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{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s27\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE COOK ISLANDS
\par HELD AT RAROTONGA
\par (CRIMINAL DIVISION)
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 CR: 66, 69 & 70/2011
\par JP Appeal 2/2011
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 solicitor-general
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 Applicant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s31\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 v
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 LEIGHTON BOAZA
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\caps0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\ql \fi-1418\li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 Hearing:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 27 May 2011
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \fi-142\li144\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin144\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 Counsel:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 Ms C Evans for the Applicant
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 Ms L Rokoika for the Respondent
\par 
\par Judgment:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 27 May 2011
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s26\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\ul\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp2057\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 JUDGMENT OF HON. HUGH WILLIAMS J
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6638039\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 Introductions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
This is an appeal brought by the Crown under s.76 of the Judicature Act following the acquittal of the Respondent, Mr\~Boaza, on three charges by a Justice of the Peace.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Mr\~
Boaza was initially charged with three informations alleging that on 30 January 2011 at Atupa he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 drove }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 his motorcycle whilst under the influence of drink to such an extent as to be incapable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 
of having proper control of it; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 drove the motorcycle whilst the proportion of alcohol in his blood exceeded the prescribed limit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
 and failed or refused to permit a medical officer to take a blood specimen from him.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Towards the end of her submissions, Ms\~
Evans for the police advised that the intention had not been to appeal against the dismissal of the excess blood alcohol charge; that had not clearly appeared prior to that point and Ms\~Rokoika for Mr\~Boaza had prepared full submissions on the point.

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 Facts
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 The dismissal of the charges followed a two day hearing before Mr\~
Matapo JP.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
He set out by discussing the facts of the matter without even rehearsing the charges which he was required to decide.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 It is sufficient for the purposes of this appeal to set the background however by recounting Mr\~Matapo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 s summary of the facts as counsel did not contend it was in error in any material way, and it conforms with this Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 s own perusal of the notes of evidence.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Relevant facts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s21\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The defendant was drinking at the Atiu Hostel on the evening of 29th\~Janu\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ary\~2011.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 He was with a few friends who had stopped working on the Atiu Hostel at 5:00\~pm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
That was when the drinking started.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The defendant drank wine only with another friend, while the others drank Steinlager beer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s21\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
About 10:30\~\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 pm the defendant with some of his friends left to go to the Hideaway Bar.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The defendant and his friends all drove on their motorcycles.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Six more bottles of Steinlager beer were shared amongst five of them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The nightclub closed at midnight.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s21\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
There was a\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  suggestion and an agreement that they were to go to a house at Atupa where some more beer was available after hours.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s21\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The accident occurred on the Back Road at Atupa outside Temu Okotai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 s residence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The defendant was found lying on the road with injur\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ies.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
A motorcycle was also on the road close to the defendant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s21\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Evidence was given of the defendant drinking liquor at the Atiu Hostel and Hideaway Bar before the accident occurred.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The ambulance driver, a nurse and another medical assistant gave evide\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
nce of the defendant having a strong smell of liquor on his breath.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 They attended to the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 '}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 s injuries and transported him to the hospital.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
His injuries comprised of a small cut on the right side of his head, which was sutured.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The Police were also \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 at the scene of the accident before the defendant was moved to the hospital.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Evidence was also given as to the behaviour of the defendant at the scene.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 While conscious the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 s face was flushed, his speech slurred and he was unsteady on his feet.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s21\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
A blood specimen was taken from the defendant despite some uncertainty whether in fact he consented or refused to permit the blood specimen to be obtained.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
There was evidence that the Police instructed the medical practitioner to take a blood specimen f\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 rom the defendant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Although there appears to be no clear instruction that the blood specimen was to be taken for evidential purposes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s21\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The blood specimen was taken from the defendant by the male nurse on the instructions of the duty doctor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
There was evidence from the nurse and the doctor that when the defendant was asked for consent for a blood specimen to be taken, a form was given to him with a pen to sign it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The defendant took the pen and form but never signed it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Despite this the blood \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 specimen was obtained, labelled and placed in the fridge by the nurse.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s21\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The first priority of the doctor was to attend to the injuries of the defendant as well as his wellbeing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Second was his blood specimen.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The doctor gave evidence of asking the defe\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
ndant for a blood specimen to be taken from him, and that he was required to sign the consent form.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 As mentioned earlier, the defendant took the pen and the form but never signed for it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The blood specimen was analysed and shown to be beyond the legal limi\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 t.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Evidence was given by Mr Tou, the certifying officer, to that effect.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
He did not analyse the blood specimen.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s21 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\langfenp5129\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s21\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
References were made by defence counsel to a recent Judgment by Chief Justice Weston in the case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Kureta v Cook Islands Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  (JP Appeal 2/2010, 20\~April\~2010).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
The evidence of Mr Tou today is only the certification of the report.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 He could not give any evidence except as to the content of the letter or form which he has certified.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
More importantly, was the evidence that the test\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 er of the blood specimen was not called.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\dbch\af35\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe5129\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
The Justices of the Peace then turned to considering the issues before him and said first, paragraph\~12:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par "The evidence failed to prove that the defendant was driving the motorcycle leading to the accident."
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Then at para\~13 he said:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par "The Court is of the opinion that the prosecution has not proven the charges beyond reasonable doubt."
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  acquitted Mr\~Boaza of all charges in para\~23.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 Law: (1) Reasons for Decision
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 It must at once be observed, thou
gh this was just prior to the decision of this Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 R v Quarter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs24\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15147294 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\super\insrsid4985094 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4985094  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid4985094\charrsid2646647 JP Appeal 1/2011}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
that the Justice of the Peace}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
s decision fails almost entirely to wrestle with the facts of the matter, undertake the customary explanation as to why the evidence of one person is preferred to another, or to give any reasons as to why acquittals followed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 In that circumstance it is again necessary to refer the decision of the New\~
Zealand Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Lewis v Wilson & Horton Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs24\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2646647\charrsid4611439 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15147294 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\super\insrsid4985094 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4985094  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid4985094\charrsid1929848 [2000] 3 NZLR 546 at pages\~565\_567}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929848\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470433\charrsid4611439 [75] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439 
There is no invariable rule established by New Zealand case law that courts must give reasons for their decisions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439 That is a proposition which may seem surprising.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439 Many may think that it is the function of professional Judges to give reasons for their decisions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439 
And in recent years the general proposition has been steadily eroded in the United Kingdom and Australia, although in Canada the traditional view seems still to be adhered to (see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439 R v Harrow Crown Court, ex parte Dave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439  [1994] 1 WLR 98; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439 Eagil Trust Co Ltd v Pigott-Brown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439  [1985] 3 All ER 119; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439 Flannery v Halifax Estate Agencies Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439 [2000] 1 WLR 377 (CA); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439 
Housing Commission of New South Wales v Tatmar Pastoral Co Pty Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470433\charrsid4611439  [1983] 3 NSWLR 378 at p 386 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439 per Mahoney JA; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439 Public Service Board of New South Wales v Osmond}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439  (1986) 159 CLR 656 at p 667 per Gibbs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470433\charrsid4611439 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439 CJ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439 Soulemezis v Dudley (Holdings) Pty Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439  (1987) 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728859\charrsid4611439 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439 NSWLR 247; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439 R v Barrett}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439  [1995] 1 SCR 752 at p 753; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439 R v R (D)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439  [1996] 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728859\charrsid4611439 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10313806\charrsid4611439 SCR 291 at p 336).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728859\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470433\charrsid4611439 [76] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728859\charrsid4611439 There are three main r
easons why the provision of reasons by Judges is desirable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728859\charrsid4611439 
Others are identified in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728859\charrsid4611439 Singh v Chief Executive Officer, Department of Labour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728859\charrsid4611439  [1999] NZAR 258 at pp 262-263.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728859\charrsid4611439 Most importantly, the provision of reasons by a Judge is an important part of openness in the administration of justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728859\charrsid4611439 The principle of open justice in criminal proceedings is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728859\charrsid4611439 
affirmed by s 138(1) of the Criminal Justice Act 1985 and s 25(a) of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, but it is far older in observance and extends beyond criminal proceedings (although it is of particular importance here).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728859\charrsid4611439 
It yields only where the application of the general rule in the particular circumstances of the case would frustrate the interests of justice, and then only to the extent necessary (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728859\charrsid4611439 Broadcasting Corporation of New Zealand v Attorney-General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728859\charrsid4611439 
 [1982] 1 NZLR 120 at p 123 per Woodhouse P; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728859\charrsid4611439 Atto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929848\charrsid4611439 
rney-General v Leveller Magazine Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929848\charrsid4611439  [1979] AC 440 at p\~450 per Lord Diplock; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929848\charrsid4611439 Police v O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929848\charrsid4611439 Connor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929848\charrsid4611439 [1992] 1\tab  NZLR 87 at pp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11470433\charrsid4611439 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929848\charrsid4611439 95-96 per Thomas J).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929848\charrsid4611439 
There were no special circumstances in the present case which required modification of the principle of open justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5728859\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 
\par .....
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929848\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929848\charrsid4611439 
[79] The principle of open justice serves a wider purpose than the interests represented in the particular case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929848\charrsid4611439 It is critical to the maintenance of public confidence in the system of justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929848\charrsid4611439 Without reasons, it may not be possible to understand why judicial authority has been used in a particular way.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929848\charrsid4611439 The public is excluded from decision making in the Courts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929848\charrsid4611439 Judicial accountability, which is maintained primarily th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929848\charrsid4611439 ough the requirement that justice be administered in public, is undermined.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8595369\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 [80] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8595369\charrsid4611439 The second main reason why it said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439  [sic]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8595369\charrsid4611439 
 Judges must give reasons is that failure to do so means that the lawfulness of what is done cannot be assessed by a Court exercising supervisory jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8595369\charrsid4611439 Those who exercise power must keep within the limits imposed by law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8595369\charrsid4611439 They must address the right questions and they must correctly apply the law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8595369\charrsid4611439 The assurance that they will do so is provided by the supervisory and the appellate Courts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8595369\charrsid4611439 It is fundamental to the rule of law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8595369\charrsid4611439 The supervisory jurisdiction is the means by which those affected the judi
cial orders, but who are not parties to the determination and who have no rights of appeal or rehearing, obtain redress.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8595369\charrsid4611439 Their right to seek su}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9390168\charrsid4611439 ch review is affirmed by s 27 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8595369\charrsid4611439  the New Zealand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9390168\charrsid4611439 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8595369\charrsid4611439 ill of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9390168\charrsid4611439 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8595369\charrsid4611439 ights}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9390168\charrsid4611439  1990.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9390168\charrsid4611439 It is important that sufficient reasons are
 given to enable someone affected to know why the decision was made and to be able to be satisfied that it was lawful.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9390168\charrsid4611439 Without such obligation, the right to seek judicial review of a determination will in many cases be undermined.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8595369\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9390168\charrsid4611439 
\par [81]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9390168\charrsid4611439 The reasons may be abbreviated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 In some cases they will be evident without express reference.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 What is necessary, and why it is necessary was described in relation to the Civil Service Appeal Board (a body which carried out a judicial function) by Lord Donaldson MR in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 R v Civil Service Appeal board, ex parte Cunningham}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 
 [1991] 4 All ER 310 at p 319:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9390168\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li1134\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 \'85 the board should have given outline reasons sufficient to show to what they were directing their mind and thereby indirectly showing not whether their decision was right or wron
g, which is a matter solely for them, but whether their decision was lawful.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 Any other conclusion would reduce the board to the status of a free-wheeling palm tree.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 
\par [82] The third main basis for giving reasons is that they provide a discipline for the Judge which is the best protection against wrong or arbitrary decisions and inconsistent delivery of justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 
In the present case it is hard to believe that the Judge would have granted the order if he had formally marshalled his reasons for doing so.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 
\par 
\par [83] In New Zealand, the leading case on provision of reasons is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 R v Awatere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439  [1982] 1 NZLR 644 at pp 648-649.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 The Court declined to lay down }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 an inflexible rule of universal application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 , while recognising that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 It must always be good judicial practice to provide a reasoned decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 The same view was taken by the majority in a differently constituted Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 
R v MacPherson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439  [1982] 1 NZLR 650.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 Somers J was prepared to go further.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 He would have held in that case that it was implicit in the right of appeal conferred by the Summary Proceedings Act 1957 that the Judge was under a duty to make }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 
such findings or express such reasons or conclusions as in the particular circumstances are necessary to render the right of appeal effective}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 R v MacPherson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439  at p 652).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 Such reasons, he thought, would not need to be elaborate and would add little to what is usually done in New Zealand Courts.
\par 
\par [84] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 R v Awatere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439  was considered and applied in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 R v Jefferies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439  [1999]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15686063\charrsid4611439  3 NZLR 211.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15686063\charrsid4611439 That case confirmed that while the giving of sufficient reasons for decision is always highly desirable, it is not an inflexible requirement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144007\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
Though not a ground of appeal in this instance, the conclusion has to be that the Justice of the Peace did not give reasons for the conclusions he reached, nor illustrate anything in the way of the logical path with reference to the evidence that he follo
wed in acquitting Mr\~Boaza.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
That has repercussions later in this judgment and reference will be made back to it at that point.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 (2) Transport Amendment Act 2007
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 The evidence on the question of proof of Mr\~Boaza}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 s drinking and subsequent driving revolv
ed at least in part around the provisions of the Transport Ame}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 ndment Act 2007 which enacted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 breathalyser }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 blood alcohol regime}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  for the Cook Islands and it is important, in view of the difficult way in which the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 A}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 mendment is phrased, to consider the terms of the statute, especially because the Justice of the Peace in this case referred critically, in para\~
14, to defence counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 s frequent recourse to s.28F in the 2007 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 mendment and assertions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 breach}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 he Justices of the Pea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 ce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8405210\charrsid4611439 s observations also referred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  to a ruling made at the commencement of the defended hearing disallowing the prosecution from relying on a number of documents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439  disclosed late}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Mr\~Matapo held that disclosure was not only in breach of a timetable made at an earlier stage of the c
ase, but also in breach of s.28F.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
Turning to the statute, it enacted a new s.28 of the Transport Act 1966 concerning driving whilst under the influence of drink or drugs and a new s.28A creating the offence of driving with excessive breath or blood alcohol concentration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
After defining the terms of the offences under those sections, s.28B and 28C set out who could be required to give breathalyser and blood specimens respectively.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 e statute in s.28D then provides}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  for the mechanics of the taking of a blood sp}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 ecimen.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 Section 28E provides}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
 for the protection of persons in hospital in relation to breathalyser tests or blood specimens.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Weston\~CJ in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Kureta v the Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs24\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15686063\charrsid4611439 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15865655 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\super\insrsid15686063 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15686063  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid15686063\charrsid15686063 JP Appeal 2/10, 20 April 2010, para\~13}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15686063\charrsid4611439  ob}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 served that s.28E is consistent with Article\~64 of the Constitution of the Cook Islands.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
Section 28E(1)(a) and (b) set out the terms of the protective requirements before a breathalyser test can be administered, and s.28E(1)(c) provides similar protection in relation to patients from whom blood is proposed to be taken.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
A provision common to both the breathalyser provisions and the blood provisions of s.28E is that the person on whom the breathalyser test is to be administered, or from whom blood is to
 be taken, must be informed in the case of blood "that the blood specimen is being or was taken under this section for evidential purposes".
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Section\~28F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  has caused difficulty and was the source of the Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 s comment in this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Although of some length, it is necessary to set it out in full.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642327\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642327\charrsid4611439 28F.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642327\charrsid4611439 
Evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642327\charrsid4611439  \endash  (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642327\charrsid4611439 The following provisions apply with respect to proceedings for an offence under section 28 or 28A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642327\charrsid4611439 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642327\charrsid4611439 Evidence of the proportion of alcohol or any drug in a specimen of breath or blood}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 
 provided by the defendant shall, in all cases, be taken into account and it shall be conclusively presumed that the proportion of alcohol or drugs in the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 s breath or blood at the time of the alleged offence was not less than in the specimen taken from the defendant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642327 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 (3) \tab 
It shall be conclusively presumed that the result of the analysis of the breath or blood specimen taken from the defendant is correct, unless the contrary is proven.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 (4)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 \tab Evidence of the proportion of alcohol or a drug in the person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 s breath or blood may, subject to subsections (6) and (7), be adduced by the following means \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li1134\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 \tab a notice produced by the approved device by which the proportion of alcohol in the person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 s breath was measured and a certificate signed by a co
nstable that the notice relates to a specimen of breath provided by the accused at the date and time shown in the notice, together with a calibration certificate; or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 (b)\tab oral evidence from the operator of the approved device by which the proportion of alcohol in that person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 
s breath was measured as to the breath alcohol concentration reading given by the device, together with a calibration certificate;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 (c)\tab a certificate signed by an approved analyst as to the proportion of alcohol or any drug found in a s
pecimen of blood provided by the defendant and as identified in the certificate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 (5)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 \tab A document purporting to be such a notice or such a certificate, or both referred to in subsection (4)(a) of this section, is admissible in evidence by the prosecutor fo
r the purposes of this section only if \endash  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li1134\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li1134\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls6\ilvl4\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 
a copy of it has either, been handed to the defendant when the document was produced, or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li1134\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li1134\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls6\ilvl4\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 
has been served on him or her not later than 14 days before the hearing; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li1134\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li1134\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls6\ilvl4\rin0\lin1134\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 any other document is so admissib
le only if a copy of it has been served on the accused not later than seven days before the hearing.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 
\par (6)\tab A copy of the document as defined in subsection (4)(a) or subsection (4)(c) of this section is deemed to have been served on the defendant if it has b
een handed to him or her, or sent by recorded delivery service to him or her at his or her last known residential address.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632495\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 It is clear from the terms of the section\~
in 28F, unhappily drafted as it is\~\_ there is no subsection\~(7) despite it being referred to in subsection\~(4)\~\_ are first that under subsection\~
(2) and (3) evidence of the proportion of alcohol in breath or blood is conclusively presumed to be not less at testing than was the case when the specimen was taken and requires the result of the analysis to be taken into account.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Section\~28F(4)(a) provides one m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 eans\~\_ the statute says "may"\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
and no doubt the most common means of proving the results of a breathalyser test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439  - subsection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 (4)(a) permits proof of the breathalyser result by:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls5\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 A notice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 produced by the approved device; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls5\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
A certificate by a Constable that the notice relates to breath taken from the accused at the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439  time and date shown; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls5\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 A calibration certificate.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 An alternative means of proving breathalyser offe
nces is provided for by s.28F(4)(b) phrased in the alternative to subsection\~(4)(a) which permits that proof }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 may }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 be given by oral evidence by the operator as to the results of the test, plus the reading from the device and a calibration certificate.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Section\~
28F(4)(c) relates to excess blood alcohol prosecutions and permits evidence of the alcohol in a person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 s blood by means of a certificate signed by an analyst recording the terms that analysis and identification of the person from whom it was taken.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Section\~28F(5) provides}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  in its terms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
 for evidence of the proportion of alcohol in either breath or blood to be given by documents listed in the subsection and served as provided by subsection\~(5).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 The subsection is unhelpful however, in that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 noted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  it makes subsection\~(5) subject to subsection\~(6) and (7), and there is no subsection\~(7)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 Thus }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
it is of no relevance whatever to this case, even though relied on by the Justice of the Peace, because its terms }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 affect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15147294\charrsid4611439 the proof under s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 28F(4)(a).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Subsection\~(5) does not apply to proof in breathalyser cases by the s.28F(4)(b) route, nor does it apply to blood alcohol proof under s.28F(4)(c).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
Therefore, the provision in s.28F(5)(c) talking about "any other document" and its admissibility can only relate to breathalyser cases, although given the identification of notices in subsection\~(4)(a) and the fact that subsection\~
(5) relates to notices and certificates, it is somewhat difficult to see what s.28F(5)(c) relates to since it is unlikely to relate to the calibration certificate.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Section\~
28F(6) however, which deals with service, does apply both to proof of breathalyser offences under s.28F(4)(a) and proof of blood alcohol offences under s.28F(4)(c), but it does not apply to proof un
der s.28F(4)(b), presumably because that means of proving the offence is largely covered by oral evidence from the operator of the breathalyser device.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
Seeing it appears there was no contest as to the mode of service in this case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 than the issue to which s.28F(6) is directed, it would appear that s.28F could only apply to Mr\~Boaza}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 s prosecution insofar as it permits proof by a signed analyst}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 s certificate as to the result of the test under s.28F(4)(c).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
There was, therefore, no basis for the Justice of the Peace to rule out documents disclosed late in the piece by the police under s.28F(5)(c), but given the nature of the draughtsmanship of s.28F, it is understandable that the Justice of the Peace may hav
e become confused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439 Section 28 Charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3373185 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
Turning more specifically to the charges which remain the subject of this appeal, and starting with the charge under s.28 against Mr\~
Boaza of driving a motorcycle whilst under the influence of drink to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control, whilst it is difficult in the absence of any reasons why the Justice of the Peace decided the matter as he did, it is also dif
ficult to see how he could reach the conclusion he did on the evidence before him.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 As noted in the Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 s factual summary, put shortly, Mr\~
Boaza went out drinking with some of his friends at a number of licensed premises and the group then dispersed to go home.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 No person gave evidence about seeing Mr\~Boaza on a motorcycle leaving the scene of the last hostelry or driving, and there is some force in Ms\~Rokoika}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 s submissions on Mr\~Boaza}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 s behalf that the police did not even adduce evidence of ownership of the motorcycle found at the scene.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 The only evidence on the topic was of a Mr\~Okotai who said that at about 11 on the evening of 29 January he was about to go to bed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439 when he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 heard a crash outside his house.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Going out to check, he found a damaged motorcycle on one side of the entrance to his driveway and Mr\~
Boaza injured lying on the other side of the entrance to the driveway, apparently snoring.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 That was as close as the evidence came to direct evidence that Mr\~Boaza was riding the motorcycle in question}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439 , though there could only have been one other person who might have been the driver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 What would have been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439 open}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  would have been for the Justice of the Peace to canvass all the evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439  -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  particularly that of Mr\~Okotai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439  -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  and come to a conclusion that there was lack of proof Mr\~
Boaza was driving the motorcycle.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
That conclusion should have been buttressed by reasons drawn from the evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 It would have been equally possible for him to have drawn from the evidence an inference based on Mr\~Okotai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 s testimony, and any other testimony he considered relevant, that Mr\~
Boaza had in fact been proved to be the rider of the motorcycle lying on the road adjacent to Mr\~Boaza on the evening in question.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 But without some effort, some manifest eff
ort on the part of the Justice of the Peace, there is no way of knowing how he came to the bald conclusion that the evidence "failed to prove that the defendant was driving the motorcycle leading to the accident".
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439 Section 28C Change
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Turning next to the failure or refusal to permit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439  the blood specimen to be taken,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
lthough appropriate precedent was cited to the Justice of the Peace, and although he noted it briefly at the conclusion of his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439 decision -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  after he had held there was a lack o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439 f proof beyond reasonable doubt -}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  there was again no manifest consideration of those cases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439 
 such as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  to lead to the Justice of the Peace conclusion expressed in paragraph\~13 of his judgment cited earlier.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 What amounts to a failure or a refusal to give a blood specimen has at least in New\~Zealand in\~
years past been a contested question on a number of occasions but it is, at the end of the day, a matter of judgment based on the evidence.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15865655\charrsid4611439 Ti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 kao v Ministry of Transport}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs24\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15147294\charrsid4611439 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15865655 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\super\insrsid15147294 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15147294  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid15147294\charrsid15147294 [1986] 2 CRNZ 703}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 , a case cited in the Court below, Holland\~J held that:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-643\li-851\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin-851\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15865655\charrsid4611439 "If the appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 knows }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15865655\charrsid4611439 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 understands he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15865655\charrsid4611439 is being }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 asked to permit a specimen of blood to be taken his refusal or failure to permit the specimen to be taken creates the offence unless it can be shown }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15865655\charrsid4611439 that that refusal or failure }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 is not an act of his own volition.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15865655\charrsid4611439 onus remains on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Crown }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15865655\charrsid4611439 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 prove beyond reasonable doubt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15865655\charrsid4611439 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 the refusal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15865655\charrsid4611439 wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 s a conscious deliberate decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15865655\charrsid4611439 ..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 ."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Then again in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1513789\charrsid4611439 Neve v Police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15865655\charrsid4611439 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs24\super\insrsid15865655 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15865655  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15865655\charrsid15865655 [1994] 11 CRNZ 374}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15865655\charrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 again a decision of Holland\~J, the Judge held that:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338511\charrsid4611439 A refusal to give permission does not require that the person concerned say }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338511\charrsid4611439 no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338511\charrsid4611439  or }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338511\charrsid4611439 I refuse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338511\charrsid4611439 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338511\charrsid4611439 The refusal can arise by simply not granting the permission sought.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1513789\charrsid4611439 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 he question is whether the person concerned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1513789\charrsid4611439 is deliberately refusing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  permission."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 In this case the evidence was that after Mr\~Boaza was taken from Mr\~
Okotai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
s residence to the hospital for treatment for his injuries the police first attended the scene at Mr\~Okotai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 s residence and then accompanied the ambulance to the hospital.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Once there, Senior Constable Hagai said that as soon as she went into the room she could "smell the strong alcohol smell in the room}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15865655\charrsid4611439 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  and I went straight and approached the doctor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 I said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15865655\charrsid4611439 , 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15865655\charrsid4611439 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 octor if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15865655\charrsid4611439 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  she}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15865655\charrsid4611439 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  can take a blood specimen off the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  (page\~43).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 And then a little later:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-643\li-851\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin-851\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
"I went straight to the doctor and asked the doctor if she can take a blood specimen."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Doctor\~
Win, the doctor on duty on that occasion, said that after she had examined Mr\~Boaza and noticed a "strong alcoholic breath on him", she was asked by Senior Constable Hagai to "take a blood sample from the patient for the blood alcohol concentration.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Doctor\~Win then approached Mr\~
Boaza, told him that he had a head injury needing stitching, and then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
after the stitching I told him that we need to take a blood sample from him to check the blood alcohol concentration because it is a police case, and for his further treatment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 ."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 It was after that the doctor gave Mr\~Boaza the consen
t form and a pen and apparently asked him on a number of occasions to consent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Mr\~Boaza said nothing and in due course handed the unsigned consent form and pen back.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 That notwithstanding the blood sample was taken by a Nurse Leito.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 The next step in t
he process is to consider whether that evidence was adequate to satisfy the protective pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439 ovisions of s.28E(1)(c); t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 hat is to say, when the section\~requires a patient to be informed that the blood specimen is to be taken for "evidential purposes" the section\~
requires strict proof of the utterance of that phrase or whether it is sufficient that the patient is ad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2779410\charrsid4611439 vised, even if not in the phrasing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  in s.28E(1)(c), but in an unmistakable way that the blood to be taken from him or her will be used in a prosecution.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Kureta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 , as mentioned, it would appear Weston\~
CJ took the view that the Registered Medical Practitioner must utter the words "evidential purposes" to make the evidence of the concentration in the alcohol in the blood subsequently taken admissible.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
Whilst the utterance of the phrase "evidential purposes" is obviously desirable to place the matter beyond doubt, with respect to the Chief Justice, there may be an argument available that, if the ultimate use of the blood alcohol concentration in 
evidence against the patient is made unmistakably clear, utterance of the actual phrase "evidential purposes" is not required by statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 After all, breathalyser and blood alcohol prosecutions are public interest provisions where persons who have been prov
ed to have been driving with significant alcohol concentration in their breath or blood\~\_ and here Mr\~Boaza is said to have been about three and a half times over the prescribed limit\~\_
 should not be able to escape conviction through the ritualistic use of a particular phrase or its absence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  if the purport of the phrase is made clear before the blood is taken.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [42]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 In this case for example, had Dr\~
Win said in place of the statement earlier noted that the blood alcohol concentration result was going to be used by the police as evidence against Mr\~
Boaza in any subsequent prosecution for driving with excess alcohol in his blood, the fact that she might not have used the actual phrase "evidential purposes" \_ a phrase which is unlikely to be one a doctor uses regularly \_
 could perhaps not be fatal to the prosecution.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 Section 76 Judicature Act 1980-81
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [43]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 That brings the Court back to what should be the
 disposition of this appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
Looking first at the proper approach to appeals under s.76 of the Judicature Act, the first point to be noted is that in its terms it gives a right of appeal against acquittals.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 That is contrary to accepted constitutional princ
iple in many countries around the world where an acquittal is a complete bar to any further prosecution against that defendant for that particular offence, but there is nothing in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 the phrasing of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 s.76(1) to limit the right of appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 It simply says that fo
llowing the determination of proceedings by a Justice sitting alone or Justices sitting together, if "any party thereto is not satisfied with the decision therein he may appeal from that decision to a Judge."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [44]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Ms\~Rokoika in her careful submissions dre
w attention to the decision of Dillon\~J in this Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Police v Ngau}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs24\i\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1513789\charrsid4611439 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\super\insrsid1513789 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1513789  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid1513789\charrsid1513789 [1992] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1513789 CIHC }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1513789\charrsid1513789 3}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
The facts in that decision were similar to the facts in the present case apart from the appellant for some reaso}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 n seeking leave to appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 hat application for leave to appeal was dismissed by Dillon\~J as no doubt he would have dismissed an appeal simplicit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 er}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
 largely because of his concern that to grant an appeal and a further trial would infringe the rule against double jeopardy.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [45]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 He said:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-643\li-851\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin-851\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 "There is no do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13509609\charrsid4611439 ubt that s.76 does entitle the A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
ppellant to appeal against the dismissal subject always to the inherent rights}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13509609\charrsid4611439  of very long standing relative to the principles of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13509609\charrsid4611439 double jeopardy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13509609\charrsid4611439 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13509609\charrsid4611439 That is,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  no person }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13509609\charrsid4611439 should }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 be required to stand trial a 
second time for the same offence in circumstances where the charge against him has been dismissed on the merits at the first hearing."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [46]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 After dealing with authority Dillon\~J, page\~3 said:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par "All those very authoritative decisions clearly expound the principles applicable and the necessity of preserving the long established principles which relate to not exposing an accused person to the risk of the rule known as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13509609\charrsid4611439 Double Jeopardy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 ."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [47]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Without finding that Crown appeals should not be granted because to 
do so would infringe the rule against double jeopardy, that rule is deeply entrenched in the criminal law and in this Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 s view should be a factor of significant weight to be taken into account in deciding whether a s.76 appeal should be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 brought or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 granted.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [48]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
However, the double jeopardy rule is well acknowledged as not debarring a second trial where it can be demonstrated on appeal that an acquittal, or for that matter a conviction, has resulted from some impropriety in the trial below; often }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 the incorre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 ct reception or evidence shows}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439  the trial process below }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 as gone awry in one way or another.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 That, for instance, is a frequent ground on which appeals by persons convicted are a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 llowed and new trials ordered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 nd if there has been some error in the
 way the trial at first instance has proceeded, there is no greater reason to refuse a Crown appeal than to refuse a defence appeal.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [49]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
Because of the rule against double jeopardy, and in terms of the correct stance to be taken by prosecutors, it is suggested that the Crown should exercise restraint before bringing appeals against acquittals under s.76.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Much the same criteria might apply to a Crown appeal against an acquittal as apply to other Crown appeals.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Restraint is to be exercised before they are brought, and even if the Crown
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
s stance is shown to be correct, the result is to alter what happened below to the least extent compatible with justice.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 Disposition
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [50]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 So what is to happen in this case?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
Dealing first with the failure or refusal to permit the taking of a blood specimen, it would seem unlikely that the evidence could be improved should a further trial be ordered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 The doctor has given evidence as to what she said to Mr\~Boaza.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
No doubt counsel were alive in the JP Court to the provisions of s.28E(1)(c) and the position must therefore be that the doctor did not use the phrase "evidential purposes" but used the phrase 
earlier recounted, a phrase which does not go so far as to say the results of the blood specimen would be used in evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [51]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
In those circumstances, and given the proper Crown approach suggested to s.76 appeals, the conclusion is that the Crown has m
ade out no basis for a further trial on the failure or refusal to permit a blood specimen to be taken charge, and the appeal is accordingly dismissed in relation to that matter.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [52]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 That leaves what is colloquially called the driving under the influence 
charge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [53]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Here the Crown is on stronger ground, though not necessarily a ground raised in its Notice of Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 There is, as mentioned, no evaluation in the Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 s decision as to why }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 concluded Mr\~Boaza was not the driver of the motorcycle found close by him outside Mr\~Okotai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 s home.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 There was an obligation on the Justice of the Peace to give reasons as to why that was the conclusion at which he arrived.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Without reasons being given, it cannot be concluded that the trial process did not go awry in 
that respect, even though for all we know a second acquittal might follow a second trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [54]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11299229\charrsid4611439 So, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 he Crown is on firmer ground in its s.76 appeal as far as that charge is concerned.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 The appeal is allowed to that extent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 The case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13509609\charrsid4611439 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 remitted to the Justices of the Peace for a further hearing on the charge that Mr\~
Boaza drove a motorcycle whilst under the influence of drink or drug to such an extent as to be incapable of having proper control.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [55]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 In the circumstances of that mixed conclusion there is n
o basis for making any order as to costs.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 MS EVANS:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 I do note that the information did have in its particulars the extent to\~\_ in terms of capability, driving with a proper control issue, the statute of course doesn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 t \_ has got none of that.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 An amended information or amended particulars would be the appropriate way to go in that regard?}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 THE COURT:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 That}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
s an issue you can raise in the Justice of the Peace. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 MS EVANS:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Thank you, sir. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 THE COURT:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Ms\~Rokoika, anything further?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 MS ROKOIKA:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
Sir, just on the ground that has been allowed, this is with reference to the incapability provision of the information that has been laid; I guess I want to pose the same question as to how that is going to be dealt with in terms of re\_
trial given the charges that was so\_called "appealed" is wrong in terms of the statutory provisions of s.28 of the Transport Amendment Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 THE COURT:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 As I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
ve said to Ms\~Evans, that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
s a matter that will need to be dealt with by a Justice of the Peace.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 I}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 m not trying the charge in its present form or in any amended form. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 MS ROKOIKA:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 Very well, sir.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4611439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476889\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7227294\charrsid4611439 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4611439 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1513789\charrsid4611439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7227294\charrsid4611439 ________________________
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7227294\charrsid4611439 Hon Hugh Williams J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7227294 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15800678 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15800678 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15800678 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f31506\insrsid15800678\charrsid15807667 Editorial Note: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid15800678\charrsid15807667 Derived from the Court\rquote s electronic records and believed to be correct and final.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15800678\charrsid13910742 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15800678 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15800678\charrsid4611439 
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