{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch37\stshfhich37\stshfbi37\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}
{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f35\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial Unicode MS;}
{\f36\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria{\*\falt Cambria};}{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri{\*\falt Arial Rounded MT Bold};}
{\f39\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Univers{\*\falt Arial};}{\f40\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}@Arial Unicode MS;}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria{\*\falt Cambria};}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri{\*\falt Arial Rounded MT Bold};}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f337\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f338\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f340\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f341\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f342\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f343\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f344\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f345\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f347\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}
{\f348\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\f350\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f351\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f352\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}
{\f353\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f354\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f355\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f357\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}
{\f358\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f360\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f361\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f362\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}
{\f363\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f364\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f365\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}{\f677\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}
{\f678\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f680\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f681\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f684\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}
{\f685\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f689\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f687\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS CE;}{\f688\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}
{\f690\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f691\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Tur;}{\f692\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}
{\f693\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}{\f694\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f695\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}
{\f696\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}{\f697\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE{\*\falt Cambria};}{\f698\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr{\*\falt Cambria};}
{\f700\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek{\*\falt Cambria};}{\f701\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur{\*\falt Cambria};}{\f704\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic{\*\falt Cambria};}
{\f705\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese){\*\falt Cambria};}{\f707\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE{\*\falt Arial Rounded MT Bold};}{\f708\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr{\*\falt Arial Rounded MT Bold};}
{\f710\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek{\*\falt Arial Rounded MT Bold};}{\f711\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur{\*\falt Arial Rounded MT Bold};}{\f714\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic{\*\falt Arial Rounded MT Bold};}
{\f715\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese){\*\falt Arial Rounded MT Bold};}{\f739\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f737\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS CE;}
{\f738\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}{\f740\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f741\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Tur;}{\f742\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}
{\f743\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}{\f744\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f745\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}
{\f746\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE{\*\falt Cambria};}
{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr{\*\falt Cambria};}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek{\*\falt Cambria};}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur{\*\falt Cambria};}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic{\*\falt Cambria};}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese){\*\falt Cambria};}
{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE{\*\falt Arial Rounded MT Bold};}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr{\*\falt Arial Rounded MT Bold};}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek{\*\falt Arial Rounded MT Bold};}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur{\*\falt Arial Rounded MT Bold};}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic{\*\falt Arial Rounded MT Bold};}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese){\*\falt Arial Rounded MT Bold};}
{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;
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\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;\red90\green90\blue90;\red79\green129\blue189;}{\*\defchp \f37 }{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
}\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 
\snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid3742035 Normal;}{\s1\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f36\fs32\lang2057\langfe5129\kerning32\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink15 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid862997 heading 1;}{\s2\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1
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\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink16 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid862997 heading 2;}{\s3\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs26\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f36\fs26\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink17 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid862997 heading 3;}{\s4\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1
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\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f39\fs26\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink19 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid862997 heading 5;}{\s6\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1
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\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink20 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid862997 heading 6;}{\s7\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink21 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid862997 heading 7;}{\s8\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel7\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink22 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid862997 heading 8;}{\s9\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f36\fs22\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink23 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid862997 heading 9;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority1 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat Normal Table;}{\*
\cs15 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f36\fs32\kerning32 \sbasedon10 \slink1 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid862997 Heading 1 Char;}{\*\cs16 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f36\fs28 
\sbasedon10 \slink2 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid862997 Heading 2 Char;}{\*\cs17 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f36\fs26 \sbasedon10 \slink3 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid862997 Heading 3 Char;}{\*\cs18 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28 \sbasedon10 \slink4 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid862997 Heading 4 Char;}{\*\cs19 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs26 
\sbasedon10 \slink5 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid862997 Heading 5 Char;}{\*\cs20 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b \sbasedon10 \slink6 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid862997 Heading 6 Char;}{\*\cs21 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24 \sbasedon10 \slink7 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid862997 Heading 7 Char;}{\*\cs22 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24 \sbasedon10 \slink8 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid862997 
Heading 8 Char;}{\*\cs23 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f36 \sbasedon10 \slink9 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid862997 Heading 9 Char;}{\s24\qc \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs32\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f36\fs32\lang2057\langfe5129\kerning28\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink25 \sqformat \spriority10 \styrsid862997 Title;}{\*\cs25 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f36\fs32\kerning28 \sbasedon10 \slink24 \slocked \spriority10 \styrsid862997 Title Char;}{
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13960469 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\titlepg\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid11560712\sftnbj {\headerl \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s54\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952539 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\field{\*\fldinst {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs56\insrsid13960469 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt }}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs56\insrsid13960469 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s54\qj \li0\ri360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0\pararsid11560712 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13960469 
\par }}{\headerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s54\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6952539 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs56\insrsid13960469 PAGE  }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs56\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10176741 7}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs56\insrsid13960469 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s54\qj \li0\ri360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0\pararsid11560712 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13960469 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s43\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5007818\charrsid15690090 IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE COOK ISLANDS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3742035\charrsid15690090 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5007818\charrsid15690090 HELD AT RAROTONGA
\par (CRIMINAL DIVISION)
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s45\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid6912603\charrsid7681955 CR NO.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid4271219\charrsid7681955  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid6912603\charrsid7681955 137/2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid3742035\charrsid7681955 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s45\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\noproof0\langnp2057\insrsid3742035\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s47\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11366612\charrsid15690090 POLICE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3742035\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s47\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3742035\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s48\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3742035\charrsid7681955 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s48\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3742035\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s47\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6912603\charrsid15690090 YVONNE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 TEVAIA ALEXIAS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6912603\charrsid15690090 QUARTER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3742035\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s46\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3742035\charrsid15690090 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5007818\charrsid7681955 Date}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1867036\charrsid7681955 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2302308\charrsid15690090 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4271219\charrsid15690090 
 April 2011}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3742035\charrsid15690090 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid5007818\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid5007818\charrsid7681955 Counsel:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12847005\charrsid15690090 Ms C Evans for the Crown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11825473\charrsid15690090 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6385327 Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12847005\charrsid15690090 N George for Informant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5007818\charrsid15690090 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12847005\charrsid15690090 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid7362910\charrsid7681955 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid12668517\charrsid7681955 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2302308\charrsid15690090 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4271219\charrsid15690090  April 2011}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3742035\charrsid15690090 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5007818 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\insrsid15690090\charrsid7681955 JUDGMENT OF HUGH WILLIAMS J
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\ul\insrsid6912603\charrsid15690090 Solicitors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6912603\charrsid15690090 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11366612\charrsid15690090 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6912603\charrsid15690090 C Evans, Crown Law Office, Avarua, Rarotonga 
\par N George, Norman George & Associates, Avarua, Rarotonga 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3742035\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 This is a Crown appeal against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327 s for suppression of Mrs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 Quarter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 s name and the amount she stole}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327  entered on 24 February }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 2011 when she pleaded guilty to an amended charge of theft as a servant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 s for suppression were made b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327 y a Justice of the Peace and Ms }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 Evans brings this appeal on behalf of the Crown \endash  pretty much as a test case \endash  to set the
 guidelines for the way in which such matters should be dealt with henceforth in the Cook Islands.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9588068 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 
The Court has jurisdiction to prohibit the publication of names and to forbid reporting of the whole or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327 part of the proceedings under s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 25 of the Crimin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327 al Justice Act 1967 and s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327 6 of the Criminal Procedure Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 1980-81.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7362910 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 
s actually made by the Justice of the Peace on entering the conviction and remanding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327  Mrs Quarter for sentence on 24 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 February}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 2011 were, first, reducing the amount stolen by Mrs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 Quarter from her employer from $77,346.00 to $30,000.00, and then}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7362910 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10176741 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 he application by the defence counsel to suppress amounts charged is granted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 Application for name suppression is granted up to the sentencing date.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 In fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327  the Information against Mrs Quarter was filed on 3 February }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 2009 allegi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327 ng theft as a servant in the 18 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 months or so pri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327 or to that date, and on 18 June }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 2009 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090 was made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 \endash  coincidentally by the same Justice of the Peace \endash  fo}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327 r suppressing Mrs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 Quarter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 s name}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 That }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 
 was continued over a number of subsequent appearances in Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548\charrsid15690090 
None of the original}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327  suppression of 18 June }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 2009, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 
s continuing the suppression on subsequent appearances nor, as mentioned, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327  on 24 February }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 2011 were accompanied by any reasons for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 
s being made, and the Crown brings this as a test case in consequence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14313548 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid6385327 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327 For the respondent, Mr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 George argues, first, that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090  suppressing publication of the amount of money stolen relat
ed only to the amount originally charged and not that arrived at by negotiation between counsel for the Crown and the defence in the run up to the hearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 Secondly, he says that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
reasons }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 for suppression of name would have been manifest to the Just}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327 
ice of the Peace as Mrs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 Quarter was then heavily pregnant and her confinement was due within a week or two and, he said, hospitalisation was expected.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 They were, as he put it, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 humanitarian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090  grounds for the suppression even though not recorded by the Justice of the Peace.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 While that may be so, it is difficult to see how those grounds could apply to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 
s for suppression of name made before about mid-2010.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 
Turning to the issue of principle, the questions of appropriateness of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 
s suppressing names of defendants in criminal proceedings and other details of the prosecution have been a vexed topic over many years in many jurisdictions, even if not previously discussed and decided upon the Cook Islands.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327 In New Zealand s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 140 of the Criminal Justice Act 1976 contains provisions similar to the Cook Islands provision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327  in ss }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 138 and 140, and they have been examined by many Courts particularly over recent years.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 The current law in New Zealand is conveniently summarised in the decision of the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 Lewis v Wilson & Horton Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14360064 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid13960469 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13960469  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid13960469 
Lewis v Wilson & Horton Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid13960469  CA131/00 29\~August\~2000.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 The facts in that case which gave rise, first, to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090  for suppression and then to the appeal were unusual and although related by the Court of Appeal in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090 needs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090  no recital in this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 
However, from paragraph [40] onwards the Court of Appeal reviewed the pre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090 cedent which underpins}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327  ss }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 138 and 140.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 It started from the general principle that criminal prosecutions are \endash  other than in special circumstances \endash 
 conducted in Courts which are open to the public and to their surrogate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090  the Press}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090  and accordingly whether a defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 s name or other details of their case are published starts from the standpoint that publication should be permitted unless circumstances show that to be inappropriate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 That has been the case since at least }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154\charrsid15690090 Scott v Scott}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\i\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14360064 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\super\insrsid13960469 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13960469  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid13960469 Scott v Scott }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid13960469\charrsid14360064 (citation)}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090  in the House of Lords.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 That has been continued through a number of New Zealand cases including }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 R v Liddell,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\i\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s51\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14360064 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs53\super\insrsid13960469 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13960469  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\insrsid13960469 R v Liddell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\insrsid13960469  [1995] 1 NZLR 538 at 546-7.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 
where the Court of Appeal stressed that publications of names and other particulars relating to the prosecution of criminal defendants always starts from a presumption of reporting.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 Lewis v Wilson & Horton Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090  the Court of Appeal went on to say:}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid11877154 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10176741 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 [42]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 
Factors it is usual to take into account in deciding whether the prima facie presumption should be displaced n the case include:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 whether the person whose name is suppressed is acquitted or convicted.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 If acquitted, the Court may more readily apply the power to prohibit publication, although in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 R v Liddell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090  the Court recognised (in adoption of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 R v D(G)
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090  (1991) 63 CCC (3d) 134) that the public has an interest in acquittals also;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 the seriousness of the offending.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 Where a person is convicted of a serious crime it will only be in rare cases that name suppression will be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 ed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 Where the charge is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 truly trivial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15690090 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 , particular damage caused by publicity may outweigh any real public interest (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 
R v Liddell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090  at 547);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 
adverse impact upon the prospects for rehabilitation of a person convicted: see, for example, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 B v B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090  (Hig}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6385327 h Court Auckland, 4/92, 6 April }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 1993, Blanchard\~J);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 
the public interest in knowing the character of the person seeking name suppression, an interest which has been acknowledged in cases involving sexual offending, dishonesty, and drug use (see, for example, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 R v Liddell; M v Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090  (1999) 8 CRNZ 14; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 Roberts v Police}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090  (1989) 4 CRNZ 429); and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 circumstances personal to the person appearing before 
the Court, his family, or those who work with him and impact upon financial and professional interests.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 
As it is usual for distress, embarrassment, and adverse personal and financial consequences to attend criminal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 proceeding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 s, some damage out of the ordinary and disproportionate to the public interest in open justice in the particular case is required to displace the presumption in favour of reporting.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9795367 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10176741 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 [43]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 The Judge must identify and weigh the interests, public and private, which are relevant in the particular case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 It will be necessary to confront the principle of open justice and on what basis it should yield.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 And s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6385327 ince the Judge is required by s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 3 to apply the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6385327  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 1990, it will be necessary for the Judge to consider whether in the circumstances the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6385327 
prohibiting publication under s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 140 is a r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6385327 easonable limitation upon the s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 14 right to receive and impart information such as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society (the test pro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6385327 vided by s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 5).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367\charrsid15690090 
Given the congruence of these important considerations, the balance must come down clearly in favour of suppression if the prima facie presumption in favour of open reporting is to be overcome.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9795367 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 Pausing at that point to revert to the position in the Cook Islands, although there is nothing entirely comparable in the Cook Islands to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327  New Zealand Bill of Rights Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 
1990, freedom of expression is vouched safe to persons in the Cook Islands by Article 64 of the Cook Islands Constitution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3362362\charrsid15690090 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090  and the openness of Court proceedings and availability of information is now supported indirectly by the passage of the Official Information Act in this country.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 Reverting to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 Lewis v Wilson & Horton Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3362362\charrsid15690090 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090  one of the grounds of appeal there was that the District Court Judge who originally dealt with the issue in the way described in the case failed to give appropriate reasons for the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 
s he made suppressing the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 s name.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 Although lengthy, in a pa
ssage which may be of assistance to the Justices of the Peace in the Cook Islands, it is pertinent to cite from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 Lewis v Wilson & Horton Limited:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10176741 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [74]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
The Full Court considered that the case was one where the Judge was obliged to give reasons. It did not g
rant judicial review on that basis, however, although it indicated that if the matter had come before it on appeal it might well have granted the appeal on the grounds of lack of reasons alone. It is not clear why the Full Court drew the distinction.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10176741 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [75]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
There is no invariable rule established by New Zealand case law that courts must give reasons for their decisions. That is a proposition which may seem surprising. Many may think that it is the function of professional Judges to give reasons for their dec
isions. And in recent years the general proposition has been steadily eroded in the United Kingdom and Australia, although in Canada the traditional view seems still to be adhered to (see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 R v Harrow Crown Court: ex parte Dave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [1994] 1 WLR 98; }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 Eagil Trust Co Ltd v Pigott-Brown }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
[1985] 3 All ER 119; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 Flannery v Halifax Estate Agencies Ltd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [2000] 1 WLR 377 (CA);. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
Housing Commission of New South Wales v Tatmar Pastoral Co Pty Ltd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [1983] 3 NSWLR 378, 386 per Mahoney JA; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 Public Service Board of New South Wales }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 Osmond }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 (1986) 159 CLR 656, 667 per Gibbs CJ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 Soulemezis v Dudley (Holdings) Pty Ltd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
(1987) 10 NSWLR 247; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 R v Barrett }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
[1995] 1 SCR 752, 753; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 R v R }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
[1996] 2 SCR 291, 336).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10176741 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [76]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
There are three main reasons why the provision by reasons by Judges is desirable. Others are identified in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 Singh v Department of Labour }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 (1999) NZAR 258, 262-3. Most importantly, the provision of reasons by a Judge is an important part of openness in the ad
ministration of justice. The principle of open justice in criminal proceedings is affirmed by s138(1) of the Criminal Justice Act 1985 and s25(a) of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, but it is far older in observance and extends beyond criminal pro
ceedings (although it is of particular importance there). It yields only where the application of the general rule in the particular circumstances of the case would frustrate the interests of justice, and then only to the extent necessary: (}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 Broadcasting Corporation v Attorney-General }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
[1982] 1 NZLR 120, 123 per Woodhouse P; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 Attorney-General v Leveller Magazine Ltd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [1979] AC 440, 450 per Lord Diplock; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 Police v O}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 Connor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [1992] 1 NZLR 87, 95-96 per Thomas J). There were no special circumstances in the present case which required modification of the principle of open justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10176741 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [77]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
Moreover, the lack of reasons in the present case failed to correct irregularities in the conduct of the hearing. It was understandable that the Judge should have acceded to the request
 from the police prosecutor to see counsel for the appellant and the prosecutor in Chambers. But it was a course which carried special risks for the principle of open justice. It made it incumbent on the Judge to take care in communicating his eventual de
c
ision. In the event, the interests of open justice were not served. As the transcript of the proceedings indicates, the public exchanges between counsel, the police prosecutor and the Judge proceeded by allusion to the written material and what had transp
ired in Chambers. The case would have been largely unintelligible to anyone present in Court. It effectively proceeded on a basis understood only by those who had participated in the Chambers hearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10176741 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [78]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 It was a breach of the principles of open justice 
that the submissions on disposition in a criminal case were received in private and the summary of facts was taken as read in circumstances where the Judge did not then refer to them in reasons delivered in open court. Submissions on disposition may be re
ceived in writing and on a confidential basis only in exceptional circumstances (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 Broadcasting Corporation v Attorney-General }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 at 122-123 per Woodhouse P; at 127-128 per Cooke J; at 132-133, 135-136 per Richardson J). As a result of the way the matter was han
dled, the exercise of judicial function was effectively withheld from public scrutiny. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10176741 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [79]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
The principle of open justice serves a wider purpose than the interests represented in the particular case. It is critical to the maintenance of public confidence
 in the system of justice. Without reasons, it may not be possible to understand why judicial authority has been used in a particular way. The public is excluded from decision-making in the courts. Judicial accountability, which is maintained primarily th
rough the requirement that justice be administered in public, is undermined.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10176741 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [80]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
The second main reason why it said Judges must give reasons is that failure to do so means that the lawfulness of what is done cannot be assessed by a court exercising superv
isory jurisdiction. Those who exercise power must keep within the limits imposed by law. They must address the right questions and they must correctly apply the law. The assurance that they will do so is provided by the supervisory and appellate courts. I
t
 is fundamental to the rule of law. The supervisory jurisdiction is the means by which those affected by judicial orders, but who are not parties to the determination and who have no rights of appeal or rehearing, obtain redress. Their right to seek such 
r
eview is affirmed by s27 of the New Zealand Bill of Rights 1990. It is important that sufficient reasons are given to enable someone affected to know why the decision was made and to be able to be satisfied that it was lawful. Without such obligation, the
 right to seek judicial review of a determination will in many cases be undermined.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10176741 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [81]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
The reasons may be abbreviated. In some cases they will be evident without express reference. What is necessary, and why it is necessary was described in relation to t
he Civil Service Appeal Board (a body which carried out a judicial function) by Lord Donaldson MR in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
R v Civil Service Appeal Board, ex parte Cunningham }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [1991] 4 All ER 310, 319:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
. . . the board should have given outline reasons suffi
cient to show to what they were directing their mind and thereby indirectly showing not whether their decision was right or wrong, which is a matter solely for them, but whether their decision was lawful. Any other conclusion would reduce the board to the
 status of a freewheeling palm tree. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13581270 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10176741 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [82]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 The third main basis for giving reasons is that th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid10176741 ey provide a discipline for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
Judge which is the best protection against wrong or arbitrary decisions and inconsistent delivery of justice. In the present case it is hard to believe that the Judge would have granted the order if he had formally marshalled his reasons for doing so.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10176741 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [83]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 In New Zealand, the leading case on provision of reasons is }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 R v Awatere }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
[1982] 1 NZLR 644, 648-649. The Court declined to lay down }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 an inflexible rule of universal application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 , while recognising that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 it must always be good judicial practice to provide a reasoned decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 . The same view was taken by the majority in a differently constituted Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 R v MacPherson }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [1982] 1 NZLR 65
0. Somers J was prepared to go further. He would have held in that case that it was implicit in the right of appeal conferred by the Summary Proceedings Act 1957 that the Judge was under a duty to make }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 such findings or express such reasons or conclusions 
as in the particular circumstances are necessary to render the right of appeal effective}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 R v MacPherson }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 at 652). Such reasons, he thought, would not need to be elaborate and would add little to what is usually done in New Zealand courts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10176741 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [84]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 R v Awatere }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 was considered and applied in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 R v Jefferies }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [1999] 3 NZLR 211. That case confirmed that while the giving of sufficient reasons for decision is always highly desirable, it is not an inflexible requirement.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10176741 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [85]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
Whether it is time to say that as a general rule Judges must give reasons, is a matter this court would wish to consider at an early opportunity. In the present case however the point arose during argument and was not fully canvassed. It is not necessary 
to consider whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 R v Awatere }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
should be revisited. to dispose of the present case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10176741 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [86]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
In the present case the requirements of open justice in criminal proceedings, the right to impart and receive information recognised by s14 of the New Zealand Bill of
 Rights Act and the need to ensure that those whose rights were affected by the order had an effective opportunity to obtain judicial review, all made it incumbent upon the Judge to give reasons for the order prohibiting publication of the appellant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 s iden
tity. The High Court was right to say that the Judge was required to give reasons. The failure to give reasons in this case was an error of law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10176741 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 [87]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13581270\charrsid15690090 
We differ from the High Court as to the consequences. The error was not one which could be
 corrected only on appeal; as error of law, the failure to give reasons was a proper and distinct ground of judicial review. It was a sufficient ground, irrespective of whether it was not open to the Judge to grant the s140 application (as we have accepte
d
 to be the case) and without inferring failure to apply s14 of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 (as the High Court preferred to find). On this ground too the decision should have been set aside. In the normal course it would have been remitted to t
he District Court for determination in accordance with law. The conclusion already reached that the order was not open to the Judge on the material before him, makes such step unnecessary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid8608993 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe2057\langfenp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 That makes clear that an almost invariable consequence of the 
conduct of criminal proceedings in open Court with the availability of reporting necessitates judicial officers giving reasons for their decisions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 It is important to note in the context of this appeal and the practicalities of running a Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3362362\charrsid15690090 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090  of the Peace Court dealing with a large number of matters in the Cook Islands}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3362362\charrsid15690090 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090  that in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 Lewis v Wilson & Horton Limited }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 
the Court of Appeal said that the reasons may be abbreviated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s51\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs53\super\insrsid13960469 \chftn }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13960469  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid13960469 At [81].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090  or may be }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 evident without express reference}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 But the Court of Appeal made clear that however brief the reasons given may be, persons in the Court and the public at large through their surrogate}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3362362\charrsid15690090 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 
 the Press, are entitled to know something of the reasons the Court decided to take a particular action. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3362362 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid3362362\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid3362362\charrsid15690090 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 o in the case of suppression }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 
s in the Justices of the Peace Court in the Cook Islands it would ordinarily be sufficient if the Justice of the Peace merely noted down a line or two as to why suppression of name or any particulars of the proceeding was granted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 
But it cannot be the case that as a matter of course under however much pressure the Justice of the Peace may be on the day in question that the decision \endash  and something of the grounds for suppression \endash 
 is not announced in open Court and recorded in a way which can leave the decision open to appropriate appeal or review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid14360064 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 Reverting to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327 this case and assuming that Mrs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 Quarter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 s obvious pregnancy was the reason for the suppression }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090  being made \endash 
 even though not referred to by the Justice of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327  the Peace \endash  it remains, as Ms }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 Evans submitted, difficult to see why that circumstance of itself would justify suppression of name even within a close knit community such as the Cook Islands.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 Pregnancies are common place.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327 Mrs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 
Quarter must have conceived well after charged with these offences.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475\charrsid15690090 
Nobody would take amiss of a woman that she was pregnant even if she was a defendant in a criminal proceeding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090 
Criminal proceedings have no obvious link to pregnancy and, therefore, in these circumstances there seems no justifiable basis on which the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090 
 for suppression of name was made apart from the fact that it appears to be a continuation of the practice going on for a long period.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12848475 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090\charrsid15690090 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s49 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090 
That of itself, especially following the entering of a plea of guilty, is an insufficient basis for an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 order}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090  for suppression and the Crown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid15690090 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090 s appeal on the suppression issue and the necessity for reasons is accordingly allowed.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s49\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15690090 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6385327 Hugh Williams }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7362910\charrsid15690090 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid7362910 
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