{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f39\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f43\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f379\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f380\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}
{\f382\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f383\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f386\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f387\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
{\f409\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f410\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f412\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f413\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\f416\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f417\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}
{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}
{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;
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{\mmathPr\mmathFont34\mbrkBin0\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\title CROWNRUL}{\author AISTOND}{\operator baleimatuku_l}{\creatim\yr2014\mo2\dy11\hr13\min50}
{\revtim\yr2015\mo2\dy10\hr17\min46}{\printim\yr2013\mo9\dy18\hr14\min11}{\version4}{\edmins19}{\nofpages8}{\nofwords2757}{\nofchars15719}{\*\company Department for Courts}{\nofcharsws18440}{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/o
ffice/word/2003/wordml}}\paperw11906\paperh16838\margl2268\margr1440\margt1440\margb1418\gutter0\ltrsect 
\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves0\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont1\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata0\grfdocevents0\validatexml1\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors1\noxlattoyen
\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow0\jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\nojkernpunct\rsidroot2416 \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}
\ilfomacatclnup0{\*\template p:\\apps\\office2007\\templates\\Non-Contemp\\Criminal_Ruling_Crown_template_1_2.dot}{\*\ftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9994187 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9994187 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9994187 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9994187 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid12931994\sftnbj {\headerl \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\insrsid7276604 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7276604 1}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\insrsid7276604 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7276604 
\par }}{\headerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\insrsid7276604 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12665140 2}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\insrsid7276604 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7276604 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s38\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14421519 IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE COOK ISLANDS
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4260966\charrsid14421519 HELD AT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14421519 RAROTONGA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4260966\charrsid14421519 
\par (CRIMINAL DIVISION)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid8397606\charrsid14421519 JP appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid413885\charrsid14421519  no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid7613589\charrsid14421519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid13044426\charrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid8937396\charrsid14421519 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14688200\charrsid14421519 /1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid7613589\charrsid14421519 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid8397606\charrsid14421519 (CR }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid12665140 296}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid8397606\charrsid14421519 /13)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid8397606\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid11299811\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s41\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8937396\charrsid14421519 IN THE MATTER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8937396\charrsid14421519 of Section 76(1) of the Judicature Act 1980-81}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8937396\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8937396\charrsid14421519 AND
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8937396\charrsid14421519 IN THE MATTER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8937396\charrsid14421519 of an Application to appeal a decision of a Justice of the Peace on conviction of an offence under the Transport Act 1966
\par 
\par BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8937396\charrsid14421519 TIARE DOLLY KELLEHER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8937396\charrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8937396\charrsid14421519 of Rarotonga, Cook Islands
\par Appellant
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8937396\charrsid14421519 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8937396\charrsid14421519 COOK ISLANDS POLICE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid8937396\charrsid14421519  of Rarotonga, Cook Islands
\par Respondent
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s41\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s40\ql \fi-1418\li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid14421519 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14421519 Hearing:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7613589\charrsid14421519 11 September 2013}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11429189\charrsid14421519 Appearances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14421519 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9839457\charrsid14421519 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8397606\charrsid14421519 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11429189\charrsid14421519  M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8397606\charrsid14421519  Henry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11539353\charrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2032014\charrsid14421519 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11539353\charrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11429189\charrsid14421519 the Crown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11429189\charrsid14421519 Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8937396\charrsid14421519 M Mitchell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11429189\charrsid14421519  for the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14421519 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14421519 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11429189\charrsid14421519 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11558888\charrsid14421519  September}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15871517\charrsid14421519  201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11429189\charrsid14421519 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11299811\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 JUDGMENT OF WESTON CJ
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16540744\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 On 26 March 2013 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16455809\charrsid14421519 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 ppellant Ms Kelleher was found guilty }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 (following a trial before a single Justice of the Peace) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 
of refusing to undertake a breathalyser test on 1 February 2013}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 breach}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519  s 28B(4)(a) of the Transport Amendment Act 2007}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2124557\charrsid14421519  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2124557\charrsid14421519 the Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2124557\charrsid14421519 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 She was subsequently convicted and sentenced.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid13373378 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3826232\charrsid14421519 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519  Appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 appealed the conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 n her Notice of Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 raised a number of grounds of appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 In advancing her case today, Mr Mitchell structured these slightly differently to both the Notice of Appeal and his written submissions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 In the end}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519  though}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519  there are two fundamental grounds raised by him which are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16455809\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519  first, a constitutional challenge and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16455809\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519  secondly, and as an alternative, that it would be unsafe to convict in the circumstances of this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 Both of these arguments hinge on the prior point that the learned JP erred in her written decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16455809\charrsid14421519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16455809 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid16455809\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16455809\charrsid14421519 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 uring the course of the hearing it became common ground that the reasons which are set out in paragraph 3 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2124557\charrsid14421519 the JP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2124557\charrsid14421519 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519  written decision do not support the conclusions reached by her.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 Consequently the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3826232\charrsid14421519 Police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 accepted that the appeal must succeed and the real issue was what would be the consequences thereafter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 
Neither counsel wanted me to remit the case for further consideration by a JP.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 
Both argued that I should fully resolve the matter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2124557\charrsid14421519  on the basis of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 current materials.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 The Facts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 I now set out a brief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16455809\charrsid14421519 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 ummary of the facts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 On the night in question, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3826232\charrsid14421519 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 Appellant was stopped at the Avana bridge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 here was a Police roadblock there and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8917008\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519  for material purposes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8917008\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519  two mal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8917008\charrsid14421519 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519  police officers were conducting the roadblock.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 Appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid9979611\charrsid14421519 was allowed to proceed and the two officers, for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8917008\charrsid14421519  reasons that they had explained in evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2124557\charrsid14421519  (but which were less than compelling)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8917008\charrsid14421519 , followed after her.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8917008\charrsid14421519 She was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8917008\charrsid14421519 stopped for a second time and told that she would need to go to the Police station at Avarua for a breathalyser test.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8917008\charrsid14421519 She requested that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8917008\charrsid14421519 female constable accompany her and the Police arranged for one to attend.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid8917008\charrsid14421519 There was then a discussion between the Police officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519  and the Appellant before she went to the station with the female constable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2124557\charrsid14421519 core }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519 
factual issues focus on what happened at the Police station when the female constable and the Appellant arrived there.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3826232 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2124557\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2124557\charrsid14421519 
The evidence clearly establishes that the Appellant accompanied the female constable to the station because she believed she would otherwise be arrested.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2124557\charrsid14421519 The Appellant was subsequently arrested at the station some time after her arrival.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid2124557 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 The Legislation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 I now set out }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519 s 28B (1), (2), (3) and (4) and also s 29 (1) of the Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 28B. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 Who must undergo breathalyser test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 
 - (1) Where a constable has reasonable cause to suspect that a person \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \fi-425\li1701\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5913434\charrsid14421519 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 
is driving or attempting to drive or is in charge of a motor vehicle on a road; or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5913434\charrsid14421519 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 has recently been driving or attempting to drive or has been in charge of a motor vehicle on a road; or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5913434\charrsid14421519 (c)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 
was the driver or person in charge of a motor vehicle which was involved in a motor vehicle crash,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 
the constable may, subject to section 28F, require that person to provide without delay a specimen of breath for a breathalyser test.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5913434\charrsid14421519 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 A person who undergoes a breathalyser test shall remain at the place where the person underwent the test until after the result of the test is ascertained.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 (3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5913434\charrsid14421519 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 The breathalyser test referred to in subsection (2) shall be conducted on the spot where such person is apprehended or at the nearest police station.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 (4)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5913434\charrsid14421519 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 A person who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5913434\charrsid14421519 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li1134\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 refuses to undergo a breathalyser test; or
\par (b) refuses to remain at the place pursuant to subsection (2),}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077\charrsid14421519 commits an offence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3891077 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5913434\charrsid14421519 29. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5913434\charrsid14421519 Power of arrest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5913434\charrsid14421519 
 - (1) A constable may arrest a person without warrant if the constable has reasonable cause to suspect that that person has reasonable cause to suspect that that person has committed an offence under the following sections }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5913434 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5913434\charrsid14421519 (a) section 28(1)(a);
\par (b) section 28(l)(b);
\par (c) section 28A(a);
\par (d) section 28A(b);
\par (e) section 28B(4);
\par (g) section 28C(3);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5913434 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 The Constitution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4064683\charrsid14421519 al}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519  Argument}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519 
The essential issue put in dispute by Mr Mitchell is whether there is a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5913434\charrsid14421519  statutory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4064683\charrsid14421519 right}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519  on the part of the Police to compel a driver to come with them to the Police station if there is a requirement that they attend there for a breathalyser test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4064683\charrsid14421519  (rather than at the roadside where they are stopped)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519 
He accepts there is a power for the breathalyser test to be undertaken at the station but says there is a gap in the legislation because it does not provide for a power to compel the driver to be taken to the station}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid5913434\charrsid14421519  to have the test administered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519 
This argument was not raised by Mr Mitchell before the JP but I am satisfied he can raise it as a fresh argument now because there are no factual matters which would have needed to have been proved for it to be advanced.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519 
Mr Mitchell made a strong argument that this was a gap in the legislation and it was not one that could be filled in any legitimate way by the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519 In support of that submission, he referred to an earlier decision of mine given in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519 Police v Reid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519  and he quoted an extract from it which I now }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 repeat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519 Drink driving legislation such as the Transport Amendment Act is highly prescriptive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519 If there are gaps in the procedure the Act should be interpreted in a way consistent with important ri
ghts as recognised in the Constitution rather than by trying to assist the Police to make the process work}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177\charrsid14421519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 
As I explained to Mr Mitchell in the course of argument I thought I had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 put the matter slightly clumsily.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 My point, which I think is apparent, is that the invasive requirement to provide a breathalyser test was the reason why drink driving legislation was required to be prescriptive.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 In the Cook Islands this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 position must be strengthened by the strong constitutional provisions and part
icularly those set out in Article 64(1)(a) about freedom and security of the person.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 
I have little doubt that the Court is not here to fill gaps in the legislation if such gaps exist.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 It seems to me that the issue for the Court is whether there is such a fatal gap in this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 
section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 
 or whether by a proper means of construing s 28B and s 29(1) it is possible to arrive at the conclusion that the Act provides for compulsion when it comes to requiring a person to attend at the Police station.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 It is accepted that if Mr Mitchell}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 constitutional }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 point succeeds th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 en}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519  everything that follows is tainted by the failure at that point.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 Mr Mitchell argues that the Appellant was threatened }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 at the roadside }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 with arrest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519  and only went to the station because of that.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519  relied on two particular statutory provisions to illustrate his point.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 The first of these comes from the same amending Act and is s 28C(2) which specifically provides}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519  (deleting irrelevant text)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 every person who fails or refuses to accompany a constable to a hospital, police station, to permit a blood specimen to be taken commits an offence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid202177 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 
He submitted that the legislature specifically referred to the very eventuality that s 28B is silent on.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 Therefore the gap in 28B is apparent by contrast with s 28C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 
Secondly, he referred to the New Zealand legislation being the Land Transport Act 1998, s 69 and 72, which appears to go even further.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 The relevant sections provide affirmatively that a person must accompany an officer to the required place and, as a second step,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519  that they}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519  may be arrested if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 they do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519  not.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 
Mr Mitchell then went on to submit that the current s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 ec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 
tion, s 28B, could overcome the current failure by adding a further provision to s 28B(4) in the following terms:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 refuses to accompany a constable to the nearest Police station when required to do so}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 
He says that the absence of a provision in those terms is fatal and that if I were to imply a right to compel attendance I would be filling a gap in the legislation that should not be filled for the reasons already }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 described}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600\charrsid14421519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 
During the course of argument I put to Mr Mitchell the following scenario.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 
I asked him to assume that a driver had been stopped by a constable in terms of s 28B(1) and had been required to provide a specimen of breath for a breathalyser test.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 In conjunction with subsection (3) the Police officer had requested the driver to provide the breathalyser test at the nearest Police station.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 While I have set that
 out as if it were several different propositions I imagine that the request would be made all in the one.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 Indeed that appears to be how the standard Police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4064683\charrsid14421519 checklist}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519  in clause 14 would put it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 The point there is set out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 I require you to accompany me to the Police station at Rarotonga for the purpose of undergoing an evidential breath test, blood test or both.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 
That, it seems to me, would be a lawful requirement in terms of s 28B.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 
If the driver refused to accompany the constable at that point, it seems to me clearly the case that the driver }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 would be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519  refusing to undergo a breathalyser test in terms of subsection (4).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 That being the case, the powers of arrest in s 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 (1)(e)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519  would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 be engaged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 driver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519  would be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 li}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 able to be arrested.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3175600 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 
Mr Mitchell argued that that was to take too broad an interpretation of s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 28B(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 (a) which speaks in terms of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 refuses to undergo a breathalyser test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 
Mr Mitchell emphasised that the words did not refer to the conveyance of the person to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 the place of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 the breathalyser test, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 simply the breathalyser test itself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid293664\charrsid14421519 This I think is very much at the heart of this issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid293664\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid293664\charrsid14421519 The Crown submitted that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4064683\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid293664\charrsid14421519  by necessary inference}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4064683\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid293664\charrsid14421519 
 the power to require a breathalyser test at the nearest Police station must also include a power to compel attendance at the Police station for that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 very }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid293664\charrsid14421519 purpose.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid293664 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 Mr Mitchell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492\charrsid14421519 s arguments were persuasive }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid293664\charrsid14421519 and have given me considerable pause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519  for reflection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid293664\charrsid14421519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid293664\charrsid14421519 As I said }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 to counsel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid293664\charrsid14421519 
at the outset of the hearing, my provisional view was that this was not a large gap in the Act and there was scope to see how by necessary implication one could arrive at the conclusion that compulsion was inherent within the Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid293664\charrsid14421519 I have found the references by Mr Mitchell to s 28C }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4064683\charrsid14421519 and to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid293664\charrsid14421519  the New Zealand legislation powerful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7412307\charrsid14421519 arguments }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 to the contrary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid293664\charrsid14421519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid3365492 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid293664\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid293664\charrsid14421519 Ultimately}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid293664\charrsid14421519  and on balance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid293664\charrsid14421519  I have concluded that this is not a large gap.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid293664\charrsid14421519 I believe that by necessary implication the power to require a breath test at the Police station}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid917833\charrsid14421519  must include the power to compel attendance for the purposes of undertaking that breath test.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 Specifically, I reject Mr Mitchell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 s argument at [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 ] above.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid917833\charrsid14421519 
That then disposes of the first point raised by Mr Mitchell.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid917833\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid917833\charrsid14421519 
There was what might be called a sub-point in which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4064683\charrsid14421519 Mr Mitchell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid917833\charrsid14421519 
 argued that by reference to the wording in s 28B(1) the constable who formed the view necessary to stop the driver and then require the breathalyser must be the same constable who attends right the way through the process.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid917833\charrsid14421519 I do not think that is right.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid917833\charrsid14421519 It seems to me that the constable who has reasonable cause to suspect that a person is driving must be the constable who requires the breath test then to be taken.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid917833\charrsid14421519 Other than that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid917833\charrsid14421519  though, it does not seem to me a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989\charrsid14421519 requirement that the constable who conducts the actual breathalyser test at the station needs to be the same constable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989\charrsid14421519 I cannot state that as an absolute in every case because there may be circumstances in which the chang
e of personnel would be important.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989\charrsid14421519 However}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989\charrsid14421519  in the present case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989\charrsid14421519 
 I cannot see any problem with that which would result in a finding favourable to the Appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid293664 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 Evidence:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 Conviction unsafe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid10754989\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989\charrsid14421519 I therefore turn to the second issue }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid4064683\charrsid14421519 on appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989\charrsid14421519 which is whether the decision is unsafe.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989\charrsid14421519 At this point I set out the finding of the JP in paragraphs numbered 3.1 and 3.2}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519  of her written decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989\charrsid14421519 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989\charrsid14421519 3.1\tab Was the defendant informed and made aware that she was to undertake a breathalyser test?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989\charrsid14421519 Ms Kelleher in her evidenc
e told the Court that when stopped the second time, Acting Sergeant Tararo told her that she will have to undergo a breathalyser test, he produced a tube that she has to blow in but then she refused and instead requested for a female Police officer which 
the Acting Sergeant Tararo complied to her request.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989\charrsid14421519 3.2\tab That the relevant checklist, Drink Driving Checklist, for undertaking breathalyser test was not completed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989\charrsid14421519 Constable Tatakura did not complete the relevant checklist because the defendant refused to give the relevant information without her lawyer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989\charrsid14421519 Ms Kelleher was given the opportunity to call her lawyer instead she rang home.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989\charrsid14421519 
Refusing to provide the relevant information therefore did not allow for Constable Tatakura to complete the checklist.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 
It seems to me the JP correctly identified the core issue which was whether the defendant was informed and made aware she was to undertake a breathalyser test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 
, which requirement she then refused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 However, and with respect, the reasoning given by her in the first ground focuses at the wrong point of time and also mis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 records the actual evidence given by the witnesses at page 26 of the transcript.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 
The JP is focussing on what happened at the roadside whereas she should have focussed on what was happening at the Police station.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid10754989 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 
The second reason given by the JP focuses on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 standard Police }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 checklist which, in this case, the female constable did not utilise.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 I will talk about that shortly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 The second sentence of her reasons which refers to an opportunity }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 for the Appellant }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 to call her lawyer seems to me, with respect, beside the point and I do not address it further.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 set out the Justice of the Peace}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 s key reasoning.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 This is a relatively small part of a two-page written decision produced by her within an hour or so of the hearing concluding.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 I commend her diligence and the arrangement of the arguments as set out in her written decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 There is much there to commend and I endorse the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 current }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 process of the JPs that they should produce written decisions of this dimension.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1517407 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 Having said that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519  though}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14239969\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 
 it is common ground that the reasons given by her in this case do not address the core issue which is what happened at the Police station.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 There is therefore no finding as to that.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 That is material because the evidence of the female Police constable on the one hand and the evidence of the Appellant on the other are completely at odds.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1517407 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 
On the one hand the constable is quite clear that she requested the Appellant to take the necessary breath test at the Police station.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 This can be seen at pages 13 and 14 of the transcript.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 Notwithstanding cross-examination she remained firm on this.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1517407 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 
But equally the Appellant was clear that she was not requested to give a breath test at the Police station and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1517407\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519  although she was cross-examined on that, she}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1517407\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519  too}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1517407\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519  remained firm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 This can be seen at pages 27 to 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1517407\charrsid14421519  of the transcript}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 
I do not think I am able to resolve this conflict in the evidence simply by reading the transcript.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 I did not hear the witnesses and in the absence of a finding by the JP I think it would be wrong for me to substitute some finding on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1517407\charrsid14421519 the basis only of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 that transcript.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 What I have done is look at the wider picture to see whether there are other factors wh
ich might help me form a view.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 First, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 Mr Mitchell referred to the fact that the constable did not fill in the usual checklist which is required by the Police for use in these circumstances.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 He produced a copy of this checklist which has the following words at the head of it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1517407\charrsid14421519 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1517407 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 This document is intended to be used as notes made at the time by the enforcement officer therefore it should be filled out contemporaneously}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 
The constable was cross-examined as to why she did not fill in this form and she came up with the reason that she did not know the name of the driver of the car and that the Appellant would not provide those details.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519 Consequently}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519  she said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7276604\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519  in the absence of these preliminary details}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12931994\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734\charrsid14421519  she could not go on and complete the form.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14222945\charrsid14421519 With respect, that is an unacceptable answer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14222945\charrsid14421519 There}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1517407\charrsid14421519  was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14222945\charrsid14421519  no good reason given by her as to why she could not fill in the form.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14222945\charrsid14421519 If she had done so and had made notes contemporaneously with her actions that would have been powerful evidence supporting the evidence that she gave under oath.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid16204734 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid12931994\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12931994\charrsid14421519 Secondly, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14222945\charrsid14421519 I have already referred to clause 14 of this checklist.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14222945\charrsid14421519 I draw attention to clause 16 as well.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14222945\charrsid14421519 This refers to the powers under s 28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1517407\charrsid14421519 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519  to require a blood test if a person refuses to give a breathalyser test.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 In this case it is clear that the Appellant was not asked to give a blood test which would be the usual process if a driver had refused a breathalyser test.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 This also was relied on by Mr Mitchell and seems to be another factor in his client}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 s favour.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14222945 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 
The third matter relied on by Mr Mitchell was that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid1517407\charrsid14421519 , in addition to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519  the checklist, which I have just mentioned, there was no other contemporaneous record kept by the female Police constable which would support her side of the argument.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 Finally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12931994\charrsid14421519 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519  Mr Mitchell referred to the subsequent arrest of his client by the female Police constable.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 
He noted that there was conflict in the evidence given by her as to why she had done that.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 Her evidence fluctuated between an arrest because the Appellant had fail
ed to give a breathalyser test on the one hand and because she was making threatening movements towards her on the other.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 
As part of this Mr Mitchell noted that Police job sheet made no reference to the arrest.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 It seems to me that these various
 factors combined powerfully support Mr Mitchell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 
s argument that a conviction would not be safe.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 
In other words, is there evidence that one could rely on to assume that the case had been proved beyond reasonable doubt?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 I do not believe there is.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7412307\charrsid14421519 Result}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732\charrsid14421519 
For these reasons I allow the appeal and set aside the conviction on the grounds that it would be unsafe to find the Appellant guilty of the charge for which she was originally convicted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7412307\charrsid14421519 The sentence imposed upon her is vacated.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid11294732 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519\charrsid14421519 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s24 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid7412307\charrsid14421519 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7412307\charrsid14421519 I will receive memoranda as to costs}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12931994\charrsid14421519 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7412307\charrsid14421519 Mr Mitchell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7412307\charrsid14421519 
s within 2 days and Ms Henry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid14421519 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7412307\charrsid14421519 s in another 2 days}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12931994\charrsid14421519  thereafter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid7412307\charrsid14421519 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid15273478\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12931994\charrsid14421519 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s24\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12072339\charrsid14421519 _______________________
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid413002\charrsid14421519 Tom Weston}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid12072339\charrsid14421519 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\insrsid413002\charrsid14421519 Chief Justice
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