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}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Plaintiff \par }\pard \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par }\pard \s22\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 AND \par }\pard \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par }\pard \s22\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 ASIATRUST LIMITED \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 First Defendant \par }\pard \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par }\pard \s22\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 AND \par }\pard \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par }\pard \s22\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 JOHN E CORK and SUSAN M CORK \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Second Defendants \par }\pard \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par }\pard \s22\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 AND \par }\pard \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par }\pard \s22\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 NATHAN A CORK and EMILIE M CORK \par }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Third Defendants \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 \f179\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\f0\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par Hearing: 7 December 2010 \par \par Counsel: A Grant and B Gibson for Applicant (First Defendant) \par T Manarangi for Respondents (Plaintiff) \par \par Judgment: 10 December 2010 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\b\f0\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 JUDGMENT OF GRICE J \par [Application for Security for Costs] \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 T Manarangi, Rarotonga \par BJ Gibson, Gibson\rquote s Law PC, Rarotonga \par }{\f0\ul\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Copy}{\f0\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 : \par A Grant, Auckland, New Zealand \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 \f179\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Gun Bo LLC, the Plaintiff in this matter, claims that Asiatrust Limited and the other Defendants have been involved in transfers of assets from a comp any which Gun Bo LLC obtained judgment against. That company, CW Capital Fund One LLC ("Capital") had insufficient assets to pay the judgment sum and interest, which is in the region of US$7\~million. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Asiatrust is the trustee for Los Cabos Trust, which is the Trust which Gun Bo LLC alleges received sums of money from Capital and the settlors of the Trust, John and Susan Cork. A claim is also made against the Corks as guarantors of the obligations of Ca pital. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Los Cabos Trust is registered as an International Trust under the Cook Islands International Trusts Act\~ 1984. That Act modifies laws applicable to International Trusts and provides limitation periods and various protections for those trusts. The litigation particularly involves the application of the provisions of that Act insofar as they protect the payments made to the Trust. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Gun Bo obtained a Mareva Injunction and ancillary Orders against the Defendants on an ex parte application. Those O rders, among other things, prevent the Defendants from dealing with any assets until further Order of the Court. An application by the First Defendant has been made to vary that Mareva Injunction. By consent that application has been adjourned for a heari ng. Further steps must be taken by each party, and a timetable has been put in place for those steps to occur. A separate Minute deals with the timetable directions. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The present application is an application for security for costs by the First Defendant ("Asiatrust"). It is opposed by the Plaintiff ("Gun Bo"). \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 It is common ground that the jurisdiction to require security for costs is discretionary. In the Cook Islands this jurisdiction is provided under s\~93(1) of the Judicature Act: \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 93.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 \f179\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\b\f0\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Security for costs}{\f0\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \endash (1) In any civil proceedings and at any stage thereof, the High Court may require a Plaintiff or applicant resident out of the jurisdiction of the High Court to deposit any sum of money as security for costs, and may stay the proceedin gs pending the making of such deposit. (2) When any sum has been so deposited as security for costs, it shall be disposed of in such manner as the Court directs. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 \f179\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Rules\~319, 320 and 321 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the High Court 1981 (Cook Island s) provide for the procedure. The Court may order a deposit of money or a bond. Mr\~Manarangi cited }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Agriculture Corp v McFarlane Laboratories Limited,}{ \cs25\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s24\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 \f179\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\cs25\super\insrsid12596071 \chftn }{\insrsid12596071 }{\i\f1\insrsid12596071 Agriculture Corp v McFarlane Laboratories}{\f1\insrsid12596071 }{\i\f1\insrsid12596071 (1984) Limited}{ \f1\insrsid12596071 (1987) 1 PRNZ 467.}}}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 which dealt with the New Zealand position under the old Code of Civil Procedure. McGechan\~ J laid down the following approach when considering the giving of security by a non-resident Plaintiff: \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 There is no inflexible principle that such a Plaintiff with no assets within the jurisdiction should normally be ordered to give security. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The Court's discretion is to be exercised by taking into account all the circumstances of the case and arriving at the conclusion which will do justice between the parties. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The ease and convenie nce of the cost of procedures in the Plaintiff's country of residence ordinarily was a primary consideration. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Otherwise, the principles involved are those applicable under r\~ 5.45(1)(b). \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Mr\~Manarangi also quoted }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 AS McLachlan Ltd v MEL Network Ltd,}{ \cs25\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s24\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 \f179\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\cs25\super\insrsid12596071 \chftn }{\insrsid12596071 }{\i\f1\insrsid12596071 AS McLachlan Ltd v MEL Network Ltd}{\f1\insrsid12596071 (2002) 16 PRNZ 747.}}}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 a decision of the New Zealand Court of Appeal which emphasised that while collections of authorities can be of assistance: \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 \f179\fs24\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\f0\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \'85 they cannot substitute for a careful assessment of the circumstances of the particular case. it is not a matter of going through a checklist of so called principles. That creates a risk that a factor accorded weight in a particular case will be given dis proportionate weight, or even treated as a requirement for the making or refusing of an order, in quite different circumstances. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 \f179\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The Applicant and Respondent approached their submissions under similar headings. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The factors affecting the discretion were largely common ground: \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \f3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 There is no onus or predisposition one way or the other. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \f3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The discretion involves a balancing exercise, taking into account the whole situation. While on the one hand, a Defendant should not be able to use an application for security to defeat an impecunious Plaintiff, the Plaintiff should not be permitted to use its inability pay to place pressure on the descendants (Bek, 9.8.3). \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \f3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The merits of the claim are relevant. The reasonable probability that the Plaintiff's impecuniosity has been caused by the descendants is also a relevant consideration. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \f3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Whether the Plaintiff has any assets within the jurisdiction, and the difficulty which would be involved in enforcing a costs order in a foreign country. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \f3\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Impecuniosity of the Plaintiff. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 I deal with each of those headings. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The merits of the claim \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 No statement of defence has yet been filed. Mr\~Grant, however, set out some of the defences likely to be pleaded. From those submissions it appears the defences are that the basic facts (subject to some arguments about dates) set out in the statement of claim are not in issue. He submits his defences will be: part of the cla im being time barred; the application of the definition of "creditor" and the lack of a cause of action of "unjust enrichment" which was pleaded by Gun Boh. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 I first deal with the cause of action issue. The cause of action based on "unjust enrichment" Mr Grant submits does not amount to a proper cause of action as all the elements that are necessary to sustain it are not present. In particular, there is no qualifying or vitiating factor, such as duress or illegality, which would put the claim into a pa rticular category under the umbrella of "unjust enrichment". \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Mr\~ Manarangi responds that the unjust enrichment claim is based on the failure to satisfy the final judgment of the Superior Court of Arizona against Capital and the Second Defendants. Mr\~Gr ant in his reply indicates he was not in a position to argue this matter in depth, but commented that the judgment was not the type of issue for which unjust enrichment would be based. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The law relating to unjust enrichment is developing. Restitution is recognised as the presumptive remedial response to "the cause of action in unjust enrichment".}{ \cs25\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s24\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 \f179\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\cs25\super\insrsid12596071 \chftn }{\insrsid12596071 }{\i\f1\insrsid12596071\charrsid15351010 Civil Remedies in New Zealand}{\f1\insrsid12596071 , Ed Blanchard Bookers Limited 2003 Wellington, see Chapter 8, para 8.2 p\~371, and }{\f1\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid1325007 general}{\f1\insrsid12596071 ly 366-372.}}}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The exact basis and anal ysis of "unjust enrichment" does not appear to have been robustly examined in New Zealand. It is clear, however, that while the commentators are divided about the extent and application of unjust enrichment as a cause of action, it is recognised by the co m mentators and, on its face, the present pleading may well ground the claim. This needs to be further argued. However, I am satisfied that the law recognises the concept of "unjust enrichment" as the basis of a cause of action. Whether the analysis is that unjust enrichment is merely a unifying legal concept which applies to a variety of distinct categories of case, where the obligation on the part of the Defendant to make a fair and just restitution for the benefits is derived at the expense of the Plainti ff or otherwise. For the present purposes I am satisfied that the matters to which Mr\~Manarangi points provide a basis for arguing a claim of unjust enrichment. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The Defendant also submits that the defence will be raised that the claim so far as it rel ates to a disposition of $800,000 made by Colorado West Inc. to the Trust is not able to be recovered since Colorado West Inc. was not a settlor of the Trust, and it is a requirement of s\~ 13B(12) that a disposition may be made by or on behalf of a settlor. Section 13B(12) defines the term "creditor" as meaning a creditor of the settlor and "includes any person who alleges a cause of action against a settlor". This does not appear to limit the disposition to one made by or on behalf of the settlor. The clai m appears to have merit on this head. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 A further argument that Mr\~Grant raised as to be pleaded in the statement of defence was whether the cause of action would be time barred by virtue of s\~ 13B(4). This is in relation to a claim for $2.5\~million which was settled on the Trust on 6\~June\~ 2008. The Plaintiff submits the cause of action in relation to that payment did not commence until demand was made of the Court pursuant to the guarantee on 13\~August\~2008. The First Defendant will contend that the caus e of action arose on the date when the moneys were due under the loan, 25\~June\~2008. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Mr\~Manarangi argues that the second cause of action is not within the deeming effect of s\~3B(3) of the Act, as the Plaintiff commenced proceedings on that cause of action before the Superior Court (a Court of competent jurisdiction) on 20\~November\~2008. That date being within one year of the transfer of $2.5\~million on 6\~June\~ 2008. It appears that the Plaintiff has a reasonable argument on this point from the, admittedly superficial, arguments that I have heard. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Therefore, I am of the view that the Plaintiff has a reasonable claim. That is, of course of necessity, a superficial analysis of the merits. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Residence of the Plaintiff \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The Plaintiff is a resident of Arizona. It has no assets in the Cook Islands. Mr\~ Park, a principal of the Plaintiff, has filed an unsworn affidavit which indicates he is a person of significant substance. The same affidavit indicates that the Plaintiff has a net of equity in the vicinity of US$1.9\~million. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Mr\~Manarangi argues that in a general approach the Court' s discretion must be exercised in the circumstances, and it is not conclusive that a non-resident Plaintiff has no assets within the jurisdiction which would normally be ordered to give security. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 I accept that the residence of the Plaintiff is only one factor. However, in this case that factor counts against the Plaintiff. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Plaintiff's financial substance \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Mr\~Manarangi argues that Mr\~Park is a person of significant substance. Mr\~Park had offered the Plaintiff an undertaking to the Court to pay any costs. Mr\~ Grant responded that such an undertaking would be unenforceable for all intents and purposes against Mr\~Park whose residence is unclear but is not based in the Cook Islands or New Zealand. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 It is clear from the unsworn affidavit filed by the Plaintiff himself that the Plaintiff is impecunious. Mr\~ Manarangi says that has been contributed to by the failure of the Defendants to pay the judgment to the Plaintiff. The equity position of the Plaintiff would have been considerably healthier if that judgment had been paid. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 As I have said, if the Defendants' conduct has caused the Plaintiff's impecuniosity it is a factor to be taken into account. In this case it appears from the statement of clai m that the Defendants have received funds from Capital against which the Plaintiff has received judgment. If Capital had been able to pay, the Plaintiff's financial position would be considerably better than it is today. I take that into account. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Conduct of the parties \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Mr\~ Manarangi submitted that the Court should have no sympathy for the Defendants as the Defendants had arranged or been involved in dispositions or transfers of assets which led to the Plaintiff being unable to recover the judgment. Mr\~ Grant replied that the Cook Islands International Trusts Act\~1984 provided procedural and limitation safeguards which the Defendants are entitled to take the benefit of and therefore no condemnation of their conduct should be taken into account. I was re ferred to the decision in }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The South Orange Grove (Case No. 2)}{\cs25\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s24\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 \f179\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\cs25\super\insrsid12596071 \chftn }{\insrsid12596071 }{\i\insrsid12596071 The }{ \i\f1\insrsid12596071 South Orange Grove (Case No. 2) }{\f1\insrsid12596071 (CA) 2 ITLR 482 and 4 ITELR 877.}}}{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 (CA). In that case the Cook Islands Court of Appeal rejected an argument that Parliament ever intends that fraud be condone d. I am advised that the legislation was amended after that case to deal with the issues raised by the Court of Appeal. However, the Court of Appeal dictum that Parliament never intends fraud to be condoned remains applicable. If assets have been transfer red to a Cook Islands Trust to avoid judgment as alleged in the statement of claim, the Defendants would be unlikely to find any sympathy extended by the Court. I do not find this issue weighs one way or the other in my assessment. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Should security be granted? \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 I am of the view that the Plaintiff should be required to pay or secure costs in this case. I have weighed up the matters raised by the parties. I find the Plaintiff has a reasonable case on the assessment able to be undertaken at present. Howeve r, the Plaintiff is impecunious and its assets are outside the jurisdiction. The fact that its principal, Mr\~Park, has funds does not mean that they are accessible by the Defendants, although the provision of an undertaking by Mr\~ Park (which has not been provided) would be a factor to be taken into account. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 I therefore turn to the amount that should be fixed. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Mr\~Grant for the Applicant submitted that, unlike New Zealand, the High Court in the Cook Islands could not order staged security for cos ts, or security be fixed on one or more occasions. He based this argument on the reference in s\~ 93(1) to "any sum" rather than "sums". He submitted that the section expressly contemplates the payment of one sum on one occasion and not several sums on sever al occasions. He also commented that the granting of staged security is a recent development under the New Zealand Rules and he had not been able to find any cases where this approach was adopted under the former (NZ) Code of Civil Procedure, which he ref e rred to as the model for the rules that currently govern the High Court of the Cook Islands. On that basis he submitted it was, as a matter of policy, unfair to allow a Plaintiff to commence and advance the litigation if it cannot give security for the wh ole of the costs to which a Defendant would be entitled. He further submitted that even if it were available in the Cook Islands, staged security would not be appropriate in this case as: \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The Court has jurisdiction to allow it to provide a bond as security, and in this case if it could not put up a bond then it is doubtful whether it would be able to pay the costs award that would be made against it if it failed in the proceedings. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 A se ries of applications for further security would incur more costs and delay would be substantial. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The costs are likely to be high during the early phases of the litigation and therefore a further application to increase the security would be necessary. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 It is not a detriment to the Plaintiff to have to provide for security as it is fully protected in the event that it is successful. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Mr\~Grant overlooks the specific wording of s\~93 which provides that the applicant for security can make an applica tion "at any stage". This also appears to have been the case in New Zealand under the old Code of Civil Procedure\~where the Court could fix a preliminary amount and grant leave to apply for further security later (}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Beck, Principles of Civil Procedure, Brooker & Friend 1992 at p\~164, }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 citing}{ \i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Aquaculture Corporation v McFarlane Laboratories(1984) Limited}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 (1987) 1 PRNZ 467.) In any event the requirement of further security would be available in the Court's inherent jurisdiction. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 I am satisfied that staged security may be required by the Court. In this case it may be particularly appropriate as Mr\~ Grant himself indicated in his oral submissions the difficulty of providing a legal budget as the likely costs of these proceedings. Staged security is often appropriate in those types of cases. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid1264981\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264981\charrsid14701518 Mr }{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Grant for the Applicant urges me to make an Order for an amount of $693,000, being an amount based on the percentage allowed for costs under the High Court Fees Costs and Allowance Regulations 2005. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 He points to New Zealand cases and referred to three cases: }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Union Air Service Company Limited v Wasan International Co. Limited}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 , }{\cs25\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s24\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 \f179\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\cs25\super\insrsid12596071 \chftn }{\insrsid12596071 }{\i\f1\insrsid12596071 Union Air Service Company Limited v Wasan International Co. Limited}{\f1\insrsid12596071 Unreported, }{\f1\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14826712 High Court}{\f1\insrsid12596071 , }{ \f1\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14826712 Auckland}{\f1\insrsid12596071 , CIV-2006-404-2190, 21/9/06, Doogue AJ.}}}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 on a claim of $800,000 $31,000 awarded being 94\~percent of scale costs in New Zealand; }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Mawhiney v Waitakere CC}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 , }{\cs25\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s24\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 \f179\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\cs25\super\insrsid12596071 \chftn }{\insrsid12596071 }{\i\f1\insrsid12596071 Mawhiney v Waitakere CC}{\f1\insrsid12596071 Unreported, }{ \f1\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14826712 High Court}{\f1\insrsid12596071 }{\f1\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14826712 Auckland}{\f1\insrsid12596071 , CIV-1999-404-1850, 2/5/05, Sargisson\~J.}}}{ \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 where security was awarded of $60,000 on a claim of $6\~million, being 61\~percent of scale (2B), and }{\i\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Nichibo Japan Trading Company Limited v IBS Group Limited}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 ,}{\cs25\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s24\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 \f179\fs20\lang2057\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\cs25\super\insrsid12596071 \chftn }{\insrsid12596071 }{\i\f1\insrsid12596071 Nichibo Japan Trading Company Limited v IBS Group Limited}{\f1\insrsid12596071 , Unreported, }{\f1\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14826712 High Court}{\f1\insrsid12596071 }{ \f1\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14826712 Auckland}{\f1\insrsid12596071 , CIV-2002-404-1703, 2/5/03, Master Faire.}}}{\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 security of $48,000 was awarded on a percentage of scale of 92.6\~percent. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 I am not persuaded that the correct approach is to look at what the likely award of costs to the Defendant would be on a proceeding. This is a percentage of the amount in issue. The Judge retains a discretion in making that award. The approach is rather t hat the Court must determine what is appropriate in all the circumstances including: \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 the amount and nature of the relief claimed; \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 the nature of the proceeding, complexity of issues and extent of interlocutory matters; \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 duration of trial; or \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 costs payable if the Defendant is unsuccessful. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The amount of the relief claimed is substantial. However, it does not appear that there are any complex issues raised by the case, although the cause of action based on unjustified enrichment certainly w ill raise some novel issues. There has been an Order for production of specific documents. As I understand it, there are unlikely to be any unusual interlocutories. The Plaintiff has indicated that it may file an amended statement of claim following disco very and inspection. The Defendant is now being timetabled to file a statement of defence. Neither party could give me an estimate of the duration of the trial. The Plaintiff's best estimate was five days to prove every allegation. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264981 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264981\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 In the Cook Islands the practice has been that a security for costs in the region of US$5,000-$10,000 are regarded as substantial. This would likely be the upper end of range that would be ordered on the present application. Neither party were able to pro vide any Cook Islands argued cases. Mr\~Gibson for the Applicant himself confirmed that range would likely be granted to date in the Cook Islands. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264981 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264981\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 As I have already found, the High Court has the power to award staged security for costs. It is therefore open to the Applicant at any stage to make a further application for costs in a later stage of the proceedings. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264981 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264981\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Taking into account all the factors above, I, therefore, require that security for costs should be provided as follows: \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264981 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264981\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1264981 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The Plaintiff shall give security for the First Defendant's costs in the sum of US$10,000 by payment of that sum into Court, or by giving, to the satisfaction of the Registrar of this Court, security for that sum. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264981 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264981\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1264981 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 This proceeding is stayed until such sum is so paid or security is given. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264981 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264981\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1264981 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 Leave is reserved to the First Defendant to apply further to this Court at any time before the setting down of this proceeding for a further Order or Orders for further security arising from the costs of trial on substantive issues. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264981 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264981\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The parties indicated that they wish to be heard on the issue for costs on this application. If the parties are unable to agree: \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264981 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264981\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1264981 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 submissions by the Applicant are to be filed and served within seven (7) days of the date of this Judgment; \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264981 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264981\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1264981 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 submissions in response by the Respondent (Plaintiff) is to be filed and served three (3) days after the date of this Judgment; \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264981 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264981\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1264981 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 the Applicant must file and serve any submissions in reply within two days of receipt of the Respondent (Plaintiff) submissions. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264981 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264981\charrsid14701518 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s18 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 { \f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 The time for filing submissions is truncated to ensure the matter is dealt with before the Christmas break. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12596071 {\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 \par }\pard \s18\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264981 {\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid1264981\charrsid14701518 Grice }{\b\f0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid12596071\charrsid14701518 J \par }}