227360 
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