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\super \ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority0 \styrsid10289806 footnote reference;}{\s26\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
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Party Name Criminal;}{\s36\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext36 \spriority0 \styrsid11299811 
Versus;}{\s37\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\langfe2057\cgrid\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext37 \slink38 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid13047583 
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\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7673263 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid10037944\sftnbj {\headerl \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\insrsid7150430 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7150430 1}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\insrsid7150430 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 
\par }}{\headerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\insrsid7150430 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2964913 20}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\insrsid7150430 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s32\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tx567\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11299811 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11299811\charrsid3280072 IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE COOK ISLANDS
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4260966 HELD AT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299811\charrsid3280072 RAROTONGA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4260966 
\par (CRIMINAL DIVISION)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299811\charrsid3280072 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s33\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13176581 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16540744 CR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1407535  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3475649 NO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5982457 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \caps0\insrsid5982457 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3475649  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5404193 378-380}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3475649 /1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5982457 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299811\charrsid3280072 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11299811 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid11299811 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid11299811\charrsid11299811 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s35\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11299811 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12993039 CROWN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299811\charrsid3280072 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s36\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11299811 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299811\charrsid3280072 v
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s35\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11299811 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5404193 MAHARA NICHOLAS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299811\charrsid3280072 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s35\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8263189 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11299811\charrsid8263189 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s35\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8263189 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11299811\charrsid8263189 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s34\ql \fi-2098\li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2098\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11299811 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299811\charrsid3280072 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s34\ql \fi-1418\li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid11299811 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299811\charrsid3280072 Hearing:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12993039 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16587244 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5404193  to 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2957707  November}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5062521  201}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5993685 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299811\charrsid3280072 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11299811 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid11299811\charrsid11299811 Counsel:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid10377608 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5993685 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13267832 A Mills}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5993685  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12597040 for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid1407535 Crown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid11299811\charrsid11299811 
\par \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2957707 Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5404193 N George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid3896276  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid16540744 
for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid11299811\charrsid11299811 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid13065830 Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid11299811\charrsid11299811 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid9257490 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid11299811\charrsid11299811 :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid12993039 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid5404193 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2957707  November}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid8668940  201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid5993685 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\insrsid15271009   (oral)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid11299811\charrsid9257490 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\insrsid11299811\charrsid8263189 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299811\charrsid3280072 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-284\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8648\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9257490\tblind-176\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8648\clshdrawnil \cellx8364\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qc \li-108\ri-108\sa120\widctlpar\intbl\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 \brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp240 
\tx5103\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-108\lin-108\pararsid9257490 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9257490\charrsid9257490 (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490\charrsid9257490 APPLICATION }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 FOR }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9257490\charrsid9257490 THAT TRIAL INVALID DUE TO DEFECTIVE INFORMATIONS
\par (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490\charrsid9257490 JUDGMENT OF}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299811\charrsid9257490  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2957707\charrsid9257490 
GRICE J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11299811\charrsid9257490 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11299811\charrsid9257490 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-284\trftsWidth3\trwWidth8648\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9257490\tblind-176\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr
\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8648\clshdrawnil \cellx8364\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa120\sl600\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5668107 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\cf6\insrsid6772258\charrsid2047933 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\cf6\insrsid5404193 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\cf6\insrsid6772258\charrsid2047933 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\cf6\insrsid5404193 01}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\cf6\insrsid6772258\charrsid2047933 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\cf6\insrsid8484536 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\cf6\insrsid5404193 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\cf6\insrsid6772258\charrsid2047933 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\cf6\insrsid16540744\charrsid5668107 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid5194713 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11151184 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 
This case result}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713  f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 rom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 
 a tragic accident.  Early on the morning of the 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid5194713\charrsid5194713 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 
 July 2015 two motorcycles collided.  The riders and each of the pillion passengers were thrown to the ground.  The rider of one of the motor vehicles is the accused Mr Mahara Nicholas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 e suffered ser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 ious}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 
 injuries in the crash}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6625963 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713   The rider of the other motor vehicle was Vetina Nicholas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490  who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713  died of the injuries sustained in the accident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 
some hours later at Rarotonga Hospital.  The two pillion passengers were also injured.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11151184   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 I refer in this judgment to the riders as \'93Mahara\'94
 the accused and \'93Vetina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11151184 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 respectively}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11151184 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid5194713 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 
As a result of the accident Mahara has been charged under s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713  25(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 
) of the Transport Act.  That charge carries a maximum term of imprisonment of 10 years and a fine not exceeding $10,000.  Those penalties were increased in 2007 by s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5194713  3 of the Transport Amendment Act.  S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 ection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713  25(2) reads}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11151184 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1418\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin1418\itap0\pararsid11151184 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11151184 Ev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs23\insrsid5194713\charrsid11151184 ery person }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid11151184\charrsid11151184 commits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5194713\charrsid11151184  an offence who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid9257490 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5194713\charrsid11151184  while under the influence of drink or a drug to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the vehicle, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid9257490 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\insrsid5194713\charrsid11151184 s in charge of the motor vehicle, and by any act or omission in relation thereto causes bodily injury to or the death of any person. 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid5194713 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2294358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 There is no dispute that the two riders of the respective motorcycles were Mahara and Vetina.  They are related}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 
Mahara comes from New Zealand and was here for the celebrations in Rarotonga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713  Vetina lived in the Cook Islands.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 
Nor is t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 here }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713  dispute that Mahara had been drinking during the evening leading up to the accident.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11151184 There is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713  considerable dispute as to how the accident occurred, who caused the accident, and what act or omission led to the collision.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid5194713 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}Before considering the substantive issues I de
al with a matter which was raised by Mr George at the end of his closing submissions.  This relates to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 form}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 
ations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713  and whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5194713  so defective as to be invalid.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9257490 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6029947 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 Counsel for the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 
 submitted that the informations were defective because they omitted the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 requirement in s. 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 (3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 that requiring an act or omission }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 cau}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 ing the death or injury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 .  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11151184 information}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 in relation to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 
caus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 ing death charge reads:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin720\itap0\pararsid9257490 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 
that Mahara }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 Nicholas }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 
did drive a motor vehicle namely a black Yamaha Nuovo scooter registration number RAD714, on the main road at Ruatonga whilst under the influence of drink to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the vehicle, and ther
eby caused the death of Vetina Nicholas.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257490 \'94
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15803905 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2294358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 The information refer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15803905  to s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  25(2) and (3) of the Transport Act.  Subsection 3 deals with the penalties.  It was amended by the 2007 Amendment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5194713 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15803905 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 Due to th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6029947 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  failure which refer to the act or omission }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 counsel submitted that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 the information }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 s so defective as to make the whole trial or hearing invalid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947  P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 resumably th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 is would result in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 being aborted or otherwise brought to an end.  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 f Mr George\rquote s submission was accepted, that would be the end of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 e char}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 s.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15803905 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}He also argued that the informations were defective for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11155652 non-compliance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 by failing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  set out s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  3 of the Transport Amendment Act 2007.  This provision amended the penalty provision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6029947 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  25(3).
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6029947 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7165526 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 Mr George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  argued that th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6029947 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 informations were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  non-complian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  with s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  16 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 Criminal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 
 Procedure Act.  This requires that every information shall contain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7165526 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin720\itap0\pararsid6029947 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 \'93\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 
such particulars as will fairly inform the defendant of the su}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 bstance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  of the offence with which he is charged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 
\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15803905 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7165526 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 Secondly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 
 the particulars of the alleged offence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7165526 must:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin720\itap0\pararsid6029947 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 \'93\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6029947 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  far as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 possible}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 
,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  use the words}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  the enactment creating the offence, and may refer to any portion of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  enactment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  in estimating the sufficiency of any such information}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  the Court shall have regard to such words or reference.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15803905 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7165526 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 ection 16(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 3}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 says the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 particulars }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2961252 must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 includ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7165526 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin720\itap0\pararsid2961252 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 \'93\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 
the time and place of the alleged offence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  and the person }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 if any
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  against whom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 
\'85 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  was committed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 \'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10506876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2961252 
The requirements of s. 16(3) which is couched in mandatory terms have been met.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905   Subsection 3 clearly has been met.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15803905 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7165526 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7165526 ection 16(4)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7165526 provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li720\ri543\sa360\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin543\lin720\itap0\pararsid7165526 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7165526 \'93Ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 
cept as hereinbefore provided no information shall be held to be defective for want of form}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7165526 er}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905  substance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7165526 \'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15803905 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11155652 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2294358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 Mr George submitted that failing to recite the words }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 
in the information }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 was an important defect which prejudiced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876  the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 .  Without those words}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652  he says}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 
 Mahara would think that the Crown only needed to prove that he was under the influence of alcohol and that an accident occurred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876  He would suppose that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652  the Crown need }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 prove that an act or omission }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 by him }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 that caused the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 injury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 
 or the death.  In other words, Mr George said that the defence as set out in the informations only had a temporal connection rather than a causative connection with the cause of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 injury or }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 death.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11155652 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 He s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10506876 ubmitted that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 
as the Crown case was closed and the trial had finished it was too late to do anything about it.  In response to a suggestion that the matter should have been raised earlier he said that he had only recently found the defect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10506876 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 so }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 not been sitting on it for some time.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 
Mr George }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 also candidly agreed that he had run }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 e}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 defendant\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 case on the basis that the relevant act or omission relating to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 injury or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 death was required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876  N}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 evertheless he said the prejudice was to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 the defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 personal
ly as he did not have the full wording of the information set out for him.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10506876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf6\insrsid10506876\charrsid10506876 * }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\cf6\insrsid7622529 Put star and say e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf6\insrsid10506876\charrsid10506876 dits st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf6\insrsid7622529 ops here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf6\insrsid10506876\charrsid10506876 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11155652 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2294358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 Mr George also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 
submitted the fact that the defendant was under the influence of alcohol was a key issue for the Crown.  He pointed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11155652  pre-trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 matter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 
 in which the Crown had sought to adduce as evidence the certificate of analysis of blood alcohol taken from Mahara shortly after the accident.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 
The process of the taking of blood did not follow the exact requirements of the legislation.  The application was successful.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 Mr George said the Crown was so focussed on obtaining th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652  evidence o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 alcohol }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 reading }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 
 somehow indicated that the evidence of alcohol or being under the influence was the focus of the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876  to the exclusion of the act or omission causing the injury or death}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11155652 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10506876 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 He also submitted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028914 it was prejudicial because if the Crown left out the need to link the act or omission to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 injury or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028914 
death, it just must be prejudicial to Mahara.  He would have relied on the information}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028914  as t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 hey}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028914  w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028914  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10506876 all he had so he would have thought }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10028914 he was done for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742  and had no defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028914 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742   He said this was an ulterior motive of the Crown\rquote s.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11155652 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9328236 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9328236 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10028914 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9328236 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028914 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9328236 wn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 in reply said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9328236 that there was no substantial prejudice.  Ms Mills argued it was not mandatory to have the full wording of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 . 25(2) of the Transport Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9328236 set out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742  in the informations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9328236  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742  S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9328236 he pointed to s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9328236 
 16(4) of the Criminal Procedure Act which said that no information shall be held to be defective for want of substance.  She said the omission was of minor significance and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9328236 was clearly no prejudice to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742  defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9328236 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6160742 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9193567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 In support of h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 er}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567  s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 ubmission Ms Mills }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 
pointed out that Mr George had run his case, opened and closed it, on the basis the act or omission was required.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 Similarly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 
the Crown had opened and closed its case on th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567  basis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 here had been a pre-trial application before Justice Hugh Williams in which this issue had not been brought up and in that application and the judgment the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 full }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 elements of the offence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 including the requirement of an act or omission }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9193567 were set out despite the fact that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 informations \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 did not include the reference to the act or omission.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 herefore Mr George was well equipped to deal with the charges }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 and all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9193567 their elements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 here was no prejudice at all.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6160742 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}Ms Mills }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 submitted that s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567  18(3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 of the Criminal Procedure Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 
allowed the Court to amend a defect in the information during the trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742  She noted that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567  47 allow}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160742 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 
 amendments to informations by the Court at any time by the trial.  In relation to the latter section there is a requirement the amendment is put to the accused and he be asked to plead to it.  It also requires any evidence already given to be deemed to h
ave been given and for the purposes of the trial the charge is as amended or substituted.  I
n that case either party has the right to recall and examine or cross-examine or re-examine any witness whose evidence had already been given in respect of the offence originally charged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10028914 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9193567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 Mr George }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10705524 said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 that the case had closed so the Crown could not amend the charges.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10705524 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10705524 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 he Crown }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10705524 relied on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10705524 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9193567\charrsid9193567  v Jones}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\i\super\insrsid10705524 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs25\super\insrsid7150430 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1378477\charrsid1378477 R v Jones [1986] 1 NZLR 1}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10705524  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9193567 as authority for the proposition that the trial remained on foot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10705524 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10705524  Mr George}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567  appeared to concede that that may well be the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10705524 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567  but nevertheless his client was still prejudiced.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10705524 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9193567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10705524  J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10705524\charrsid10705524 ones}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10705524  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 
the New Zealand Court of Appeal held that for the purposes of the New Zealand legislation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10705524 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567  which is similar to the Cook Islands legislation, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10705524 trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 remained on foot until the completion of a reserved judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576  for this purpose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9193567 .  In this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 the submissions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193567 
 not yet been completed so it was much earlier than the delivery of a reserved judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 
  I am of the view that the trial was not complete and an application for amendment of the informations could properly be made.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11151184 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9844567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9844567 The Crown submitted t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 hat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9844567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 it had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9844567 no intention to mislead }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 
the defendant.  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9844567 t did not mislead as it had opened and closed on all the elements.  It was obvious }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9844567 it }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 intended to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9844567 deal with all the elements of the charge.  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9844567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}Ms Mills also referred to an earlier }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 
jury trial of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4013576\charrsid4013576 Timoti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9844567 Justice Hugh Williams }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 
presided in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9844567 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9844567  in which a charge under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 
s. 25(2) of the Transport Act w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9844567 as dealt with by a jury.  In that case the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 information }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9844567 
also omitted the reference to the act or omission a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9844567  in th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9844567  case}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9844567  Mr George appeared for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9844567 .  There was no }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388 issue taken with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 information in that case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388 
.  The correct elements were put to the jury and the matter proceeded on that basis.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 he Crown argued t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388 his support for the fact that M
r George was fully aware of the elements of the offence.  Mr George indeed admitted that he was.  He also said of course he was not misled as to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12476719 elements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388 
.  He ran his case on the basis of the elements but the fact that he knew all about it should not allow the Crown to get away with having defective information}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388 
.  He said it was not his duty to raise these defects with the Crown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576  case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388 .  He also said candidly that if he were pressed over an amendment, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 and asked if he wished }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388 any witnesses recalled for re-examination in terms of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388  47}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388  he would not.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9844567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10045388 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388 
I am satisfied that the informations sufficiently particularised the charges.  The defect does not invalidate the proceedings nor require amendment.  The defendant was well }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12476719 aware}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388  of the full elements of the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4013576 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10045388 the particulars that he was facing.  He was aware of this from an early stage }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 at least from the time he instructed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388 his counsel Mr George.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 This was before the pre-trial applications.  Mr George was well aware of all elements of the charge and ran his case on the \'85\'85\'85. all were required to be proved.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10045388 There was no prejudice at all accruing to him.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 I am }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388 satisfied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12476719 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388  the information contains sufficient particulars to fairly inform the defendant of the substance of the offence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154  and they did fairly inform him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10045388 .  I do not have to deal with an application for an amendment or make an application by the Court.  However if I a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388 
 wrong I would have had no hesitation about amending the information to include the omitted words.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10045388 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}Now I move to the substance of the case.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10045388 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}The Crown case is that Mahara\rquote s black motorcycle collided head-on a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388  slightly to the left of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 the front of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388 Vetina\rquote 
s motorcycle.  Both vehicles had pillion passengers on the back.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 On }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388 Mahara}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 motorcycle was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388 Ms Nuku, Vetina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 \rquote s pillion passenger was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388 her friend }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 Ngap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid542519 are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388  Noovao who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 m}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10045388  I will refer to as Pare. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10045388 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}The Crown says that Mahara }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 
was driving from Avarua }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12476719 ownship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 
 where he had earlier been at the Rehab Nightclub.  He was travelling on the Main Road toward the airport near the Punanga Nui market.  He was speeding.  The speed limit in that stretch of road is 50 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12476719 
kilometres}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352  per hour.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 The road has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 one lane }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352  each }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 direction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 .  The road leads to the airport so I will refer to the airport }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 
side}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352  and the Avarua }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 side}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 , although it was variously referred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 
in the evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 by reference to different }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 locations and landmarks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10045388 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1576352 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 The Crown say}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4591256 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352  that Mahara travelled across to Vetina\rquote s side of the road and collided with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1576352  motorcycle.  She was coming from the airport direction at a speed of some}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 thing less }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 than 40 kilometres an hour.  The collision, the Crown say}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4591256 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 , occurred on Vetina\rquote s side of the roadway showing that Vetina was in the correct }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 side}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352  of the road at the time of the accident and that Mahara had crossed over onto Vetina\rquote s side of the road.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1576352 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 The lighting on th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 e relevant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352  part of the road }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 
s not good.  The crash occurred on the Avarua side of the entrance to the Punanga Nui market}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154  from the airport side}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 .  It occurred }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15012154 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352  a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15012154 point the road curves}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031  F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 oliage grows on the seaward side }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 the Punanga Nui market side}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031  of the road}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 
.  On the inland side of the road there are also hedges and foliage.  There is a red container on the inland side of the road near where the accident occurred.  This featured in a number of the photographs.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1576352 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 On the night the road
 surface was not marked with a centreline.  The tar seal was relatively new}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352  although there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 s no evidence of how long it had been down.  The road surface now is marked with a yellow line down the centre.  That is not clear when th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 ese}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1576352  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 markings were made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1576352 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}
The Crown says Mahara was speeding in the range of 50 to 65 kilometres an hour based on the crash investigator}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 s calculations.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 he crash investigator sa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352  that there was some difficulty in establishing the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 act speeds due to the likely deceleration by the vehicles before the accident.  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1576352 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}
The Crown allege that Mahara was impaired by the effects of alcohol.  He had a blood alcohol reading some hours after the accident }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 well in excess of the legal limit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1576352 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1576352 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}Evidence was called from experts to indicate that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid394031 Mahara\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 s motor skills, judg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 
ment and risk taking behaviour would have been significantly detrimentally affected by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352  level of alcohol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 
 in his bloodstream}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 .  Witnesses gave evidence that he had been drinking for some hours before the accident, starting on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1576352 party bus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352  which left the Rehab Nightclub about 7 pm.  On its return he had been at the Rehab Nightclub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid394031 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031  S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 ubsequently with his pillion passenger }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 
on the back of his motorcycle }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 he ro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 e around the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12476719 car park}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352  of the Rehab Nightclub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031  He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1576352  was seen driving away from the Rehab Nightclub on the main road in the direction of the airport.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1576352 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}
A witness, Ms Ben, said she had seen him driving around the car park on the motorbike.  She said he was weaving and driving in a sloppy manner.  In addition a Rehab security guard, Mr Duane Gokisuva, gave evidence that Mahara had had some difficulty with 
walking and getting off the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 party }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 bus in the evening and he appeared to be affected by alcohol.  He identified }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 
the person he observed as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1576352 Mahara.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4591256 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4591256 Mahara\rquote 
s pillion passenger had been with him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4591256  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 Mahara\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4591256 
sister and brother on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4591256 party bus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4591256  and at the nightclub}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4591256  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031  They }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4591256 
also had a significant amount to drink.  Ms Nuku had a high blood alcohol reading taken sometime after the accident.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4591256 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4591256 
On the other hand, Vetina had only a very slight trace of alcohol in her blood.  Her passenger Pare had a level of 30 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood.  This was the result of a drink Pare had taken shortly before the accident at Vetina
\rquote s boyfriend\rquote s house.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4591256 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}As will become apparent I am satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that Mahara was under the }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 influence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4591256  of drink to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4591256  motor vehicle however I am not satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031  it was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4591256  Mahara }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 who }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4591256 caused the act or omission that led to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 injuries and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4591256 
death.  I am not satisfied that he crossed the centreline or by virtue of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4591256  speed caused the accident.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4591256 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}There is a difference between proof as to the fact that his driving was impaired before 
the accident and that it was his act or omission that caused the collision and thereby the death and injuries alleged.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4591256 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031 ection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4591256 
 28 of the Transport Act is an offence with a substantially lesser penalty which is used where the allegation is that the defendant was under the influence of drink or a drug to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control and drives or atte
mpts to drive a motor vehicle on the road, that is not the charge here.  The further element of act or omission relating to the cause of the accident is required.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4591256 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41]\tab}For the defenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 
e Mr George submitted that the M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4591256 ahara}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394031  was driving toward the Avarua t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4591256 
ownship from the airport.  He was driving in the same direction as Vetina and that she collided with him in the rear of his cycle so causing the accident.  This would explain, he said, why the impact according to the crash investigator occurred on the sea
ward side or Vetina\rquote s side of the roadway.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13777131 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [42]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 
This version of events could be said to be in part supported by three witnesses, at least as to the direction of travel.  The first was off-duty police officer, Officer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1647371 Lockington}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 .  She was driving from the airport into town to pick up a fellow officer who was also an off-duty at about the time of the accident.  Officer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1647371 Lockington}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131  said that just before or around Palace Takeaways which is on the seaward side of the road at the airport end before the accident, a black motorcycle with a male driver and a femal
e pillion passenger came up from behind her and overtook her on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 inside}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 
 left which would be the seaward side of her car and swerved to the right back in front of her.  She thinks this may have been around about the Palace Takeaway site or slightly before that.  She came upon the accident shortly after and she assisted at the
 accident scene.  Officer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1647371 Lockington}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131  struck me as a reliable witness.  She appeared to have a good recollection of the evening\rquote 
s events and refused to be drawn into conjecture.  She had not been drinking that evening}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7209258  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 
 had her 2 year old child in her car.  She refused to speculate on who might have been riding the motorcycle.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7209258 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 he would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7209258 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 have been aware that the motorcycle coming from the airport side does not assist the Crown theory of the case.  I found her to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7209258 a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 reliable, forthright and honest witness.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13777131 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [43]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 
A further witness that the Crown called which supported the defence case about the direction of the travel of Mahara\rquote s motorcycle was Mrs Amarama.  She worked at the Palace Takeaways.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7209258 This}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131  is on the seaward side of the road }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7209258 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 
the airport side of the accident.  She was putting out the rubbish she thought about 12.30 to 1 o\rquote clock.  Ms Amarama struggled with establishing the actual times}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7209258 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13777131  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7209258  S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 he did not have a watch on her and h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7209258 ad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 
 some difficulty in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7209258 recalling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131  the times.  However}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 
 somewhere between 12.30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177  am}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131  to 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177  am}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131  she said she put out the rubbish}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 .  S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 he finished work for the night}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177  and}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131  was sitting at the table.  She then saw someone who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131  she thought was Mahara }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3821177 on a motorcycle }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 come past }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 
from the airport direction toward Avarua on the main road.  She then got on her bike and left Palace }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 akeaways.  She said variously that this was 10 minutes}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131  15 minutes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131  5 or 2 to 3 minutes before the accident.  She }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 s not sure.  However she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 heard and then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 came }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 across }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 to the accident.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13777131 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [44]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 In her statement to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 olice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 made near the time of the accident }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 
she drew a map.  She said she did not know Mahara personally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 
 had not met him, but the family that own the Palace Takeaways was related to him and she had seen Mahara}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177  with them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13777131 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10773520 She did not mention to the Police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 when she gave her statement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 
 that she recognised him as the driver of the motorcycle she saw travelling toward Avarua.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4591256 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10773520 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [45]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3821177 nother}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520  witness, Ms Tixier, gave evidence saying she was passed on the airport side of the accident site by a black motorcycle.  She identified Mahara.  I will deal with her evidence later.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10773520 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [46]\tab}
Mr George in his opening said that the sole or primary defence was that Mahara did not cause the accident and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 
the Police analysis of the accident undertaken around about the 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid10773520\charrsid10773520 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520  July was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 \'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 completely and absolutely mistaken and wrong.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 
  Mr George also pointed to the fact that the road had been recently tar-sealed and there were no centre markings on the road.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 He said t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 
his would have also contributed to the accident.  He also said that he would highlight the lack of damage in crucial areas on the bikes which went against the Crown case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10773520  supported his theory of the case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 which was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 that the motorcycles collided while travelling in the same direction, from the airport.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10773520 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [47]\tab}Mr George also said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 part of the defence case was that Vetina was speeding, talking to her pillion passenger and was inattentive which caused the accident.  He also mentioned that her head injuries were a result of not wearing a helmet.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10773520 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [48]\tab}I now }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 consider}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520  the legal position.  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10773520 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [49]\tab}
I am required to be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt on each of the elements of the charge.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520  was not addressed in detail on this by either counsel}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177  as it was submitted as being }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 self-evident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 
 I must be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 n each element of the charge.  A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 reasonable doubt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3821177 would be }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794 honest and reasonable uncertainty that has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138  been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794 
 left in my mind about the guilt of the defendant after I have carefully considered all the evidence.  I note that proof beyond reasonable doubt is a very high standard and that the defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794 s presum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794 
 innocent.  He did not have to call evidence, he did so in this case.  He does not need to prove his theory of the case, he is entitled to rely on the Crown proving the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11870794  in all its elements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794  beyond reasonable doubt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10773520 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11870794 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [50]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13264138 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794 The Crown also referred me to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11870794\charrsid1012767 O\rquote 
Callaghan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\i\super\insrsid13264138 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid7150430 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430  R v O\rquote Callaghan [1985] 1NZLR 198, [1984] 1CRNZ 370}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794 , a New Zealand Court of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794 ppeal decision.  In that case the Court of Appeal was considering a trial direction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 given }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794 by a judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 to a jury on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794 a charge under s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13264138 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794  55(2) of the New Zealand Transport Act 1962.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 It is in the same }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794 terms as s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794  25(2) of the Cook Islands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 Transport}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794  Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs25\super\insrsid13264138 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid7150430 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 
 The New Zealand legislation has now been changed in relation to the act or omission which causes the injury or death.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794 .  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11870794 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [51]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2294358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794 The Court of A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 ppeal reviewed various changes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794 to the legislation which had occurred in New Zealand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138  It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794 followed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794 
 earlier Court of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 decision of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11870794\charrsid1012767 Wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13264138 l}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11870794\charrsid1012767 ter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\i\super\insrsid13264138 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid7150430 \chftn 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430  R v Walter [1959] NZLR 1178}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794 .  In that case the Court held that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 
the cause or act or omission which must be found against the accused needs not be negligent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767  but the act or omission must have been of such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 
character that it would not have happened if the accused had not been under the influence of the drink or drug to an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the vehicle.  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1012767 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [52]\tab}In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1012767\charrsid1012767 O\rquote Callaghan}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767  the Court of Appeal held }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 the direction to the jury }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 the Crown need only prove that the accused did an act while his blood level was excessive and did not have to show any cause or link between the act or omission causing the death}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13264138 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767  was wrong.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11870794 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1012767 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [53]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 I now turn to the elements}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138  of the offence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13264138 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [54]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 From }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1012767 the actions of Mahara }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 during the evening }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 of 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid1012767\charrsid1012767 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767  July and early morning of the 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid1012767\charrsid1012767 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138  and his physical state,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 
 I am satisfied that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 :
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1012767 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid13264138 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 Mahara was in charge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 relevant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 black Yamaha motorcycle.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13264138 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13264138 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}Mahara}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 
 was under the influence of alcohol to such an extent as to be incapable of being in charge of a motor vehicle.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7150430 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [55]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2294358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 In relation to his alcohol intake and the effects it would have had on him I consider the medical evidence.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 Dr Teapa was the surgical consultant on duty when the victims of the accident arrived at the hospital.  He is qualified as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1012767 medical practitioner and also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 understands }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 as to the effects of alcohol on the human body.  He is qualified by virtue of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 both }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 training and experience.  He has worked for some 10 years }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 since graduation.  S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 
ince 2013 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 has worked at Rarotonga Hospital as a surgeon.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1012767 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [56]\tab}The Crown also called evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767  which read}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767  of Dr Allan Stowell, a New Zealand scientist and expert on blood and breath alcohol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 .  He gave evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 as to the effects of alcohol }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 n the body and in particular }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 at the levels showing in Mahara\rquote s blood test, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 likely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 
ffect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 on him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 . 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7150430 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [57]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 Dr Teapa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1012767  dealt with Mahara when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767  arrived at hospital.  Dr Teapa found that Mahara was highly intoxicated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 
 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 
 at times aggressive.  The doctor said Mahara was not subject to any life threatening injuries but had reasonably serious facial injuries and injuries to the leg.  Dr Teapa considered he suffered a mild concussion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7150430 .  This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 is the equivalent of a mild brain injury }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 at the time of i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 nitial present}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 ation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1012767 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [58]\tab}Mahara had a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 Glasgow Coma Score (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 GCS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767  score, which measures the severity of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 head }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1012767 injury, of about 10 to 11.  However within 4 hours that score }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706 had come up to 15 which is in the normal range.  Given the speed of return to normality of the GCS score }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 Dr Teapa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706  was of the view that Mahara\rquote s behaviour }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 was driven by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2496706 the effects of alcohol rather than a brain injury.  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2496706 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [59]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2496706 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706 Dr Teapa had also noticed that Mahara smelt strongly of alcohol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 The team }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706 could not restrain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 
Mahara, he was difficult and aggressive.  They }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706 ask}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706 
 the ambulance drivers for assistance in order to get the x-rays completed.  His view was that Mahara\rquote s psycho-motor skills would have been diminished}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706 
is coordination and his ability to handle a vehicle would have been severely affected, his hand and eye coordination would have been affected and his judgment would be poor.  Dr Teapa }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706 mentioned there would be loss of orientation to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7150430 his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706 
surroundings and that someone with the alcohol level that Mahara had would show erratic behaviour often leading to risk-taking.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2496706 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [60]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2294358 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706 Dr Teapa also noted that he examined Vetina when she arrived }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 and s}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706 
he had suffered severe traumatic primary brain injury.  She died at 9am that morning at Rarotonga Hospital.  His view was that she had no signs of brain activity when she arrived.  He was of the view, after consulting with his colleagues, that it was futi
le to continue life-saving treatment for her.  Severe traumatic primary brain injury was listed as the cause of death in his report to the coroner.  He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706 
also considered whether there would have been any difference if there had not been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706 
 delay of some 40 minutes before the ambulance arrived to pick Vetina up from the scene of the accident.  He and his colleagues came to the conclusion it would not have made any difference to Vetina\rquote s chance of survival as severe brain injuries }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 from the accident }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706 were not survivable.  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2496706 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [61]\tab}Dr Teapa also examined and gave evidence as to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12845250 state}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706  of Pare.  She stayed overnight for neurological observation and was discharged the following morning.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7739469 
The main diagnosis was mild concussion.  She also had a left scalp laceration with several superficial abrasions to her skin.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7739469 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [62]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7739469 Rawi Nuku was Mahara\rquote 
s pillion passenger.  She was intoxicated on admission.  Her injuries }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11811951 
amounted to several abrasions or soft tissue injuries to limbs, in particular her right forearm which had a laceration slightly bigger than the rest.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2496706 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11811951 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [63]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11811951 I now turn to Dr Stowell\rquote 
s evidence on Mahara\rquote s alcohol levels and the effect on Mahara\rquote s behaviour.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11811951 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [64]\tab}Dr Stowell\rquote 
s evidence was read by consent.  He is qualified as an expert in blood and breath alcohol matters.  He is a scientist employed by ESR in New Zealand.  He has extensive experience and a post-doctoral research expertise in blood and alcohol breat
h analysis and a knowledge of the effects of alcohol on the human body.  His curriculum vitae is impressive.  He has given expert evidence i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11811951 
 all Courts in New Zealand over sixty times, mainly involving interpretation of blood or breath alcohol}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250  tests }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11811951 under New Zealand law.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid12845250 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [65]\tab}Dr Stowell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11811951 
had received the results of Maraha\rquote s blood alcohol test from the Rarotonga Hospital laboratory.  He came to the view that the tests indicated that Mahara\rquote 
s blood alcohol concentration at the time of the crash was likely to have been within the approximate
ly range of 185 to 215 milligrams per 100 millilitres of blood.  He came to the conclusion that that could be explained by between 13.5 and 24 standard drinks.  The most likely alcohol consumption being approximately 19 standard drinks.  A standa
rd drink is the equivalent of 32 millilitres of bourbon with an alcohol content of 40 percent by volume.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid12845250 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [66]\tab}Dr Stowell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11811951 said w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9011186 hile there was difficulty in predicting how impaired a person would be at any particular blood alcohol concentration without specific knowledge of the person\rquote 
s tolerance for alcohol, there was a large body of published scientific research showing the consumption of alcohol and impaired psycho-motor skills.  These are important for safe driving.  He pointed to the fact that impairment can cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9011186  for example}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9011186 
 a degree of tunnel vision and a reduction in the ability to make quick and correct decisions in the event of an emergency.  Alcohol also releases inhibitions and this can lead to risk-taking behaviour.  He said that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12845250 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9011186 
an average person driving skills begin to be significantly impaired at blood alcohol concentrations of somewhat lower than what Mahara had.  Higher concentrations result in more serious impairment and that impairment has a strong association with traffic 
accidents.  He said that chronic heavy drinkers do develop a tolerance to intoxicating liquor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9011186  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9011186 owever even a heavy chronic drinker would be impaired to some extent if the blood alcohol concentration level of approximately 175 milligrams per 100 millilitres of blood.  His evidence was unchallenged.  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9011186 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [67]\tab}
I therefore have no difficulty in coming to the conclusion on the evidence of particularly Dr Teapa and Dr Stowell that Mahara was under the influence of drink to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control of the motorcycle. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9011186 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [68]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9011186 
I also conclude from the evidence of Dr Teapa that Vetina\rquote s death and the body injuries of the two pillion passengers were caused in the accident as alleged in the information.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11811951 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9011186 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [69]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9011186 I now turn to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 the events of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9011186 Vetina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 \rquote s day leading up to the accident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9011186 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9011186 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [70]\tab}
Vetina had spent most of the day involved in preparation to model a costume made by her Aunty Nane Tau for a show at the Edgewater Resort.  There was considerable imprecision as to the exact timing of events in the course of the day and the evening of 22}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid9011186\charrsid9011186 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9011186  July}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9011186  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12845250  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9011186 owever it was clear }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9011186 Vetina modelled at the show at approximately}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862  7 to 8 pm in the evening and returned to Avarua School where she was staying with about 50 or 60 other participants at the Te}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 
Maeva Nui celebrations in Rarotonga.  Those participants and people staying at Avarua School included Mahara Nicholas and his family.  It is common ground that these celebrations attracted many overseas visitors to the island and many cultural groups}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 Rarotonga was very busy during that period.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9011186 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6108862 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [71]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 Vetina\rquote s aunt Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862  Tau, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862  with her for a large part of the day.  In the afternoon she told Vetina to have a sleep.  She was not sure whether Vetina had done so.  After modelling at the Edgewater Resort, Vetina went back to Avarua School.  Mrs Tau }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 took her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 back a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 nd stayed to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 talk to friends and hav}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862  something to eat.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6108862 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [72]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 Vetina }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12845250 told her aunt that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 she was tired and went off to bed.  Mrs Tau went to say goodnight to Vetina and thank her for modelling for her at about midnight.  She said Vetina was in bed lying down}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862   Her aunt thought she was still awake as she moved.  Her aunt thanked her for modelling and left.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6108862 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [73]\tab}Mrs Tau did not see Pare at all during the evening and she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12845250 thought}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862  that she had left Vetina at about 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 to 12.15 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12845250 am }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 or 12.20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250  am}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 .  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6108862 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [74]\tab}On the other hand Pare said she had been with Vetina since about 10 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 pm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 .  Pare had had Vetina\rquote s motorcycle earlier in the evening.  Pare did not have a licence but she had ridden around on the motorcycle for some time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 evening.  She received a text from Vetina about 9pm.  She took Vetina\rquote s motorcycle back to Avarua School.  When she arrived Vetina was not back so }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 Pare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862  went for another ride into town.  When she got back Vetina was lying in bed.  Pare felt it was late but she was not carrying a watch.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid409035 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6108862 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [75]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 The times then become }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 imprecise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 Pare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862  and Vetina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862  with Pare driving Vetina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 \rquote s motorcycle, went off to see Vet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 ina\rquote 
s boyfriend Rechimaier Rairoa who has a home in Ruatonga.  Pare thought they went to see Rechimaier twice that evening, however Rechimaier only rec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 alls}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 
 them coming once.  He thought it was about 2am as he had been in bed.  His brother Marcel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 lo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 
 Rairoa, whose evidence was read, was the one who woke Rechimaier up when Vetina and Pare turned up.  Marcel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 lo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862  only recall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12845250 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862  one visit as well.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035   At th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035  meeting }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12845250 between}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035  Rechimaier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 , Vetina and Pare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035  there was a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11560404 rrangement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035  that Rechimaier would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 
come to Avarua School to meet up with Vetina and Pare.  Rechimaier gave Pare some wine in a wine bottle, she drank this.  Rechimaier then told Vetina she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 sh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 
ould drive because Pare had been drinking and he thought Pare was affected by the wine.  Pare agreed that she had drunk the wine and she was a little bit affected by it.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 
Her alcohol intake was confirmed in the results of the blood alcohol test administered after the accident.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6108862 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid409035 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [76]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 
Given that Rechimaier and his brother both confirm that there was only one visit to Rechimaier\rquote s home, I accept that evidence.  I do not accept the evidence of Pare about there being two visits.  I consider Pare\rquote s memory may not be accurate}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404  in that regard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 .  She had had something to drink }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 which while was only a small amount did affect her.  S}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 suffered from concussion following the accident.  Those }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 
incidents are likely to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 have blurred her memory.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid409035 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [77]\tab}Pare is the only one who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 doe}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 s remember the accident itself.  She recalled stopping at the roundabout immediately before the accident.  Vetina had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 taken }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 
the back road and then was intending to turn into the main road and drive from the airport direction toward Avarua School.  Rechimaier\rquote s house is on the back road and it was he who suggested they use the back road.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11560404 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid409035 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [78]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 Pare }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1794674 cannot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035  recall much of the drive but she said she was talking to Vetina.  She was leaning on Vetina\rquote 
s right shoulder, they were talking about Rechimaier.  She could not hear easily.  She thought they were riding at some}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 thing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 
 above 40 kilometres an hour.  She cannot remember any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 motor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 bikes passing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404  them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid409035 .  She said she was not looking toward the front}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404  but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 was looking down.  However she looked up and saw a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11560404 bright }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 light coming toward her.  She remembers nothing else.  She is sure that was a motorcycle light.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid409035 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [79]\tab}Under cross-examination she said that Vetina was excited that Rechimaier was coming to the 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 chool.  She also confirmed she was sure that it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 
one light of a motorcycle, not a car, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 with one light }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 coming toward them.  She also agreed that she was affected by the wine.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid409035 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [80]\tab}I consider }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 Pare\rquote s evidence in parts is reliable but I do not think she has a perfect recall of the evening.  Particularly I do not think she provides reliable assistance as to what happened immediately before the accident.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 I think her memory is unreliable as to what happened at the time of the accident as is evidenced by her recollection as to the number of visits made to Rechimaier\rquote s house.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 She may }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674 have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035  seen a motorcycle coming toward them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid409035  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 t is difficult to know whether that was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 Mahara\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid409035  motorcycle which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 collided with one other or if it was another motorcycle she saw coming toward them.  She does not recall any motorcycles }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 overtaking them.  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 owever she did recall that there was a motorcycle on the road coming toward them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404  but }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 was not sure whether that was the one which ultimately collided with them or it was another.  I am also of the view that she was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674 
 busy concentrating on a conversation trying to hear Vetina and she may well have missed seeing other vehicles on the road.  I therefore do not place a high reliance on her recall of what happened immediately before the accident.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid409035 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11560404 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [81]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9011186 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 I now t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674 urn to the bystanders in the vicinity of the accident.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9011186 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1794674 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [82]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid131359 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674 Tungane Lockin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11560404 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674 ton }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid131359 to whom I referred earlier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674  holds the rank of senior constable.  As I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid131359 noted above}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1794674  she was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid131359 off duty and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674 
driving from the airport doing approximately 40 kilometres an hour and drove past Palace Takeaways.  It was around then that she says she was overtaken by the black scooter driven by a male with a female passenger.  She did not see anyone else.  It was on
ly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid131359 moments afterwards }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674 that she came across the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid131359  accident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid131359   S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674 he would not enter any conjecture as to who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid131359 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674 was ri}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid131359 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674 ing the motorcycle.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid131359 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1794674 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [83]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674 When she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid131359 reached}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674  the accident site }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid131359 she had not long before been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674 
overtaken on the inside by that black motorcycle.  She saw the bodies strewn across the road.  She checked the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid131359 defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674 
 and smelled alcohol on him.  She noticed girls }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid131359 lying}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674  about 2 metres from each other in the middle of the road.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid131359 
  This would have been Vetina and Pare.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674   She called an ambulance.  She checked that everyone was as comfortable as possible}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid131359 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1794674  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid131359  W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674 hen Sergeant Takai arrived and his constable shortly afterwards she was directed to take up point\rquote 
s duty.  She saw Mrs Tixier at the accident.  She did not see Mrs A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid131359 marama who was also a bystander.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid131359  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674 owever she was not there to take a list of witnesses.  She also said that when the black scooter overtook her on the inside she could not remember if she had lost sight of it on the bend before the accident}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid131359  and it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674 had taken off as she was approaching the Punanga Nui market.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1794674\charrsid1647371 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [84]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9011186 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674\charrsid1647371 As I mentioned earlier I found Constable Lockin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid131359\charrsid1647371 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674\charrsid1647371 ton\rquote s evidence to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052\charrsid1647371 be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052 
 straightforward and reliable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1647371 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1647371  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052 I accept that she saw a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1647371 black }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052 motorcycle going in the same direction as she was travelling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1647371 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052 
 immediately before the accident.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1794674 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid5774052 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [85]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052 
Another witness I mentioned who says she saw the black motorcycle was Mrs Amarama.  As I described, she was in some confusion over the times but was adamant she saw the motorcycle.  As I said it was not until she gave evidence that she said that it was Ma
hara that was driving the motorcycle.  Nevertheless even if she was mistaken about it being Mahara it seems that her sighting of another motorcycle travelling in the direction of Avarua corroborates Officer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1647371 
Lockington}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052 \rquote s story of the black motorcycle.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid5774052 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [86]\tab}Mrs Ti
xier was driving from the airport direction toward Avarua.  She stopped at an intersection }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 near t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052 he accident scene.  She said a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6956653 motor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052 bike overtook her with two people on it.  She said a man was riding the bike and a woman was the pillion passenger}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052  they were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 both }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052 large.  She pulled over to let them pass.  She followed the motorbike toward Punanga Nui market.  She heard }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052  crash.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 Mrs Tixier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 
said in evidence that she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052 was sure that the rider of the black motorcycle that had overtaken her was Mahara.  
However she made a statement to the Police shortly after the collision.  In that statement she made no mention that it was Mahara driving or riding the motorcycle.  At the site she said she recognised him lying on the road covered in blood}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052  was there when the ambulance arrived.  She made much of the fact that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 Mahara}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052 
 had a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 distinctive }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052 beard which she recognised.  She said he looked slightly different in Court now but she was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463 
definitely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052 sure }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463 that it was him riding the bike.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 Mrs Tixier }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463 
told the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463 olice that
 she had seen the accident, this was in her statement to them shortly after the accident.  However in her evidence in Court she said she only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463 thought}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463  she had seen it and in fact she}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653  had only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463 
 heard it.  She had assumed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463  and told the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463 olice that at the time
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463 
 that it was a head-on collision with two vehicles coming from different directions.  However she is now of the view she could not be sure of that.  She said she just }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14821463 thought}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463  that.  She }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 estimated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463 
the black motor vehicle was travelling fast, perhaps 40 or 50 kilometres an hour.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5774052 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14821463 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [87]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463 
Mrs Tixier was also not certain about the time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463 
.  She did not have a watch.  She thought it was early morning.  When she was asked in cross-examination whether she knew accident actually occurred about 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 .00 am}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14821463 , she asked whether Ms Mills was sure about that.  At one stage she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 said she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463 
thought it was close to dawn.  I consider Ms Tixier probably did see a motorcycle pass her but I have considerable reservations about whether she was able to identify Mahara.  This is due to the fact that the lighting was bad,
 that she said the motorcycle went past quickly and that she did not mention this important fact to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463 olice shortly after the accident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463   However, the fact that she saw a black motorbike is consistent with the observation of Officer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1647371 Lockington}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 s well as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463 Mrs Amarama.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7087044 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [88]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14821463 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7087044 Mrs Amarama was one of the first people on the scene. She said she saw a woman coming from the hedge }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 yelling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7087044  about }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7087044 her brother}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6956653 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7087044 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7087044 It appears likely that this was Mahara\rquote s sister Aniwa Nicholas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7087044  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653  S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7087044 he was also affected by drink}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 
 and could not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7087044 remember how she got to the accident site}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7087044  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653  S}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7087044 he remembers holding Mahara, she cannot recall the girls bodies in the middle of the road nor can she recall much of the evening i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553 
tself. It appears that she stayed with Mahara but it is not clear whether she moved him or whether she was just talking to him and holding his hands.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14821463 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4153553 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [89]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553 
Tehina Tommy came along a bit later and she moved Vetina into a recovery position at the request of Sergeant Takai. She}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653  said she}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553 
 moved Vetina on to her side and straightened her up. She said someone }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553 moved }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid542519 Pare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553  while Ms Tommy was there. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 Ms Tommy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553  did not see the black motorbike }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 nor can }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553 she recall the direction f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 aced by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553  Vetina\rquote s motorcycle. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4153553 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [90]\tab}Sergeant Takai and Constable Ingaua were also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6956653 one of the first}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553  at the crash site. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553 
They had been attending a crash at Raro Electrical on the airport side of the Punanganui Market and were driving to attend another crash which had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 reported}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553 
. The crash occurred near the Courthouse in Avarua and they were driving from the airport side into Avarua, they came across this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 accident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553 Sergeant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6956653 Takai }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553 considers that it was about 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2912269 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553 14-15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2912269  am}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553  when they came across the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2912269 accident}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553 . They saw Officer Lockington\rquote s car lights flashing. When they arrived at the scene, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553\charrsid2912269 
Sergeant received a call from Police communications at 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2912269\charrsid2912269 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553\charrsid2912269 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2912269\charrsid2912269  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553\charrsid2912269 am }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2912269\charrsid2912269 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2912269 report this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553 
 accident. He said they were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2912269 already }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553 there. I consider }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2912269 Sergeant Takai gave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4153553  the most reliable estimate of the time of the accident as it was corroborated by the Police communications call and by his notes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2912269 concerning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553 
 the time he was at the Raro Electrical crash site. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4153553\charrsid2429172 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [91]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6117530 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553\charrsid2429172 He said the two girls, Vetina and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid542519\charrsid2429172 
Pare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553\charrsid2429172  were in the centre of the road on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553  in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6558002 land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553 
 side. Sergeant Takai was understandably concerned about the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 state of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4153553 victims as a priority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530 e checked them all. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530 
He managed the site}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172  B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530 
y this stage there were many bystanders and a lot of traffic. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 Understandably h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530 e was not focused on the cause of the accident }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2429172 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530 or indeed any markings or debris on the road}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530 
 might later be needed to assist in establishing the cause. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid6117530 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [92]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530 
A fire truck arrived at the incident and those officers were also helping out. Sergeant Takai moved Vetina\rquote s bike}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2429172  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2429172 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [93]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2429172 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530 e said that by the time he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2429172 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530 arrived, someone had already moved Mahara\rquote s bike as it was standing up. As I said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 , Sergeant Takai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6117530  was quite properly intent on helping the victims and controlling the crow}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530  and the cars which were trying to get through. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 He did a rough sketch of the scene although it is not clear exactly when he did this. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530 There were no measurements to scale on the sketches he produced. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530 Constable Ingaua did not agree with some of the information on the Sergeants sketch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530 
 in particular the location of some of the bodies. She was in the view that the girl in the market or the seaward side of the road by the curb had her head facing the airport and her legs facing Avarua rather than as depicted on the Sergeant\rquote 
s plan. She also though}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530  that the male victim, which would have been Mahara should have been depicted as lying straighter than shown on the sketch. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid2429172 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [94]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6117530 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530 
he victims were taken to hospital, having awaited approximately 40 minutes for the ambulance. Sergeant Takai }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530 
arranged for the fire truck to hose down the road to clear the road of blood, debris and other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5535735 materials such as plastic and glass. He then allowed the traffic to go through. He arranged for}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172  Lisa Tatakura, an off duty policewoman, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5535735 to take photos at about }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 3am. These photos were produced.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5535735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5535735 hey are not very clear. One of them is the approach to the accident which is difficult to see having been t
aken at night looking towards the police cordon at the airport end. The other one was also very unclear but showed two jandals in the foreground in what was apparently a pool of blood. It is not clear whether the fire truck had hosed down }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5535735\charrsid4722637 the road at the time this photo was taken. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172\charrsid4722637 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5535735\charrsid4722637 
he pool of blood did not look similar to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5535735  the markings on the road which were taken the next day. The jandals do not appear in any police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 sketches}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5535735  including the investigators scheme plans. It is likely therefore that they were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637  hosed away after the 3am photo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5535735 s were taken but 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 that was not in evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5535735 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6117530 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid5535735 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [95]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5535735 
No measurements were taken at the time of where the debris w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5535735  nor were there any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2429172 scale or precise }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5535735 markings or measurements made as to where the bodies were lying. The bodies and the bikes as I said, were moved at various stages during the evening. Given th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5535735  confusion, I would not rely on the sketches that Sergeant Takai made at the time a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 s accurate.  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5535735 t was this information which }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 later }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5535735 the crash investigator relied on for his diagrams. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid5535735 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [96]\tab}The witnesses who were at the site all agreed there were a lot of peo
ple gathered by the time the a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 mbulances arrived to take the victims to the hospital. There were also other vehicles on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 and near }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7816705 the site at least }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 including }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 the fire truck. It is not clear where that was or whether that made any markings on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 road}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 . In relation to the position of the bodies, it is not clear when they were changed during the night but by the time Mrs Tau, Vetina\rquote s aunt arrived, she said that Vetina
\rquote s head was near the curb and her head was facing the market. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637  This is different from earlier descriptions of her position.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 One of Mrs Tau\rquote 
s nephews who was with the fire truck had already arrived and he was holding Vetina\rquote s hand.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5535735 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7816705 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [97]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 
As I said, it is not clear where everything was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 
the time Sergeant Takai did the sketch map. Presumably the bodies had gone and the debris removed. He was relying on his memory after a very busy and stressful evening. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7816705 Constable Ingaua in fact did not agree with the Sergeant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 
 placement in two respects on the sketch plan. There was no attempt to sketch where the debris was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705  including}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705  for instance what might have ultimately become important e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 vidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705  such as the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15678402 footrest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705  from Mahara\rquote s black motorcycle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637  which the Crown alleged hit the ground and broke off}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7816705 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 That of course is quite understandable given the fact that it was a serious accident and S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670 er}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670 ean}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 t Takai had priorities to care for the victims and manage the site.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4722637  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705  In addition there were two other accidents which had been reported}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637  so t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 he hospital was busy }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 and this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 resulted in substantial delays }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 before }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 the ambulance}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705  arriv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7816705 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [98]\tab}The road was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 reopened}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637  C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 
ars and vehicles used that portion of the road from the time it was reopened until the morning when the traffic accident investigator arrived. He arrived as the road was being cordoned off. He received a call sometime about 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 am}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 
, he was at the Nikao station, so by the time he got to the accident it was after 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637 am}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 By that time there would have been many vehicles, cars and motorbikes that had gone over that road. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4722637  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 Rarotonga was very busy }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670 during }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670 celebrations was at the time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 In addition, S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670 er}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670 ean}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 t Takai had left the motorcycles on the side of the road. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 He picked them up the next morning about 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670 am}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7816705 He did}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 t think they}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670  ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 d been interfered with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670  T}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 he vehicles were taken back to the police station. However, he agreed there was no security around them while they waited on the side of the road for the morning.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid7816705 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [99]\tab}I consider that the positioning of the bodies and the motorbikes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670 on the sketch plans }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 were not a reliable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670 representation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705  of where they fell}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730670  at the time of the accident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 
While it seems clear that Vetina and Pare were somewhere near the centre of the road, I would be hesitant to rely on the exact positioning shown in the sketch plans. The pools of blood by the morning had been cleaned up and it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834  i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 s difficult to match the pools of blood that are indicated in the morning photographs with those from the photograp
hs taken the evening before or the early morning by Constable Lisa Tatakura.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10117599 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [100]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 
I now turn to the accident investigation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 Snr Sgt Teaukura is the officer who carried out the crash investigation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14439834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 He has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 received }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 specialised training in traffic law enforcement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599  crash investigations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599  He set out his training which included a level 3 advanced training course in crash investigations undertaken in 2015.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10117599  He prepared a report which he produced as well as two sketch plans showing the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 placement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599  of the motorcycles, the bodies a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 s well as the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599  markings he observed on the road. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 He referred to 
photographs which were taken that morning }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 while he was there.  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 e correlated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10117599 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599  markings on his sketch maps to the photographs by use of numbers. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14439834 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [101]\tab}Snr Sgt Teaukura }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 
arrived at the scene some 7 or 8 hours after the accident. When he arrived Senior Sergeant Peraua was on the scene}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 
showed where he had been told the various bodies and motorcycles }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 had been positioned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14439834 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [102]\tab}Snr Sgt Teaukura }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 
said the seal on the road was new. The conditions were good }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 at the time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 
and he was able to see some markings on the road. He saw scratch marks and stains which he said were blood stains although there was no evidence of any analysis of that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 .  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10117599 e also saw a bit of a skid mark.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834\charrsid14439834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 
Sergeant Takai later confirmed to Snr Sgt Teaukura where the various bodies and items had been lying.  Of course the road was clear by then and the road had been hosed down.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816705 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10117599 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [103]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14439834 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 He examined the motor vehicles but he was careful to say he did not claim expertise in the mechanical or structur
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 al state of those vehicles.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10117599 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [104]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6117530 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 While the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 crash investigator}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10117599  insisted that he was not an expert }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 did he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10117599 claim mechanical or structural expertise in relation to the damage of the vehicles, he did }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 visually }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 inspect the vehicles. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 He looked at the damage and said the front of the red bikes ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 d it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 
s forks pushed in, the left side of the fender was damaged and the headlights were pulled off. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 He said t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 he}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599  footrest on the left side was bent back. He made these comments by reference to the photographs of the bike. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14439834 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [105]\tab}As to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 black bike, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 he said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 the cover on the left side was coming off}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 he footrest on the left side was gone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14439834 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10117599 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid542519  rear vision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623  mirror was broken off on the left side}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14439834 .  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 e saw no damage to the right side of either bike. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14439834 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14439834 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [106]\tab}The investigator }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 said the black b}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid542519 ike was owned by Raro Cars and B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 ike }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid542519 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 ental. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  The \'85\'85..\'85.. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 on the red bike}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 
 the headlight compartment including the speedometer was badly damaged. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 This is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 the front forks }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 had been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 pushed to the rear. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14696623 He concluded that another object }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 forced the red bike}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 s front forks from the front and that would have been a head on or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 almost head on collision which caused that.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623  He said the tyres were intact.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid12657781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [107]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 The Snr Sgt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623  referred to a typing mistake in his report which had not been corrected}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  I}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 n the sketch plan the male body had been transposed with the female pillion passenger}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 
 body on the sketch plan. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 He could not recall how many blood stain patches there were on the road. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 He used a green }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 paint}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623  to spray }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 \'85\'85\'85\'85 }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 the scratch marks, a gouge mark, the skid mark and the blood patches.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623  He marked the road with that. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 He then allocated numbers to the various marks on the road which co-related to the photographs.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid12657781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [108]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12657781 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 The investigator\rquote s view was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 
that the black bike left footrest had made a gouge on the road which he marked on his sketch plan as being the suspected }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 point of impact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 \'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 He referred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 suspected }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 point }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 of impact\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14696623 on one of the sketch plans. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 On his other sketch plan he referred to it as the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 \'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 point of impact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14696623  He also measured scratch marks which were beyond the gouge marks and began at approximately 2.8 metres from the seaward edge of the road. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  This r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14696623 an for approximately 10 metres in a crooked line seaward.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623  The scratch mark then stopped at about 1.6 metres from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 seaward side. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9245178 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [109]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12657781 drew on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 the sketch maps a centre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 line o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 n}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178  the road of bold broken lines}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9245178 e said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 was for the purposes of the diagram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  and t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9245178 hat there were no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 actual }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 markings on the road }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 
show the centre line on the morning of the crash. S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 ince the accident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 , lines had been marked on the road. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 He returned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 to the accident site }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 
recently and re-measured from the edge of the road to the centre lines. This resulted in a variation on his original measurements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781  This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 , he said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12657781 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178  was a small variation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3089843 so}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178  the gouge mark or the point of impact as he had described it was 700mm from the centre line rather than 900mm from the centre line that had been his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3089843 conclusion in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 original sketch.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14696623 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid9245178 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [110]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6117530 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 Neither of the two sketch plans }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 produced }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 were to scale. Both were based on the information provided by Sergeant Takai as to where the bodies and motorcycles end up. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 
The skid marks on the road which ran for about 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 entimetres}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 
 about or just before the point of impact, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 were shown at the same place as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 the gouge as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 they were }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 so short that they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 could }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 
depicted in a linear manner on the sketches. His conclusion was that Mahara had been driving toward the airport and veered across the centre line into Vetina\rquote s lan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9245178  resulting in a head on collision. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid3089843 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [111]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 Snr Sgt Teaukura }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 said Mahara\rquote s motorcycle footrest had caused the gouge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178  the left side of Mahara\rquote 
s motor vehicle had continued along the road coming to rest at the end or toward the end of the sc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055599 ratch mark. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055599 
His theory was that Vetina had been driving correctly on the seaward side and Mahara had veered toward her at speed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055599 e marked the point of impact as being }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055599 the gouge marks }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 were mounted on the plan.  However }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055599 
he said that it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843  wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055599 s more likely that the point of impact would have been before the gouge 
marks. He said that the motorcycles would have flown into the air and landed somewhere near the middle of the road. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 On the face of them, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055599 
he sketch plans indicate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055599  that the Sgt\rquote s theory of what occurred was an actual fact. For instance, instead of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3089843 being marked as a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055599  gouge mark, that mark is referred to as the point of impact. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843  However i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055599 
t would not have been the point }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 given the Snr Sgt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055599 \rquote s own evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1055599  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055599 he sketch maps indicate that various lines which had been drawn were the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 actual }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055599 routes of travel of the two motorcycles before the collision. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843  However}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055599  they were Sgt Teaukura\rquote 
s theory of where those motorcycles were travelling.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9245178 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid4065216 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [112]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 
It is often difficult to separate fact from inference in these cases however, care needs to be ensured in sketch plans to show that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 what is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 factual information }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 what is inference or theory otherwise it indicates that there is a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4065216  hypothesis or a supposition a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 re to be taken as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4065216 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 There are other difficulties with the sketches, the first as I have said they are not to scale and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3089843 it is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 difficult to correlate the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 to the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 photographs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3089843 despite the \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 the photographs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid150082 to match the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 sketch p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 lan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 s. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 he pools of blood are not marked on the sketch plans and of course there is no debris shown on the sketch plans because there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 
s no debris }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 left }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 on the road }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 by the time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 investigator}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216  arrived.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1055599 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid150082 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [113]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4065216 he motorcycles were not properly examined. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 
Sergeant Teaukura was careful to say that he was not an expert in the area. He had not undertaken a proper structural }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 
mechanical inspection of the bikes. That was a perfectly proper response to give}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082  However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 in particular, he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 could }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 give evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4065216 about the brakes or what type of condition the bikes had been in before or after}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082  the accident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216  He said he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 left that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 aspect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4065216 to the officer in charge. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 He did indicate that he had made a mistake }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 n that he missed looking at the rubber tyres on the bike so he was unable to correlate any marks on the tyres themselves to the skid mark. Therefore, apart from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 investigator}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 \rquote s theory of the case, it is not clear }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 from the evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 
which motorcycle caused the skid marks. According to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 Snr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 gt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 
, skid mark}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216  come before the scratch marks so on his theory of the case it must have been Mahara\rquote 
s bike around the time the footrest on the left had side made the gouge on the road. However, he candidly accepted that he had made a mistake in not looking }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11095778 
at the tyres and as I noted the footrest has not been found.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4065216 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid150082 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [114]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11095778 he footrest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 might have been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11095778 swept u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 p with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11095778 
 the debris when it was cleaned up on the night of the accident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11095778  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11095778 
t is also possible that the bike did not have a footrest to start with. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11095778 Importantly, there w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11095778  no report}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11095778  on the bikes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11095778 
 condition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14817259 , before or after the accident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14817259  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14817259 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14817259  in charge indicated that the rental }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14379580 company that owned Mahara\rquote 
s motorcycle had carried out a report but no e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 vidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14379580  of that was given. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14379580 He also said the bikes did have current warrants of fitness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14379580  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14379580 here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 fore there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14379580  is no e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 vidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14379580  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 as t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14379580 o the structural or mechanical position with the motorcycles other than the observations of Sgt Teaukura and the photographs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 
of the motorcycles }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14379580 from which it is very difficult to make any assumptions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11095778 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid150082 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [115]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14379580 he road was left open. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14379580 
It was a busy night, there were lots of people moving around as I have said, there was a period of about 7 hours when cars were going backwards and forwards on that site.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 
 Therefore, the possibility that other cars or vehicles had caused marks during that period cannot be entirely discounted. The road had been cleaned with a fire hose, no evidence was given as to the pressure or the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid150082 extent of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 clean}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 ing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 so i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 t is uncer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 tain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220  as to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid150082 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220  other surface markings caused in the accident were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 removed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 by the cleaning. 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14379580 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1267551 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [116]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10825220 
here was no examination to match the tyres of the motorcycles to the skid marks nor was any detail about the nature of the skid marks. For instance, whether they had striations or otherwise which might have indicated which direction the vehicles were trav
elling.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220  It is impossible to tell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 from the photographs. 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10825220 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [117]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10825220 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 In cross-examination the S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 nr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10825220  Sgt Teaukura was unwilling to accept any other theory of the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551  than the one put forward by him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1267551  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 He was subjected to rigorous cross-examination in this regard and he was clear that his theory of the case was the only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 possibility}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 
He was clear that he was reliant on the physical evidence and that the evidence of any person about what happened would have been irrelevant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid10825220 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [118]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 
I consider that it would have been useful if the Senior Sergeant had considered other theories of the case particularly if he had known that there was some suggestion that there was another motorbike in the vicinity. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1267551  As to the physical evidence, he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 no measurements o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1267551 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220  the motorbikes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 despite his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 observations }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 
on the likely cause of damage to them.  F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 or instance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 
 there was no information as to height or the distance between the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 location of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 left foot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 pedal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220  or where it would have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 
 and the height of the bike which may have given some indication of who caused the marks. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 The fact that there was no in depth on the state of the bikes }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 concern.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220  Nor was there any attempt to re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid542519 -e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 
nact the accident as sometimes happens to show how the damage might have occurred. This sometimes happens when crash investigators }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 reassemble }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 
the bikes and then show them coming together to illustrate what might have happened in the accident.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid14642257 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [119]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14642257 
Sgt Teaukura was working with limited information.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14642257  I ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14642257 
 concerns about the accuracy of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 sketches }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14642257 that he used given that they were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 supplied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14642257  by Sgt Takai after the event.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14642257  He did not have the benefit of the debris}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868 
, the road had been cleaned o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 ff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868 , he did not view the scene until }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid542519 seven}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1473868  hours after the accident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551  and b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868 y that time, it had been cleaned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 presumably with some pressure by }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868 a fire hose. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868 He did not have any information about the structural}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 
 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868  mechanical assessment of the vehicles to know whether they had any defects, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 so }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868 he could not really comment }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 reliably }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868 about the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868  of the damage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1267551 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868 e had just done a visual examination. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868 He had not looked at the tyres. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10825220 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid1267551 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [120]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 As indicated above, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868 I am concerned about the crash investigation evidence and do not consider that a high degree of reliance can be placed on that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 alone }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868 
as to what }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 actually }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868 occurred. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid542519 addition,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868  it seems there was another motorbike travelling quite quickly toward the scene of the accident from the airport }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868 moments before the collision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868  There is some suggestion it was Mahara however, whether it was Mahara or a third party i}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868  irrelevant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868  was a factor that should have been taken into account in considering what might have happened.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13912460  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13912460 here was another motor vehicle which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13912460 
fficer Lockington said passed her at speed and undertook a reckless manouver around her vehicle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13912460  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13912460 t may }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 for instance }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13912460 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1267551 clipped }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13912460 Vetina\rquote s motorcycle so that she swerved into Mahara\rquote s path causing him to swerve to the other side of the road. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13912460 
That is a possibility. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13912460 While there was no damage to the rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13912460 
 of either motorcycle, according to Sgt Teaukura}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13912460  I cannot discount the possibility there was another motor vehicle which came from the airport direction and }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009 hit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13912460  one of the other motorcycles causing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009  one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13912460 
 motorcycle to swerve. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473868 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid13912460 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [121]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13912460 In addition, Vetina was chatting to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid542519 Pare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13912460  who was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009 leaning }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13912460 on her right shoulder.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13912460  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid542519 Pare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11215963  described Vetina as excited }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009 
that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11215963  Reichmaier }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11215963 coming to the school. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid542519 Pare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11215963  says it was hard to hear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11215963  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009  T}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11215963 hey were probably both straining and their weight would have been on the right side of the cycle.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11215963 
 In my view, it is also possible that Vetina had crossed the centre line in a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid542519 moment\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11215963 
 inattention and it was Mahara who was swerving across to avoid her. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13912460 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11215963 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [122]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11215963 
However, it is not for the defence to prove }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009 its or any alternative }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11215963 theory of the case. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11215963 It is up to the Crown to prove all the elements of the case beyond reasonable doubt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11215963 As is clear from my judgment I have }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11215963 
reasonable doubt as to whether it was Mahara who caused the act or omission which led to the death of Vetina and the injury of the pillion passengers. Therefore the elements of the case are not proved beyond reasonable doubt. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid11215963 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [123]\tab}In those circumstances, Mr Nicholas is acquitted of all charges.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15293895 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [124]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15293895 There will be an order for}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009 :
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15293895 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-709\li1418\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid15271009 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15293895 the return of the bond and the passport}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009 ;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15293895 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15293895 
the return of the exhibits, or such of them that still exist}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009 ;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe2057\langnp5129\langfenp2057\insrsid15271009 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [125]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15271009 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009 Mr George indicates he wishes to apply for costs.  Counsel will put together a timetable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15293895 application }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15293895 the exchange of submissions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009  on that issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15293895 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009  These should }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15293895 be addressed on the law as well as the facts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271009 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11215963 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11215963 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5535735 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7422064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7422064 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15991601\charrsid8916318 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qr \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2957707 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2957707 _______________________
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qr \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10037944 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2957707 Justice Grice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16481892 
\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1902557\charrsid1902557 
\par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100e9de0fbfff0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb4ec3301045f748fc83e52d4a
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